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Grytviken Kino

Guanyin or Padmapani is the goddess of mercy in Buddhist iconography

• Cinema at the whaling-stations, South Georgia…: another brief look into the Salvesen Archive

Mustang District

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From [1]

Mustang District is a Himali district, which is under the state number 4 of Nepal. The district is known as the district of Himalapari हिमालपारी due to the need to be brought to Dhulagiri Himal (8167) and Nilgiri Himal (7060). The archaeological discovery of Pichig caveas and Vedoresauro, located in Mustang district, has a history of 3000 years in history. On the Bishop map, the presence of Mustang district is located at the height of 28 degrees 33 minutes 51 seconds to 29 degrees 52 minutes 52 seconds north latitude and 83 degrees 28 minutes 54 seconds to 84 degrees 14 minutes 58 seconds long. In the east, Manang district मनाङ, Dolpa district डोल्पा in the west, Tibet in the autonomous region of China in the north तिब्वत/चीनको स्वशासित क्षेत्र तिब्बत, and Magdie म्याग्दी district in the south, the total area of ​​this district is 356.21 square km. Is there Which is 2.42 percent of the total area of ​​Nepal. The district headquarters Jomsom is at the height of 2,710 meters above sea level. From sea level to 2010 m. (Waterfall घाँसा) from 8167 m (Dhaulagiri) is the cold water cooling area of ​​Mustang district. Even in the lower part of the district, although it is relatively high, it is very low in the upper part. The average annual rainfall is 200m. And snow falls in the upper part. The maximum temperature of the summer month is 26 degrees. And at least 9 degrees in the hood month. Drops up According to the climate, the congested vegetation near the Himalayas is known as Hocha Kanada. The forest area of ​​this district is 3.24 percent of the total area ie 12,324 hectares. Biological diversity estimates that there are approximately 1,226 species of vegetation in this district. There are 474 species species of bird species, as well as animals like Himachuva, Kastri, deer, wild horse etc.

According to new structure, 5 villages: 1, Gharpajhong (administrative center Jomsom), 2, Thausang (administrative center Kobang), 3, Dalome (administrative center Charang), 4, Lo Manthang (administrative center Lo Manthang) and 5, Barhagaun Muktichhetra (administrative center Kagbeni). According to the 2068 Census, the total population is 13,452 in this district where there is an election area.

५ गाउँपालिकाहरू: १, घरपझोङ (केन्द्र जोमसोम), २,थासाङ (केन्द्र कोवाङ),३, दालोमे (केन्द्र चराङ), ४,लोमन्थाङ (केन्द्र लोमन्थाङ) र ५,वाह्रगाउँ मुक्तिक्षेत्र (केन्द्र कागवेनी) हुन।

• Gharpajhong घरपझोङ (5): स्याङ Syang, जोमसोम Jomsom, छैरो Chhairo, मार्फा Marpha, ठिनी Thini, चिमाङ Chimang
• Barhagaun Muktichhetra बाह्रगाउँ मुक्तिक्षेत्र (5): कागवेनी Kagbeni, खिङ्गा Khinga, झोङ Jhong, छुसाङ Chhusang
• Dalome दालोमे (5): घमी Ghemi, सुर्खाङ Surkhang, चराङ Charang
• Lo Manthang लोमन्थाङ (5): छोसेर Chhoser, लोमन्थाङ Lo Manthang, छोन्हुप Chhonhup
• Thasang थासाङ (5): लेते Lete, टुकुचे Tukuche, कुञ्जो Kunjo, कोवाङ Kobang

Mud forts of Panchagarh

Cyclone landfall at Sitakunda Upazila
Date	Landfall point	Wind speed (KPH)	Storm surge (meter)	Casualties
29 May 1963	Sitakunda	200	2.4 - 3.7	11,520
12 November 1970	Sitakunda	222	3.0 – 3.1	3,00,000
29 April 1991	Kumira	225	3.6 – 6.1	1,38,000
Source: CSPS (Main Report: Part-A; table 2.2)

Panchagarh is named after the five garhs or mud forts. They are Bhitargarh, Hosaingarh, Mirgarh, Rajangarh and Devengarh.

Bhitargarh Fort formed a part of the chain of early medieval mud-forts erected mostly by the Muslim rulers at different times to defend their territory against the incursion of their northern Hindu neighbours. The territory east of the Karatoya River was for sometime a part of the Ahom kingdom. In the15th century this area was included in the Tibeto-Barman Khen dynasty's territory and served as a sort of buffer state between Assam and the Muslim Kingdom of Bengal.

A survey conducted by Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyay in 1924 on the trans-Karatoya region, revealed a large number of these frontier strongholds in the district of Rangpur, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri and the neighbouring state of Kochbihar. In these areas there are a number of places known as duars meaning doorways or fords, which a labyrinth of broad and fast flowing hill-streams intersect.

The remains of a chain of such medieval forts still survive precariously in greater Rangpur and Dinajpur districts along the Karatoya River represented by a series o low earthen mounds. Included among these are the picturesque ruins of dariyaon fort near Kantaduar in Rangpur; Bhitargarh and Ghoraghat forts in Dinajpur; Batason Fort between Karatoya and Tista; Dharmapalagarh and Mainamatirgarh near Domar and Nilphamari; Baro-Paikergarh near Belwa in Dinajpur and Gosaimari fort on the Dharla river in southern part of the Kochbihar State.

After the Muslim conquest of north Bengal in the early 13th century, the frontier of the Muslim kingdom in the north gradually extended as far as the karatoya which then was a considerably larger stream. Beyond that lay the Hindu kingdoms of northeast Bengal and Assam. To arrest Muslim penetration deeper into the northeastern territories, the Ahom and Khen kings of Kamarupa built a chain of bulwarks and mud forts along the trans-Karatoya basin. Derelict remains of some of these can still be traced in Rangpur, Dinajpur, Jalpaiguri districts and adjacent Kuch Bihar state. They include Dariyaon fort near Kantaduar, Devipur, Batason in Rangpur, Mainamatirgarh and Dharmapalagarh near Domar, Baro-Paikergarh near Belwa in Dinajpur, bhitargarh in Panchagarh, Ghoraghat Fort in Dinajpur, etc.

Archaeological heritage The existence of fifteen garhs (fortifications) has hitherto been traced of which the most noted are Bhitar Garh, Hosain Garh, Mir Garh, Rajan Garh and Deven Garh. Panchagarh is named after these five garhs. Archaeological relics include Nayani Burz (bastion), remains of Atwari zamindar-bari and that of katchari-bari of Raniganj Devottvar Estate and the temple therein, Mirzapur Shahi Mosque, Tomb of Bara Awliya, tomb of Arif Shah, Maharaja Dighi (pond) at Bhitargarh, Maidan Dighi, Mughali killah (fort) at Chandan-bari, Vadeswari temple and Boda temple.

Writers: Nazimuddin Ahmed, Nazimuddin Ahmed, Md. Sherozzaman

Bibliography Abul Kalam Md Zakaria, Bangladesher Pratnasampad, Dhaka, 1980; Nazimuddin Ahmed, Discover the Monuments of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1984.

• Bhitargarh (Version)
• Dariyaon Fort (Verion)
• Panchagarh District (Version)
• Books: Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Pelagic Passageways: The Northern Bay of Bengal Before Colonialism,
• The Daily Star
• A Study on Urban Centres in Eastern India:A Special Focus on Bengal (C. 9th Century A.D. – C. 12th Century A.D)

The iconic moment

Sharmila Tagore's appearance in a bikini in An Evening in Paris set off a cultural wave in India and the film's claim of first bikini appearance of an Indian actress remains one of its most notable aspects. She also posed in a bikini for the glossy Filmfare magazine. The costume shocked the conservative Indian audience, but it also set a trend of bikini-clad actresses carried forward by Parveen Babi (in Yeh Nazdeekiyan, 1982), Zeenat Aman (in Heera Panna 1973; Qurbani, 1980) and Dimple Kapadia (in Bobby, 1973) in the early 1970s. Wearing a bikini put her name in the Indian press as one of Bollywood's ten hottest actresses of all time, and was a transgression of female identity through a reversal of the state of modesty, which functions as a signifier of femininity in Bombay films.

The cut

By 1934 the swimsuit started hugging the body and had shoulder straps to lower for tanning. Burlesque and vaudeville performers wore two-piece outfits in the 1920s, films of holidaymakers in Germany in the 1930s show women wearing two-piece suits, and in 1932 French designer Madeleine Vionnet offered an exposed midriff in an evening gown. Mack Sennett's Bathing Beauties series (1914–1919) and Dorothy Lamour's The Hurricane (1937) also showed two-piece bathing suits. In 1935 American designer Claire McCardell cut out the side panels of a maillot-style bathing suit, the bikini's forerunner. But, the modern bikini was introduced by French engineer Louis Réard and separately by fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946. Réard was a car engineer but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie boutique near Les Folies Bergère in Paris. Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume. It comprised two pieces, the bottom large enough to cover its wearer's navel. In May 1946, he advertised it as the world's "smallest bathing suit". Réard sliced the top off the bottoms and advertised it as "smaller than the smallest swimsuit". The idea struck him when he saw women rolling up their beachwear to get a better tan.

Annex

See also: Monkeyman – ThePurpleMonkey – Evil Monkey – Stoopid Monkey – Blnguyen – The Missing Monkey – Infinite monkey theorem in popular culture – Hundredth Monkey Effect – List of characters in the Super Monkey Ball series – Chinese room

Hurricanethink's Wikibio

1955-1969

Year	JM's Life	JM's Films	Other stars	Sex and censorship	Film industry
1955	Jayne Mansfield scores roles in Pete Kelly's Blues, Hell on Frisco Bay and Illegal, in which she sings and mimics Marilyn Monroe's part in Asphalt Jungle. She appears in her first Playboy spread as Playmate of the Month (she then appears in the magazine every February until 1963). She also takes the part of Rita Marlowe wearing only a towel on Broadway in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?. She takes part in a publicity campaign for the Howard Hughes film, Underwater!, starring Jane Russell.	Hell on Frisco Bay, Female Jungle, Pete Kelly's Blues, Illegal	James Dean dies.	Animal Farm and 1984, two adaptation of George Orwell's novels, were toned-down under CIA initiatives. United Artists withdraws from MPAA upon disagreement on seal of approval issues.	Fred Zinnemann's operettas Oklahoma! introduces the widescreen process. RKO Pictures sells its film library to TV. Walt Disney's film Lady and the Tramp becomes the first CinemaScope animation film. Marty becomes the first film adapted from TV to win a Academy Award for Best Picture. It also wins the Palme d'Or.
1956	Mansfield meets future husband Mickey Hargitay at a restaurant. Says to the waiter: "I'll have a steak and that man on the right." 20th Century Fox buys the rights to Rock Hunter on Broadway and shuts the show down to compel Mansfield to come back to Hollywood. It also releases Mansfield's musical comedy vehicle The Girl Can't Help It, with performances by Little Richard, Abbey Lincoln and others. She receives the Theatre World Award for her performance in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?	The Girl Can't Help It	Elvis Presley's first film, Love Me Tender, released.	—	Federico Fellini's 1954 film La Strada becomes the first official winner of Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Cecil B. DeMille makes his last film The Ten Commandments, a remake of his 1923 epic. Ampex introduces the first practical VTR equipment.
1957	Mansfield appears in the John Steinbeck's adaptation The Wayward Bus with Joan Collins, Kiss Them for Me with Cary Grant and Suzy Parker, The Burglar and reprises her role of Rita Marlowe in the screen version of Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? with Tony Randall and Hargitay. Wins a Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer. Goes on a tour of Europe for 20th Century Fox. She is presented to Queen Elizabeth. She says to the Queen: "You are so beautiful." The Queen replies: "So are you."	The Burglar, Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?, Kiss Them for Me	—	Roger Vadim's ...And God Created Woman, starring sex kitten of the 1950s Brigitte Bardot, released heavily censored in the US.	American International Pictures, a house of exploitation films, releases I Was a Teenage Werewolf, the first of many "I was a..." films. Frankenstein's monster appears in color for The Curse of Frankenstein by Universal Studios.
1958	Divorces Paul Mansfield and marries Mickey Hargitay on the same day. Hargitay and Mansfield buys the Pink Palace. The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw comes out. Miklós Jeffrey Hargitay is born.	The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw	—	The Lana Turner scandal breaks out.	Number of drive-in theaters peakes near 5,000 in the US. The Cinéma vérité techniques flourish spontaneously. The Blob, starring Steve McQueen in his first leading role, and The Fly are released. Vertigo, Alfred Hitchcock's masterpiece of obsession, and Touch of Evil, one of the last films in the film noir genre by Orson Welles, are released. Gigi wins nine Academy Awards.
1959	Wins a Golden Laurel for the Top Female Musical Performance for her role in The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw.	—	—	—	William Wyler's Roman epic Ben-Hur wins eleven Academy Awards. The Three Stooges make their 180th and last film Sappy Bullfighters. Walt Disney makes Sleeping Beauty, the most expensive animation film ever at a production cost of US$6 million. Experiments to put smells into films, including Smell-O-Vision and Odorama techniques.
1960	The Loves of Hercules, co-starring Hargitay, is released, as is Too Hot to Handle. Zoltan Anthony Hargitay is born. The family appears on This Is Your Life.	The Challenge, Too Hot to Handle, The Loves of Hercules	Marilyn Monroe wins a Golden Globe Award as Best actress for Some Like It Hot.	—	A number of milestone films are released, including Alfred Hitchcock's psychological horror-thriller film Psycho, the "mother" of modern horror suspense films, Michael Powell's disastrous Peeping Tom, a UK film about a voyeuristic photographer and sadistic serial murderer, Stanley Kubrick's only work for hire Spartacus, a film originally directed by Anthony Mann, Federico Fellini's masterpiece La Dolce Vita and Michelangelo Antonioni's neo-realist encore L'Avventura.
1961	Mansfield co-stars in The George Raft Story.	The George Raft Story	Sophia Loren becomes the only as of 2007, actor to win the Academy Award for Best Actress for a foreign language movie - Two Women.	—	West Side Story, film adaptation of the 1957 Broadway hit wins 10 Oscars, a record only surpassed by four movies as of 2007. NBC turns How to Marry a Millionaire to be the first film to be aired on TV.
1962	Mansfield stars in It Happened in Athens, and she and Hargitay do a show together that's released as a record, Jayne Mansfield Busts up Las Vegas.	Lykke og krone (Documentary), It Happened In Athens	Marilyn Monroe dies, leaving George Cukor's film Something's Got To Give, featuring the first major Hollywood star nude on screen, unfinished. Before that she wins another Golden Globe Award as World Female Film Favorite.	Victim, a UK film starring man Dirk Bogarde, is refused an MPAA seal of approval for its homosexual theme. Kubrick's Lolita, based on Vladimir Nabokov's controversial novel, is threatened with a denial of seal of approval. Dr. No becomes the first successful Bond movie and Ursula Andress creates sensation in a bikini as the first Bond girl.	—
1963	Mansfield does the first nude scene in a mainstream American movie in Promises! Promises!. Stills from the movie run in Playboy magazine and gets the publisher Hugh Hefner arrested for the only as of 2007, time in his life on indecency charges. Jayne also appears in Homesick for St. Pauli.	Homesick for St. Pauli, Promises! Promises!	—	American International releases Beach Party, the first of their sexploitative comedy "beach party" films.	Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, one of the most expensive films. Ampex brings out the first VTR set for common consumers.
1964	Mariska Magdolna is born. Divorces Mickey Hargitay. Marries director Matt Cimber. Mansfield films an episode of the TV show Burke's Law, does a summer stock production of Bus Stop, appears in the films L'Amor Primitivo, Dog Eat Dog! and Panic Button, and tours in a theatrical version of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.	Primitive Love, Panic Button, Dog Eat Dog	—	—	Michelangelo Antonioni makes the Red Desert, his first film in color using the newly perfected telephoto lens. The Beatles releases A Hard Day's Night , a mockumentary and the first film of the band. NBC and Universal Studios produce and broadcast See How They Run, the first feature length film made for TV. Sony markets the first reel-to-reel VTR specifically for home use.
1965	Antonio Raphael Ottaviano Cimber is born.	The Loved One (Scenes deleted)		The Catholic Church's Legion of Decency condemns Sidney Lumet's film The Pawnbroker for bold depiction of actress Thelma Oliver's bare breasts. Woody Allen meets success with his first screenplay What's New Pussycat?, a sex farce. Director John Lamb's nudist film The Raw Ones openly shows genitalia.	The Sound of Music, film adaptation of the 1959 Broadway musical, surpasses Gone With the Wind as the number one box office hit of all time and wins five Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director.
1966	Mansfield divorces Matt Cimber. Stars in The Fat Spy with Phyllis Diller, and has a cameo in Las Vegas Hillbillys with Mamie Van Doren. She gives birth to her fifth child Antonio. She plays to a sold-out house at New York's Latin Quarter nightclub for two months.	The Las Vegas Hillbillys, The Fat Spy		The Hays Code is revised to remove prohibitions of lustful kissing and passion that stimulates the base emotions, and to permit certain films to be labeled recommended for mature audiences. Swinging UK film Georgy Girl released as the first suggested for mature audiences film under the new code. At Warner Bros.'s appeal MPAA allows the seal of approval for the Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, the first US film recommended for mature audiences, despite profane expletives and frank sexual content. MGM distributes Michelangelo Antonioni's Blowup, the director's first non-Italian feature, featuring teenaged groupies, full-frontal nudity and pubic hair. Legion of Decency changed its official name to the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures.	Academy Awards ceremony broadcast in color. ABC buys airing rights of The Bridge on the River Kwai for a record US$2 million.
1967	Mansfield has a cameo in A Guide for the Married Man starring Walter Matthau. She dies in a car accident on Highway 90 near Slidell, Louisiana. The car crashes into a truck and slides under it. The three adults in the front seat are killed. Mansfield's children, including Mariska, are sleeping in the backseat and survive the accident. Mariska Hargitay has a scar on her head from the accident, but has no memory of the event. A private funderal is held in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania.	A Guide for the Married Man, Spree (1967) (documentary), Mondo Hollywood (Documentary)			The first "spaghetti western", A Fistful of Dollars, directed by Sergio Leone and starring Clint Eastwood as "the man with no name" is released. Arthur Penn's film Bonnie and Clyde becomes a hit featuring anti-heroes. Mike Nichols is paid a record US$1,000,000 to direct The Graduate, starring Dustin Hoffman. New Line Cinema is born. In the Heat of the Night becomes the first Best Picture Academy Award winner film to be adopted as a TV series. Sony introduces the first out-of-studio video camera.
1968	The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield and Single Room Furnished are released posthumously.	The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield (Documentary; Posthumous), Single Room Furnished (Posthumous)		A new voluntary rating system was introduced by MPAA, with four categories - G (general audiences), M (mature audiences), R (no one under 16 admitted without an adult guardian) and X (no one under 17 admitted). Mädchen in Uniform, a 1931 German film, becomes the first film released in the US with a lesbian theme.	Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey reinvents the science fiction genre. Work begins for Midnight Cowboy, starring Dustin Hoffman, the only X-rated picture to win a Best Picture Academy Award as of 2007.

Source

• Spikol, Liz (2006-04-26). "Chronology of a Cultural Icon". Jayne Addiction. Philadelphia Weekly. Retrieved 2007-09-21. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• "Jayne Mansfield Timeline". Actors. Twoop. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
• Timeline of Jayne Mansfield, Ann Laurén
• Jayne Mansfield: Chronology, Books and Films

Corresponding events

• Dirks, Tim. "Timeline of Influential Milestones and Important Turning Points in Film History". 1930s-1960s. Filmsite. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
• Dates and times, Internet Accuracy Project
• Marilyn Monroe Chronology, Marilyn Monroe Pages
• Marilyn Monroe Career Timeline, American Masters
• Marilyn Monroe timeline, Timetoast

JM's bios

• About Jayne Mansfield
• Huge collection of JM links
• JM's Biography at Dreamtime
• JM's bio and other facts at Bombshells

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Jayne Marie em ensaio fotográfico para a Revista Homem de setembro de 1976 (Jayne Marie on trial for Photographic Magazine Man of September, 1976)

<div id="title-override" class="topicon" style="font-size: 188%; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.1em; float: left; position: absolute; left: 0.5em; top: 1px; width: 90%; background: {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|white|#F8FCFF}}; display:none">[[Jayne Mansfield]]</div>

Kolkata (or Calcutta) is the fourth most populous city in India, and by 2007 estimates it is one of the top 15 most populous urban agglomerations in the world. Kolkata features a number of records for India and the rest of the world, ranging from the largest banyan tree to the oldest golf course in India. It also was a home to some of the most prominent characters in India and the world. In the 19th century, Kolkata was the British Empire's second biggest city after London. As late as the 1950s, it was among the top ten largest cities in the world.

Ranking

• As of 2006, Kolkata's standing among cities of the world were:
  • 7th largest by urban area, preceded in the rankings by Delhi and followed by Jakarta.
  • 12th most populous with a population of 12,700,000 people, preceded by Lagos and followed by Cairo in the rankings. By 2007 estimates, it ranked 13th (preceded by Los Angeles and followed by Shanghai) and by 2015 projections it will rank 14th (preceded by Los Angeles and followed by Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto).
  • 29th in core city with a population of 4,399,000, preceded by Shenyang and followed by Wuhan.
  • 2nd most densely populated, preceded by Mumbai and followed by Karachi.
  • 176th in total land area with an area of 531km², preceded by Auckland and followed by Rotterdam.
  • 167th in urban growth with a growth projection of 1.74% till 2020, preceded by Istanbul and followed by Xiantao.
  • 49th richest by GDP with US$94 billion in annual urban earning (2005 figure), preceded by Pusan and followed by Vienna
• Kolkata is among the top ten most endangered cities (by population) from exposure to rising sea levels from global warming, along with Mumbai, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Miami, Ho Chi Minh City, Greater New York, Osaka-Kobe, and Alexandria.

Kolkata in history

• The Hickey's Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General Advertiser was the first English language newspaper, and indeed the first printed newspaper, to be published in the Indian sub-continent.
• Kolkata has an eminent place in the history of American diplomacy as one of the oldest American Consulates anywhere in the world.
• Established in 1814, the Indian Museum is the oldest museum in Asia and houses vast collection of Indian natural history and Indian art. Today it is the ninth-oldest museum of any kind in the world.
• Kolkata Chinatown is the sixth-oldest existing Chinatown in the world.
• In 1898, Hiralal Sen produced and directed what is believed to be the first film in India, The Flower Of Persia, in Kolkata.

People of Kolkata

• India has seven Nobel Prize winners, either by birth or citizenship to date, and five of them are directly connected to Kolkata, including Rabindranath Tagore, Mother Teresa and Amartya Sen.
• Several notable writers, actors, and athletes were born in Kolkata, including William Makepeace Thackeray, Vikram Seth, Bharati Mukherjee, Suketu Mehta, Sasthi Brata, Norman Pritchard, and Shashi Kapoor.
• Well Known Laxmi Mittal also started his business from kolkata.
• Satyajit Ray was only indian who won Academy Award. He is considered as one of the finest director ever produced.

Sports and leisure

• The Royal Calcutta Golf Club, the fifth-oldest golf club in the world, has the oldest golf course outside the British Isles. Calcutta Ladies Golf Club is the only golf club in the world run by women.
• Calcutta Cricket and Football Club is the second-oldest cricket club in the world. Founded in 1792 as the Calcutta Cricket Club, it merged later with the Calcutta Football Club (founded 1872) to become the Calcutta Cricket and Football Club.
• Established in 1793, Calcutta Racket Club is one of the oldest Squash clubs in the world.
• Established in 1847, Calcutta Turf Club has one of the oldest racing turfs in the world.
• The Calcutta Club opened its doors to women members in 2007.
• Founded in 1864, the Eden Gardens is the oldest cricket ground in India, and is also one of only two 100,000-seat cricket stadiums in the world.

Science and technology

• In 1897, Ronald Ross proved the link between Anopheles mosquitoes and Malarial parasite, in Secunderabad, based on his work in Kolkata.
• Kolkata was the original headquarters of the IBM Corporation in India before shifting to Bangalore on its return to operations in the country.
• In 1870, Carl Wilhelm Siemens successfully demonstrated the exchange of telegrams from London to Kolkata that took only an hour.
• Medical College Kolkata is the oldest institution of European medicine in Asia.
• Kolkata based physician Subhash Mukhopadhyay was the second doctor to perform a successful in-vitro fertilization in the world leading to the birth of a baby girl, Kanupriya "Durga" Agarwal.
• Kolkata based accountant Amitava Banerjee is the first single man in India (and South Asia) to father an in-vitro fertilised baby.
• Inaugurated in 1959, Birla Industrial and Technological Museum on Gurusaday Dutta Road was the first government funded science museum in India.

Animals and plants

• The Indian Botanical Gardens at Shibpur, is home to The Great Banyan. A banyan tree which is reported to have the largest canopy in the world, and dates back to at least 221 years, from when the gardens were founded in 1787.
• Until March 2006, Kolkata's oldest resident was Adwaita, a 255 year old giant Aldabra giant tortoise, whose residence was the 131 year old Alipore Zoological Gardens.

Food and beverage

• Kolkata and Mumbai were two of the main export/import destinations for British beer, which would go stale and sour during the sea voyage. So the India Pale Ale style of beer was created specifically to withstand the rigours of the sea between London and these Indian ports.
• Nilhat House in Kolkata is the largest tea auction house in the world.

Kolkata and other cities

• Kolkata is sister city to Long Beach, California.
• Kolkata and Mumbai are the only two cities in India where the honorary designation of the Sheriff still exists.
• Howrah is Kolkata's biggest satellite city. It also is the second largest city in the state of West Bengal.

Notes

List of Kolkata facts List of Kolkata Facts Kolkata

The following discussion is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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Regions

Russia

East

• Irkutsk-Far East: Khakassia-Shushensky, Irkutsk, Zabaykalsky-Amur, Muysky, Okhotsky, Kamchatka
• Yekaterinburg-Ural: Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen

North

• Krasnoyarsk-Siberia: Yakutiya, Evenki, Nentsi/Nenets-Yamalo Nenets-Taymyr
• Anchorage-Beringia: Chukotka, Alaska
• Belushya Guba-Arctic: New Land-North Land, Franz Josef Land, New Siberian Islands

Central

• Moscow-Russia: Volga-Central, Bashkiria-Tatarstan, Chuvashia-Mari El

West

• Saint Petersburg-North West: Vologda Oblast-Leningrad, Pskov-Novgorod, Finland-Lapland-Karelia, Murmansk-Arkhangelsk, Komi-Yugra
• Minsk-West: Brest-Byelorussia/Belarus, Białystok-Belostok, Danzig-East Prussia,

South

• Kiev-Novorossiya: Kishinev-Bessarabia/Moldavia, Lviv-Malorossiya/Western, Odessa-Ukraine/Southern-Central, Kharkiv-Eastern, Luhansk, Donetsk
• Sevastopol-Kuban: Krasnodar-Stavropol, Gorodovikovsky-Yashaltinsky-Priyutnensky, Rostov-Volgograd, Khaybullinsky-Baymaksky, Crimea

China

Urban

• Jingjinji: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
• Canton: Hong Kong-Kowloon, Shenzhen-Dongguan-Guangzhou

Inner

• Harbin-North China: Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hulunbuir, Hinggan
• Zhuhai Zhongshan-South China: Guangdong, Guangxi
• Shanghai-East China: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong
• Zhengzhou Kaifeng-Central China: Hubei, Henan, Hunan, Shanxi-Shaanxi
• Chongqing-West China: Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia Hui

Outer

• Ulaanbaatar-Tartary: Mongolia-Inner Mongolia, Tuva-Buryatia-Zabaykalsky Krai, Altai
• Ürümqi-Turkestan:Xinjiang, Uygur-Raiymbek-Panfilov, Katonkaragay-Kurshim
• Vladivostok-Ussuri: Primorsky, Khabarovsk, Jewish Country

Indochina

• Indochina: Luang Phrabang, Champasak, Cambodia, Cochinchina, Annam, Tonkin-Hainan
• Thailand-Malaya
• Indies: Aceh-Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Bangsamoro/Marawi-Palawan

India

East

• Yangon-Burma: Ayeyarwady, Yangon, Bago, Mandalay, Magway, Sagaing, Tanintharyi
• Dimapur-Seven Sisters: Bodoland, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Chin, Rakhine State
• Taunggyi-Far East: Wa, Shan States,, Kengtung, Mae Hong Son, Karen, Mon

West

• Mumbai Thane-Maghreb: Gujrat, Maharastra, Sindh, Makran
• Mazar i Sharif-Badakhshan: Balkh-Kunduz, Samangan-Baghlan-Takhar, Badakhshan-Wakhan, Tashkurgan, Roshtqal'a-Ishkoshim
• Kabul-Afghanistan: Chitral-Dardistan/Derra Yusufzai, Peshawar-Kafiristan Khyber, Kabulistan, Hazarajat, Ghor-Badghis
• Portuguese India: Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Goa, Daman, Diu

Middle

• Chandigarh-Punjab: West Punjab, East Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, Islamabad
• Patna-Uttarapatha: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Nepal
• Kolkata-Bengal: Bangladesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odissa, Assam, Tripura, Maungdaw, Andaman

North

• Srinagar-Kashmir: Azad Kashmir, Kashmir Valley, Gilgit, Baltistan, Shaksgam Valley
• Lhasa-Vajrapatha: Ladakh-Aksai Chin, Tibet-South Tibet, Sikkim, Bhutan
• Jinghong-Salween: NEFA/Arunachal Pradesh, Nujiang Lisu, Dehong Dai, Kachin, Xishuangbanna Dai, Luang Namtha-Bokeo

South

• Bangalore-Deccan: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
• Colombo-Lanka: Sri Lanka, Maldives, Lakshadweep
• Ocean India: TAAF, BIOT, Heard and McDonald, Bouvet, Prince Edward
• French India: Karaikal, Mahe, Puducherry, Yanam

External

• Paramaribo-Caribbean: Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Grenada-Grenadines-Saint Vincent
• Singapore-Straits: Malacca, Penang-Seberang Perai, Dindings, Timor-West Timor, Maluku, Macau, Fiji-Rotuma, Christmas, Cocos

Pacific

North

• Japan: Japan-Kuril, Korea-Yanbian, Sakhalin, Okinawa-Ryukyu, Aleutia
• Hawaii
• Formosa: Fujian, Taiwan, Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, Mariana

Australasia

• Australia: Western, Northern, Queensland, Southern, New South Wales, Victoria, Federal
• New Zealand: North Island, South Island, Polynesia
• Papua: West Papua, East Papua, Raja Ampat
• Antarctic: Tasmania, Ross, Subantarctic

Oceania

• Micronesia: Kiribati/Line-Phoenix, Nauru, Marshall-Wake, Palau, Federated Micronesia
• Melanesia: New Britain-New Ireland, Solomon-Bougainville-Bismarck, New Hebrides/Vanuatu-Santa Cruz, New Caledonia
• Polynesia: Tuvalu, Samoa-American Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna
• East Polynesia: Marquesas, Tuamotus-Gambier-Pitcairns, Australs-Bass, Society Islands/Tahiti
• East Pacific: Galápagos, Juan Fernández-Desventuradas, Easter-Salas y Gómez, Clipperton, East Pacific

Persia

East

• Khorasan: North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, South Khorasan, Herat-Farah, Faryab-Jowzjan-Sar-e Pol
• Sistan-Balochistan: Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Nimruz, Loy Kandahar, Chagai-Nushki, Quetta, Rudbar-e Jonubi, Qaleh Ganj
• Pashtunistan: Waziristan, Loya Hazara, Kohat-Mardan Bannu-Dera Ismail Khan Nangarhar-Logar, Wardak-Ghazni, Loya Paktia, Loya Zhob

Middle

• Caspian: Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, Balkan,Karakiya, Türkmenbaşy-Ogurja Ada

• Central Iran: Isfahan, Yazd, Kerman, Fars, Hamadan, Markazi, Qazvin, Alborz, Tehran, Qom, Semnan

West

• Luristan: Lorestan, Chaharmahal, Boyer-Ahmad
• Babylonia-Sumeria: Dhi Qar, Wasit, Diyala, Babil, Karbala, Baghdad
• Arabistan-Elam: Bushehr, Khuzestan, Ilam, Basra, Maysan
• Ad-Diwāniyah: Najaf, Muthanna, Al-Qadisiyyah

Eurasia

Turkey

• Asiatic Turkey: Anatolia, Cappadocia
• European Turkey: Constantinople, Adrianople, Eastern Rumelia
• Rumelia: Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Kosovo

Kurdistan

• East: Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Azeri Kurds
• Central: Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk, Erbil, Halabja Governorate, Kirkuk, Al-Hamdaniya, East Nineveh
• West: Jazira Canton, Kobanî Canton, Afrin Canton
• North: Hakkâri, Mardin, Şırnak, Van, Siirt, Batman, Bitlis, Elazığ, Bingöl, Ağrı, Iğdır, Muş, Diyarbakır

Caucasus

• Azerbaijan: South Azerbaijan, North Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, Baku
• Transcaucasia: Georgia (country), Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh
• North Caucasus: Circassia/Kuban, Egrisi-Batumi/Abkhazia-Adjara Ossetia
• Mountains: Chechen Ingush-Ichkeria/Chechnya-Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan

Levant

Coastal

• Alawite: Tartus, Latakia, Hatay/Alexandretta Al-Suqaylabiyah, Masyaf, Talkalakh
• Lebanon: Beirut-Mount Lebanon, Nabatieh-South, North Governorate|North, Beqaa Valley/Beqaa
• Israel: Judah-Gaza/Southern Israel, Samaria/Northern Israel, Jerusalem

Inland

• Transjordan: Balqa/Ammon-Gad, Madaba/Moab, West Bank, South Aghwar-Taybeh
• Jabal Druze: Quneitra-Golan Heights, As-Suwayda-Daraa
• Sinai: South Sinai, North Sinai, Gaza, Aqaba-Petra, Haqil/North Tabuk

Offshore

• Cyprus: Northern Cyprus, Southern Cyprus, Akrotiri-Dhekelia
• Archipelago: Rhodes, Crete, Naxos, Aegean

Arabia

North

• Iraq: Ramadi, Saladin, Nineveh
• Aleppo: Idlib, Aleppo, Al-Raqqah, Al-Hasakah, Deir ez-Zor
• Damascus: Homs-Hama, Damascus-Rif Dimashq, Palmyra

Middle

• Jordan: South, Central, North
• Borders: Qurayyat, Sakakah, Dumat Al-Jandal, Arar, Rafha, Turaif

South

• Najd: Riyadh Region, Al-Qassim Region, Ha'il Region
• Hejaz: Al Madinah, Makkah, Tabuk, Al Bahah
• Al-Ahsa: Al-Hasa, Rub' al Khali

Asia Africa

North

• Gulf States: Kuwait, Neutral Zone/Ras al Khafji, Qatar, Musandam-Kish-Islands
• Ash Sharqiyah: Dhahran-Dammam-Al-Khobar, Hofuf
• Khalidi Emirates: Bahrain, Jubail, Ras Tanura, Qatif
• United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, Ras al-Khaimah, Umm al-Quwain

Ethiopia

• Ethiopia: Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan
• Punt (Somalia): Somaliland, Somalia, Djibouti
• Punt (Aden): Lahej, Haushabi, Dhala, Abyan Alawi, Aden, Islands

South

• Yemen: Najran, 'Asir-Jizan/Idrisi, Beihan-Aulaqi/Hadhramaut, Wahidi/Al Mahrah
• Oman: Muscat, Dhofar-Mahra, Western Oman, Bari-Socotra, Hormozgan-Qeshm
• Zanzibar: Zanzibar, Jubaland-Mafia, Mauritius, Seychelles, Comoros, Réunion, Mayotte-Scattered Islands

Africa

North

• Egypt: Egypt, Pentapolis, Sudan/Kush/Sennar, Darfur
• Sahara: Tripolitania, Fezzan, Tunisia, Oran, Alger, Constantine, Morocco
• Sahel: Mauritania-Sahrawi, Senegal-Mali-Timbuktu, Niger-Chad
• Gibraltar: Ceuta-Melilla-Plazas, Gibraltar, Canary Islands

South

• South Africa: South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Orange Free State, South West Africa/Namibia, Islands
• South West Africa: Angola, Central Congo-São Tomé and Príncipe

Middle

• Congo: Republican Congo, Democratic Congo, Gabon, Kinshasa-Brazzaville
• Savanna: Central Africa, Cameroon, Neukamerun, Logone
• Central Africa: Northern Rhodesia/Zambia, Southern Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, Central Africa/Malawi
• Federation of Nigeria: Northern Nigeria, Southern Nigeria, Biafra, Cameroons, Togo-Dahomey, Equatorial Guinea-Bioko

West

• Guinea: Guinea Bissau-Cape Verde
• Senegal: Conakry/Rivières du Sud, Dakar/Four Communes, Upper Senegal, Gorée
• New Country: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Freetown, the Gambia
• Ivory Coast: Ivory Coast, Upper Volta
• Gold Coast-Ghana: Gold Coast, Volta, Ashanti, Dagbon

East

• East Africa: Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
• South East: Mozambique, Madagascar

Notes