User:Discographer/Various–Extended
User:Discographer/Various–etc.
User:Discographer/Various–Music
User:Discographer/Sports/Boxing
Political alignment edit
- As stated elsewhere below on this page, I align with the
- Christian Democratic Union party (Christian democracy),
- which is centre-right on the (left-right) political spectrum.
- Political affiliation:
Politics edit
Political spectrum edit
- Austria — (SPÖ (AT) / ÖVP (AT))
- Germany — (SPD (DE) / CDU (DE))
- United Kingdom — (Labour Party (UK) / Conservative Party (UK))
- Republic of Ireland — (Fianna Fáil (IE) / Fine Gael (IE))
- Canada — (Liberal Party (CA) / Conservative Party (CA))
- Australia — (Labor Party (AU) / Liberal Party (AU))
- New Zealand — (Labour Party (NZ) / National Party (NZ))
Upcoming elections edit
- (Location)
- Election date
Party leadership elections edit
- (None)
National leadership elections edit
- (Austria)
- Election to be held circa 2024.
- (United Kingdom)
- Election to be held 28 Jan 2025.
- (Ireland)
- Election to be held 20 Feb 2025.
- (Australia)
- Election to be held in 2025
- (Canada)
- Election to be held 20 Oct 2025.
- (Germany)
- Election to be held 26 Oct 2025.
- (New Zealand)
- Election to be held 19 Dec 2026.
Parliamentary elctions edit
- (None)
Sinn Féin edit
Sinn Féin Front Bench / Oireachtas edit
- Mary Lou McDonald (TD) – (Leader of the Opposition / President of Sinn Féin / Leader in Dáil Éireann)
- Michelle O'Neill (MLA) – (Vice president of Sinn Féin / First Minister of Northern Ireland – Assembly – Executive~Office)
- (vacant) – (Leader in Seanad Éireann)
- Chris MacManus (MEP) – (Leader in European Parliament)
- Pádraig Mac Lochlainn (TD) – (Opposition Chief Whip)
See also edit
| Previous | ← Elections → | Next |
|---|
- Category:2022 elections → Category:2022 elections in Europe
- Category:Future elections → Category:Future elections in Europe
Politics of the United Kingdom edit
Great Offices of State edit
Total = 71 Tories (49 + 22)
Conservative Party edit
Key:
Living
Deceased
| Tories | ||
|---|---|---|
| Born | Name | Died |
| 30 Nov 1874 | Winston Churchill | 24 Jan 1965 |
| 09 Dec 1902 | Rab Butler | 08 Mar 1982 |
| 12 Jun 1897 | Anthony Eden | 14 Jan 1977 |
| 29 May 1900 | David Maxwell Fyfe | 27 Jan 1967 |
| 04 Dec 1894 | Gwilym Lloyd George | 14 Feb 1967 |
| 10 Feb 1894 | Harold Macmillan | 29 Dec 1986 |
| 28 Jul 1904 | Selwyn Lloyd | 18 May 1978 |
| 26 Jul 1909 | Peter Thorneycroft | 04 Jun 1994 |
| 26 Dec 1899 | Derick Heathcoat-Amory | 20 Jan 1981 |
| 02 Jul 1903 | Alec Douglas-Home | 09 Oct 1995 |
| 07 Mar 1917 | Reginald Maudling | 14 Feb 1979 |
| 09 Apr 1903 | Henry Brooke | 29 Mar 1984 |
| 31 Aug 1923 | Edward Boyle | 28 Sep 1981 |
| 09 Jul 1916 | Edward Heath | 17 Jul 2005 |
| 11 Nov 1913 | Iain Macleod | 20 Jul 1970 |
| 12 Oct 1920 | Christopher Soames | 16 Sep 1987 |
| 09 Oct 1907 | Quintin Hogg | 12 Oct 2001 |
| 04 Jul 1920 | Anthony Barber | 16 Dec 2005 |
| 11 Nov 1916 | Robert Carr | 17 Feb 2012 |
| 28 May 1924 | Geoffrey Rippon | 28 Jan 1997 |
| 11 Oct 1927 | Jim Prior | 12 Dec 2016 |
| 17 Jan 1918 | Keith Joseph | 10 Dec 1994 |
| 13 Oct 1925 | Margaret Thatcher | 08 Apr 2013 |
| 20 Dec 1926 | Geoffrey Howe | 09 Oct 2015 |
| 08 Jul 1926 | Ian Gilmour | 21 Sep 2007 |
| 08 Jan 1916 | John Davies | 04 Jul 1979 |
| 28 Jun 1918 | William Whitelaw | 01 Jul 1999 |
| 13 Feb 1922 | Francis Pym | 07 Mar 2008 |
| 06 Jun 1919 | Peter Carington | 09 Jul 2018 |
| 11 Mar 1932 | Nigel Lawson | 03 Apr 2023 |
| 25 Sep 1939 | Leon Brittan | 21 Jan 2015 |
| 08 Mar 1930 | Douglas Hurd | |
| 29 Mar 1943 | John Major | |
| 02 Aug 1929 | David Waddington | 23 Feb 2017 |
| 08 May 1942 | Norman Lamont | |
| 03 Nov 1934 | Kenneth Baker | |
| 02 Jul 1940 | Kenneth Clarke | |
| 07 Jul 1941 | Michael Howard | |
| 21 Jun 1946 | Malcolm Rifkind | |
| 23 Aug 1943 | Peter Lilley | |
| 26 Jul 1940 | Brian Mawhinney | 09 Nov 2019 |
| 26 Mar 1961 | William Hague | |
| 04 Jul 1953 | Francis Maude | |
| 02 Feb 1938 | Norman Fowler | |
| 22 Apr 1943 | John Maples | 09 Jun 2012 |
| 04 Oct 1947 | Ann Widdecombe | |
| 26 May 1953 | Michael Portillo | |
| 09 Apr 1954 | Iain Duncan Smith | |
| 07 Jul 1945 | Michael Ancram | |
| 19 May 1956 | Oliver Letwin | |
| 23 Dec 1948 | David Davis | |
| 23 May 1971 | George Osborne | |
| 22 Sep 1961 | Liam Fox | |
| 09 Oct 1966 | David Cameron | |
| 24 May 1956 | Dominic Grieve | |
| 01 Apr 1962 | Chris Grayling | |
| 01 Oct 1956 | Theresa May | |
| 04 Dec 1955 | Philip Hammond | |
| 19 Jun 1964 | Boris Johnson | |
| 01 Aug 1963 | Amber Rudd | |
| 05 Dec 1969 | Sajid Javid | |
| 01 Nov 1966 | Jeremy Hunt | |
| 25 Feb 1974 | Dominic Raab | |
| 29 Mar 1972 | Priti Patel | |
| 12 May 1980 | Rishi Sunak | |
| 26 Jul 1975 | Liz Truss | |
| 02 Jun 1967 | Nadhim Zahawi | |
| 26 May 1975 | Kwasi Kwarteng | |
| 04 Sep 1969 | James Cleverly | |
| 03 Apr 1980 | Suella Braverman | |
| 14 Sep 1968 | Grant Shapps | |
Since 07 Jun 1935 edit
| Great Offices of State Shadow Great Offices of State | |
|---|---|
| Date | Prime Minister Opposition Leader |
| 07 Jun 1935 – 28 May 1937 | Stanley Baldwin |
| 28 May 1937 – 10 May 1940 | Neville Chamberlain |
| 10 May 1940 – 26 Jul 1945 | Winston Churchill |
| 26 Jul 1945 – 26 Oct 1951 | Winston Churchill |
| 26 Oct 1951 – 06 Apr 1955 | Winston Churchill |
| 06 Apr 1955 – 10 Jan 1957 | Anthony Eden |
| 10 Jan 1957 – 19 Oct 1963 | Harold Macmillan |
| 19 Oct 1963 – 16 Oct 1964 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 16 Oct 1964 – 28 Jul 1965 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 28 Jul 1965 – 19 Jun 1970 | Edward Heath |
| 19 Jun 1970 – 04 Mar 1974 | Edward Heath |
| 04 Mar 1974 – 11 Feb 1975 | Edward Heath |
| 11 Feb 1975 – 04 May 1979 | Margaret Thatcher |
| 04 May 1979 – 28 Nov 1990 | Margaret Thatcher |
| 28 Nov 1990 – 02 May 1997 | John Major |
| 02 May 1997 – 19 Jun 1997 | John Major |
| 19 Jun 1997 – 13 Sep 2001 | William Hague |
| 13 Sep 2001 – 06 Nov 2003 | Iain Duncan Smith |
| 06 Nov 2003 – 06 Dec 2005 | Michael Howard |
| 06 Dec 2005 – 11 May 2010 | David Cameron |
| 11 May 2010 – 13 Jul 2016 | David Cameron |
| 13 Jul 2016 – 24 Jul 2019 | Theresa May |
| 24 Jul 2019 – 06 Sep 2022 | Boris Johnson |
| 06 Sep 2022 – 25 Oct 2022 | Liz Truss |
| 25 Oct 2022 – present | Rishi Sunak |
| Great Offices of State Shadow Great Offices of State | |
|---|---|
| Date | Foreign Secretary Shadow Foreign Secretary |
| 07 Jun 1935 – 18 Dec 1935 | Samuel Hoare |
| 18 Dec 1935 – 20 Feb 1938 | Anthony Eden |
| 20 Feb 1938 – 22 Dec 1940 | Edward Wood |
| 22 Dec 1940 – 26 Jul 1945 | Anthony Eden |
| 26 Jul 1945 – 26 Oct 1951 | Anthony Eden |
| 26 Oct 1951 – 06 Apr 1955 | Anthony Eden |
| 06 Apr 1955 – 20 Dec 1955 | Harold Macmillan |
| 20 Dec 1955 – 27 Jul 1960 | Selwyn Lloyd |
| 27 Jul 1960 – 19 Oct 1963 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 19 Oct 1963 – 16 Oct 1964 | Rab Butler |
| 16 Oct 1964 – 16 Feb 1965 | Rab Butler |
| 16 Feb 1965 – 11 Nov 1965 | Reginald Maudling |
| 11 Nov 1965 – 13 Apr 1966 | Christopher Soames |
| 13 Apr 1966 – 19 Jun 1970 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 19 Jun 1970 – 04 Mar 1974 | Alec Douglas-Home |
| 04 Mar 1974 – 11 Feb 1975 | Geoffrey Rippon |
| 11 Feb 1975 – 11 Apr 1976 | Reginald Maudling |
| 11 Apr 1976 – 06 Nov 1978 | John Davies |
| 06 Nov 1978 – 04 May 1979 | Francis Pym |
| 04 May 1979 – 05 Apr 1982 | Peter Carington |
| 05 Apr 1982 – 11 Jun 1983 | Francis Pym |
| 11 Jun 1983 – 24 Jul 1989 | Geoffrey Howe |
| 24 Jul 1989 – 26 Oct 1989 | John Major |
| 26 Oct 1989 – 05 Jul 1995 | Douglas Hurd |
| 05 Jul 1995 – 02 May 1997 | Malcolm Rifkind |
| 02 May 1997 – 11 Jun 1997 | John Major |
| 11 Jun 1997 – 15 Jun 1999 | Michael Howard |
| 15 Jun 1999 – 02 Feb 2000 | John Maples |
| 02 Feb 2000 – 18 Sep 2001 | Francis Maude |
| 18 Sep 2001 – 10 May 2005 | Michael Ancram |
| 10 May 2005 – 06 Dec 2005 | Liam Fox |
| 06 Dec 2005 – 11 May 2010 | William Hague |
| 11 May 2010 – 14 Jul 2014 | William Hague |
| 14 Jul 2014 – 13 Jul 2016 | Philip Hammond |
| 13 Jul 2016 – 09 Jul 2018 | Boris Johnson |
| 09 Jul 2018 – 24 Jul 2019 | Jeremy Hunt |
| 24 Jul 2019 – 15 Sep 2021 | Dominic Raab |
| 15 Sep 2021 – 06 Sep 2022 | Liz Truss |
| 06 Sep 2022 – 13 Nov 2023 | James Cleverly |
| 13 Nov 2023 – present | David Cameron |
~ edit
| Females of the Great Offices of State and Shadow Great Offices of State |
|---|
Key:
Labour
Conservative
| Labour Conservative |
List of United Kingdom MPs by seniority (2019–present) edit
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Rank | Member | Party | Constituency | Elected | — |
| — | ||||||
| 47th Parliament (elected: 10 October 1974, first met: 22 October 1974, dissolved: 7 April 1979) | ||||||
| 001 | Sir Peter Bottomley | Con | Worthing West | 26 Jun 1975 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 48th Parliament (elected: 3 May 1979, first met: 9 May 1979, dissolved: 13 May 1983) | ||||||
| 002 | Barry Sheerman | Lab | Huddersfield | 3 May 1979 | ||
| 003 | The Rt Hon Harriet Harman | Lab | Camberwell and Peckham | 28 Oct 1982 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 49th Parliament (elected: 9 June 1983, first met: 15 June 1983, dissolved: 18 May 1987) | ||||||
| 004 | The Rt Hon Sir Edward Leigh | Con | Gainsborough | 9 Jun 1983 | ||
| 005 | The Rt Hon Nick Brown | Ind | Newcastle upon Tyne East | |||
| 006 | The Rt Hon Jeremy Corbyn | Ind | Islington North | |||
| 007 | The Rt Hon Sir Roger Gale | Con | North Thanet | |||
| 008 | The Rt Hon Dame Margaret Beckett | Lab | Derby South | |||
| 009 | Sir Bill Cash | Con | Stone | 3 May 1984 | ||
| 010 | The Rt Hon Sir George Howarth | Lab | Knowsley | 13 Nov 1986 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 50th Parliament (elected: 11 June 1987, first met: 17 June 1987, dissolved: 16 March 1992) | ||||||
| 011 | The Rt Hon Sir John Redwood | Con | Wokingham | 11 Jun 1987 | ||
| 012 | The Rt Hon David Davis | Con | Haltemprice and Howden | |||
| 013 | The Rt Hon Diane Abbott | Ind | Hackney North and Stoke Newington | |||
| — | ||||||
| 51st Parliament (elected: 9 April 1992, first met: 27 April 1992, dissolved: 8 April 1997) | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| — | ||||||
| Rank | Member | Party | Constituency | Elected | ||
| — | ||||||
Independent edit
| — | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Rank | Member | Party | Constituency | Elected | — |
| — | ||||||
| 49th Parliament (elected: 9 June 1983, first met: 15 June 1983, dissolved: 18 May 1987) | ||||||
| 005 | The Rt Hon Nick Brown | Ind | Newcastle upon Tyne East | 9 Jun 1983 | ||
| 006 | The Rt Hon Jeremy Corbyn | Ind | Islington North | |||
| — | ||||||
| 50th Parliament (elected: 11 June 1987, first met: 17 June 1987, dissolved: 16 March 1992) | ||||||
| 013 | The Rt Hon Diane Abbott | Ind | Hackney North and Stoke Newington | 11 Jun 1987 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 51st Parliament (elected: 9 April 1992, first met: 27 April 1992, dissolved: 8 April 1997) | ||||||
| — | — | Ind | — | 9 Apr 1992 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 52nd Parliament (elected: 1 May 1997, first met: 7 May 1997, dissolved: 14 May 2001) | ||||||
| 037 | The Rt Hon Sir Jeffrey Donaldson | Ind | Lagan Valley | 1 May 1997 | ||
| 062 | Crispin Blunt | Ind | Reigate | |||
| — | ||||||
| 53rd Parliament (elected: 7 June 2001, first met: 13 June 2001, dissolved: 11 April 2005) | ||||||
| — | — | Ind | — | 7 Jun 2001 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 54th Parliament (elected: 5 May 2005, first met: 11 May 2005, dissolved: 12 April 2010) | ||||||
| 143 | Angus MacNeil | Ind | Na h-Eileanan an Iar | 5 May 2005 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 55th Parliament (elected: 6 May 2010, first met: 18 May 2010, dissolved: 30 March 2015) | ||||||
| 152 | The Rt Hon Bob Stewart | Ind | Beckenham | 6 May 2010 | ||
| 155 | Andrew Bridgen | Ind | North West Leicestershire | |||
| 162 | Geraint Davies | Ind | Swansea West | |||
| 211 | Jonathan Edwards | Ind | Carmarthen East and Dinefwr | |||
| 257 | The Rt Hon Matt Hancock | Ind | West Suffolk | |||
| — | ||||||
| 56th Parliament (elected: 7 May 2015, first met: 18 May 2015, dissolved: 3 May 2017) | ||||||
| 297 | Conor McGinn | Ind | St Helens North | 7 May 2015 | ||
| 335 | The Hon Kate Osamor | Ind | Edmonton | |||
| 384 | Julian Knight | Ind | Solihull | |||
| — | ||||||
| 57th Parliament (elected: 8 June 2017, first met: 13 June 2017, dissolved: 6 November 2019) | ||||||
| 457 | Bambos Charalambous | Ind | Enfield Southgate | 8 Jun 2017 | ||
| 571 | Rob Roberts | Ind | Delyn | |||
| — | ||||||
| 58th Parliament (elected: 12 December 2019, first met: 17 December 2019, dissolved: TBD) | ||||||
| 626 | Claudia Webbe | Ind | Leicester East | 12 Dec 2019 | ||
| — | ||||||
| 59th Parliament (elected: 28 January 2025, first met: TBD, dissolved: TBD) | ||||||
| — | — | Ind | — | 28 Jan 2025 | ||
| — | ||||||
| Rank | Member | Party | Constituency | Elected | ||
| — | ||||||
Commonwealth realms edit
 United Kingdom / Commonwealth realms
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United Kingdom /
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CwRm |
| FVEY |
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FVEY |
| OECD |
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OECD |
| ATPP |
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ATPP |
| — | — |
First Lord of the Treasury / British prime minister edit
| First Lord of the Treasury | British prime minister | Start | End | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Duke of Shrewsbury | — | 1 August 1714 | 13 October 1714 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Halifax | — | 13 October 1714 | 19 May 1715 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Carlisle | — | 23 May 1715 | 10 October 1715 | Whig | |
| Robert Walpole | — | 10 October 1715 | 12 April 1717 | Whig | |
| The Earl Stanhope | — | 12 April 1717 | 21 March 1718 | Whig | |
| The Earl of Sunderland | — | 21 March 1718 | 4 April 1721 | Whig | |
| Robert Walpole | 4 April 1721 | 11 February 1742 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Wilmington | 16 February 1742 | 2 July 1743 | Whig | ||
| Henry Pelham | 27 August 1743 | 10 February 1746 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Bath | Henry Pelham | 10 February 1746 | 12 February 1746 | Whig | |
| Henry Pelham | 12 February 1746 | 6 March 1754 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Newcastle | 16 March 1754 | 16 November 1756 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Devonshire | 16 November 1756 | 8 June 1757 | Whig | ||
| The Earl Waldegrave | The Duke of Devonshire | 8 June 1757 | 12 June 1757 | Whig | |
| The Duke of Devonshire | 12 June 1757 | 29 June 1757 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Newcastle | 2 July 1757 | 26 May 1762 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Bute | 26 May 1762 | 16 April 1763 | Tory | ||
| George Grenville | 16 April 1763 | 13 July 1765 | Whig | ||
| The Marquess of Rockingham | 13 July 1765 | 30 July 1766 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Grafton | The Earl of Chatham | 30 July 1766 | 14 October 1768 | Whig | |
| The Duke of Grafton | 14 October 1768 | 28 January 1770 | Whig | ||
| Lord North | 28 January 1770 | 22 March 1782 | Tory | ||
| The Marquess of Rockingham | 27 March 1782 | 1 July 1782 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Shelburne | 4 July 1782 | 2 April 1783 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Portland | 2 April 1783 | 19 December 1783 | Whig | ||
| William Pitt the Younger | 19 December 1783 | 14 March 1801 | Tory | ||
| Henry Addington | 17 March 1801 | 10 May 1804 | Tory | ||
| William Pitt the Younger | 10 May 1804 | 23 January 1806 | Tory | ||
| The Lord Grenville | 11 February 1806 | 31 March 1807 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Portland | 31 March 1807 | 4 October 1809 | Whig | ||
| Spencer Perceval | 4 October 1809 | 11 May 1812 | Tory | ||
| The Earl of Liverpool | 9 June 1812 | 10 April 1827 | Tory | ||
| George Canning | 10 April 1827 | 8 August 1827 | Tory | ||
| The Viscount Goderich | 31 August 1827 | 22 January 1828 | Tory | ||
| The Duke of Wellington | 22 January 1828 | 22 November 1830 | Tory | ||
| The Earl Grey | 22 November 1830 | 16 July 1834 | Whig | ||
| The Viscount Melbourne | 16 July 1834 | 14 November 1834 | Whig | ||
| The Duke of Wellington | 14 November 1834 | 10 December 1834 | Tory | ||
| Robert Peel | 10 December 1834 | 8 April 1835 | Tory | ||
| The Viscount Melbourne | 18 April 1835 | 30 August 1841 | Whig | ||
| Robert Peel | 30 August 1841 | 29 June 1846 | Conservative | ||
| Lord John Russell | 30 June 1846 | 23 February 1852 | Whig | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 23 February 1852 | 19 December 1852 | Conservative | ||
| The Earl of Aberdeen | 19 December 1852 | 6 February 1855 | Peelite | ||
| The Viscount Palmerston | 6 February 1855 | 20 February 1858 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 20 February 1858 | 12 June 1859 | Conservative | ||
| The Viscount Palmerston | 12 June 1859 | 18 October 1865 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl Russell | 29 October 1865 | 28 June 1866 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Derby | 28 June 1866 | 27 February 1868 | Conservative | ||
| Benjamin Disraeli | 27 February 1868 | 3 December 1868 | Conservative | ||
| William Ewart Gladstone | 3 December 1868 | 20 February 1874 | Liberal | ||
| Benjamin Disraeli | 20 February 1874 | 23 April 1880 | Conservative | ||
| William Ewart Gladstone | 23 April 1880 | 23 June 1885 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Iddesleigh | The Marquess of Salisbury | 29 June 1885 | 1 February 1886 | Conservative | |
| William Ewart Gladstone | 1 February 1886 | 25 July 1886 | Liberal | ||
| The Marquess of Salisbury | 3 August 1886 | 14 January 1887 | Conservative | ||
| William Henry Smith | The Marquess of Salisbury | 14 January 1887 | 6 October 1891 | Conservative | |
| Arthur Balfour | The Marquess of Salisbury | 6 October 1891 | 15 August 1892 | Conservative | |
| William Ewart Gladstone | 15 August 1892 | 5 March 1894 | Liberal | ||
| The Earl of Rosebery | 5 March 1894 | 25 June 1895 | Liberal | ||
| Arthur Balfour | The Marquess of Salisbury | 25 June 1895 | 11 July 1902 | Conservative | |
| Arthur Balfour | 11 July 1902 | 5 December 1905 | Conservative | ||
| Henry Campbell-Bannerman | 5 December 1905 | 3 April 1908 | Liberal | ||
| H. H. Asquith | 8 April 1908 | 5 December 1916 | Liberal | ||
| David Lloyd George | 6 December 1916 | 19 October 1922 | Liberal | ||
| Bonar Law | 23 October 1922 | 20 May 1923 | Conservative | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 22 May 1923 | 22 January 1924 | Conservative | ||
| Ramsay MacDonald | 22 January 1924 | 4 November 1924 | Labour | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 4 November 1924 | 4 June 1929 | Conservative | ||
| Ramsay MacDonald | 5 June 1929 | 7 June 1935 | National Labour | ||
| Stanley Baldwin | 7 June 1935 | 28 May 1937 | Conservative | ||
| Neville Chamberlain | 28 May 1937 | 10 May 1940 | Conservative | ||
| Winston Churchill | 10 May 1940 | 26 July 1945 | Conservative | ||
| Clement Attlee | 26 July 1945 | 26 October 1951 | Labour | ||
| Winston Churchill | 26 October 1951 | 5 April 1955 | Conservative | ||
| Anthony Eden | 6 April 1955 | 9 January 1957 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Macmillan | 10 January 1957 | 18 October 1963 | Conservative | ||
| Alec Douglas-Home | 19 October 1963 | 16 October 1964 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Wilson | 16 October 1964 | 19 June 1970 | Labour | ||
| Edward Heath | 19 June 1970 | 4 March 1974 | Conservative | ||
| Harold Wilson | 4 March 1974 | 5 April 1976 | Labour | ||
| James Callaghan | 5 April 1976 | 4 May 1979 | Labour | ||
| Margaret Thatcher | 4 May 1979 | 28 November 1990 | Conservative | ||
| John Major | 28 November 1990 | 2 May 1997 | Conservative | ||
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 June 2007 | Labour | ||
| Gordon Brown | 27 June 2007 | 11 May 2010 | Labour | ||
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 July 2016 | Conservative | ||
| Theresa May | 13 July 2016 | 24 July 2019 | Conservative | ||
| Boris Johnson | 24 July 2019 | 6 September 2022 | Conservative | ||
| Liz Truss | 6 September 2022 | 25 October 2022 | Conservative | ||
| Rishi Sunak | 25 October 2022 | Incumbent | Conservative | ||
Note that British prime minister The Earl of Chatham never served in the role of
First Lord of the Treasury (with the dates being 30 July 1766 − 14 October 1768).
All Hanoverian era dates correspond to that of the First Lord of the Treasury,
all subsequent dates since then correspond to that of the British prime minister.
Political parties in the UK edit
| — | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Faction | — | |||||||||
| — | Parliamentarians | Royalists | |||||||||
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||||||||
| Party | |||||||||||
| — | Whig | Tory | |||||||||
| Labour | Liberal | Conservative | |||||||||
| Liberal Democrats | |||||||||||
| — | |||||||||||
State funerals in the United Kingdom edit
Cultural depictions of Margaret Thatcher edit
- North Sea Hijack (1980 film) – Faith Brook
- For Your Eyes Only (1981 film) – Janet Brown
- Anyone for Denis? (1982 TV play) – Angela Thorne
- Spitting Image (1984–1996 TV series) – Steve Nallon
- Water (1985 film) – Maureen Lipman
- First Among Equals (Hilary Turner) (1986 TV series) – Paola Dionisotti
- Cinderella: The Shoe Must Go On (1986 TV film) – Steve Nallon
- The New Statesman (1987–1991 TV series) – Steve Nallon
- About Face (1989 TV series) – Maureen Lipman
- The Investigation – Inside a Terrorist Bombing (1990 TV film) – Heather Chasen
- House of Cards (1990 TV serial) – (none)
- Dunrulin (1990 TV film) – Angela Thorne
- Thatcher: The Final Days (1991 TV film) – Sylvia Syms
- To Play the King (1993 TV serial) – (none)
- The Final Cut (1995 TV serial) – (none)
- Half the Picture (1996 TV series) – Sylvia Syms
- Deutschlandspiel (2000) (TV film) – Nicole Heesters
- The Falklands Play (2002 TV docudrama) – Patricia Hodge
- Jeffrey Archer: The Truth (2002 TV film) – Greta Scacchi
- The Alan Clark Diaries (2004 TV series) – Louise Gold
- Pinochet in Suburbia (2006 TV docudrama) – Anna Massey
- The Line of Beauty (2006 TV miniseries) – Kika Markham
- Coup! (2006 TV film) – Caroline Blakiston
- Shades of Black: The Conrad Black Story (2006 TV film) – Elizabeth Shepherd
- I Am Bob (Geldof) (2007 short) – Caroline Bernstein
- Back in Business (2007 film) – Caroline Bernstein
- The Long Walk to Finchley (2008 TV film) – Andrea Riseborough
- Margaret (2009 TV film) – Lindsay Duncan
- The Queen (2009 TV serial) – Lesley Manville
- When Harvey Met Bob (2010 TV film) – Ingrid Craigie
- The Iron Lady (2011 film) – Meryl Streep
- The Hunt for Tony Blair (2011 TV episode) – Jennifer Saunders
- In Search of La Che (2011 film) – Steve Nallon
- The Audience (2013 TV play) – Haydn Gwynne
- Harry & Paul's Story of the 2s (2014 TV film) – Harry Enfield
- Psychobitches (2014 TV series) – Michelle Gomez
- Killing Reagan (2016 film) – Kay Galvin
- The Crown (2020 TV series) – Gillian Anderson
- Stonehouse (2023 TV series) – Devon Black
- Reagan (2023 film) – Lesley-Anne Down
Miscarriage of justice edit
List of miscarriage of justice cases – (in the UK)
- Birmingham Six – (Birmingham pub bombings)
- Guildford Four and Maguire Seven – (Guildford pub bombings)
Category:Attacks on bars in the United Kingdom
Lasting resulted effectiveness edit
- Ginger group
- Coalition Coupon
- Chanak Crisis
- Carlton Club
- Carlton Club meeting
- 1922 Committee
- Statute of Westminster 1931
Error (law) edit
- See also: Category:Legal error and Miscarriage of justice
(saying) ... it's a mistake ...
Atlantic edit
Anglosphere Government leaders edit
(Shown in directional left → centre → right political spectrum order)
Leaders of the UK edit
Key:
Labour
Conservative
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Ramsay MacDonald represented the National Labour Party from 1931–1935 after resigning from the Labour Party in which he represented.
During this time, in MacDonald's place, the Labour Party was represented by Arthur Henderson from 1931–1932, and by George Lansbury from 1932–1935.
They, in turn, were succeeded by Clement Attlee in 1935.
Leaders of Ireland edit
Key:
Fianna Fáil
Fine Gael
Taoiseach shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Thomas Johnson represented the Labour Party from 1922–1927.
W. T. Cosgrave represented the Cumann na nGaedheal Party from 1922–1933.
Mary Lou McDonald has represented the Sinn Féin Party since 2020.
Leaders of Canada edit
Key:
Liberal
Conservative
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Leaders of Australia edit
Key:
Labor
Liberal
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
John McEwen represented the National Party from 1967–1968.
Leaders of New Zealand edit
Key:
Labour
National
Prime Minister shown in bold-type; Leader of the Opposition is not.
Heads of Government edit
PMs & LOs still living edit
| UK | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Neil Kinnock | 
|
|
28 Mar 1942 | |
| John Major |
|
|
29 Mar 1943 | |
| Margaret Beckett |
|
|
15 Jan 1943 | |
| Tony Blair |
|
|
6 May 1953 | |
| William Hague |
|
|
26 Mar 1961 | |
| Iain Duncan Smith |
|
|
9 Apr 1954 | |
| Michael Howard |
|
|
7 Jul 1941 | |
| David Cameron |
|
|
9 Oct 1966 | |
| Gordon Brown |
|
|
20 Feb 1951 | |
| Harriet Harman |
|
|
30 Jul 1950 | |
| Ed Miliband |
|
|
24 Dec 1969 | |
| Jeremy Corbyn |
|
|
26 May 1949 | |
| Theresa May |
|
|
1 Oct 1956 | |
| Boris Johnson |
|
|
19 Jun 1964 | |
| Keir Starmer |
|
|
2 Sep 1962 | |
| Liz Truss |
|
|
26 Jul 1975 | |
| Rishi Sunak |
|
|
12 May 1980 | |
| — | ||||
| Ireland | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Alan Dukes |
|
|
20 Apr 1945 | |
| Bertie Ahern |
|
|
12 Sep 1951 | |
| Michael Noonan |
|
|
21 May 1943 | |
| Enda Kenny |
|
|
24 Apr 1951 | |
| Brian Cowen |
|
|
10 Jan 1960 | |
| Micheál Martin |
|
|
1 Aug 1960 | |
| Leo Varadkar |
|
|
18 Jan 1979 | |
| Mary Lou McDonald |
|
|
1 May 1969 | |
| Simon Harris |
|
|
17 Oct 1986 | |
| — | ||||
| Canada | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Joe Clark |
|
|
5 Jun 1939 | |
| Jean Chrétien |
|
|
11 Jan 1934 | |
| Kim Campbell |
|
|
10 Mar 1947 | |
| Jean Charest |
|
|
24 Jun 1958 | |
| Peter MacKay |
|
|
27 Sep 1965 | |
| Paul Martin |
|
|
28 Aug 1938 | |
| Grant Hill |
|
|
20 Sep 1943 | |
| Stephen Harper |
|
|
30 Apr 1959 | |
| Stéphane Dion |
|
|
28 Sep 1955 | |
| Michael Ignatieff |
|
|
12 May 1947 | |
| Bob Rae |
|
|
2 Aug 1948 | |
| Justin Trudeau |
|
|
25 Dec 1971 | |
| Rona Ambrose |
|
|
15 Mar 1969 | |
| Andrew Scheer |
|
|
20 May 1979 | |
| Erin O'Toole |
|
|
22 Jan 1973 | |
| Candice Bergen |
|
|
28 Sep 1964 | |
| Pierre Poilievre |
|
|
3 Jun 1979 | |
| — | ||||
| Australia | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| John Howard |
|
|
26 Jul 1939 | |
| John Hewson |
|
|
28 Oct 1946 | |
| Paul Keating |
|
|
18 Jan 1944 | |
| Alexander Downer |
|
|
9 Sep 1951 | |
| Kim Beazley |
|
|
14 Dec 1948 | |
| Mark Latham |
|
|
28 Feb 1961 | |
| Kevin Rudd |
|
|
21 Sep 1957 | |
| Brendan Nelson |
|
|
19 Aug 1958 | |
| Malcolm Turnbull |
|
|
24 Oct 1954 | |
| Tony Abbott |
|
|
4 Nov 1957 | |
| Julia Gillard |
|
|
29 Sep 1961 | |
| Chris Bowen |
|
|
17 Jan 1973 | |
| Bill Shorten |
|
|
12 May 1967 | |
| Scott Morrison |
|
|
13 May 1968 | |
| Anthony Albanese |
|
|
2 Mar 1963 | |
| Peter Dutton |
|
|
18 Nov 1970 | |
| — | ||||
| New Zealand | ||||
| Name | PM | LO | Birth date | |
| Jim McLay |
|
|
21 Feb 1945 | |
| Jim Bolger |
|
|
31 May 1935 | |
| Geoffrey Palmer |
|
|
21 Apr 1942 | |
| Helen Clark |
|
|
26 Feb 1950 | |
| Jenny Shipley |
|
|
4 Feb 1952 | |
| Bill English |
|
|
30 Dec 1961 | |
| Don Brash |
|
|
24 Sep 1940 | |
| John Key |
|
|
9 Aug 1961 | |
| Phil Goff |
|
|
22 Jun 1953 | |
| David Shearer |
|
|
28 Jul 1957 | |
| David Cunliffe |
|
|
30 Apr 1963 | |
| David Parker |
|
|
1960 | |
| Andrew Little |
|
|
7 May 1965 | |
| Jacinda Ardern |
|
|
26 Jul 1980 | |
| Simon Bridges |
|
|
12 Oct 1976 | |
| Todd Muller |
|
|
23 Dec 1968 | |
| Judith Collins |
|
|
24 Feb 1959 | |
| Christopher Luxon |
|
|
19 Jul 1970 | |
| Chris Hipkins |
|
|
5 Sep 1978 | |
| — | ||||
Incumbents edit
| UK | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Keir Starmer | LO | 4 Apr 2020 | |
| Rishi Sunak | PM | 24 Oct 2022 | |
| Ireland | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Simon Harris | PM | 24 Mar 2024 | |
| Mary Lou McDonald | LO | 10 Feb 2018 | |
| Canada | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Justin Trudeau | PM | 14 Apr 2013 | |
| Pierre Poilievre | LO | 10 Sep 2022 | |
| Australia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthony Albanese | PM | 30 May 2019 | |
| Peter Dutton | LO | 30 May 2022 | |
| New Zealand | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Chris Hipkins | PM | 22 Jan 2023 | |
| Christopher Luxon | LO | 30 Nov 2021 | |
Anglosphere edit
- See also:
- Book:Anglosphere
Celtic nations edit
Ireland (Éire)
Scotland (Alba)
Wales (Cymru)
Cornwall (Kernow)
Isle of Man (Mannin)
Brittany (Breizh)
List of (Anglospheric) general elections edit
| Year | UK | IE | CA | US | AU | NZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1707 | 1707 | |||||
| 1708 | 1708 | |||||
| 1710 | 1710 | |||||
| 1713 | 1713 | |||||
| 1715 | 1715 | |||||
| 1722 | 1722 | |||||
| 1727 | 1727 | |||||
| 1734 | 1734 | |||||
| 1741 | 1741 | |||||
| 1747 | 1747 | |||||
| 1754 | 1754 | |||||
| 1761 | 1761 | |||||
| 1768 | 1768 | |||||
| 1774 | 1774 | |||||
| 1780 | 1780 | |||||
| 1784 | 1784 | |||||
| 1788 | 1788 | |||||
| 1790 | 1790 | |||||
| 1792 | 1792 | |||||
| 1796 | 1796 | |||||
| 1796 | 1796 | |||||
| 1800 | 1800 | |||||
| 1801 | 1801 | |||||
| 1802 | 1802 | |||||
| 1804 | 1804 | |||||
| 1806 | 1806 | |||||
| 1807 | 1807 | |||||
| 1808 | 1808 | |||||
| 1812 | 1812 | |||||
| 1812 | 1812 | |||||
| 1816 | 1816 | |||||
| 1818 | 1818 | |||||
| 1820 | 1820 | |||||
| 1820 | 1820 | |||||
| 1824 | 1824 | |||||
| 1826 | 1826 | |||||
| 1828 | 1828 | |||||
| 1830 | 1830 | |||||
| 1831 | 1831 | |||||
| 1832 | 1832 | |||||
| 1832 | 1832 | |||||
| 1835 | 1835 | |||||
| 1836 | 1836 | |||||
| 1837 | 1837 | |||||
| 1840 | 1840 | |||||
| 1841 | 1841 | |||||
| 1844 | 1844 | |||||
| 1847 | 1847 | |||||
| 1848 | 1848 | |||||
| 1852 | 1852 | |||||
| 1852 | 1852 | |||||
| 1853 | 1853 | |||||
| 1855 | 1855 | |||||
| 1856 | 1856 | |||||
| 1857 | 1857 | |||||
| 1859 | 1859 | |||||
| 1860 | 1860 | |||||
| 1860 | 1860 | |||||
| 1864 | 1864 | |||||
| 1865 | 1865 | |||||
| 1866 | 1866 | |||||
| 1867 | 1867 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1868 | 1868 | |||||
| 1871 | 1871 | |||||
| 1872 | 1872 | |||||
| 1872 | 1872 | |||||
| 1874 | 1874 | |||||
| 1874 | 1874 | |||||
| 1875 | 1875 | |||||
| 1876 | 1876 | |||||
| 1878 | 1878 | |||||
| 1879 | 1879 | |||||
| 1880 | 1880 | |||||
| 1880 | 1880 | |||||
| 1881 | 1881 | |||||
| 1882 | 1882 | |||||
| 1884 | 1884 | |||||
| 1884 | 1884 | |||||
| 1885 | 1885 | |||||
| 1886 | 1886 | |||||
| 1887 | 1887 | |||||
| 1887 | 1887 | |||||
| 1888 | 1888 | |||||
| 1890 | 1890 | |||||
| 1891 | 1891 | |||||
| 1892 | 1892 | |||||
| 1892 | 1892 | |||||
| 1893 | 1893 | |||||
| 1895 | 1895 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1896 | 1896 | |||||
| 1899 | 1899 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1900 | 1900 | |||||
| 1901 | 1901 | |||||
| 1902 | 1902 | |||||
| 1903 | 1903 | |||||
| 1904 | 1904 | |||||
| 1904 | 1904 | |||||
| 1905 | 1905 | |||||
| 1906 | 1906 | |||||
| 1906 | 1906 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1908 | 1908 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1910 | 1910 | |||||
| 1911 | 1911 | |||||
| 1911 | 1911 | |||||
| 1912 | 1912 | |||||
| 1913 | 1913 | |||||
| 1914 | 1914 | |||||
| 1914 | 1914 | |||||
| 1916 | 1916 | |||||
| 1917 | 1917 | |||||
| 1917 | 1917 | |||||
| 1918 | 1918 | |||||
| 1918 | 1918 | |||||
| 1919 | 1919 | |||||
| 1919 | 1919 | |||||
| 1920 | 1920 | |||||
| 1921 | 1921 | |||||
| 1921 | 1921 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1922 | 1922 | |||||
| 1923 | 1923 | |||||
| 1923 | 1923 | |||||
| 1924 | 1924 | |||||
| 1924 | 1924 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1925 | 1925 | |||||
| 1926 | 1926 | |||||
| 1927 | 1927 | |||||
| 1927 | 1927 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1928 | 1928 | |||||
| 1929 | 1929 | |||||
| 1929 | 1929 | |||||
| 1930 | 1930 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1931 | 1931 | |||||
| 1932 | 1932 | |||||
| 1932 | 1932 | |||||
| 1933 | 1933 | |||||
| 1934 | 1934 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1935 | 1935 | |||||
| 1936 | 1936 | |||||
| 1937 | 1937 | |||||
| 1937 | 1937 | |||||
| 1938 | 1938 | |||||
| 1938 | 1938 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1940 | 1940 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1943 | 1943 | |||||
| 1944 | 1944 | |||||
| 1944 | 1944 | |||||
| 1945 | 1945 | |||||
| 1945 | 1945 | |||||
| 1946 | 1946 | |||||
| 1946 | 1946 | |||||
| 1948 | 1948 | |||||
| 1948 | 1948 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1949 | 1949 | |||||
| 1950 | 1950 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1951 | 1951 | |||||
| 1952 | 1952 | |||||
| 1953 | 1953 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1954 | 1954 | |||||
| 1955 | 1955 | |||||
| 1955 | 1955 | |||||
| 1956 | 1956 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1957 | 1957 | |||||
| 1958 | 1958 | |||||
| 1958 | 1958 | |||||
| 1959 | 1959 | |||||
| 1960 | 1960 | |||||
| 1960 | 1960 | |||||
| 1961 | 1961 | |||||
| 1961 | 1961 | |||||
| 1962 | 1962 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1963 | 1963 | |||||
| 1964 | 1964 | |||||
| 1964 | 1964 | |||||
| 1965 | 1965 | |||||
| 1965 | 1965 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1966 | 1966 | |||||
| 1968 | 1968 | |||||
| 1968 | 1968 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1969 | 1969 | |||||
| 1970 | 1970 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1972 | 1972 | |||||
| 1973 | 1973 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1974 | 1974 | |||||
| 1975 | 1975 | |||||
| 1975 | 1975 | |||||
| 1976 | 1976 | |||||
| 1977 | 1977 | |||||
| 1977 | 1977 | |||||
| 1978 | 1978 | |||||
| 1979 | 1979 | |||||
| 1979 | 1979 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1980 | 1980 | |||||
| 1981 | 1981 | |||||
| 1981 | 1981 | |||||
| 1982 | 1982 | |||||
| 1982 | 1982 | |||||
| 1983 | 1983 | |||||
| 1983 | 1983 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1984 | 1984 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1987 | 1987 | |||||
| 1988 | 1988 | |||||
| 1988 | 1988 | |||||
| 1989 | 1989 | |||||
| 1990 | 1990 | |||||
| 1990 | 1990 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1992 | 1992 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1993 | 1993 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1996 | 1996 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1997 | 1997 | |||||
| 1998 | 1998 | |||||
| 1999 | 1999 | |||||
| 2000 | 2000 | |||||
| 2000 | 2000 | |||||
| 2001 | 2001 | |||||
| 2001 | 2001 | |||||
| 2002 | 2002 | |||||
| 2002 | 2002 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2004 | 2004 | |||||
| 2005 | 2005 | |||||
| 2005 | 2005 | |||||
| 2006 | 2006 | |||||
| 2007 | 2007 | |||||
| 2007 | 2007 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2008 | 2008 | |||||
| 2010 | 2010 | |||||
| 2010 | 2010 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2011 | 2011 | |||||
| 2012 | 2012 | |||||
| 2013 | 2013 | |||||
| 2014 | 2014 | |||||
| 2015 | 2015 | |||||
| 2015 | 2015 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2016 | 2016 | |||||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||||
| 2017 | 2017 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2019 | 2019 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2020 | 2020 | |||||
| 2021 | 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | 2022 | |||||
| 2023 | 2023 | |||||
| 2024 | 2024 | |||||
| 2024 | 2024 | |||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||
| 2025 | 2025 |
Anglospheric Heads of Government timeline (since 2000) edit
Timeline edit
Heads of Government (since WWII) edit
United Kingdom edit
| UK | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Winston Churchill | Since WWII | 26 Jul 1945 |
| Clement Attlee | 26 Jul 1945 | 26 Oct 1951 |
| Winston Churchill | 26 Oct 1951 | 6 Apr 1955 |
| Anthony Eden | 6 Apr 1955 | 10 Jan 1957 |
| Harold Macmillan | 10 Jan 1957 | 19 Oct 1963 |
| Alec Douglas-Home | 19 Oct 1963 | 16 Oct 1964 |
| Harold Wilson | 16 Oct 1964 | 19 Jun 1970 |
| Edward Heath | 19 Jun 1970 | 4 Mar 1974 |
| Harold Wilson | 4 Mar 1974 | 5 Apr 1976 |
| James Callaghan | 5 Apr 1976 | 4 May 1979 |
| Margaret Thatcher | 4 May 1979 | 28 Nov 1990 |
| John Major | 28 Nov 1990 | 2 May 1997 |
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 Jun 2007 |
| Gordon Brown | 27 Jun 2007 | 11 May 2010 |
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 Jul 2016 |
| Theresa May | 13 Jul 2016 | 24 Jul 2019 |
| Boris Johnson | 24 Jul 2019 | 6 Sep 2022 |
| Liz Truss | 6 Sep 2022 | 25 Oct 2022 |
| Rishi Sunak | 25 Oct 2022 | Incumbent |
Ireland edit
| IE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Éamon de Valera | Since WWII | 18 Feb 1948 |
| John A. Costello | 18 Feb 1948 | 13 Jun 1951 |
| Éamon de Valera | 13 Jun 1951 | 2 Jun 1954 |
| John A. Costello | 2 Jun 1954 | 20 Mar 1957 |
| Éamon de Valera | 20 Mar 1957 | 23 Jun 1959 |
| Seán Lemass | 23 Jun 1959 | 10 Nov 1966 |
| Jack Lynch | 10 Nov 1966 | 14 Mar 1973 |
| Liam Cosgrave | 14 Mar 1973 | 5 Jul 1977 |
| Jack Lynch | 5 Jul 1977 | 11 Dec 1979 |
| Charles Haughey | 11 Dec 1979 | 30 Jun 1981 |
| Garret FitzGerald | 30 Jun 1981 | 9 Mar 1982 |
| Charles Haughey | 9 Mar 1982 | 14 Dec 1982 |
| Garret FitzGerald | 14 Dec 1982 | 10 Mar 1987 |
| Charles Haughey | 10 Mar 1987 | 11 Feb 1992 |
| Albert Reynolds | 11 Feb 1992 | 15 Dec 1994 |
| John Bruton | 15 Dec 1994 | 26 Jun 1997 |
| Bertie Ahern | 26 Jun 1997 | 7 May 2008 |
| Brian Cowen | 7 May 2008 | 9 Mar 2011 |
| Enda Kenny | 9 Mar 2011 | 14 Jun 2017 |
| Leo Varadkar | 14 Jun 2017 | 27 Jun 2020 |
| Micheál Martin | 27 Jun 2020 | 17 Dec 2022 |
| Leo Varadkar | 17 Dec 2022 | 09 Apr 2024 |
| Simon Harris | 09 Apr 2024 | Incumbent |
Canada edit
| CA | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| W. L. Mackenzie King | Since WWII | 15 Nov 1948 |
| Louis St. Laurent | 15 Nov 1948 | 21 Jun 1957 |
| John Diefenbaker | 21 Jun 1957 | 22 Apr 1963 |
| Lester B. Pearson | 22 Apr 1963 | 20 Apr 1968 |
| Pierre Trudeau | 20 Apr 1968 | 3 Jun 1979 |
| Joe Clark | 4 Jun 1979 | 2 Mar 1980 |
| Pierre Trudeau | 3 Mar 1980 | 29 Jun 1984 |
| John Turner | 30 Jun 1984 | 16 Sep 1984 |
| Brian Mulroney | 17 Sep 1984 | 24 Jun 1993 |
| Kim Campbell | 25 Jun 1993 | 3 Nov 1993 |
| Jean Chrétien | 4 Nov 1993 | 11 Dec 2003 |
| Paul Martin | 12 Dec 2003 | 5 Feb 2006 |
| Stephen Harper | 6 Feb 2006 | 3 Nov 2015 |
| Justin Trudeau | 4 Nov 2015 | Incumbent |
United States edit
| US | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Since WWII | 12 Apr 1945 |
| Harry S. Truman | 12 Apr 1945 | 20 Jan 1953 |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 20 Jan 1953 | 20 Jan 1961 |
| John F. Kennedy | 20 Jan 1961 | 22 Nov 1963 |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 22 Nov 1963 | 20 Jan 1969 |
| Richard Nixon | 20 Jan 1969 | 9 Aug 1974 |
| Gerald Ford | 9 Aug 1974 | 20 Jan 1977 |
| Jimmy Carter | 20 Jan 1977 | 20 Jan 1981 |
| Ronald Reagan | 20 Jan 1981 | 20 Jan 1989 |
| George H. W. Bush | 20 Jan 1989 | 20 Jan 1993 |
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1993 | 20 Jan 2001 |
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2001 | 20 Jan 2009 |
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 | 20 Jan 2017 |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2017 | 20 Jan 2021 |
| Joe Biden | 20 Jan 2021 | Incumbent |
Australia edit
| AU | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| John Curtin | Since WWII | 5 Jul 1945 |
| Frank Forde | 6 Jul 1945 | 13 Jul 1945 |
| Ben Chifley | 13 Jul 1945 | 19 Dec 1949 |
| Robert Menzies | 19 Dec 1949 | 26 Jan 1966 |
| Harold Holt | 26 Jan 1966 | 19 Dec 1967 |
| John McEwen | 19 Dec 1967 | 10 Jan 1968 |
| John Gorton | 10 Jan 1968 | 10 Mar 1971 |
| William McMahon | 10 Mar 1971 | 5 Dec 1972 |
| Gough Whitlam | 5 Dec 1972 | 11 Nov 1975 |
| Malcolm Fraser | 11 Nov 1975 | 11 Mar 1983 |
| Bob Hawke | 11 Mar 1983 | 20 Dec 1991 |
| Paul Keating | 20 Dec 1991 | 11 Mar 1996 |
| John Howard | 11 Mar 1996 | 3 Dec 2007 |
| Kevin Rudd | 3 Dec 2007 | 24 Jun 2010 |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 |
| Kevin Rudd | 27 Jun 2013 | 18 Sep 2013 |
| Tony Abbott | 18 Sep 2013 | 15 Sep 2015 |
| Malcolm Turnbull | 15 Sep 2015 | 24 Aug 2018 |
| Scott Morrison | 24 Aug 2018 | 23 May 2022 |
| Anthony Albanese | 23 May 2022 | Incumbent |
New Zealand edit
| NZ | ||
|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date |
| Peter Fraser | Since WWII | 13 Dec 1949 |
| Sidney Holland | 13 Dec 1949 | 20 Sep 1957 |
| Keith Holyoake | 20 Sep 1957 | 12 Dec 1957 |
| Walter Nash | 12 Dec 1957 | 12 Dec 1960 |
| Keith Holyoake | 12 Dec 1960 | 7 Feb 1972 |
| Jack Marshall | 7 Feb 1972 | 8 Dec 1972 |
| Norman Kirk | 8 Dec 1972 | 31 Aug 1974 |
| Hugh Watt | 31 Aug 1974 | 6 Sep 1974 |
| Bill Rowling | 6 Sep 1974 | 12 Dec 1975 |
| Robert Muldoon | 12 Dec 1975 | 26 Jul 1984 |
| David Lange | 26 Jul 1984 | 8 Aug 1989 |
| Geoffrey Palmer | 8 Aug 1989 | 4 Sep 1990 |
| Mike Moore | 4 Sep 1990 | 2 Nov 1990 |
| Jim Bolger | 2 Nov 1990 | 8 Dec 1997 |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 5 Dec 1999 |
| Helen Clark | 5 Dec 1999 | 19 Nov 2008 |
| John Key | 19 Nov 2008 | 12 Dec 2016 |
| Bill English | 12 Dec 2016 | 26 Oct 2017 |
| Jacinda Ardern | 26 Oct 2017 | 25 Jan 2023 |
| Chris Hipkins | 25 Jan 2023 | 27 Nov 2023 |
| Christopher Luxon | 27 Nov 2023 | Incumbent |
Heads of Government still living edit
United Kingdom edit
| UK | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| John Major | 28 Nov 1990 | 2 May 1997 | 29 Mar 1943 | 81 years and 29 days |
| Tony Blair | 2 May 1997 | 27 Jun 2007 | 6 May 1953 | 70 years, 11 months and 21 days |
| Gordon Brown | 27 Jun 2007 | 11 May 2010 | 20 Feb 1951 | 73 years, 2 months and 7 days |
| David Cameron | 11 May 2010 | 13 Jul 2016 | 9 Oct 1966 | 57 years, 6 months and 18 days |
| Theresa May | 13 Jul 2016 | 24 Jul 2019 | 1 Oct 1956 | 67 years, 6 months and 26 days |
| Boris Johnson | 24 Jul 2019 | 6 Sep 2022 | 19 Jun 1964 | 59 years, 10 months and 8 days |
| Liz Truss | 6 Sep 2022 | 25 Oct 2022 | 26 Jul 1975 | 48 years, 9 months and 1 day |
| Rishi Sunak | 25 Oct 2022 | Incumbent | 12 May 1980 | 43 years, 11 months and 15 days |
Ireland edit
| IE | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| Bertie Ahern | 26 Jun 1997 | 7 May 2008 | 12 Sep 1951 | 72 years, 7 months and 15 days |
| Brian Cowen | 7 May 2008 | 9 Mar 2011 | 10 Jan 1960 | 64 years, 3 months and 17 days |
| Enda Kenny | 9 Mar 2011 | 14 Jun 2017 | 24 Apr 1951 | 73 years and 3 days |
| Leo Varadkar | 14 Jun 2017 | 27 Jun 2020 | 18 Jan 1979 | 45 years, 3 months and 9 days |
| Micheál Martin | 27 Jun 2020 | 17 Dec 2022 | 1 Aug 1960 | 63 years, 8 months and 26 days |
| Leo Varadkar | 17 Dec 2022 | 09 Apr 2024 | 18 Jan 1979 | 45 years, 3 months and 9 days |
| Simon Harris | 09 Apr 2024 | Incumbent | 17 Oct 1986 | 37 years, 6 months and 10 days |
Canada edit
| CA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| Joe Clark | 4 Jun 1979 | 2 Mar 1980 | 5 Jun 1939 | 84 years, 10 months and 22 days |
| Kim Campbell | 25 Jun 1993 | 3 Nov 1993 | 10 Mar 1947 | 77 years, 1 month and 17 days |
| Jean Chrétien | 4 Nov 1993 | 11 Dec 2003 | 11 Jan 1934 | 90 years, 3 months and 16 days |
| Paul Martin | 12 Dec 2003 | 5 Feb 2006 | 28 Aug 1938 | 85 years, 7 months and 30 days |
| Stephen Harper | 6 Feb 2006 | 3 Nov 2015 | 30 Apr 1959 | 64 years, 11 months and 28 days |
| Justin Trudeau | 4 Nov 2015 | Incumbent | 25 Dec 1971 | 52 years, 4 months and 2 days |
United States edit
| US | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| Jimmy Carter | 20 Jan 1977 | 20 Jan 1981 | 1 Oct 1924 | 99 years, 6 months and 26 days |
| Bill Clinton | 20 Jan 1993 | 20 Jan 2001 | 19 Aug 1946 | 77 years, 8 months and 8 days |
| George W. Bush | 20 Jan 2001 | 20 Jan 2009 | 6 Jul 1946 | 77 years, 9 months and 21 days |
| Barack Obama | 20 Jan 2009 | 20 Jan 2017 | 4 Aug 1961 | 62 years, 8 months and 23 days |
| Donald Trump | 20 Jan 2017 | 20 Jan 2021 | 14 Jun 1946 | 77 years, 10 months and 13 days |
| Joe Biden | 20 Jan 2021 | Incumbent | 20 Nov 1942 | 81 years, 5 months and 7 days |
Australia edit
| AU | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| Paul Keating | 20 Dec 1991 | 11 Mar 1996 | 18 Jan 1944 | 80 years, 3 months and 9 days |
| John Howard | 11 Mar 1996 | 3 Dec 2007 | 26 Jul 1939 | 84 years, 9 months and 1 day |
| Kevin Rudd | 3 Dec 2007 | 24 Jun 2010 | 21 Sep 1957 | 66 years, 7 months and 6 days |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 | 29 Sep 1961 | 62 years, 6 months and 29 days |
| Kevin Rudd | 27 Jun 2013 | 18 Sep 2013 | 21 Sep 1957 | 66 years, 7 months and 6 days |
| Tony Abbott | 18 Sep 2013 | 15 Sep 2015 | 4 Nov 1957 | 66 years, 5 months and 23 days |
| Malcolm Turnbull | 15 Sep 2015 | 24 Aug 2018 | 24 Oct 1954 | 69 years, 6 months and 3 days |
| Scott Morrison | 24 Aug 2018 | 23 May 2022 | 13 May 1968 | 55 years, 11 months and 14 days |
| Anthony Albanese | 23 May 2022 | Incumbent | 2 Mar 1963 | 61 years, 1 month and 25 days |
New Zealand edit
| NZ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of Government | Start date | End date | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 |
| Geoffrey Palmer | 8 Aug 1989 | 4 Sep 1990 | 21 Apr 1942 | 82 years and 6 days |
| Jim Bolger | 2 Nov 1990 | 8 Dec 1997 | 31 May 1935 | 88 years, 10 months and 27 days |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 5 Dec 1999 | 4 Feb 1952 | 72 years, 2 months and 23 days |
| Helen Clark | 5 Dec 1999 | 19 Nov 2008 | 26 Feb 1950 | 74 years, 2 months and 1 day |
| John Key | 19 Nov 2008 | 12 Dec 2016 | 9 Aug 1961 | 62 years, 8 months and 18 days |
| Bill English | 12 Dec 2016 | 26 Oct 2017 | 30 Dec 1961 | 62 years, 3 months and 28 days |
| Jacinda Ardern | 26 Oct 2017 | 25 Jan 2023 | 26 Jul 1980 | 43 years, 9 months and 1 day |
| Chris Hipkins | 25 Jan 2023 | 27 Nov 2023 | 5 Sep 1978 | 45 years, 7 months and 22 days |
| Christopher Luxon | 27 Nov 2023 | Incumbent | 19 Jul 1970 | 53 years, 9 months and 8 days |
Female party leaders, PMs & LOs edit
| Name | Date(s) as Party Leader | Position | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margaret Thatcher | 11 Feb 1975 | 28 Nov 1990 | LO 11 Feb 1975 – 4 May 1979 PM 4 May 1979 – 28 Nov 1990 |
Conservative | UK | |
| Theresa May | 11 Jul 2016 | 23 Jul 2019 | PM 13 Jul 2016 – 24 Jul 2019 | Conservative | UK | |
| Liz Truss | 5 Sep 2022 | 24 Oct 2022 | PM 6 Sep 2022 – 25 Oct 2022 | Conservative | UK | |
| Margaret Beckett | 12 May 1994 | 21 Jul 1994 | LO 12 May 1994 – 21 Jul 1994 | Labour | UK | |
| Harriet Harman | 11 May 2010 8 May 2015 |
25 Sep 2010 12 Sep 2015 |
LO 11 May 2010 – 25 Sep 2010 LO 8 May 2015 – 12 Sep 2015 |
Labour | UK | |
| Mary Lou McDonald | 10 Feb 2018 | Incumbent | LO 27 Jun 2020 – present | Sinn Féin | IE | |
| Kim Campbell | 13 Jun 1993 | 13 Dec 1993 | PM 25 Jun 1993 – 4 Nov 1993 | Conservative | CA | |
| Elsie Wayne | 4 Apr 1998 | 13 Nov 1998 | LO 4 Apr 1998 – 13 Nov 1998 | Conservative | CA | |
| Rona Ambrose | 5 Nov 2015 | 27 May 2017 | LO 5 Nov 2015 – 27 May 2017 | Conservative | CA | |
| Candice Bergen | 2 Feb 2022 | 10 Sep 2022 | LO 2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022 | Conservative | CA | |
| Julia Gillard | 24 Jun 2010 | 27 Jun 2013 | PM 24 Jun 2010 – 27 Jun 2013 | Labor | AU | |
| Helen Clark | 1 Dec 1993 | 19 Nov 2008 | LO 1 Dec 1993 – 10 Dec 1999 PM 10 Dec 1999 – 19 Nov 2008 |
Labour | NZ | |
| Jacinda Ardern | 1 Aug 2017 | 22 Jan 2023 | LO 1 Aug 2017 – 26 Oct 2017 PM 26 Oct 2017 – 25 Jan 2023 |
Labour | NZ | |
| Jenny Shipley | 8 Dec 1997 | 8 Oct 2001 | PM 8 Dec 1997 – 10 Dec 1999 LO 10 Dec 1999 – 8 Oct 2001 |
National | NZ | |
| Judith Collins | 14 Jul 2020 | 25 Nov 2021 | LO 14 Jul 2020 – 25 Nov 2021 | National | NZ | |
A11 12 female Canadian Supreme Court justices edit
- Bertha Wilson
- Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
- Beverley McLachlin
- Louise Arbour
- Marie Deschamps
- Rosalie Abella
- Louise Charron
- Andromache Karakatsanis
- Suzanne Côté
- Sheilah Martin
- Michelle O'Bonsawin
- Mary Moreau
Note: Bold denotes Chief Justice of Canada
All six female U.S. Supreme Court justices edit
- Sandra Day O'Connor
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg
- Sonia Sotomayor
- Elena Kagan
- Amy Coney Barrett
- Ketanji Brown Jackson
Presidential party candidates still living edit
| Name | Birth date | Age as of 27 April 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jimmy Carter | October 1, 1924 | 99 years, 6 months and 26 days | |
| Michael Dukakis | November 3, 1933 | 90 years, 5 months and 24 days | |
| Bill Clinton | August 19, 1946 | 77 years, 8 months and 8 days | |
| Al Gore | March 31, 1948 | 76 years and 27 days | |
| George W. Bush | July 6, 1946 | 77 years, 9 months and 21 days | |
| John Kerry | December 11, 1943 | 80 years, 4 months and 16 days | |
| Barack Obama | August 4, 1961 | 62 years, 8 months and 23 days | |
| Mitt Romney | March 12, 1947 | 77 years, 1 month and 15 days | |
| Hillary Clinton | October 26, 1947 | 76 years, 6 months and 1 day | |
| Donald Trump | June 14, 1946 | 77 years, 10 months and 13 days | |
| Joe Biden | November 20, 1942 | 81 years, 5 months and 7 days | |
Note: Presidents are shown in bold.
Presidential and Vice Presidential party candidates edit
(Since 1976)
| Party candidates | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | |||
| 1976 | Jimmy Carter | ||
| 1980 | Jimmy Carter | ||
| 1980 | |||
| 1984 | |||
| 1984 | |||
| 1988 | Michael Dukakis | ||
| 1988 | Dan Quayle | ||
| 1992 | Dan Quayle | ||
| 1992 | Bill Clinton | Al Gore | |
| 1996 | Bill Clinton | Al Gore | |
| 1996 | |||
| 2000 | Al Gore | ||
| 2000 | George W. Bush | Dick Cheney | |
| 2004 | George W. Bush | Dick Cheney | |
| 2004 | John Kerry | John Edwards | |
| 2008 | Sarah Palin | ||
| 2008 | Barack Obama | Joe Biden | |
| 2012 | Barack Obama | Joe Biden | |
| 2012 | Mitt Romney | Paul Ryan | |
| 2016 | Hillary Clinton | Tim Kaine | |
| 2016 | Donald Trump | Mike Pence | |
| 2020 | Donald Trump | Mike Pence | |
| 2020 | Joe Biden | Kamala Harris | |
| 2024 | Joe Biden | Kamala Harris | |
| 2024 | Donald Trump | ||
Note:
- Winning candidates shown in bold
(Name)= deceased
List of United States major party presidential tickets edit
Key:
Winning ticket shown in bold.
First / Second ~ ladies and gents of the U.S. edit
List of United States major party presidential tickets edit
Key:
Winning ticket of first / second ~ ladies and gents shown in bold.
All edit
Key:
Winning ticket shown in bold.
From Vice President to President edit
Never in history has an individual completed a full eight years as vice
president, then another full eight years as president. Not yet, anyway.
Political parties edit
UK Labour
UK Conservative
IE Fianna Fáil
IE Fine Gael
CA Liberal
CA Conservative
AU Labor
AU Liberal
NZ Labour
NZ National
United States edit
United States presidential election edit
Key:
Independent
Federalist
Democratic-Republican
National Republican
Whig
Democratic
Republican
Presidents are shown in bold.
Electoral College vs. Popular Vote edit
| Year | Popular Vote winner | Electoral College winner | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1824 | Andrew Jackson | John Quincy Adams | ||
| 1876 | Samuel J. Tilden | Rutherford B. Hayes | ||
| 1888 | Grover Cleveland | Benjamin Harrison | ||
| 2000 | Al Gore | George W. Bush | ||
| 2016 | Hillary Clinton | Donald Trump | ||
See [here], also ...
| Year | Electoral College winner | Popular Vote winner | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | John F. Kennedy | Richard Nixon | ||
... and [here], too.
| United States Electoral College | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| House of Representatives | = | 435 | ||
| United States Senate | = | 100 | ||
| Washington, D.C. | = | 003 | ||
| Total | = | 538 | ||
| (Electors) | ||||
- List of 2000 United States presidential electors
- List of 2004 United States presidential electors
- List of 2008 United States presidential electors
- List of 2012 United States presidential electors
- List of 2016 United States presidential electors
- List of 2020 United States presidential electors
- List of 2024 United States presidential electors
U.S. presidential election edit
2020 edit
- Tuesday, November 3, 2020 – Election Day
- Monday, December 14, 2020 – Electors cast their electoral votes
- Wednesday, January 6, 2021 – Congress counts and certifies the electoral votes
- Wednesday, January 20, 2021 – Inauguration Day
2024 edit
- Tuesday, November 5, 2024 – Election Day
- Tuesday, December 17, 2024 – Electors cast their electoral votes
- Monday, January 6, 2025 – Congress counts and certifies the electoral votes
- Monday, January 20, 2025 – Inauguration Day
Personally for me, it doesn't matter who wins or not; though it is rather unfortunate
that the popular vote and the electoral vote are not in harmony with one another.
Divided government in the United States edit
Party divisions of United States Congresses edit
Key:
D – Democratic Party R – Republican Party
Founding Fathers of the United States edit
Fathers of Confederation edit
Totals edit
Founding Fathers of the United States edit
147 total, including secretary Jackson.
Fathers of Confederation edit
37 total, including secretary Bernard.
Templates edit
American Revolution edit
Elections in Canada edit
Popular Vote winners losing the election edit
| Popular Vote | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | Year | Loser | ||||
| Charles Tupper | 1896 | Wilfrid Laurier | ||||
| Arthur Meighen | 1926 | W. L. Mackenzie King | ||||
| Louis St. Laurent | 1957 | John Diefenbaker | ||||
| Pierre Trudeau | 1979 | Joe Clark | ||||
| Andrew Scheer | 2019 | Justin Trudeau | ||||
| Erin O'Toole | 2021 | Justin Trudeau | ||||
| Election winner shown in bold | ||||||
Avalon / St. John's edit
| St. John's West (1949–2003) |
St. John's East (since 1949) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avalon (since 2003) |
St. John's South—Mount Pearl (2003–2023) | |||||
| Cape Spear (since 2023) | ||||||
- Some websites
Avonlea and Avalon edit
- Avonlea (fictional) is located on the northern shore of Prince Edward Island on a small peninsula. It is generally reckoned to be identifiable with Cavendish.
- Avalon is a large peninsula that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland. It is the location of Cape Spear, the eastern-most point in Canada.
Not to be confused with the Saskatchewan locales edit
North America's eastern-most points edit
- Nordostrundingen, Northeast Greenland National Park, Greenland – most easterly point of land relative to either of the Americas (North and South America)
- Cape Spear, Avalon, Newfoundland (NL), Canada – eastern-most point in Canada and North America (excluding Greenland)
- Cape St. Charles, Labrador (Peninsula) (NL), Canada – eastern-most point of continental Canada and continental North America (excluding Greenland)
Châtelaine of Rideau Hall edit
- Jan 28, 1952 – Feb 06, 1952 – Georgine Rinfret (née Rolland) – (acting châtelaine)
- Feb 06, 1952 – Feb 28, 1952 – Georgine Rinfret (née Rolland) – (acting châtelaine)
- Feb 28, 1952 – Sep 15, 1959 – Lilias Massey (née Ahearn)[1] – (acting châtelaine)
- Sep 15, 1959 – Mar 05, 1967 – Pauline Vanier (née Archer)[2]
- Mar 05, 1967 – Apr 17, 1967 – Ellen Taschereau (née Donohue) – (acting châtelaine)
- Apr 17, 1967 – Jan 14, 1974 – Norah Michener (née Willis)[3]
- Jan 14, 1974 – Jan 22, 1979 – Gabrielle Léger (née Carmel)[4]
- Jan 22, 1979 – May 14, 1984 – Lily Schreyer (née Schulz)[5]
- May 14, 1984 – Jan 29, 1990 – (none)
- Jan 29, 1990 – Feb 08, 1995 – Gerda Hnatyshyn (née Andreasen)[6]
- Feb 08, 1995 – Oct 07, 1999 – Diana LeBlanc (née Fowler)[7]
- Oct 07, 1999 – Sep 27, 2005 – (none)
- Sep 27, 2005 – Oct 01, 2010 – (none)
- Oct 01, 2010 – Oct 02, 2017 – Sharon Johnston (née Downey)[8]
- Oct 02, 2017 – Jan 22, 2021 – (none)
- Jan 22, 2021 – Jul 26, 2021 – Catherine Wagner (née Mandeville)[9] – (acting châtelaine)
- Jul 26, 2021 – Sep 08, 2022 – (none)
- Sep 08, 2022 – present – (none)
- ^ "Vincent Massey > Lilias Massey". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Georges Vanier > Pauline Vanier". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Roland Michener > Norah Michener". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Jules Léger > Gabrielle Léger". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Edward Schreyer > Lily Schreyer". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Ramon Hnatyshyn > Gerda Hnatyshyn". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Romeo LeBlanc > Diana LeBlanc". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "David Johnston > Sharon Johnston". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
- ^ "Richard Wagner > Catherine Wagner". gg.ca. 2023-12-01. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
In Canada, the wife of the Governor General (the Viceregal consort of Canada), is referred to by the nominal and symbolic title "Châtelaine of Rideau Hall", in diplomatic and ceremonial protocol for Canadian and British government ceremonies and special events.[1]
Notes edit
- ^ Soley, Norman (July 16, 2016). "What do Canadians mean by "Chatelaine of Rideau Hall"?". Quora. Retrieved 2018-05-01.
(Quote start) – "Chatelaine of Rideau Hall" is a nominal and symbolic title with no legal standing that is used in diplomatic and ceremonial protocol for Canadian and British government ceremonies and special events like the opening of Parliament, investiture ceremonies such as the Order of Canada, medal ceremonies for the military, royal visits and diplomatic visits by foreign heads of state. It refers to the female spouse of the Governor General who is also titled the viceregal consort. If the Governor General is a woman then the title "Chatelaine" is not used. – (Quote end)
- See also
Provinces and territories of Canada edit
Governor General of Canada edit
| — | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Canada | — | |||
| |||||
| Governors General of Canada | |||||
| — | 1952–1959 | Vincent Massey | — | ||
| 1959–1967 | Georges Vanier | ||||
| 1967–1974 | Roland Michener | ||||
| 1974–1979 | Jules Léger | ||||
| 1979–1984 | Edward Schreyer | ||||
| 1984–1990 | Jeanne Sauvé | ||||
| 1990–1995 | Ray Hnatyshyn | ||||
| 1995–1999 | Roméo LeBlanc | ||||
| 1999–2005 | Adrienne Clarkson | ||||
| 2005–2010 | Michaëlle Jean | ||||
| 2010–2017 | David Johnston | ||||
| 2017–2021 | Julie Payette | ||||
| 2021– | Mary Simon | ||||
| — | |||||
| — | |||||
Commissioner (Canada) edit
| Commissioner § Canadian territories | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 YT
|
 NT
|
 NU
| |||||||
.png){kind=small}
| |||||||||
Lieutenant Governor (Canada) edit
| Lieutenant Governor § Canadian provinces | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 BC
|
 AB
|
 SK
|
 MB
|
 ON
|
 QC
|
 NB
|
 NS
|
 PE
|
 NL
|
|
| |||||||||
see also → here
and also → here
Canada edit
Provinces and territories of Canada edit
(Since Feb 6, 1952)
Anglosphere edit
Country and effective date of recognition as an independent country
| United Kingdom | 1 May 1707 |
|---|---|
| Ireland | 6 December 1922 |
| Canada | 1 July 1867 |
| United States | 12 May 1784 |
| Australia | 1 January 1901 |
| New Zealand | 10 December 1947 |
(United Kingdom initially as Great Britain)
World Wars (Europe) edit
World War I edit
Entente Powers edit
| — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | (1894) Dual Entente (Franco-Russian Entente) | (1904) Entente Cordiale | (1907) Anglo-Russian Entente | — |
| (1907) Triple Entente | ||||
| (1914) Quadruple Entente (Entente Powers) | ||||
| — | ||||
Central Powers edit
| — | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | (1879) Dual Alliance | (1914) German–Ottoman alliance | (1915) German–Bulgarian alliance | — |
| (1914) Quadruple Alliance (Central Powers) | ||||
| — | ||||
World War II edit
Allied Powers edit
| — | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | (1907) Triple Entente | — |
| (1939) Allies | ||
| — | ||
Axis Powers edit
| — | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | (1882) Triple Alliance (Axis) – (Austria remained neutral) | — |
| (1936) Axis | ||
| — | ||
World War II edit
| — | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — | European theatre of World War II | — | |
| Western Front | Eastern Front | ||
| — | |||
Reunification edit
| Ireland | |
|---|---|
| Republic of Ireland | Northern Ireland |
| (Reunification) | |
| Germany | |
|---|---|
| West Germany | East Germany |
| (Reunification) | |
Currency edit
| US | CA | UK | EU | AU | NZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1¢ | 1p | 1c | |||
| — | — | 2p | 2c | ||
| 5¢ | 5¢ | 5p | 5c | 5c | |
| 10¢ | 10¢ | 10p | 10c | 10c | 10c |
| — | — | 20p | 20c | 20c | 20c |
| 25¢ | 25¢ | — | — | — | |
| 50¢ | 50¢ | 50p | 50c | 50c | 50c |
| $1 | $1 | £1 | €1 | $1 | $1 |
| — | $2 | £2 | €2 | $2 | $2 |
Faroe Islands edit
(06 July 1816 – 31 March 1948)
| Prefects of the Faroe Islands | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Term | Prefect | (Born–Died) | — |
| 1816–1828 | Emilius Marius Georgius Løbner | (1766–1849) | ||
| 1828–1830 | Christian Ludvig Tillisch | (1797–1844) | ||
| 1830–1837 | Frederik Ferdinand Tillisch | (1801–1889) | ||
| 1837–1848 | Christian Pløyen | (1803–1867) | ||
| 1849–1862 | Carl Emil Dahlerup | (1813–1890) | ||
| 1862–1871 | Peter Holten | (1816–1897) | ||
| 1871–1885 | Hannes Kristján Steingrímur Finsen | (1828–1892) | ||
| 1885–1897 | Lorentz Høyer Buchwaldt | (1841–1933) | ||
| 1897–1911 | Christian Baerentsen | (1862–1944) | ||
| 1911–1918 | Svenning Krag Nielsen Rytter | (1875–1957) | ||
| 1918–1920 | Victor Stahlschmidt | (1884–1920) | ||
| 1920–1929 | Elias Olrik | (1885–1975) | ||
| 1929–1936 | Hjalmar Ringberg | (1889–1978) | ||
| 1936–1945 | Carl Aage Hilbert | (1899–1953) | ||
| 1945–1948 | Cai Andrias Vagn-Hansen | (1911–1990) | ||
| (Succeeded by High Commissioner of the Faroe Islands) | ||||
(Since 01 April 1948)
Greenland edit
(01 June 1950 – 30 April 1979)
| Governors of Greenland | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | Term | Governor | (Born–Died) | — |
| 1950–1955 | Poul Hugo Lundsteen | (1910–1988) | ||
| 1955–1956 | Niels Otto Christensen | (1917–2003) | ||
| 1956–1960 | Poul Hugo Lundsteen | (1910–1988) | ||
| 1960–1963 | Finn Carsten Nielsen | (1913–1995) | ||
| 1963–1973 | Niels Otto Christensen | (1917–2003) | ||
| 1973–1979 | Hans Jacob Lassen | (1926–2011) | ||
| (Succeeded by High Commissioner of Greenland) | ||||
(Since 01 May 1979)
| Politics of Greenland | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Premier | High Commissioner | Monarch | |||||||||
| 1979–1991 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Torben Hede Pedersen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1991–1992 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Torben Hede Pedersen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1992–1995 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Steen Spore | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1995–1997 | Lars-Emil Johansen | Gunnar Martens | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 1997–2002 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Gunnar Martens | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2002–2002 | Jonathan Motzfeldt | Peter Lauritzen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2002–2005 | Hans Enoksen | Peter Lauritzen | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2005–2009 | Hans Enoksen | Søren Hald Møller | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2009–2011 | Kuupik Kleist | Søren Hald Møller | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2011–2013 | Kuupik Kleist | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2013–2014 | Aleqa Hammond | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2014–2021 | Kim Kielsen | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2021–2022 | Múte Bourup Egede | Mikaela Engell | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2022–2024 | Múte Bourup Egede | Julie Præst Wilche | Margrethe II | |||||||||
| 2024–present | Múte Bourup Egede | Julie Præst Wilche | Frederik X | |||||||||
| — | ||||||||||||
Canada edit
(Since 11 Dec 1931)
United States / Mexico edit
Mexico edit
Politics of Mexico edit
.svg){kind=logo}
.svg){kind=logo}
.svg){kind=small}
Mexico City edit
- (1940–1946) – Javier Rojo Gómez
- (1946–1952) – Fernando Casas Germán
- (1952–1966) – Ernesto Uruchurtu
- (1966–1970) – Alfonso Corona del Rosal
- (1970–1971) – Alfonso Martínez Domínguez
- (1971–1976) – Octavio Gómez Senties
- (1976–1982) – Carlos Hank González
- (1982–1988) – Ramón Aguirre Velázquez
- (1988–1993) – Manuel Camacho Solís
- (1993–1994) – Manuel Aguilera Gómez
- (1994–1997) – Óscar Espinosa Villarreal
- (1997–1999) – Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
- (1999–2000) – Rosario Robles
- (2000–2005) – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- (2005–2006) – Alejandro Encinas Rodríguez
- (2006–2012) – Marcelo Ebrard
- (2012–2018) – Miguel Ángel Mancera
- (2018–2018) – José Ramón Amieva
- (2018–2023) – Claudia Sheinbaum
- (2023–2024) – Martí Batres
Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) edit
 Japan | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_Flag.svg){kind=small} Leaders of the Liberal Democratic Party |
 Prime ministers of Japan | ||||||||||
| Name (Birth–death) |
Constituency / title | Took office | Left office | Name | Term start | Term end | |||||
| Ichirō Hatoyama (1883–1959)
|
Rep for Tokyo 1st |
5 April 1956 | 14 December 1956 | (same) | 5 April 1956 | 23 December 1956 | |||||
| Tanzan Ishibashi (1884–1973)
|
Rep for Shizuoka 2nd |
14 December 1956 | 21 March 1957 | (same) | 23 December 1956 | 25 February 1957 | |||||
| Nobusuke Kishi (1896–1987)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 1st |
21 March 1957 | 14 July 1960 | (same) | 25 February 1957 | 19 July 1960 | |||||
| Hayato Ikeda (1899–1965)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 2nd |
14 July 1960 | 1 December 1964 | (same) | 19 July 1960 | 9 November 1964 | |||||
| Eisaku Satō (1901–1975)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 2nd |
1 December 1964 | 5 July 1972 | (same) | 9 November 1964 | 7 July 1972 | |||||
| Kakuei Tanaka (1918–1993)
|
Rep for Niigata 3rd |
5 July 1972 | 4 December 1974 | (same) | 7 July 1972 | 9 December 1974 | |||||
| Takeo Miki (1907–1988)
|
Rep for Tokushima At-large |
4 December 1974 | 23 December 1976 | (same) | 9 December 1974 | 24 December 1976 | |||||
| Takeo Fukuda (1905–1995)
|
Rep for Gunma 3rd |
23 December 1976 | 1 December 1978 | (same) | 24 December 1976 | 7 December 1978 | |||||
| Masayoshi Ōhira (1910–1980) (Died in office)
|
Rep for Kagawa 2nd |
1 December 1978 | 12 June 1980 | (same) | 7 December 1978 | 12 June 1980 | |||||
| Eiichi Nishimura (1897–1987) Acting |
Rep for Ōita 2nd |
12 June 1980 | 15 July 1980 | Masayoshi Ito (1913–1994) Acting |
12 June 1980 | 17 July 1980 | |||||
| Zenkō Suzuki (1911–2004)
|
Rep for Iwate 1st |
15 July 1980 | 25 November 1982 | (same) | 17 July 1980 | 27 November 1982 | |||||
| Yasuhiro Nakasone (1918–2019)
|
Rep for Gunma 3rd |
25 November 1982 | 31 October 1987 | (same) | 27 November 1982 | 6 November 1987 | |||||
| Noboru Takeshita (1924–2000)
|
Rep for Shimane At-large |
31 October 1987 | 2 June 1989 | (same) | 6 November 1987 | 3 June 1989 | |||||
| Sōsuke Uno (1922–1998)
|
Rep for Shiga At-large |
2 June 1989 | 8 August 1989 | (same) | 3 June 1989 | 10 August 1989 | |||||
| Toshiki Kaifu (1931–2022)
|
Rep for Aichi 3rd |
8 August 1989 | 30 October 1991 | (same) | 10 August 1989 | 5 November 1991 | |||||
| Kiichi Miyazawa (1919–2007)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 3rd |
30 October 1991 | 29 July 1993 | (same) | 5 November 1991 | 9 August 1993 | |||||
| Yōhei Kōno (b. 1937) — |
Rep for Kanagawa 5th |
29 July 1993 | 1 October 1995 | Morihiro Hosokawa (b. 1938)
|
9 August 1993 | 28 April 1994 | |||||
| Tsutomu Hata (1935–2017)
|
28 April 1994 | 30 June 1994 | |||||||||
| Tomiichi Murayama (b. 1924)
|
30 June 1994 | 11 January 1996 | |||||||||
| Ryutaro Hashimoto (1937–2006)
|
Rep for Okayama 4th |
1 October 1995 | 24 July 1998 | (same) | 11 January 1996 | 30 July 1998 | |||||
| Keizō Obuchi (1937–2000)
|
Rep for Gunma 5th |
24 July 1998 | 5 April 2000 | (same) | 30 July 1998 | 5 April 2000 | |||||
| Yoshirō Mori (b. 1937)
|
Rep for Ishikawa 2nd |
5 April 2000 | 24 April 2001 | (same) | 5 April 2000 | 26 April 2001 | |||||
| Junichiro Koizumi (b. 1942)
|
Rep for Kanagawa 11th |
24 April 2001 | 20 September 2006 | (same) | 26 April 2001 | 26 September 2006 | |||||
| Shinzo Abe (1954–2022)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 4th |
20 September 2006 | 26 September 2007 | (same) | 26 September 2006 | 26 September 2007 | |||||
| Yasuo Fukuda (b. 1936)
|
Rep for Gunma 4th |
26 September 2007 | 22 September 2008 | (same) | 26 September 2007 | 24 September 2008 | |||||
| Tarō Asō (b. 1940)
|
Rep for Fukuoka 8th |
22 September 2008 | 28 September 2009 | (same) | 24 September 2008 | 16 September 2009 | |||||
| Sadakazu Tanigaki (b. 1945) — |
Rep for Kyoto 5th |
28 September 2009 | 26 September 2012 | Yukio Hatoyama (b. 1947)
|
16 September 2009 | 8 June 2010 | |||||
| Naoto Kan (b. 1946)
|
8 June 2010 | 2 September 2011 | |||||||||
| Yoshihiko Noda (b. 1957)
|
2 September 2011 | 26 December 2012 | |||||||||
| Shinzo Abe (1954–2022)
|
Rep for Yamaguchi 4th |
26 September 2012 | 14 September 2020 | (same) | 26 December 2012 | 16 September 2020 | |||||
| Yoshihide Suga (b. 1948)
|
Rep for Kanagawa 2nd |
14 September 2020 | 29 September 2021 | (same) | 16 September 2020 | 4 October 2021 | |||||
| Fumio Kishida (b. 1957)
|
Rep for Hiroshima 1st |
29 September 2021 | Incumbent | (same) | 4 October 2021 | Incumbent | |||||
| denotes Prime Minister of Japan
|
|||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
Note: In 1980, Masayoshi Ito was acting prime minister while Eiichi Nishimura was acting LDP leader.
Line of succession to the former Sun Throne of Qajar Persia edit
Qajar dynasty edit
Quli Khan Qajar (1666–1694)
- Fath-Ali Khan Qajar (1686–1726)
- Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar (1715–1759)
- Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar (1745–1777)
- Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (1772–1834)
- Abbas Mirza Qajar (1789–1833)
- Mohammad Shah Qajar (1808–1848)
- Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1831–1896)
- Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar (1853–1907)
- Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar (1872–1925)
- Muhammad Hassan Mirza Qajar (1899–1943)
- Hamid Mirza Qajar (1918–1988)
Muhammad Hassan Mirza II Qajar (born 1949)
(1) Arsalan Mirza Qajar (born 1980)
- Prince Sultan Mahmud Mirza (1905–1988)
- (2) Prince Muhammad Ali Mirza (born 1942)
Note: – The Persian Constitution of 1906 set out the succession for princes whose
mother is a Qajar princess of Persian descent. Only males are allowed to succeed.
Iran edit
Key:
Reformist (left-wing)
Principlist (right-wing)
| Iran | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Supreme Leader | Term | President | Term | Vice President | Term | Chief Justice | |||||||||
| 1981–1983 | Ruhollah Khomeini (since 1979) |
1981–1983 | Ali Khamenei | 1981–1983 | Mir-Hossein Mousavi (as Prime Minister) |
1981–1983 | Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili | |||||||||
| 1983–1985 | 1983–1985 | 1983–1985 | 1983–1985 | |||||||||||||
| 1985–1987 | 1985–1987 | 1985–1987 | 1985–1987 | |||||||||||||
| 1987–1989 | 1987–1989 | 1987–1989 | 1987–1989 | |||||||||||||
| 1989–1991 | Ali Khamenei (since 1989) |
1989–1991 | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani | 1989–1991 | Hassan Habibi | 1989–1991 | Mohammad Yazdi | |||||||||
| 1991–1993 | 1991–1993 | 1991–1993 | 1991–1993 | |||||||||||||
| 1993–1995 | 1993–1995 | 1993–1995 | 1993–1995 | |||||||||||||
| 1995–1997 | 1995–1997 | 1995–1997 | 1995–1997 | |||||||||||||
| 1997–1999 | 1997–1999 | Mohammad Khatami | 1997–1999 | 1997–1999 | ||||||||||||
| 1999–2001 | 1999–2001 | 1999–2001 | 1999–2001 | Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi | ||||||||||||
| 2001–2003 | 2001–2003 | 2001–2003 | Mohammad Reza Aref | 2001–2003 | ||||||||||||
| 2003–2005 | 2003–2005 | 2003–2005 | 2003–2005 | |||||||||||||
| 2005–2007 | 2005–2007 | Mahmoud Ahmadinejad | 2005–2007 | Parviz Davoodi | 2005–2007 | |||||||||||
| 2007–2009 | 2007–2009 | 2007–2009 | 2007–2009 | |||||||||||||
| 2009–2011 | 2009–2011 | 2009–2011 | Mohammad Reza Rahimi | 2009–2011 | Sadeq Larijani | |||||||||||
| 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | 2011–2013 | |||||||||||||
| 2013–2015 | 2013–2015 | Hassan Rouhani | 2013–2015 | Eshaq Jahangiri | 2013–2015 | |||||||||||
| 2015–2017 | 2015–2017 | 2015–2017 | 2015–2017 | |||||||||||||
| 2017–2019 | 2017–2019 | 2017–2019 | 2017–2019 | |||||||||||||
| 2019–2021 | 2019–2021 | 2019–2021 | 2019–2021 | Ebrahim Raisi | ||||||||||||
| 2021–2023 | 2021–2023 | Ebrahim Raisi | 2021–2023 | Mohammad Mokhber | 2021–2023 | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i | ||||||||||
| 2023–2025 | 2023–2025 | 2023–2025 | 2023–2025 | |||||||||||||
| 2025–2027 | 2025–2027 | 2025–2027 | 2025–2027 | |||||||||||||
| 2027–2029 | 2027–2029 | 2027–2029 | 2027–2029 | |||||||||||||
| Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i | Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i | |||||||||||||
| (Islam → Twelver Shīʿā → Ja'fari → Usuli) | ||||||||||||||||
Single-party states edit
| Single-party states | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Capital | Party | Date | ||
| North Korea | Pyongyang | Workers' Party of Korea | 9 Sep 1948 | ||
| China | Beijing | Chinese Communist Party | 1 Oct 1949 | ||
| Cuba | Havana | Communist Party of Cuba | 1 Jul 1961 | ||
| Laos | Vientiane | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | 2 Dec 1975 | ||
| Vietnam | Hanoi | Communist Party of Vietnam | 2 Jul 1976 | ||
| ·§· | |||||
Chinese Communist Party edit
Bold denotes the highest position in the CCP, being the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
| Picture | Name | Offices | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Jiang Zemin 江泽民 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 24 June 1989 – 15 November 2002 |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 9 November 1989 – 19 September 2004 | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 19 March 1990 – 13 March 2005 | ||
| President of the PRC | 27 March 1993 – 15 March 2003 | ||
|
Hu Jintao 胡锦涛 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 15 November 2002 – 15 November 2012 |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 19 September 2004 – 15 November 2012 | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 13 March 2005 – 14 March 2013 | ||
| President of the PRC | 15 March 2003 – 14 March 2013 | ||
|
Xi Jinping 习近平 |
General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee | 15 November 2012 – Incumbent |
| Chairman of the CCP Central Military Commission | 15 November 2012 – Incumbent | ||
| Chairman of the PRC Central Military Commission | 14 March 2013 – Incumbent | ||
| President of the PRC | 14 March 2013 – Incumbent | ||
| — | |||
China has had only three leaders since 27 March 1993, all shown above.
Mao dynasty edit
- Male-line descent
- Mao Enpu (?–?) ∞ Liu (?–?)
- Mao Yichang (1870–1920) ∞ Wen Qimei (1867–1919)
- Mao Zedong (1893–1976) ∞ Yang Kaihui (1901–1930)
- Mao Anqing (1924–2007) ∞ Shao Hua (1938–2008)
- Mao Xinyu (born 1970) ∞ Liu Bin (born 1977)
- Mao Dongdong (born 2003) ∞
Sino–Soviet relations edit
List of leaders of Russia edit
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- List of leaders of the Soviet Union
- List of leaders of the Russian SFSR
- List of presidents of Russia
- List of heads of state of the Soviet Union
- List of heads of state of Russia
- List of heads of government of Russia
- Premier of the Soviet Union
- First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
- First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
- Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)
- List of Soviet foreign ministers
- List of Chairmen of the Federation Council (Russia)
- List of Deputy Chairmen of the Federation Council of Russia
- List of chairmen of the State Duma
- List of Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma
- United Russia
(Will fix Soviet listing at a later date)
| Leader of the Soviet Union | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date | Name | |
| Joseph Stalin | 02 Sep 1945 – 16 Oct 1952 | |
| Georgy Malenkov | 16 Oct 1952 – 05 Mar 1953 | |
| Nikolai Bulganin | 05 Mar 1953 – 14 Sep 1953 | |
| Nikita Khrushchev | 14 Sep 1953 – 14 Oct 1964 | |
| Leonid Brezhnev | 14 Oct 1964 – 10 Nov 1982 | |
| Yuri Andropov | 10 Nov 1982 – 09 Feb 1984 | |
| Konstantin Chernenko | 09 Feb 1984 – 10 Mar 1985 | |
| Andrei Gromyko | 10 Mar 1985 – 01 Oct 1988 | |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | 01 Oct 1988 – 24 Aug 1991 | |
| Vladimir Ivashko | 24 Aug 1991 – 29 Aug 1991 | |
| (Vacant) | 29 Aug 1991 – 26 Dec 1991 | |
| — | 26 Dec 1991 – 31 Dec 1991 | |
| · | ||
| Leader of Russia | ||
| Name | Date | |
| Boris Yeltsin | 31 Dec 1991 – 25 Dec 1993 25 Dec 1993 – 03 Jul 1996 03 Jul 1996 – 31 Dec 1999 | |
| Vladimir Putin | 31 Dec 1999 – 26 Mar 2000 26 Mar 2000 – 14 Mar 2004 14 Mar 2004 – 02 Mar 2008 | |
| Dmitry Medvedev | 02 Mar 2008 – 04 Mar 2012 | |
| Vladimir Putin | 04 Mar 2012 – 18 Mar 2018 18 Mar 2018 – 17 Mar 2024 | |
| · | ||
CPSU Independent United Russia
Gazprom edit
(Founded by Viktor Chernomyrdin in 1989)
- Leader
- 1989–1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev
- 1991–1999 – Boris Yeltsin
- 1999–2008 – Vladimir Putin
- 2008–2012 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2012–present – Vladimir Putin
- Chairperson
- 1989–1992 – Viktor Chernomyrdin
- 1992–2000 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2000–2001 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2001–2002 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2002–2008 – Dmitry Medvedev
- 2008–present – Viktor Zubkov
- CEO
- 1989–1992 – Viktor Chernomyrdin
- 1992–2001 – Rem Viakhirev
- 2001–present – Alexey Miller
See also edit
- United Russia – political party of Gazprom
- All-Russia People's Front – national affiliation of United Russia
Nord Stream edit
| Nord Stream AG | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pipeline | From | To |
| Nord Stream 1 | Vyborg | Lubmin |
| Nord Stream 2 | Ust-Luga | |
| 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage | ||
Name vs. Nationality edit
Alexey Miller – (German surname)
David McAllister – (Scottish surname)
German state-owned natural gas compnaies edit
Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) edit
| Volkseigener Betrieb → | Treuhandanstalt → | Bundesanstalt für vereinigungsbedingte Sonderaufgaben (BvS) | |
| TLG Immobilien GmbH (TLG) → | Aroundtown (en) | ||
| BVVG Bodenverwertungs- und -verwaltungs GmbH (BVVG) | |||
Coin circulation edit
| Deutsche Mark | East German mark | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Material | Mark | Front | Back | Material |
 |
Copper-plated steel | 1pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
 |
Bronze-plated steel | 2pf | — | — | — | |
 |
Brass-plated steel | 5pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
 |
Brass-plated steel | 10pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
| — | — | — | 20pf | Brass | ||
 |
Cupro-nickel | 50pf |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
 |
Cupro-nickel | (D)M1 |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
 |
Cupro-nickel | (D)M2 |  |
 |
Aluminium | |
 |
Cupro-nickel | (D)M5 |  |
 |
Nickel-bronze | |
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867–1918) edit
| Austria-Hungary | ||
|---|---|---|
| Empire | ||
|
Cisleithania | Vienna |
| State | Capital | |
| Kingdoms | ||
|
Bohemia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Prague |
|
Dalmatia | Zadar |
|
Galicia and Lodomeria | Lviv |
| Archduchies | ||
|
Upper Austria (above the Enns) | Linz |
|
Lower Austria (below the Enns) | Vienna |
| Grand Duchies | ||
|
Kraków (subdivision of Galicia and Lodomeria) | Kraków |
| Duchies | ||
|
Bukovina | Chernivtsi |
|
Carinthia | Klagenfurt |
|
Carniola | Ljubljana |
|
Salzburg | Salzburg |
|
Silesia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Opava |
|
Styria | Graz |
| Margraviates | ||
|
Istria (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Rovinj |
|
Moravia (Land of the Bohemian Crown) | Brno |
| Princely Counties | ||
|
Gorizia and Gradisca (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Gorizia |
|
|
Tyrol | Innsbruck |
|
Vorarlberg | Bregenz |
| Free Cities | ||
|
Trieste (part of the Austrian Littoral) | Trieste |
| Condominium | ||
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina (governed jointly by Cisleithania and Transleithania) | Sarajevo |
| — | ||
| — | ||
| Austria-Hungary | ||
|---|---|---|
| Empire | ||
|
|
Transleithania | Budapest |
| State | Capital | |
| Kingdoms | ||
|
Hungary | Budapest |
|
Croatia-Slavonia | Zagreb |
| Free Cities | ||
|
Fiume | Rijeka |
| Condominium | ||
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina (governed jointly by Cisleithania and Transleithania) | Sarajevo |
| — | ||
| — | ||
Note: Charles I of Austria, last monarch of all of the above.
German Empire (1871–1918) edit
East Germany edit
 East Germany
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | Past | Present | — | — | |||
| — | Pre–Bezirke | — | Post–Bezirke | — | ||||
| — | Capital / Hauptstadt | State / Länder | Capital / Hauptstadt | State / Länder | — | |||
| — |  East Berlin
|
East Berlin
|
→ |  Berlin
|
Berlin
|
— | ||
| — |  Potsdam
|
.svg){kind=small} Brandenburg
|
→ | Potsdam
|
 Brandenburg
|
— | ||
| — |  Rostock
|
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
→ |  Schwerin
|
 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
— | ||
| — |  Dresden
|
 Saxony
|
→ | Dresden
|
Saxony
|
— | ||
| — |  Halle (Saale)
|
 Saxony-Anhalt
|
→ |  Magdeburg
|
 Saxony-Anhalt
|
— | ||
| — |  Erfurt
|
 Thuringia
|
→ | Erfurt
|
Thuringia
|
— | ||
| — | — | |||||||
| — | — | |||||||
| — | ||||||||
New states of Germany edit
| State capital | |
| Berlin
| |
| Brandenburg
| |
| Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
| |
| Saxony
| |
| Saxony-Anhalt
| |
| Thuringia
|
.svg){kind=small}
Germany edit
| ISO | State | Capital |
|---|---|---|
| BB | Brandenburg (Brandenburg) | Potsdam (Potsdam) |
| BE | Berlin (Berlin) | Berlin (Berlin) |
| BW | Baden-Württemberg (Baden-Württemberg) | Stuttgart (Stuttgart) |
| BY | Bavaria (Bayern) | Munich (München) |
| HB | Bremen (Bremen) | Bremen (Bremen) |
| HE | Hesse (Hessen) | Wiesbaden (Wiesbaden) |
| HH | Hamburg (Hamburg) | Hamburg (Hamburg) |
| MV | Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Schwerin (Schwerin) |
| NI | Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen) | Hanover (Hannover) |
| NW | North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf) |
| RP | Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Mainz (Mainz) |
| SH | Schleswig-Holstein (Schleswig-Holstein) | Kiel (Kiel) |
| SL | Saarland (Saarland) | Saarbrücken (Saarbrücken) |
| SN | Saxony (Sachsen) | Dresden (Dresden) |
| ST | Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Magdeburg (Magdeburg) |
| TH | Thuringia (Thüringen) | Erfurt (Erfurt) |
Austria edit
| ISO | State | Capital |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burgenland (Burgenland) | Eisenstadt (Eisenstadt) |
| 2 | Carinthia (Kärnten) | Klagenfurt (Klagenfurt am Wörthersee) |
| 3 | Lower Austria (Niederösterreich) | Sankt Pölten (St. Pölten) |
| 4 | Upper Austria (Oberösterreich) | Linz (Linz) |
| 5 | Salzburg (Salzburg) | Salzburg (Salzburg) |
| 6 | Styria (Steiermark) | Graz (Graz) |
| 7 | Tyrol (Tirol) | Innsbruck (Innsbruck) |
| 8 | Vorarlberg (Vorarlberg) | Bregenz (Bregenz) |
| 9 | Vienna (Wien) | Vienna (Wien) |
Nazi Germany edit
Government of Nazi Germany edit
Hitler cabinet edit
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chancellor of the German Reich | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Vice-Chancellor of the German Reich | 30 January 1933 | 7 August 1934 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs | 30 January 1933 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | ||
| 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of the Interior | 30 January 1933 | 24 August 1943 | NSDAP | ||
| 24 August 1943 | 29 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Finance | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Justice | 30 January 1933 | 29 January 1941 | DnVp | ||
| 29 January 1941 | 24 August 1942 | NSDAP | |||
| 24 August 1942 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of the Reichswehr (from 21 May 1935, Reich Minister of War) | 30 January 1933 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | ||
| Reich Minister of Economics | 30 January 1933 | 29 June 1933 | DnVp | ||
| 29 June 1933 | 3 August 1934 | NSDAP | |||
| 3 August 1934 | 26 November 1937 | Independent | |||
| 26 November 1937 | 15 January 1938 | NSDAP | |||
| 5 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture | 30 January 1933 | 29 June 1933 | DnVp | ||
| 29 June 1933 | 6 April 1944 | NSDAP | |||
| 6 April 1944 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Labour | 30 January 1933 | 30 April 1945 | DnVp | ||
| Reich Postal Minister | 30 January 1933 | 2 February 1937 | Independent | ||
| 2 February 1937 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister of Transport | 30 January 1933 | 2 February 1937 | Independent | ||
| 2 February 1937 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda | 13 March 1933 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister of Aviation | 1 May 1933 | 23 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister of Science, Education and Culture | 1 May 1934 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister for Church Affairs | 16 July 1935 | 15 December 1941 | NSDAP | ||
| 15 December 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions (from 2 September 1943, for Armaments and War Production) | 17 March 1940 | 8 February 1942 | NSDAP | ||
| 8 February 1942 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
| Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories | 17 July 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Ministers without Portfolio (Reichsministers ohne Geschäftsbereich) (before 1938) | Hermann Göring (Reichskommissar for Air Traffic) | 30 January 1933 | 27 April 1933 | NSDAP | |
Ernst Röhm † (Stabschef of the SA) | 1 December 1933 | 1 July 1934 | NSDAP | ||
| 1 December 1933 | 10 May 1941 | NSDAP | |||
Hanns Kerrl (First Deputy President of the Reichstag) | 17 June 1934 | 16 July 1935 | NSDAP | ||
Hans Frank (Governor-General of Occupied Poland from 1939) | 19 December 1934 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Hjalmar Schacht (President of the Reichsbank to 1939) | 26 November 1937 | 22 January 1943 | NSDAP | ||
Hans Lammers (Chief of Reich Chancellery) | 26 November 1937 | 24 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Ministers (from 1938) | Konstantin von Neurath (Reich Protector of Bohemia-Moravia, 1939-43) | 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |
Arthur Seyss-Inquart (Reichskommissar of the Netherlands from 1940) | 1 May 1939 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Wilhelm Frick (Reich Protector of Bohemia-Moravia, 1943-5) | 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Konstantin Hierl (Chief of the Reich Labour Service) | 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Members with Cabinet Rank and Authority but without formal title of Reichsminister | 20 April 1936 | 4 February 1938 | Independent | ||
| 20 April 1936 | 30 January 1943 | Independent | |||
Otto Meissner (Minister of State and Chief of the Presidential Chancellery) | 1 December 1937 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 4 February 1938 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| 4 February 1938 | 19 December 1941 | Independent | |||
Martin Bormann (Chief of the Nazi Party Chancellery) | 29 May 1941 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 30 January 1943 | 30 April 1945 | Independent | |||
| 24 August 1943 | 30 April 1945 | NSDAP | |||
Goebbels cabinet edit
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichspräsident | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | |||
| Chancellor | 30 April 1945 | 1 May 1945 † | NSDAP | ||
| Party Minister | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 † | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Foreign Affairs | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of the Interior | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of War | Karl Dönitz | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Supreme Commander of the Army | 30 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Supreme Commander of the Navy | Karl Dönitz | 30 January 1943 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Supreme Commander of the Air Force | 26 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Head of the SS and German Police | 30 April 1945 | 8 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Reich Minister of Economics | 5 February 1938 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Food and Agriculture | 23 May 1942 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Justice | 24 August 1942 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Culture | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Propaganda | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Finance | 1 June 1932 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Labour | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Armament | 30 April 1945 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Leader of the Deutscher Arbeitsfront | 10 May 1933 | 2 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
Schwerin von Krosigk cabinet edit
| Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reichspräsident | 30 April 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| 2 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Finance | Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk | 1 June 1932 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
| Minister of Transport | 2 February 1937 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Food, Agriculture and Forests | 23 May 1942 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Industry and Production | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Labor and Social Affairs | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of the Interior | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Culture | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister of Justice | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | ||
| Minister for Communications and Posts | Julius Heinrich Dorpmüller | 5 May 1945 | 23 May 1945 | NSDAP | |
Wehrmacht (armed forces) 1935–1945 edit
- Hans-Georg von Friedeburg – Kriegsmarine (navy)
- Hans-Jürgen Stumpff – Luftwaffe (air force)
- Wilhelm Keitel – Heer (army)
(Alfred Jodl was Keitel's successor soon thereafter.)
Nazi Germans edit
.svg){kind=small}
Deaths in chronological order edit
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, Herbert Backe, and Karl Dönitz are
the only people to serve in all three World War II German cabinets.
Clarification – For the record, I'm no Nazi, and I'm no Communist.
British dark humour edit
- Getting the two mixed up
- Heimlich maneuver → Abdominal thrusts – (Stand behind victim, exerting pressure on diaphragm, which should exert pressure on object to expel it.)
- Heinrich maneuver → Cyanide poisoning – (Pop into one's mouth, forcibly keeping it shut, until they've expired.)
- See also
List of last words // last words —
Oscar Wilde, on his deathbed, surrounded only by the bedroom door, walls, and the things on those walls: "Either that wallpaper goes, or I go!" Then he died.[1][2]
References edit
- ^ Miller, Oliver (May 23, 2012). "Famous Last Words". Thought Catalog.
- ^ Gover, Dominic (September 3, 2013). "Seamus Heaney, Steve Jobs, Oscar Wilde, Karl Marx: Famous Last Words". International Business Times UK. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Allied Control Council edit
(West) ←Berlin→ (East) — (West) ←Germany→ (East)
- Soviet occupation zone of Germany
- Allied-occupied Germany
- List of administrators of Allied-occupied Germany
- List of commandants of Berlin Sectors
- Soviet occupation zone of Austria
- Allied-occupied Austria
- List of administrators of Allied-occupied Austria
- List of commandants of Vienna Sectors
-
The occupied sectors of Germany -
The occupied sectors of Germany -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Berlin -
The occupied sectors of Vienna -
The occupied sectors of Vienna -
The occupied sectors of Austria -
The occupied sectors of Austria
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Cold War edit
 Germany 
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| NATO |
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Western Bloc |
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West Germany |
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Germany |
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East Germany |
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Eastern Bloc |
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Warsaw Pact |
| West Berlin |
|
Berlin |
|
East Berlin | ||||||||
| Berlin
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Cold War neutrality edit
| Austria |
| Austria |
|---|
| Vienna |
| Vienna |
Eastern Bloc edit
- (former Eastern Bloc / present successor states)
(In geographical order)
Eastern Europe edit
(See these nine flags) – In my opposition to Communism,
never support these, and never forget these either.
Support those that have moved on and changed,
and want to help make the world a better place.
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Iron Curtain edit
- See also: Warsaw Pact
- Note:
- I do not align myself with any of the above-listed parties.
- For the two German parties listed below, I align with the
- Christian Democratic Union party (Christian democracy).
- Political affiliation:
Germany edit
List of chancellors of Germany edit
Key:
SPD (centre-left) |
CDU (centre-right)
| Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| Konrad Adenauer | 1949–1963 | |
| Ludwig Erhard | 1963–1966 | |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger | 1966–1969 | |
| Willy Brandt | 1969–1974 | |
| Helmut Schmidt | 1974–1982 | |
| Helmut Kohl | 1982–1998 | |
| Gerhard Schröder | 1998–2005 | |
| Angela Merkel | 2005–2021 | |
| Olaf Scholz | 2021–present | |
German federal elections edit
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the SPD edit
| Chairpeople of the SPD | SPD | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kurt Schumacher | 1946–1952 | — | |
| Erich Ollenhauer | 1952–1963 | — | |
| Willy Brandt | 1964–1987 | 1969–1974 | |
| Helmut Schmidt | — | 1974–1982 | |
| Hans-Jochen Vogel | 1987–1991 | — | |
| Björn Engholm | 1991–1993 | — | |
| Johannes Rau – (acting) | 1993–1993 | — | |
| Rudolf Scharping | 1993–1995 | — | |
| Oskar Lafontaine | 1995–1999 | — | |
| Gerhard Schröder | 1999–2004 | 1998–2005 | |
| Franz Müntefering | 2004–2005 | — | |
| Matthias Platzeck | 2005–2006 | — | |
| Kurt Beck | 2006–2008 | — | |
| Frank-Walter Steinmeier – (acting) | 2008–2008 | — | |
| Franz Müntefering | 2008–2009 | — | |
| Sigmar Gabriel | 2009–2017 | — | |
| Martin Schulz | 2017–2018 | — | |
| Olaf Scholz – (acting) | 2018–2018 | — | |
| Andrea Nahles | 2018–2019 | — | |
| Manuela Schwesig – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| Malu Dreyer – (acting) | 2019–2019 | — | |
| 2019–present | — | ||
General Secretary of the SPD edit
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Müntefering | 1999 | 2002 | |
| Olaf Scholz | 2002 | 2004 | |
| Klaus Uwe Benneter | 2004 | 2005 | |
| Hubertus Heil | 2005 | 2009 | |
| Andrea Nahles | 2009 | 2014 | |
| Yasmin Fahimi | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Katarina Barley | 2015 | 2017 | |
| Hubertus Heil – (acting) | 2017 | 2017 | |
| Lars Klingbeil | 2017 | 2021 | |
| Kevin Kühnert | 2021 | Present | |
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the CDU & CDU/CSU group edit
| Chairpeople of the CDU & CDU/CSU group | CDU/CSU | CDU | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Konrad Adenauer | — | 1950–1966 | 1949–1963 | |
| Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo | 1949–1955 | — | — | |
| Ludwig Erhard | — | 1966–1967 | 1963–1966 | |
| Heinrich Krone | 1955–1961 | — | — | |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger | — | 1967–1971 | 1966–1969 | |
| Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo | 1961–1964 | — | — | |
| Rainer Barzel | 1964–1973 | 1971–1973 | — — | |
| Karl Carstens | 1973–1976 | — | — | |
| Helmut Kohl | 1976–1982 | 1973–1998 | 1982–1998 | |
| Alfred Dregger | 1982–1991 | — | — | |
| Wolfgang Schäuble | 1991–2000 | 1998–2000 | — — | |
| Friedrich Merz | 2000–2002 | — | — | |
| Angela Merkel | 2002–2005 | 2000–2018 | 2005–2021 | |
| Volker Kauder | 2005–2018 | — | — | |
| Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | — | 2018–2021 | — — | |
| Ralph Brinkhaus | 2018–2022 | — | — | |
| Armin Laschet | — | 2021–2022 | — — | |
| – | – | — | — | |
| Friedrich Merz | 2022–present | 2022–present | — — | |
Ministers-Presidents & Chairpeople of the CSU edit
| Chairpeople of the CSU | CSU | Ministers-President | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fritz Schäffer | — | 1945–1945 | |
| Wilhelm Hoegner – (SPD) | — | 1945–1946 | |
| Josef Müller | 1945–1949 | — | |
| Hans Ehard | 1949–1955 | 1946–1954 | |
| Wilhelm Hoegner – (SPD) | — | 1954–1957 | |
| Hanns Seidel | 1955–1961 | 1957–1960 | |
| Hans Ehard | — | 1960–1962 | |
| Alfons Goppel | — | 1962–1978 | |
| Franz Josef Strauss | 1961–1988 | 1978–1988 | |
| Max Streibl | — | 1988–1993 | |
| Theo Waigel | 1988–1999 | — | |
| Edmund Stoiber | 1999–2007 | 1993–2007 | |
| Erwin Huber | 2007–2008 | — | |
| Günther Beckstein | — | 2007–2008 | |
| Horst Seehofer | 2008–2019 | 2008–2018 | |
| Ilse Aigner | — | 2018–2018 – (acting) | |
| Markus Söder | 2019–present | 2018–present | |
General Secretary of the CSU edit
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Josef Strauss | 1949 | 1952 | |
| Josef Brunner | 1952 | 1954 | |
| Heinz Lechmann | 1954 | 1956 | |
| Friedrich Zimmermann | 1956 | 1963 | |
| Anton Jaumann | 1963 | 1967 | |
| Max Streibl | 1967 | 1970 | |
| Gerold Tandler | 1970 | 1978 | |
| Edmund Stoiber | 1978 | 1983 | |
| Otto Wiesheu | 1983 | 1983 | |
| Gerold Tandler | 1983 | 1988 | |
| Erwin Huber | 1988 | 1994 | |
| Bernd Protzner | 1994 | 1998 | |
| Thomas Goppel | 1998 | 2003 | |
| Markus Söder | 2003 | 2007 | |
| Christine Haderthauer | 2007 | 2008 | |
| Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg | 2008 | 2009 | |
| Alexander Dobrindt | 2009 | 2013 | |
| Andreas Scheuer | 2013 | 2018 | |
| Markus Blume | 2018 | Present | |
General Secretary of the CDU edit
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno Heck | 1967 | 1971 | |
| Konrad Kraske | 1971 | 1973 | |
| Kurt Biedenkopf | 1973 | 1977 | |
| Heiner Geißler | 1977 | 1989 | |
| Volker Rühe | 1989 | 1992 | |
| Peter Hintze | 1992 | 1998 | |
| Angela Merkel | 1998 | 2000 | |
| Ruprecht Polenz | 2000 | 2000 | |
| Laurenz Meyer | 2000 | 2004 | |
| Volker Kauder | 2004 | 2005 | |
| Ronald Pofalla | 2005 | 2009 | |
| Hermann Gröhe | 2009 | 2013 | |
| Peter Tauber | 2013 | 2018 | |
| Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | 2018 | 2018 | |
| Paul Ziemiak | 2018 | 2022 | |
| Mario Czaja | 2022 | Present | |
Christian Democratic Union of Germany edit
|
|---|
| West |
|
East | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 West
|
.svg){kind=small} East
| |||
| 1945–1945 | vacant | Andreas Hermes (acting) | ||
| 1945–1945 | vacant | Andreas Hermes | ||
| 1945–1946 | vacant | Jakob Kaiser (acting) | ||
| 1946–1947 | vacant | Jakob Kaiser | ||
| 1947–1948 | vacant | Otto Nuschke (acting) | ||
| 1948–1950 | vacant | Otto Nuschke | ||
| 1950–1957 | Konrad Adenauer | Otto Nuschke | ||
| 1957–1958 | Konrad Adenauer | August Bach (acting) | ||
| 1958–1966 | Konrad Adenauer | August Bach | ||
| 1966–1966 | Ludwig Erhard | Gerald Götting (acting) | ||
| 1966–1967 | Ludwig Erhard | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1967–1971 | Kurt Georg Kiesinger | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1971–1973 | Rainer Barzel | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1973–1989 | Helmut Kohl | Gerald Götting | ||
| 1989–1989 | Helmut Kohl | Wolfgang Heyl (acting) | ||
| 1989–1990 | Helmut Kohl | Lothar de Maizière | ||
|
| ||||
| 1990–1998 | Helmut Kohl | |||
| 1998–2000 | Wolfgang Schäuble | |||
| 2000–2000 | Angela Merkel (acting) | |||
| 2000–2018 | Angela Merkel | |||
| 2018–2021 | Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | |||
| 2021–2022 | Armin Laschet | |||
| 2022–present | Friedrich Merz | |||
| CDU | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Name | |
| 21 Oct 1950 | 23 Mar 1966 | Konrad Adenauer | |
| 23 Mar 1966 | 23 May 1967 | Ludwig Erhard | |
| 23 May 1967 | 05 Oct 1971 | Kurt Georg Kiesinger | |
| 05 Oct 1971 | 12 Jun 1973 | Rainer Barzel | |
| 12 Jun 1973 | 07 Nov 1998 | Helmut Kohl | |
| 07 Nov 1998 | 16 Feb 2000 | Wolfgang Schäuble | |
| 16 Feb 2000 | 10 Apr 2000 | Angela Merkel (acting) | |
| 10 Apr 2000 | 07 Dec 2018 | Angela Merkel | |
| 07 Dec 2018 | 16 Jan 2021 | Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer | |
| 16 Jan 2021 | 22 Jan 2022 | Armin Laschet | |
| 22 Jan 2022 | Present | Friedrich Merz | |
|
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| Adenauer | Erhard | Kiesinger | Barzel | ||
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| Kohl | Schäuble | Merkel | Kramp | ||
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| Laschet | Merz | — | — | ||
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| CDU | |||||
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| Hermes | Kaiser | Nuschke | Bach | ||
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| Götting | Heyl | de Maizière | CDU | ||
| · | |||||
| CDU | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Name | |
| 26 Jun 1945 | 19 Dec 1945 | Andreas Hermes | |
| 19 Dec 1945 | 20 Dec 1947 | Jakob Kaiser | |
| 20 Dec 1947 | 27 Dec 1957 | Otto Nuschke | |
| 27 Dec 1957 | 23 Mar 1966 | August Bach | |
| 23 Mar 1966 | 02 Nov 1989 | Gerald Götting | |
| 02 Nov 1989 | 10 Nov 1989 | Wolfgang Heyl (acting) | |
| 10 Nov 1989 | 02 Oct 1990 | Lothar de Maizière | |
| 02 Oct 1990 | 03 Oct 1990 | CDU (East) → CDU (West) (merge) | |
Elections edit
East Germany edit
| East German general elections and referendums | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1954 | 1954 | 1958 | 1963 | 1967 | 1968 | 1971 | 1976 | 1981 | 1986 | 1990 |
West Germany edit
| West German federal elections | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | 1953 | 1957 | 1961 | 1965 | 1969 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1983 | 1987 |
Germany edit
| German federal elections | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2005 | 2009 | 2013 | 2017 | 2021 |
Europe edit
| European Parliament elections | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024 |
Elections in Germany edit
| 1990 East German general election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| German Social Union (DSU) | |
| Association of Free Democrats (gfD) | |
| Alliance 90 (B'90) | |
| Democratic Farmers' Party (DBD) | |
| Green Party–Independent Women's Association (GRÜNE/UFV) | |
| Democratic Awakening (DA) | |
| National Democratic Party (NDPD) | |
| Democratic Women's League (DFD) | |
| United Left (VL) | |
| 1990 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (B90/GRÜNE) (East) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) (West) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1998 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2002 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2005 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left Party.PDS (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2013 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| 2017 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2021 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
Elections to the European Parliament edit
| 1989 European Parliament election in West Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 1994 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1999 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2004 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2014 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2019 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2024 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
Both DE & EU edit
| 1990 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (B90/GRÜNE) (East) | |
| The Greens (GRÜNE) (West) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1994 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1998 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 1999 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2002 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2004 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2005 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left Party.PDS (PDS) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2009 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Republicans (REP) | |
| 2013 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| 2014 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2017 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2019 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| 2021 German federal election | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| 2024 European Parliament election in Germany | |
|---|---|
| Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | |
| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | |
| Alternative for Germany (AfD) | |
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | |
| The Left (DIE LINKE) | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | |
Political parties edit
| Politics of Germany | ||||||||||||||
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| Election | LINKE | PDS | SPD | GRÜNE | FDP | CDU | CSU | REP | AfD | Election | ||||
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The Left (DIE LINKE) | ||||
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Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) | ||||
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Social Democratic Party (SPD) | ||||
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Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE) | ||||
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Free Democratic Party (FDP) | ||||
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Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | ||||
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Christian Social Union (CSU) | ||||
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The Republicans (REP) | ||||
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Alternative for Germany (AfD) | ||||
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- Political party coalitions
| Coalitions | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | "Lights" | — | "Jamaica" | — | "Kenya" | — | "Germany" | — | "Grand" | — | |||||
| SPD | CDU | CDU | CDU | CDU | |||||||||||
| FDP | FDP | SPD | SPD | SPD | |||||||||||
| GRÜ | GRÜ | GRÜ | FDP | — | — | ||||||||||
| — | |||||||||||||||
Germany & Austria edit
SPD (1863–present)
CDU (West Germany) (1945–1990)
CDU (East Germany) (1945–1990)
CDU (1990–present)
SPÖ (1945–present)
ÖVP (1945–2017)
ÖVP (2017–present)
Austria edit
List of chancellors of Austria edit
Key:
SPÖ (centre-left) |
ÖVP /
ÖVP (centre-right) |
Independent
| Name | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| Karl Renner | 1945–1945 | |
| Leopold Figl | 1945–1953 | |
| Julius Raab | 1953–1961 | |
| Alfons Gorbach | 1961–1964 | |
| Josef Klaus | 1964–1970 | |
| Bruno Kreisky | 1970–1983 | |
| Fred Sinowatz | 1983–1986 | |
| Franz Vranitzky | 1986–1997 | |
| Viktor Klima | 1997–2000 | |
| Wolfgang Schüssel | 2000–2007 | |
| Alfred Gusenbauer | 2007–2008 | |
| Werner Faymann | 2008–2016 | |
| Reinhold Mitterlehner | 2016–2016 – (Acting) | |
| Christian Kern | 2016–2017 | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2017–2019 | |
| Hartwig Löger | 2019–2019 – (Acting) | |
| Brigitte Bierlein | 2019–2020 | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2020–2021 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2021–2021 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2021–present | |
Austria federal elections edit
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the SPÖ edit
| Chairpeople of the SPÖ | SPÖ | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karl Renner | — | 1945–1945 | |
| Adolf Schärf | 1945–1957 | — | |
| Bruno Pittermann | 1957–1967 | — | |
| Bruno Kreisky | 1967–1983 | 1970–1983 | |
| Fred Sinowatz | 1983–1988 | 1983–1986 | |
| Franz Vranitzky | 1988–1997 | 1986–1997 | |
| Viktor Klima | 1997–2000 | 1997–2000 | |
| Alfred Gusenbauer | 2000–2008 | 2007–2008 | |
| Werner Faymann | 2008–2016 | 2008–2016 | |
| Michael Häupl | 2016–2016 | — | |
| Christian Kern | 2016–2018 | 2016–2017 | |
| Pamela Rendi-Wagner | 2018–2023 | — | |
| Andreas Babler | 2023–present | — | |
Chancellors & Chairpeople of the ÖVP edit
| Chairpeople of the ÖVP | ÖVP | Chancellor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leopold Kunschak | 1945–1945 | — | |
| Leopold Figl | 1945–1952 | 1945–1953 | |
| Julius Raab | 1952–1960 | 1953–1961 | |
| Alfons Gorbach | 1960–1963 | 1961–1964 | |
| Josef Klaus | 1963–1970 | 1964–1970 | |
| Hermann Withalm | 1970–1971 | — | |
| Karl Schleinzer | 1971–1975 | — | |
| Josef Taus | 1975–1979 | — | |
| Alois Mock | 1979–1989 | — | |
| Josef Riegler | 1989–1991 | — | |
| Erhard Busek | 1991–1995 | — | |
| Wolfgang Schüssel | 1995–2007 | 2000–2007 | |
| Wilhelm Molterer | 2007–2008 | — | |
| Josef Pröll | 2008–2011 | — | |
| Michael Spindelegger | 2011–2014 | — | |
| Reinhold Mitterlehner | 2014–2017 | — | |
| Sebastian Kurz | 2017–2021 | 2017–2019; 2020–2021 | |
| Alexander Schallenberg | 2021–2021 | 2021–2021 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2021–present | 2021–present | |
General Secretary of the ÖVP edit
| General Secretary | Start | End | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Felix Hurdes | 1945 | 1951 | |
| Alfred Maleta | 1951 | 1960 | |
| Hermann Withalm | 1960 | 1970 | |
| Karl Schleinzer | 1970 | 1971 | |
| Herbert Kohlmaier | 1971 | 1975 | |
| Erhard Busek | 1975 | 1976 | |
| Sixtus Lanner | 1976 | 1982 | |
| Michael Graff | 1982 | 1987 | |
| Helmut Kukacka | 1987 | 1990 | |
| Raimund Solonar | 1990 | 1991 | |
| Ferdinand Maier | 1991 | 1993 | |
| Wilhelm Molterer | 1993 | 1994 | |
| Ingrid Korosec | 1994 | 1995 | |
| Othmar Karas | 1995 | 1999 | |
| Maria Rauch-Kallat | 1999 | 2003 | |
| Reinhold Lopatka | 2003 | 2007 | |
| Hannes Missethon | 2007 | 2008 | |
| Fritz Kaltenegger | 2008 | 2011 | |
| Johannes Rauch | 2011 | 2013 | |
| Gernot Blümel | 2013 | 2015 | |
| Peter McDonald | 2015 | 2016 | |
| Werner Amon | 2016 | 2017 | |
| Elisabeth Köstinger | 2017 | 2017 | |
| Stefan Steiner | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Karl Nehammer | 2018 | 2020 | |
| Axel Melchior | 2020 | 2022 | |
| Laura Sachslehner | 2022 | Present | |
Elections edit
Austria edit
| Austrian Parliamentary elections | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1994 | 1995 | 1999 | 2002 | 2006 | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 2019 | 2024 |
Europe edit
| European Parliamentary elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | 2024 |
Referendums edit
| Referendums | |
|---|---|
| 1994 | 2013 |
Incumbents edit
| Germany | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lars Klingbeil / Saskia Esken | SPD | 11 Dec 2021 | |
| Friedrich Merz | CDU | 22 Jan 2022 | |
| Austria | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Andreas Babler | SPÖ | 03 Jun 2023 | |
| Karl Nehammer | ÖVP | 03 Dec 2021 | |
Regional organization edit
It's not difficult envisioning Austrian accession into the Visegrád Group → (V4 becoming V5).
Germany edit
East Germany, 1949–1990 edit
.svg)
West Germany, 1949–1990 edit
Germany, 1990–present edit
The tint of red used in the Flag of Berlin is the same as that previously used by the SED.
SED edit
- East Germany
(1949–1990)
| SED | ||
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| Pieck | Grotewohl | Ulbricht | ||
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| Sindermann | Krenz | Modrow | ||
| · | ||||
| SED | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Born | Died | |
| Wilhelm Pieck | 03 Jan 1876 | 07 Sep 1960 | |
| Otto Grotewohl | 11 Mar 1894 | 21 Sep 1964 | |
| Walter Ulbricht | 30 Jun 1893 | 01 Aug 1973 | |
| Willi Stoph | 09 Jul 1914 | 13 Apr 1999 | |
| Erich Honecker | 25 Aug 1912 | 29 May 1994 | |
| Friedrich Ebert Jr. | 12 Sep 1894 | 04 Dec 1979 | |
| Horst Sindermann | 05 Sep 1915 | 20 Apr 1990 | |
| Egon Krenz | 19 Mar 1937 | ||
| Hans Modrow | 27 Jan 1928 | 10 Feb 2023 | |
Leadership of East Germany edit
Leadership of Germany edit
Former leadership edit
Still living edit
| West Germany / East Germany | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | West Germans living | — | ||
| Rita Süssmuth | 17 Feb 1937 | |||
| East Germans living | ||||
| Egon Krenz | 19 Mar 1937 | |||
| Lothar de Maizière | 02 Mar 1940 | |||
| Sabine Bergmann-Pohl | 20 Apr 1946 | |||
| — | ||||
(Leading) political party playing cards (representation) edit
CDU = ♠ Spades ♠
SPD = ♥ Hearts ♥
SPD = ♦ Diamonds ♦
CDU = ♣ Clubs ♣
Standard 52-card deck edit
| Suit (from highest-to-lowest) |
Ace | King | Queen | Jack | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
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Module:Political party edit
- Module:Political party/1
- Module:Political party/A
- Module:Political party/B
- Module:Political party/C
- Module:Political party/D
- Module:Political party/E
- Module:Political party/F
- Module:Political party/G
- Module:Political party/H
- Module:Political party/I
- Module:Political party/J
- Module:Political party/K
- Module:Political party/L
- Module:Political party/M
- Module:Political party/N
- Module:Political party/O
- Module:Political party/P
- Module:Political party/Q
- Module:Political party/R
- Module:Political party/S
- Module:Political party/T
- Module:Political party/U
- Module:Political party/V
- Module:Political party/W
- Module:Political party/X
- Module:Political party/Y
- Module:Political party/Z
Brackets edit
| Brackets | ||
|---|---|---|
- Sample
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
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| 7 | 7 | |||
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| 11 | 11 | |||
| 12 | ||||
| 13 | 13 | 13 | ||
| 14 | ||||
| 15 | 15 | |||
| 16 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | |||
| 4 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
| 6 | ||||
| 7 | 7 | |||
| 8 | ||||
| 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |
| 10 | ||||
| 11 | 11 | |||
| 12 | ||||
| 13 | 13 | 13 | ||
| 14 | ||||
| 15 | 15 | |||
| 16 |
(Different sports use different methodologies.)
See [here].
World Cruiserweight Championship Boxing edit
Classic era edit
World Light-Heavyweight Championship Boxing edit
Classic era edit
Metric prefix edit
| Metric prefix | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | prefix | — | ||||
| 10−24 | yocto | 10−24 | ||||
| 10−21 | zepto | 10−21 | ||||
| 10−18 | atto | 10−18 | ||||
| 10−15 | femto | 10−15 | ||||
| 10−12 | pico | 10−12 | ||||
| 10−9 | nano | 10−9 | ||||
| 10−6 | micro | 10−6 | ||||
| 10−3 | milli | 10−3 | ||||
| 100 | — | 100 | ||||
| 103 | kilo | 103 | ||||
| 106 | mega | 106 | ||||
| 109 | giga | 109 | ||||
| 1012 | tera | 1012 | ||||
| 1015 | peta | 1015 | ||||
| 1018 | exa | 1018 | ||||
| 1021 | zetta | 1021 | ||||
| 1024 | yotta | 1024 | ||||
| — | prefix | — | ||||
| — | ||||||
Star of Bethlehem edit
`
Pole star edit
Northern pole star (North Star) – Alpha Ursae Minoris (Polaris)
Southern pole star (South Star) – Sigma Octantis (Polaris Australis)
Symbols edit
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Boxes edit
| — | ||||||
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OR
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| — | A | — | ||||
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Geographic location edit
| # | Compass point | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | North | N |
| 2 | North by east | NbE |
| 3 | North-northeast | NNE |
| 4 | Northeast by north | NEbN |
| 5 | Northeast | NE |
| 6 | Northeast by east | NEbE |
| 7 | East-northeast | ENE |
| 8 | East by north | EbN |
| 9 | East | E |
| 10 | East by south | EbS |
| 11 | East-southeast | ESE |
| 12 | Southeast by east | SEbE |
| 13 | Southeast | SE |
| 14 | Southeast by south | SEbS |
| 15 | South-southeast | SSE |
| 16 | South by east | SbE |
| 17 | South | S |
| 18 | South by west | SbW |
| 19 | South-southwest | SSW |
| 20 | Southwest by south | SWbS |
| 21 | Southwest | SW |
| 22 | Southwest by west | SWbW |
| 23 | West-southwest | WSW |
| 24 | West by south | WbS |
| 25 | West | W |
| 26 | West by north | WbN |
| 27 | West-northwest | WNW |
| 28 | Northwest by west | NWbW |
| 29 | Northwest | NW |
| 30 | Northwest by north | NWbN |
| 31 | North-northwest | NNW |
| 32 | North by west | NbW |
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