Shashi Kapoor (pronounced [ʃəʃi kəpuːɾ]; born Balbir Raj Kapoor; 18 March 1938 – 4 December 2017) was an Indian actor and film producer who is best known for his works in Hindi films. A recipient of several accolades, including four National Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards, he also featured in a number of English-language international films, particularly films produced by Merchant Ivory. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2011, and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, in 2014, for his contribution to Indian cinema.

Shashi Kapoor
Kapoor in 2005
Born
Balbir Raj Kapoor

(1938-03-18)18 March 1938
Died4 December 2017(2017-12-04) (aged 79)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Occupations
  • Actor
  • film producer
Years active1945–1998
Spouse
(m. 1958; died 1984)
Children
Parent
FamilyKapoor family
Honours

Born into the Kapoor family, he was the third and the youngest son of Prithviraj Kapoor. He began his career as a child actor in 1948 with his brother Raj Kapoor's maiden directorial Aag, and had his first role as an adult in the year 1961 with Yash Chopra's political drama Dharmputra.[1] He established himself in 1965 with two blockbusters - Waqt and Jab Jab Phool Khile.[2] This was followed by a period of lukewarm success, with Kanyadaan, Sharmeelee and Aa Gale Lag Jaa being the exceptions.[3][4] He made a big comeback in 1974 with Chor Machaye Shor.[5] With the success of Chor Machaye Shor, he became the top five to six saleable stars of the period and delivered top grossing films, such as - Roti Kapada Aur Makaan, Deewaar, Chori Mera Kaam, Kabhi Kabhie, Fakira, Trishul, Suhaag, Kranti and Namak Halaal.[6][7] He received critical acclaim for his portrayal of a reckless chieftain in Junoon, a businessman in Kalyug, a strict father in Vijeta and an honest journalist in New Delhi Times for which he won National Film Award for Best Actor.[8][9] The last film to feature him was the much delayed Ghar Bazar which released in 1998.[10]

Early life edit

Shashi Kapoor was born as Balbir Raj Kapoor[11] to Prithviraj Kapoor and his wife in Calcutta, British India, on 18 March 1938. He was the youngest brother of Raj Kapoor and Shammi Kapoor. Actor Trilok Kapoor was his paternal uncle.[12]

 
Kapoor as a child artist (left) with Baby Madhuri (Meena Kumari's sister, center) & Baby Shakuntala (right) in the film Bachpan (1945).

Kapoor acted in plays, directed and produced by his father Prithviraj Kapoor, while travelling with Prithvi Theatres. He started acting in films as a child in the late 1940s under the name of Shashiraj, as there was already another actor by the same name who used to act in mythological films as a child artiste. His best-known performances as a child actor were in Aag (1948) and Awaara (1951), where he played the younger version of the characters played by his older brother Raj Kapoor,[13] and in Sangram (1950), where he played the younger version of Ashok Kumar and Dana Paani (1953) where he acted with Bharat Bhushan. He worked in four Hindi films as a child artiste from 1948 to 1954.

Career edit

Debut and rise to stardom (1961-1965) edit

After appearing as a child artist in some highly successful films like Sangram, Samadhi (both 1950) and Awaara (1951), Shashi Kapoor made his debut in 1961 as a leading man in Yash Chopra's Dharmputra.[14] This was followed by another release the same year with Char Diwari. Both Dharmputra and Char Diwari didn't do well at the box office.[15]

From 1962 to 1964, he saw minor successes with - Bimal Roy's Prem Patra (1962), Kanak Mishra's Yeh Dil Kisko Doon (1963) and S. Khalil's Benazir (1964), but none proved much helpful for him.[16]

The year 1965 changed his fortune as he starred in two highest grossing films of that year with Yash Chopra's masala film Waqt and Suraj Prakash's romantic musical Jab Jab Phool Khile.[17][18] Waqt went on to become a massive blockbuster at the box office, receiving praise for performances of the cast, Chopra's direction and cinematography. Today, it is widely regarded as an evergreen classic.[19] This was followed by another blockbuster in Jab Jab Phool Khile which had Kapoor paired with Nanda.[20][21] Like Waqt, it also got positive response from critics, especially for its soundtrack which had many memorable songs, like "Ye Samaa Samaa Hai Pyar Ka", "Affoo Khudaya", "Ek Tha Gul Aur Ek Thi Bulbul", "Na Na Karte Pyar Tumhin Se", "Pardesiyon Se Na Ankhiyan Milana".[22] The film made Kapoor a star and won him that year's BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for his moving performance of an innocent boatman.[23][24]

Career fluctuations, resurgence and awards success (1966-1986) edit

Despite establishing himself, Kapoor's career fluctuated from late 60s to early 70s as very few of his films emerged successful during this period.[25]

In 1966, he starred alongside Kishore Kumar, Mehmood, Kalpana Mohan, Rajasree, Mumtaz in C. V. Sridhar's Pyar Kiye Jaa.[26] Pyar Kiye Jaa proved to be a semi-hit while his other release Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare again opposite Nanda did only average business at the box office.[27] After delivering decent successes with Dil Ne Pukara and Aamne Samne in 1967, he had a hit with Haseena Maan Jayegi opposite Babita and a superhit with Kanyadaan alongside Asha Parekh in 1968.[28] Music of Kanyadaan created by Shankar-Jaikishan was also very successful with "Likhe Jo Khat Tujhe" and "Meri Zindagi Mein Aate", both solos by Mohammed Rafi topping the musical chart that year.[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Kapoor had only one major success with Samir Ganguly's romantic thriller Sharmeelee (1971) opposite Rakhee Gulzar.[30] It received positive response from critics for performances of the cast and melodious music composed by S. D. Burman, which had highly popular songs, such as - "Khilte Hain Gul Yahan", "Aaj Madhosh Hua Jaye Re" and "O Meri Sharmilee".[31]

After not having any notable release in 1972, the following year, he reunited with Sharmila Tagore for Manmohan Desai's romantic drama Aa Gale Lag Jaa.[32] The film emerged as one of the highest grossing films of the year, becoming a superhit at the box office.[33] Aa Gale Lag Jaa also had a brilliant soundtrack with hit songs, including "Tera Mujhse Hain Pehle Ka Nata Koi" sung by Kishore Kumar, "Vaada Karo", a duet by Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar.[34]

The year 1974 changed the trajectory of Kapoor's career and marked his comeback.[35] It started with Ashok Roy's action comedy Chor Machaye Shor which also had Mumtaz, Asrani and Danny Denzongpa in the lead.[36] Chor Machaye Shor proved to be a blockbuster in India as well as overseas, putting a line of producers outside Kapoor's house and making him top five to six saleable stars of the time.[37][38] One of the song from the film "Le Jayenge, Le Jayenge Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge" sung by Kishore Kumar emerged an instant hit and went on to inspire the title of Shah Rukh Khan starrer Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge.[39] The mega success of Chor Machaye Shor was followed by Manoj Kumar's social drama Roti Kapada Aur Makaan.[40] Roti Kapada Aur Makaan went on to become an All Time Blockbuster and is regarded as one of the most influential movies of its time.[41][42] Roti Kapada Aur Makaan and Chor Machaye Shor took 1st and 2nd spot, respectively at the box office in 1974.[43]

1975 proved to be another iconic year for Kapoor as he formed a hit pair with megastar Amitabh Bachchan and together both of them gave many successful and iconic films to Hindi cinema.[44] His first release Anari underperformed, but his second release, Deewaar directed by Yash Chopra, written by Salim-Javed and co-starring Bachchan, Parveen Babi, Neetu Singh, proved to be a major critical and commercial success, eventually emerging a huge blockbuster at the box office.[45] Deewaar is considered one of the best films ever made in the history of Indian cinema and got featured in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die.[46][47][48] Kapoor's line "Mere paas maa hai" ("I have mother"), is widely known in India and has become part of Indian popular culture.[49] Shashi's impactful portrayal of a police officer torn between love for his brother and duty met with acclaim and won him Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.[50] His next release was Raj Khosla's romantic drama Prem Kahani which also had Rajesh Khanna and Mumtaz in the lead.[51] The film received good response from reviewers as well as the audience and proved to be a hit at the box office.[52] He delivered another superhit that year with Brij Sadanah's action comedy Chori Mera Kaam opposite Zeenat Aman.[53] Kapoor began 1976 with Yash Chopra's romantic musical Kabhi Kabhie.[54] It had a huge star cast comprising of Waheeda Rehman, Bachchan, Rishi Kapoor, Rakhee and Neetu Singh.[55] Despite its heavy theme, Kabhi Kabhie went on to become a blockbuster at the box office.[56] It also had a highly successful soundtrack composed by Khayyam with lyrics written by Sahir Ludhianvi.[57] Rakesh Budhu of Planet Bollywood gave 9.5 stars out of 10 to the album stating, "Kabhi Kabhie will remain an ode to brilliant melody".[58] For his performance in the film, Kapoor received a nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor category. Before the end of year, he delivered another blockbuster in C.P. Dixit's Fakira, a hit in Shibu Mitra's Shankar Dada and a semi-hit in Mohan Kumar's Aap Beati.[59] In 1977, he reunited with Bachchan for Desh Mukherjee's highly anticipated actioner Immaan Dharam, but contrary to the expectations, it flopped at the box office.[60] His other releases Hira Aur Patthar, Farishta Ya Qatil, Chor Sipahee met the same fate. Kapoor's only successful film that year was Ashok Roy's Chakkar Pe Chakkar co-starring Rekha, Pran and Amjad Khan.[61]

This changed in 1978 when he starred in two of the highest grossing films of the year with Raj Kapoor's romantic drama Satyam Shivam Sundaram and Yash Chopra's action drama Trishul.[62][63] Satyam Shivam Sundaram opposite Aman proved to be a hit while Trishul in which he was paired alongside Hema Malini was a blockbuster.[64] Kapoor also set up his own production house, Film-Valas in 1978.[65] The following year, he reunited with Bachchan for two big-budget actioners, The first one was Yash Chopra's Kaala Patthar and the second was Manmohan Desai's Suhaag.[66][67] Kaala Patthar did average business at the time of release, but gained cult status afterwards and is now considered an action classic.[68] Its song "Ek Raasta Hai Zindagi" sung by Kishore Kumar and filmed on Kapoor remains highly popular till date.[69] Suhaag, on the other hand, was a blockbuster as well as the highest grossing film of 1979.[70] The same year, he produced and starred in Shyam Benegal's art-house film Junoon which also had Nafisa Ali, Shabana Azmi, Jennifer Kendal and Naseeruddin Shah in the lead.[71] Junoon met with acclaim, winning Kapoor National Award for Best Feature Film (Hindi) as well as Filmfare Award for Best Film.[72]

In 1980, Kapoor delivered a hit with Swayamvar, but his other releases, such as Do Aur Do Paanch and Neeyat failed to leave a mark while Ramesh Sippy's mega-budget action crime film Shaan ended up as an average grosser.[73] In 1981, he co-starred alongside Dilip Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Hema Malini, Shatrughan Sinha and Parveen Babi in the historical drama Kranti.[74] It went on to become the biggest patriotic hit of all time, topping the box office chart in 1981 and emerging an All Time Blockbuster.[75][76] He also saw a moderate success in Maan Gaye Ustaad and received praise for his performances in Silsila and Kalyug respectively.[77][78] 1982 was a good year for him as both critical and commercial success came his way with Govind Nihalani's coming-of-age drama Vijeta and Prakash Mehra's action comedy Namak Halaal.[79][80] Vijeta which starred his son Kunal Kapoor in his debut, received enormous acclaim with many reviewers hailing it as one of the best films of the year.[81] On the other hand, Namak Halaal opened to thunderous response from the audience and proved to be a blockbuster with Kapoor receiving another nomination in the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor category.[37][82]

Post-1982, Kapoor's star power began to wane as he shifted his focus majorly towards parallel cinema and limited his work in mainstream films, accepting only few offers.[83]

After a dull 1983, he produced and starred in Girish Karnad's critically acclaimed erotic drama Utsav in 1984.[84] It was filmed in Hindi and English simultaneously, the post-production work of latter version was done in London.[85] The same year, he played a supporting role in K. Bapayya's ensemble family drama Ghar Ek Mandir which emerged a superhit at the box office.[86] In 1985, he appeared in Babbar Subhash's Aandhi-Toofan and Shakti Samanta's Alag Alag. While Aandhi-Toofan was a hit, Alag Alag fared poorly at the box office.[87]

1986 proved to be a landmark year for Kapoor as he won his first National Award for Best Actor and second BFJA Award for Best Actor (Hindi) for the extraordinary portrayal of an honest journalist in Ramesh Sharma's highly acclaimed political thriller New Delhi Times.[88][89] His another notable release of the year was Shibu Mitra's multi-starrer actioner Ilzaam which also had Shatrughan Sinha, Govinda, Neelam and Anita Raj in the lead.[90] Ilzaam proved to be a major commercial success and also one of the last hits of Kapoor's career.[91]

Final works (1987–1998) edit

 
Shashi Kapoor at Rajesh Khanna's prayer meet

In 1987, he played brief roles in Gulzar's acclaimed musical romance Ijaazat and K. Ravi Shankar's moderately successful actioner Sindoor.[92]

In 1988, he acted with Pierce Brosnan in The Deceivers.[93] He also collaborated with Sudesh Issar and Manoj Kumar in 1989 for Akhri Muqabla and Clerk, respectively.[94]

Shashi Kapoor requested Amitabh Bachchan to star in his ambitious directorial debut film Ajooba (1991). Amitabh Bachchan made a notable exception and agreed to do the film due to their friendship, even though at the time Amitabh was not signing any new films.[95] Despite having a lavish budget and a huge star cast, the film flopped miserably at the box office.[96]

Kapoor also won Special Jury Award for his performance in the 1993 film In Custody and played the Rajah in the TV miniseries Gulliver's Travels (1996).[97]

In 1998, he retired from acting after his final film appearances in Jinnah, Side Streets and the much delayed Ghar Bazar.[98] He was seen in the limelight at the Shashi Kapoor Film Festival held in Muscat, Oman (September 2007). At the 55th Annual Filmfare Awards in 2010, Shashi Kapoor received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award.[99]

Kapoor was of particular note in the Kapoor clan. He has been the solo hero more times (61 films) and also as a lead protagonist in more Hindi films (116) than his nephews Rishi Kapoor, Randhir Kapoor and Rajiv and even more than his brothers Raj Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor, his grand-nephews and grand-nieces.[100]

Personal life edit

 
Shashi Kapoor with daughter Sanjana in 2010

Kapoor attended Don Bosco High School in Matunga, Mumbai. He met English actress Jennifer Kendal in Calcutta in 1956 while both were working for their respective theatre groups. Shashi was both assistant stage manager as well as an actor for his father's theatre group, Prithvi Theatre. Geoffrey Kendal's Shakespearean group was also present at the same time in Calcutta and Jennifer was Geoffrey's daughter. After their subsequent meeting, the couple fell in love and after facing initial opposition from the Kendals and support from sister-in-law Geeta Bali, they got married in July 1958.[101] They acted in a number of films together, most notably in Merchant Ivory productions. They had three children: Kunal Kapoor, Karan Kapoor and Sanjana Kapoor. Jennifer and Shashi established Prithvi Theatre on 5 November 1978 in Mumbai. Jennifer died of cancer in 1984 which shattered him. After losing her to cancer, Shashi Kapoor fell into a deep depression that he never recovered from.[102] The English actress Felicity Kendal is his sister-in-law.

His eldest son Kunal is married to director Ramesh Sippy's daughter. Kunal moved on to ad film direction and established his production house Adfilm-Valas. Shashi's daughter Sanjana, is a theatre personality and married to wildlife conservationist Valmik Thapar.[103] They have a son named Hamir. Shashi's younger son Karan became successful in modeling and later settled down in London and runs a photography company. His grandson Zahan who is son of Kunal made his debut in Faraaz (2023).[104]

Kapoor was admitted to the Kokilaben Hospital, Versova, Mumbai, for what was speculated to be chest infection, and died on 4 December 2017.[105] According to The Guardian, he was in hospital for treatment from long-standing liver and heart complications, and was always helping other patients.[106] Officially, his cause of death was attributed to liver cirrhosis.[107][108] His body was cremated.[109] Kapoor and actress Sridevi, who died in 2018, were the only two Indians honored posthumously in memoriam at 90th Academy Awards.[110]

Filmography and awards edit

 
The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Padma Bhushan to Shashi Kapoor

In 2011, the Government of India honored him with the Padma Bhushan for his contributions to Indian cinema.[111]

Reception and legacy edit

 
Shashi Kapoor in 2010

Kapoor is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema.[112] Apart from his work in mainstream Hindi films, he is also known for acting and producing several highly acclaimed and award-winning movies belonging to the genre of Parallel cinema, such as Junoon (1979), Kalyug, 36 Chowringhee Lane (both 1981), Vijeta (1982) and Utsav (1984).[113][114]

Kapoor's deep attachment and commitment to theatre which started in childhood remained almost untouched even when he was immobile due to age-related complications. After renovating Prithvi Theatre in the western part of Mumbai, he was able to successfully create an environment congenial for creative pursuits. The lanes that reach Prithvi Theatre especially in the 1980s were not just routes to the theatre. They were a testimony to principles such as clarity of purpose, commitment to nonconformity and alacrity and utmost willingness to be part of creative process which would have enduring value and which would be incorruptible by market forces. Till date, Prithvi Theatre oozes out an infectious creative energy which can compel people to become dedicated theatre artists and earn a decent living. This has become possible because of consistent efforts of Shashi Kapoor who would be present for special theme-based theatre festivals at the theatre.[115]

In 2022, he was placed in Outlook India's "75 Best Bollywood Actors" list.[116]

Works edit

  • Shashi Kapoor presents the Prithviwallahs, by Shashi Kapoor, Deepa Gahlot, Prithvi Theatre (Mumbai, India). Roli Books, 2004. ISBN 81-7436-348-3.

Further reading edit

  • The Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema, by Madhu Jain. Penguin, Viking, 2005. ISBN 0-670-05837-8.

See also edit

References edit

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