Seniority in the United States House of Representatives

This is a complete list of current members of the United States House of Representatives based on seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. Representatives whose terms begin the same day are ranked alphabetically by last name.

Seniority calculation edit

Seniority is calculated by:

  1. Number of total terms served (subtracting one term from the number of non-consecutive terms)
  2. Number of consecutive terms served
  3. Alphabetically by last name[1]

An additional clause applies for representatives that have a prior tenure of less than two terms. In this case, they will have preference over all other members who are freshmen by tenure.[citation needed]

An example of this ranking system is Rep. Pete Sessions had previously served eleven terms, from 1997 to 2019 (after his defeat in the 2018 midterms), when he was once again elected in 2020. Instead of holding seniority with others whose terms began January 3, 2021, he was credited with ten terms, and holds seniority above all representatives whose terms began on or after January 3, 2001.

Benefits of seniority edit

Committee leadership in the House is often associated with seniority, especially in the Democratic Caucus. The Republican leadership, in comparison with the Democratic Party, prioritizes voting records and campaign fundraising over seniority for committee leadership.[2] Party leadership in the House is not strictly associated with seniority.

The more senior a representative is, the more likely the representative is to receive desirable committee assignments or leadership posts. Seniority also affects access to more desirable office space in the House Office Buildings:[3] after an office is vacated, members next in seniority can choose whether to move into it. Only after allocations for existing members are complete can incoming members be assigned offices via the congressional office lottery.[4]

Vacancies edit

Current seniority list edit

Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions
1 Hal Rogers R Kentucky 5 January 3, 1981 Dean of the House
2 Chris Smith R New Jersey 4  
3 Steny Hoyer D Maryland 5 May 19, 1981
4 Marcy Kaptur D Ohio 9 January 3, 1983
5 Nancy Pelosi D California 11 June 2, 1987 Speaker Emerita of the House
6 Frank Pallone D New Jersey 6 November 8, 1988 Ranking Member: Energy and Commerce
7 Richard Neal D Massachusetts 1 January 3, 1989 Ranking Member: Ways and Means
8 Rosa DeLauro D Connecticut 3 January 3, 1991 Ranking Member: Appropriations
9 Maxine Waters D California 43 Ranking Member: Financial Services
10 Jerry Nadler D New York 12 November 3, 1992 Ranking Member: Judiciary
11 Sanford Bishop D Georgia 2 January 3, 1993  
12 Ken Calvert R California 41
13 Jim Clyburn D South Carolina 6 Assistant Democratic Leader
14 Anna Eshoo D California 16  
15 Bobby Scott D Virginia 3 Ranking Member: Education and the Workforce
16 Nydia Velázquez D New York 7 Ranking Member: Small Business
17 Bennie Thompson D Mississippi 2 April 13, 1993 Ranking Member: Homeland Security
18 Frank Lucas R Oklahoma 3 May 10, 1994 Chair: Science, Space and Technology
19 Lloyd Doggett D Texas 37 January 3, 1995  
20 Sheila Jackson Lee D Texas 18
21 Zoe Lofgren D California 18 Ranking Member: Science, Space and Technology
22 Earl Blumenauer D Oregon 3 May 21, 1996  
23 Robert Aderholt R Alabama 4 January 3, 1997
24 Danny K. Davis D Illinois 7
25 Diana DeGette D Colorado 1
26 Kay Granger R Texas 12 Chair: Appropriations
27 Jim McGovern D Massachusetts 2 Ranking Member: Rules
28 Bill Pascrell D New Jersey 9  
29 Brad Sherman D California 32
30 Adam Smith D Washington 9 Ranking Member: Armed Services
31 Gregory Meeks D New York 5 February 3, 1998 Ranking Member: Foreign Affairs
32 Barbara Lee D California 12 April 7, 1998  
33 John B. Larson D Connecticut 1 January 3, 1999
34 Grace Napolitano D California 31
35 Jan Schakowsky D Illinois 9
36 Mike Simpson R Idaho 2
37 Mike Thompson D California 4
38 Pete Sessions R Texas 17 January 3, 2021 1997–2019
39 Sam Graves R Missouri 6 January 3, 2001 Chair: Transportation and Infrastructure
40 Rick Larsen D Washington 2 Ranking Member: Transportation and Infrastructure
41 Betty McCollum D Minnesota 4  
42 Adam Schiff D California 30
43 Stephen F. Lynch D Massachusetts 8 October 16, 2001
44 Joe Wilson R South Carolina 2 December 18, 2001
45 Michael C. Burgess R Texas 26 January 3, 2003
46 John Carter R Texas 31
47 Tom Cole R Oklahoma 4 Chair: Rules
48 Mario Díaz-Balart R Florida 26  
49 Raúl Grijalva D Arizona 7 Ranking Member: Natural Resources
50 Mike Rogers R Alabama 3 Chair: Armed Services
51 Dutch Ruppersberger D Maryland 2  
52 Linda Sánchez D California 38
53 David Scott D Georgia 13 Ranking Member: Agriculture
54 Mike Turner R Ohio 10 Chair: Intelligence
55 Darrell Issa R California 48 January 3, 2021 2001–2019  
56 Emanuel Cleaver D Missouri 5 January 3, 2005
57 Jim Costa D California 21
58 Henry Cuellar D Texas 28
59 Virginia Foxx R North Carolina 5 Chair: Education and the Workforce
60 Al Green D Texas 9  
61 Michael McCaul R Texas 10 Chair: Foreign Affairs
62 Patrick McHenry R North Carolina 10 Chair: Financial Services
63 Cathy McMorris Rodgers R Washington 5 Chair: Energy and Commerce
64 Gwen Moore D Wisconsin 4  
65 Debbie Wasserman Schultz D Florida 25
66 Doris Matsui D California 7 March 8, 2005
67 Gus Bilirakis R Florida 12 January 3, 2007
68 Vern Buchanan R Florida 16
69 Kathy Castor D Florida 14
70 Yvette Clarke D New York 9
71 Steve Cohen D Tennessee 9
72 Joe Courtney D Connecticut 2
73 Hank Johnson D Georgia 4
74 Jim Jordan R Ohio 4 Chair: Judiciary
75 Doug Lamborn R Colorado 5  
76 John Sarbanes D Maryland 3
77 Adrian Smith R Nebraska 3
78 Bob Latta R Ohio 5 December 11, 2007
79 Rob Wittman R Virginia 1
80 André Carson D Indiana 7 March 11, 2008
81 Steve Scalise R Louisiana 1 May 3, 2008 Majority Leader
82 Gerry Connolly D Virginia 11 January 3, 2009  
83 Brett Guthrie R Kentucky 2
84 Jim Himes D Connecticut 4 Ranking Member: Intelligence
85 Blaine Luetkemeyer R Missouri 3  
86 Tom McClintock R California 5
87 Chellie Pingree D Maine 1
88 Bill Posey R Florida 8
89 Glenn Thompson R Pennsylvania 15 Chair: Agriculture
90 Paul Tonko D New York 20  
91 Mike Quigley D Illinois 5 April 7, 2009
92 Judy Chu D California 28 July 14, 2009
93 John Garamendi D California 8 November 3, 2009
94 Tim Walberg R Michigan 5 January 3, 2011 2007–2009
95 Bill Foster D Illinois 11 January 3, 2013 2008–2011
96 Kweisi Mfume D Maryland 7 April 28, 2020 1987–1996
97 Larry Bucshon R Indiana 8 January 3, 2011
98 Rick Crawford R Arkansas 1
99 Scott DesJarlais R Tennessee 4
100 Jeff Duncan R South Carolina 3
101 Chuck Fleischmann R Tennessee 3
102 Paul Gosar R Arizona 9
103 Morgan Griffith R Virginia 9
104 Andy Harris R Maryland 1
105 Bill Huizenga R Michigan 4
106 Bill Keating D Massachusetts 9
107 Mike Kelly R Pennsylvania 16
108 David Schweikert R Arizona 1
109 Austin Scott R Georgia 8
110 Terri Sewell D Alabama 7
111 Daniel Webster R Florida 11
112 Frederica Wilson D Florida 24
113 Steve Womack R Arkansas 3
114 Mark Amodei R Nevada 2 September 13, 2011
115 Suzanne Bonamici D Oregon 1 January 31, 2012
116 Suzan DelBene D Washington 1 November 6, 2012
117 Thomas Massie R Kentucky 4
118 Donald Payne Jr. D New Jersey 10
119 Dina Titus D Nevada 1 January 3, 2013 2009–2011
120 Andy Barr R Kentucky 6
121 Joyce Beatty D Ohio 3
122 Ami Bera D California 6
123 Julia Brownley D California 26
124 Tony Cárdenas D California 29
125 Matt Cartwright D Pennsylvania 8
126 Joaquin Castro D Texas 20
127 Lois Frankel D Florida 22
128 Richard Hudson R North Carolina 9
129 Jared Huffman D California 2
130 Hakeem Jeffries D New York 8 Minority Leader
131 David Joyce R Ohio 14  
132 Dan Kildee D Michigan 8
133 Derek Kilmer D Washington 6
134 Annie Kuster D New Hampshire 2
135 Doug LaMalfa R California 1
136 Grace Meng D New York 6
137 Scott Perry R Pennsylvania 10
138 Scott Peters D California 50
139 Mark Pocan D Wisconsin 2
140 Raul Ruiz D California 25
141 Eric Swalwell D California 14
142 Mark Takano D California 39 Ranking Member: Veterans' Affairs
143 Juan Vargas D California 52  
144 Marc Veasey D Texas 33
145 Ann Wagner R Missouri 2
146 Randy Weber R Texas 14
147 Brad Wenstrup R Ohio 2
148 Roger Williams R Texas 25 Chair: Small Business
149 Robin Kelly D Illinois 2 April 9, 2013  
150 Jason Smith R Missouri 8 June 4, 2013 Chair: Ways and Means
151 Katherine Clark D Massachusetts 5 December 10, 2013 Minority Whip
152 Alma Adams D North Carolina 12 November 4, 2014  
153 Donald Norcross D New Jersey 1
154 Ed Case D Hawaii 1 January 3, 2019 2002–2007
155 Pete Aguilar D California 33 January 3, 2015 Democratic Caucus Chair
156 Rick W. Allen R Georgia 12  
157 Brian Babin R Texas 36
158 Don Beyer D Virginia 8
159 Mike Bost R Illinois 12 Chair: Veterans' Affairs
160 Brendan Boyle D Pennsylvania 2 Ranking Member: Budget
161 Ken Buck R Colorado 4  
162 Buddy Carter R Georgia 1
163 Mark DeSaulnier D California 10
164 Debbie Dingell D Michigan 6
165 Tom Emmer R Minnesota 6 Majority Whip
166 Ruben Gallego D Arizona 3  
167 Garret Graves R Louisiana 6
168 Glenn Grothman R Wisconsin 6
169 French Hill R Arkansas 2
170 Ted Lieu D California 36
171 Barry Loudermilk R Georgia 11
172 John Moolenaar R Michigan 2
173 Alex Mooney R West Virginia 2
174 Seth Moulton D Massachusetts 6
175 Dan Newhouse R Washington 4
176 Gary Palmer R Alabama 6
177 David Rouzer R North Carolina 7
178 Elise Stefanik R New York 21 Republican Conference Chairwoman
179 Norma Torres D California 35  
180 Bonnie Watson Coleman D New Jersey 12
181 Bruce Westerman R Arkansas 4 Chair: Natural Resources
182 Trent Kelly R Mississippi 1 June 2, 2015  
183 Darin LaHood R Illinois 16 September 10, 2015
184 Warren Davidson R Ohio 8 June 7, 2016
185 James Comer R Kentucky 1 November 8, 2016 Chair: Oversight and Accountability
186 Dwight Evans D Pennsylvania 3  
187 Brad Schneider D Illinois 10 January 3, 2017 2013–2015
188 David Valadao R California 22 January 3, 2021 2013–2019
189 Jodey Arrington R Texas 19 January 3, 2017 Chair: Budget
190 Don Bacon R Nebraska 2  
191 Jim Banks R Indiana 3
192 Nanette Barragán D California 44
193 Jack Bergman R Michigan 1
194 Andy Biggs R Arizona 5
195 Lisa Blunt Rochester D Delaware at-large
196 Salud Carbajal D California 24
197 Lou Correa D California 46
198 Neal Dunn R Florida 2
199 Adriano Espaillat D New York 13
200 Drew Ferguson R Georgia 3
201 Brian Fitzpatrick R Pennsylvania 1
202 Matt Gaetz R Florida 1
203 Mike Gallagher R Wisconsin 8
204 Vicente Gonzalez D Texas 34
205 Josh Gottheimer D New Jersey 5
206 Clay Higgins R Louisiana 3
207 Pramila Jayapal D Washington 7
208 Mike Johnson R Louisiana 4 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
209 Ro Khanna D California 17  
210 Raja Krishnamoorthi D Illinois 8
211 David Kustoff R Tennessee 8
212 Brian Mast R Florida 21
213 Jimmy Panetta D California 19
214 Jamie Raskin D Maryland 8 Ranking Member: Oversight and Accountability
215 John Rutherford R Florida 5  
216 Lloyd Smucker R Pennsylvania 11
217 Darren Soto D Florida 9
218 Ron Estes R Kansas 4 April 11, 2017
219 Jimmy Gomez D California 34 June 6, 2017
220 Ralph Norman R South Carolina 5 June 20, 2017
221 John Curtis R Utah 3 November 7, 2017
222 Debbie Lesko R Arizona 8 April 24, 2018
223 Michael Cloud R Texas 27 June 30, 2018
224 Troy Balderson R Ohio 12 August 7, 2018
225 Kevin Hern R Oklahoma 1 November 6, 2018
226 Joseph Morelle D New York 25 Ranking Member: House Administration
227 Mary Gay Scanlon D Pennsylvania 5  
228 Susan Wild D Pennsylvania 7 Ranking Member: Ethics
229 Steven Horsford D Nevada 4 January 3, 2019 2013–2015  
230 Tom Suozzi D New York 3 February 28, 2024 2017–2023
231 Colin Allred D Texas 32 January 3, 2019
232 Kelly Armstrong R North Dakota at-large
233 Jim Baird R Indiana 4
234 Tim Burchett R Tennessee 2
235 Sean Casten D Illinois 6
236 Ben Cline R Virginia 6
237 Angie Craig D Minnesota 2
238 Dan Crenshaw R Texas 2
239 Jason Crow D Colorado 6
240 Sharice Davids D Kansas 3
241 Madeleine Dean D Pennsylvania 4
242 Veronica Escobar D Texas 16
243 Lizzie Fletcher D Texas 7
244 Russ Fulcher R Idaho 1
245 Chuy García D Illinois 4
246 Sylvia Garcia D Texas 29
247 Jared Golden D Maine 2
248 Lance Gooden R Texas 5
249 Mark Green R Tennessee 7 Chair: Homeland Security
250 Michael Guest R Mississippi 3 Chair: Ethics
251 Josh Harder D California 9  
252 Jahana Hayes D Connecticut 5
253 Chrissy Houlahan D Pennsylvania 6
254 Dusty Johnson R South Dakota at-large
255 John Joyce R Pennsylvania 13
256 Andy Kim D New Jersey 3
257 Susie Lee D Nevada 3
258 Mike Levin D California 49
259 Lucy McBath D Georgia 7
260 Dan Meuser R Pennsylvania 9
261 Carol Miller R West Virginia 1
262 Joe Neguse D Colorado 2
263 Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez D New York 14
264 Ilhan Omar D Minnesota 5
265 Chris Pappas D New Hampshire 1
266 Greg Pence R Indiana 6
267 Dean Phillips D Minnesota 3
268 Katie Porter D California 47
269 Ayanna Pressley D Massachusetts 7
270 Guy Reschenthaler R Pennsylvania 14
271 John Rose R Tennessee 6
272 Chip Roy R Texas 21
273 Kim Schrier D Washington 8
274 Mikie Sherrill D New Jersey 11
275 Elissa Slotkin D Michigan 7
276 Abigail Spanberger D Virginia 7
277 Greg Stanton D Arizona 4
278 Pete Stauber R Minnesota 8
279 Bryan Steil R Wisconsin 1 Chair: House Administration
280 Greg Steube R Florida 17  
281 Haley Stevens D Michigan 11
282 William Timmons R South Carolina 4
283 Rashida Tlaib D Michigan 12
284 Lori Trahan D Massachusetts 3
285 David Trone D Maryland 6
286 Lauren Underwood D Illinois 14
287 Jeff Van Drew R[b] New Jersey 2
288 Michael Waltz R Florida 6
289 Jennifer Wexton D Virginia 10
290 Dan Bishop R North Carolina 8 September 10, 2019
291 Greg Murphy R North Carolina 3
292 Mike Garcia R California 27 May 12, 2020
293 Tom Tiffany R Wisconsin 7
294 Claudia Tenney R New York 24 February 11, 2021 2017–2019
295 Jake Auchincloss D Massachusetts 4 January 3, 2021
296 Cliff Bentz R Oregon 2
297 Stephanie Bice R Oklahoma 5
298 Lauren Boebert R Colorado 3
299 Jamaal Bowman D New York 16
300 Cori Bush D Missouri 1
301 Kat Cammack R Florida 3
302 Jerry Carl R Alabama 1
303 Andrew Clyde R Georgia 9
304 Byron Donalds R Florida 19
305 Pat Fallon R Texas 4
306 Randy Feenstra R Iowa 4
307 Michelle Fischbach R Minnesota 7
308 Scott L. Fitzgerald R Wisconsin 5
309 Scott Franklin R Florida 18
310 Andrew Garbarino R New York 2
311 Carlos A. Giménez R Florida 28
312 Tony Gonzales R Texas 23
313 Bob Good R Virginia 5
314 Marjorie Taylor Greene R Georgia 14
315 Diana Harshbarger R Tennessee 1
316 Ashley Hinson R Iowa 2
317 Ronny Jackson R Texas 13
318 Sara Jacobs D California 51
319 Young Kim R California 40
320 Jake LaTurner R Kansas 2
321 Teresa Leger Fernandez D New Mexico 3
322 Nancy Mace R South Carolina 1
323 Nicole Malliotakis R New York 11
324 Tracey Mann R Kansas 1
325 Kathy Manning D North Carolina 6
326 Lisa McClain R Michigan 9
327 Mary Miller R Illinois 15
328 Mariannette Miller-Meeks R Iowa 1
329 Barry Moore R Alabama 2
330 Blake Moore R Utah 1
331 Frank J. Mrvan D Indiana 1
332 Troy Nehls R Texas 22
333 Jay Obernolte R California 23
334 Burgess Owens R Utah 4
335 August Pfluger R Texas 11
336 Matt Rosendale R Montana 2
337 Deborah K. Ross D North Carolina 2
338 María Elvira Salazar R Florida 27
339 Victoria Spartz R Indiana 5
340 Michelle Steel R California 45
341 Marilyn Strickland D Washington 10
342 Ritchie Torres D New York 15
343 Beth Van Duyne R Texas 24
344 Nikema Williams D Georgia 5
345 Julia Letlow R Louisiana 5 March 20, 2021
346 Troy Carter D Louisiana 2 April 24, 2021
347 Melanie Stansbury D New Mexico 1 June 1, 2021
348 Jake Ellzey R Texas 6 July 27, 2021
349 Shontel Brown D Ohio 11 November 2, 2021
350 Mike Carey R Ohio 15
351 Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick D Florida 20 January 11, 2022
352 Mike Flood R Nebraska 1 June 28, 2022
353 Brad Finstad R Minnesota 1 August 9, 2022
354 Mary Peltola D Alaska at-large August 16, 2022
355 Pat Ryan D New York 18 August 23, 2022
356 Rudy Yakym R Indiana 2 November 8, 2022
357 Ryan Zinke R Montana 1 January 3, 2023 2015–2017
358 Mark Alford R Missouri 4
359 Becca Balint D Vermont at-large
360 Aaron Bean R Florida 4
361 Josh Brecheen R Oklahoma 2
362 Nikki Budzinski D Illinois 13
363 Eric Burlison R Missouri 7
364 Yadira Caraveo D Colorado 8
365 Greg Casar D Texas 35
366 Lori Chavez-DeRemer R Oregon 5
367 Juan Ciscomani R Arizona 6
368 Mike Collins R Georgia 10
369 Eli Crane R Arizona 2
370 Jasmine Crockett D Texas 30
371 Anthony D'Esposito R New York 4
372 Donald G. Davis D North Carolina 1
373 Monica De La Cruz R Texas 15
374 Chris Deluzio D Pennsylvania 17
375 John Duarte R California 13
376 Chuck Edwards R North Carolina 11
377 Mike Ezell R Mississippi 4
378 Valerie Foushee D North Carolina 4
379 Maxwell Frost D Florida 10
380 Russell Fry R South Carolina 7
381 Robert Garcia D California 42
382 Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez D Washington 3
383 Dan Goldman D New York 10
384 Harriet Hageman R Wyoming at-large
385 Erin Houchin R Indiana 9
386 Val Hoyle D Oregon 4
387 Wesley Hunt R Texas 38
388 Glenn Ivey D Maryland 4
389 Jeff Jackson D North Carolina 14
390 Jonathan Jackson D Illinois 1
391 John E. James R Michigan 10
392 Sydney Kamlager D California 37
393 Thomas Kean Jr. R New Jersey 7
394 Jen Kiggans R Virginia 2
395 Kevin Kiley R California 3
396 Nick LaLota R New York 1
397 Greg Landsman D Ohio 1
398 Nick Langworthy R New York 23
399 Mike Lawler R New York 17
400 Laurel Lee R Florida 15
401 Summer Lee D Pennsylvania 12
402 Anna Paulina Luna R Florida 13
403 Morgan Luttrell R Texas 8
404 Seth Magaziner D Rhode Island 2
405 Rich McCormick R Georgia 6
406 Morgan McGarvey D Kentucky 3
407 Rob Menendez D New Jersey 8
408 Max Miller R Ohio 7
409 Cory Mills R Florida 7
410 Marc Molinaro R New York 19
411 Nathaniel Moran R Texas 1
412 Jared Moskowitz D Florida 23
413 Kevin Mullin D California 15
414 Wiley Nickel D North Carolina 13
415 Zach Nunn R Iowa 3
416 Andy Ogles R Tennessee 5
417 Brittany Pettersen D Colorado 7
418 Delia Ramirez D Illinois 3
419 Andrea Salinas D Oregon 6
420 Hillary Scholten D Michigan 3
421 Keith Self R Texas 3
422 Eric Sorensen D Illinois 17
423 Dale Strong R Alabama 5
424 Emilia Sykes D Ohio 13
425 Shri Thanedar D Michigan 13
426 Jill Tokuda D Hawaii 2
427 Derrick Van Orden R Wisconsin 3
428 Gabe Vasquez D New Mexico 2
429 Brandon Williams R New York 22
430 Jennifer McClellan D Virginia 4 February 21, 2023
431 Gabe Amo D Rhode Island 1 November 7, 2023
432 Celeste Maloy R Utah 2 November 21, 2023
Rank Member Party District Seniority date Previous service[a]
Committee and leadership positions

Delegates edit

Delegates are non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives.

Rank Delegate Party District Seniority date
(previous service, if any)
1 Eleanor Holmes Norton D District of Columbia at-large January 3, 1991
2 Gregorio Sablan D[b] Northern Mariana Islands at-large January 3, 2009
3 Stacey Plaskett D United States Virgin Islands at-large January 3, 2015
4 Amata Coleman Radewagen R American Samoa at-large
5 Jenniffer González NPP/R Puerto Rico at-large January 3, 2017
6 James Moylan R Guam at-large January 3, 2023

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Members elected with substantial prior service receive credit for part of that service when calculating seniority.
  2. ^ a b A party change does not affect seniority.

References edit

  1. ^ "Terms of Service for Members of the House of Representatives". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 28, 2020.
  2. ^ "House Seniority and Committee Leadership". U.S. News & World Report. December 8, 2006.
  3. ^ Goodwin, George (1959). "The Seniority System in Congress". The American Political Science Review. pp. 412–436. doi:10.2307/1952154. Retrieved 15 August 2022 – via JSTOR.
  4. ^ Langhorne, Thomas B. (October 16, 2018). "Scramble for office space in Congress is about status". Evansville Courier & Press. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
  5. ^ Brooks, Emily (19 December 2023). "Kevin McCarthy submits official House resignation". The Hill. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  6. ^ Adragna, Anthony (2 January 2024). "Bill Johnson plans Jan. 21 House resignation to become Youngstown St. president". Politico. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  7. ^ Zremski, Jerry (January 27, 2024). "Brian Higgins to leave Congress on Friday". The Buffalo News. Retrieved February 2, 2024.

External links edit