Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbents may also be found in the countries' articles (main article and "Politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2020 in politics and government, and past leaders on State leaders by year and Colonial governors by year.

Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g. abdication, assassinated persons, cabinet (government), chancellor, ex-monarchs (20th century), head of government, head of state, lieutenant governor, mayor, military commanders, minister (and ministers by portfolio below), order of precedence, peerage, president, prime minister, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizationsEdit

Heads of state or governmentEdit

AfricaEdit

Eastern AfricaEdit

Horn of AfricaEdit

Middle AfricaEdit

Northern AfricaEdit

Algeria
- People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
  - Heads of state of Algeria
  - Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post)
- French Algeria (French departements)
  - French Governors of Algeria
- Ottoman regency of Algiers
  - Ottoman Pashas and Deys of the Regency of Algiers
- Tlemcen (Western Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Ziyanid dynasty
- Western Ifriqiya (Eastern Algeria) before the Ottomans
  - Hammadid dynasty
Egypt
- Rulers of Egypt
- Heads of government of Egypt
- Colonial heads of Egypt
- Pharaohs
- Egyptian dynasties
- Bahri dynasty of Egypt
- Burji dynasty of Egypt
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Fatimid Caliphs
- Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty
Libya
Morocco
Sudan (formerly Anglo-Egyptian -)
Tunisia
- Presidents of Tunisia
- Prime Ministers of Tunisia
- Beys of Tunis
- Hafsid dynasty
- Zirid dynasty
- Aghlabid dynasty
- Carthage: Kings of Carthage

Southern AfricaEdit

Western AfricaEdit

AmericasEdit

CaribbeanEdit

Central AmericaEdit

Belize
- Governors-General of Belize
- Prime Ministers of Belize
- Maya rulers of Caracol, see Caracol
Costa Rica
- Presidents of Costa Rica
El Salvador
- Presidents of El Salvador
Guatemala
- Presidents of Guatemala
- Maya rulers of Tikal, see Tikal
Honduras
- Presidents of Honduras
- Maya kings of Xukpi, see Copán
Nicaragua
- Presidents of Nicaragua
Panama
- Presidents of Panama

North AmericaEdit

Canada
- Office-holders of Canada
Mexico
- Presidents of Mexico
- Mexican monarchs
- Aztec emperors, see Hueyi Tlatoani
- Maya rulers of Calakmul, see Calakmul
- Maya rulers of Palenque, see Palenque
- Maya rulers of Tonina, see Tonina
- Toltec rulers
- Viceroys of New Spain
United States
- Office-holders of the United States

South AmericaEdit

AsiaEdit

South AsiaEdit

Western AsiaEdit

EuropeEdit

Eastern EuropeEdit

Northern EuropeEdit

United Kingdom: List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

Central EuropeEdit

Austria
- Rulers of Austria
- Emperors of Austria
- Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
- Ministers-President of Austria
- Federal Presidents of Austria
- Chancellors of Austria (Vice Chancellors of Austria)
- Habsburg
- Babenberg
- Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria
- Dukes of Styria, see Styria (duchy)
- Dukes of Carinthia, see Carinthia (duchy)
Czech Republic
Germany: Rulers of Germany
Hungary
Liechtenstein
- Princes of Liechtenstein
- Liechtenstein Heads of Government
Poland
Slovakia
Switzerland
- Members of the Swiss Federal Council
  - Presidents of the Confederation
  - Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see Military of Switzerland
  - Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see International relations of Switzerland
  - Heads of the Department of Home Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Finance
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs
  - Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police
- Federal Chancellors of Switzerland
- Presidents of the Swiss National Council
- Presidents of the Swiss Council of States
- Members of the Swiss National Council
- Members of the Swiss Council of States
- Chief Justices of the Swiss Supreme Court
- Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)

Southern EuropeEdit

Albania
Andorra
- Co-Princes of Andorra
  - Bishop of Urgell
- Prime Ministers of Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Greece: Rulers of Greece
Italy: Rulers of Italy
Kosovo
- Presidents of Kosovo
- Prime Minister of Kosovo
North Macedonia
- Presidents of North Macedonia
- Prime Ministers of North Macedonia
Malta
- Presidents of Malta, 1974–present
- Prime Ministers of Malta, 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present
- Monarchs of Malta, 1091–1798, 1800–1974
- Grand Masters of Malta, 1530–1798
- Civil Commissioners of Malta, 1799–1813
- Governors of Malta, 1813–1964
- Governors-General of Malta, 1964–1974
Montenegro
Portugal
San Marino
Serbia
Slovenia
- Presidents of Slovenia
- Prime Minister of Slovenia
Spain
Vatican City
- Popes
- Cardinal Secretary of State

Western EuropeEdit

OceaniaEdit

AustralasiaEdit

Australia

MelanesiaEdit

MicronesiaEdit

PolynesiaEdit

Religious leadersEdit

Other listsEdit

Ministers by portfolioEdit

Municipal leadersEdit

External linksEdit

Current Heads of State
Archontology, by Oleg Schultz
Rulers, by B. Schemmel - detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
World Political Leaders, by Roberto Ortiz de Zárate

This article includes an officeholders-related list of lists.