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1912 United States House of Representatives elections

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Elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1912 were held for members of the 63rd Congress, coinciding with the election of President Woodrow Wilson.

1912 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1910 November 5, 1912[a] 1914 →
All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
218 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
  ChampClark.jpg James Robert Mann 1909.jpg
Leader Champ Clark James Mann
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1911
Leader's seat Missouri 5th Illinois 2nd
Last election 230 seats 163 seats[b]
Seats won 291[1][2] 134[1][2]
Seat change Increase 61 Decrease 29
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Socialist Progressive
Last election 1 seat 0 seats
Seats won 0[1][2] 9[1][2]
Seat change Decrease 1 Increase 9
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 0 seats
Seats won 1
Seat change Increase 1
1912 House of Rep. Diagram.svg
Speaker before election

Champ Clark
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Champ Clark
Democratic

Wilson's victory was partly due to the division of the opposition Republican Party into conservative and progressive factions. While many progressives stayed within the party framework, they maintained lukewarm relationships with Republican leadership. Others formed a third party known as the Progressives and several switched allegiance to the Democrats. A message of unity was portrayed by the Democrats, allowing this group to present themselves as above the bickering and corruption that had become associated with the Republican internal feud. Many of the new seats that were added after the prior census ended up in Democratic hands. In addition, William Kent, who had been elected to the House as a Republican in 1908, was elected to California's 1st congressional district as an Independent.

The number of representatives was increased for this election to 435, where it currently stands (aside from 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states).

Election summariesEdit

In reapportionment following the 1910 census,[citation needed] 41 new seats were added, bringing the House to its modern size. This would be the last time the size of the House changed, except for a temporary addition of two seats in 1959 after the admission of Alaska and Hawaii and subsequent return to 435 in 1963. In the reapportionment, 1 state lost 1 seat, 22 states had no change in apportionment, 16 states gained 1 seat each, 5 states gained 2 seats each, 2 states gained 3 seats, 1 state gained 4 seats, and 1 state gained 6 seats. Twelve states used at-large seats in addition to districts to elect new seats.

↓
291 1 9 134
Democratic I P Republican
House seats
Democratic
 
 66.90%
Independent
 
 0.23%
Progressive
 
 2.07%
Republican
 
 30.80%
State Type Total seats
(After reapportionment) 		Democratic Republican Progressive Independent
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District
+at-large[c]		 10   1 10   1 0   0   0  
Arizona At-large 1   1   0   0   0  
Arkansas District 7   7   0   0   0  
California District 11   3 3   2 7   0   1   1
Colorado District
+2 at-large[c]		 4   1 4   1 0   0   0  
Connecticut District 5   5   4 0   4 0   0  
Delaware At-large 1   1   1 0   1 0   0  
Florida District
+at-large[c]		 4   1 4   1 0   0   0  
Georgia District 12   1 12   1 0   0   0  
Idaho At-large 2   1 0   2   1 0   0  
Illinois District
+2 at-large[c]		 27   2 20   9 5   9 2   2 0  
Indiana District 13   13   1 0   1 0   0  
Iowa District 11   3   2 8   2 0   0  
Kansas District 8   5   5 3   5 0   0  
Kentucky District 11   9   2   0   0  
Louisiana District 8   1 8   1 0   0   0  
Maine[d] District 4   1   1 3   1 0   0  
Maryland District 6   6   1 0   1 0   0  
Massachusetts District 16   2 7   3 9   1 0   0  
Michigan District
+at-large[c]		 13   1 2   9   1 2   2 0  
Minnesota District
+at-large[c]		 10   1 1   9   1 0   0  
Mississippi District 8   8   0   0   0  
Missouri District 16   15   2 1   2 0   0  
Montana At-large 2   1 2   2 0   1 0   0  
Nebraska District 6   3   3   0   0  
Nevada At-large 1   0   1   0   0  
New Hampshire District 2   2   2 0   2 0   0  
New Jersey District 12   2 11   4 1   2 0   0  
New Mexico At-large 1   1 1   0   1 0   0  
New York District 43   6 31   8 11   3 1   1 0  
North Carolina District 10   10   0   0   0  
North Dakota District 3   1 0   3   1 0   0  
Ohio District
+at-large[c]		 22   1 19   3 3   2 0   0  
Oklahoma District
+3 at-large[c]		 8   3 6   3 2   0   0  
Oregon District 3   1 0   3   1 0   0  
Pennsylvania District
+4 at-large[c]		 36   4 12   4 22   2 2   2 0  
Rhode Island District 3   1 2   1 1   0   0  
South Carolina District 7   7   0   0   0  
South Dakota District 3   1 0   3   1 0   0  
Tennessee District 10   8   2   0   0  
Texas District
+2 at-large[c]		 18   2 18   2 0   0   0  
Utah At-large 2   1 0   2   1 0   0  
Vermont[d] District 2   0   2   0   0  
Virginia District 10   9   1   0   0  
Washington District
+2 at-large[c]		 5   2 0   3   2   2 0  
West Virginia District
+at-large[c]		 6   1 2   2 4   3 0   0  
Wisconsin District 11   3   1 8  [e] 0   0  
Wyoming At-large 1   0   1   0   0  
Total 435   41 291
66.9% 		  61 134
30.8% 		  29 9
2.1% 		  9 1
0.2% 		  1
 
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+ to 100% Democratic
  80+ to 100% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
 
Net gain in party representation (stripes indicate mixed gains)
  6+ Democratic gain
    
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Progressive gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Early election datesEdit

Two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early in 1912:

This was the last year that Vermont held early elections.

Special electionsEdit

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

There were special elections in 1912 to the 57th United States Congress.

Special elections are sorted by date then district.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent died July 6, 1901.
New member elected November 5, 1901.
Democratic hold.
Winner was seated December 2, 1901.[3]
Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.

AlabamaEdit

ArizonaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Arizona
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Arizona at-large

ArkansasEdit

CaliforniaEdit

Main article: 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States Representatives from California
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
California 1 William Kent
Redistricted from the 2nd district 		Republican 1910 Incumbent re-elected as an Independent.
Independent gain.
  •  Y William Kent (Independent) 37.27%
  • I. G. Zumwalt (Democratic) 34.37%
  • Edward H. Hart (Republican) 19.40%
  • Joseph Bredsteen (Socialist) 8.96%
California 2 John E. Raker
Redistricted from the 1st district 		Democratic 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y John E. Raker (Democratic) 62.64%
  • Frank M. Rutherford (Republican) 27.17%
  • J. C. Williams (Socialist) 10.19%
California 3 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y Charles F. Curry (Republican) 58.85%
  • Gilbert McMillan Ross (Democratic) 28.79%
  • William L. Wilson (Socialist) 12.36%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 56.09%
  • Bert Schlesinger (Democratic) 32.72%
  • Norman W. Pendleton (Socialist) 11.19%
California 5 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  •  Y John I. Nolan (Republican) 52.27%
  • Stephen V. Costello (Democratic) 34.69%
  • E. L. Reguin (Socialist) 13.04%
California 6 Joseph R. Knowland
Redistricted from the 3rd district 		Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 53.70%
  • J. Stitt Wilson (Socialist) 40.00%
  • Hiram A Luttrell (Democratic) 6.31%
California 7 James C. Needham
Redistricted from the 6th district 		Republican 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  •  Y Denver S. Church (Democratic) 44.05%
  • James C. Needham (Republican) 42.65%
  • J. S. Cato (Socialist) 13.30%
California 8 Everis A. Hayes
Redistricted from the 5th district 		Republican 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 50.95%
  • James B. Holohan (Democratic) 35.18%
  • Robert Whitaker (Socialist) 13.86%
California 9 None (District created) New seat.
New member elected.
Progressive gain.
  •  Y Charles W. Bell (Progressive) 47.25%
  • Thomas H. Kirk (Democratic) 23.87%
  • Ralph L. Criswell (Socialist) 18.22%
  • George S. Yarnall (Prohibition) 10.66%
California 10 William Stephens
Redistricted from the 7th district 		Republican 1910 Incumbent re-elected to different party.
Progressive gain.
  •  Y William Stephens (Progressive) 53.45%
  • George Ringo (Democratic) 21.91%
  • Fred C. Wheeler (Socialist) 20.98%
  • Emory D. Martindale (Prohibition) 3.67%
California 11 Sylvester C. Smith
Redistricted from the 8th district 		Republican 1904 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Incumbent died before the Congress ended.
  •  Y William Kettner (Democratic) 42.69%
  • Samuel C. Evans (Republican) 36.85%
  • Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 12.14%
  • Helen M. Stoddard (Prohibition) 8.33%

ColoradoEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Colorado
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Colorado 1 Atterson W. Rucker Democratic 1908 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y George Kindel (Democratic) 45.8%
  • W.J. Crank (Progressive) 25.33%
  • Rice W. Means (Republican) 20.93%
  • John W. Martin (Socialist) 5.68%
  • Otto A. Reinhardt (Prohibition) 2.22%[4]
Colorado 2
Colorado 3
Colorado 4

ConnecticutEdit

DelawareEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Delaware
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Delaware at-large

FloridaEdit

Main article: 1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 78.5%
  • C. C. Allen (Socialist) 12.0%
  • George W. Beall (Republican) 4.9%
  • J. D. Hazzard (Progressive) 3.0%
  • George C. Kelley (Prohibition) 1.6%
Florida 2 Frank Clark Democratic 1904 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Frank Clark (Democratic) 81.1%
  • J. J. Collins (Socialist) 7.3%
  • John W. Howell (Republican) 6.7%
  • C. E. Speir (Progressive) 4.9%
Florida 3 Dannite H. Mays Democratic 1908 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  •  Y Emmett Wilson (Democratic) 86.4%
  • W. M. Lamberry (Socialist) 6.3%
  • Thomas F. McGourin (Republican) 4.7%
  • John T. Poder (Progressive) 2.7%
Florida at-large None (District created) New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  •  Y Claude L'Engle (Democratic) 77.4%
  • A. N. Jackson (Socialist) 8.2%
  • George W. Allen (Republican) 6.6%
  • E. R. Gunby (Progressive) 6.0%
  • Frances P. Coffin (Prohibition) 1.8%

GeorgiaEdit

IdahoEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Idaho
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Idaho at-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		Burton L. French Republican 1902
1908 (Retired)
1910 		Incumbent re-elected.
New seat New member elected.
Republican gain.

IllinoisEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Illinois
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7
Illinois 8
Illinois 9
Illinois 10
Illinois 11
Illinois 12
Illinois 13
Illinois 14
Illinois 15
Illinois 16
Illinois 17
Illinois 18
Illinois 19
Illinois 20
Illinois 21
Illinois 22
Illinois 23
Illinois 24
Illinois 25
Illinois At-large
2 seats on a general ticket 		New seat New member elected.
Democratic gain.
New seat New member elected.
Democratic gain.

IndianaEdit

IowaEdit

KansasEdit

KentuckyEdit

LouisianaEdit

MaineEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Maine
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4

MarylandEdit

MassachusettsEdit

MichiganEdit

MinnesotaEdit

MississippiEdit

MissouriEdit

MontanaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Montana
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Montana at-large
Montana at-large

NebraskaEdit

NevadaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Nevada
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Nevada at-large

New HampshireEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
New Hampshire 1
New Hampshire 2

New JerseyEdit

New MexicoEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from New Mexico
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
New Mexico at-large Harvey B. Fergusson Democratic 1911 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Harvey B. Fergusson (Democratic) 45.6%
  • Nathan Jaffa (Republican) 36.9%
  • Andrew J. Eggum (Socialist) 12.1%
  • Marcos DeBaca (Progressive) 5.5%
George Curry Republican 1911 Incumbent retired.
Seat eliminated in reapportionment.
Republican loss.

New YorkEdit

North CarolinaEdit

North DakotaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from North Dakota
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
North Dakota 1
North Dakota 2
North Dakota 3

OhioEdit

OklahomaEdit

OregonEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Oregon
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Oregon 1
Oregon 2
Oregon 3

PennsylvaniaEdit

Rhode IslandEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Rhode Island 1
Rhode Island 2
Rhode Island 3

South CarolinaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
South Carolina 1 George Swinton Legaré Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 97.2%
  • Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican) 1.8%
  • William Eberhard (Socialist) 1.0%
South Carolina 2 James F. Byrnes Democratic 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4 Joseph T. Johnson Democratic 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 J. Edwin Ellerbe Democratic 1904 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent died July 6, 1901.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.

South CarolinaEdit

South DakotaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from South Dakota
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
South Dakota 1
South Dakota 2
South Dakota 3

TennesseeEdit

TexasEdit

UtahEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Utah

The Utah election consisted of an all-party general ticket election to the two at-large seats. Howell was elected to the first at-large seat, while Johnson was elected to the second at-large seat, but they were nevertheless placed in districts.

District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Utah 1
New district 		Joseph Howell
Redistricted from the at-large seat 		Republican 1902 Incumbent re-elected.
  •  Y Joseph Howell (Republican) 19.45%
  •  Y Jacob Johnson (Republican) 18.96%
  • Mathonihah Thomas (Democratic) 16.77%
  • Tollman D. Johnson (Democratic) 16.52%
  • S.H. Love (Progressive) 10.08%
  • Lewis Larson (Progressive) 9.89%
  • Murray E. King (Socialist) 4.05%
  • William M. Knerr (Socialist) 4.04%
  • Elias Anderson (Socialist Labor) 0.23%[5]
Utah 2
New district 		New seat New member elected.
Republican gain.

VermontEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Vermont
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Vermont 1
Vermont 2

VirginiaEdit

WashingtonEdit

West VirginiaEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from West Virginia
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
West Virginia 1 John W. Davis Democratic 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 2 William Gay Brown Jr. Democratic 1910 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 3 Adam Brown Littlepage Democratic 1910 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 4 John M. Hamilton Democratic 1910 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 5 James A. Hughes Republican 1900 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia at-large New seat New member elected.
Republican gain.

WisconsinEdit

WyomingEdit

See also: List of United States Representatives from Wyoming
District Incumbent Party First
elected 		Result Candidates
Wyoming at-large

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

  1. ^ Maine and Vermont held elections early in September 1912.
  2. ^ Included one Progressive Republican.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Additional seat or seats elected at-large due to state not redistricting.
  4. ^ a b Elections held early.
  5. ^ Previous election had 1 Socialist.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ a b c d "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Martis, pp. 166–167.
  3. ^ "Fifty-seventh Congress March 4, 1901, to March 3, 1903". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved September 23, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - CO District 1 Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  5. ^ "Our Campaigns - UT At-Large Race - Nov 05, 1912". www.ourcampaigns.com.

BibliographyEdit

External linksEdit

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