1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.
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All 183 seats in the United States House of Representatives 92 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Unionist gain Independent hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally.
Unionist regions of three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, coalesced as the Unionist Party. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.[1]
Election summaries
editCalifornia was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress,[2] increasing the total seats to 239.
Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.
44 | 1 | 108 | 30 |
Democratic | [g] | Republican | Unionist |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Unionist[h] | Others | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Kansas[i] | At-large | December 1, 1859 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Oregon | At-large | June 4, 1860 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Arkansas | District | August 6, 1860 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Missouri | District | August 6, 1860 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1[j] |
Vermont | District | September 4, 1860 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maine | District | September 10, 1860 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Florida | At-large | October 1, 1860 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
South Carolina | District | October 8–9, 1860 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Indiana | District | October 9, 1860 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Iowa | District | October 9, 1860 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Ohio | District | October 9, 1860 | 21 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Pennsylvania | District | October 9, 1860 | 25 | 6 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Delaware | At-large | November 6, 1860 (Election Day)[k] |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Illinois | District | 9 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |||||
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 0 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Michigan | District | 4 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Minnesota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||||
New Jersey | District | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
New York | District | 33 | 10[e] | 3 | 23 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||
Wisconsin | District | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Late elections (after the March 4, 1861 beginning of the term) | |||||||||||
New Hampshire | District | March 12, 1861 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Connecticut | District | April 1, 1861 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Rhode Island | District | April 3, 1861 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | ||
Maryland | District | June 13, 1861 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 3[j] | |
Kentucky | District | June 20, 1861 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 5[l] | |
Late elections (after the July 4, 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress) | |||||||||||
Tennessee[m] | District | August 1, 1861[3] | 10[n] | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7[l] | |
California | At-large | September 4, 1861 | 3[o] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Seceded states not holding full elections | |||||||||||
Alabama | District | None | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Georgia | District | None | 8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2[p] | ||
Louisiana | District | None | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2[q] | 2 | 0 | 1[l] | |
Mississippi | District | None | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
North Carolina | District | None | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3[l] | ||
Texas | District | None | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Virginia | District | None | 13[r] | 0 | 12 | 0 | 5[s] | 5 | 0 | 1[l] | |
Total[t] | 181 58 vacancies |
45[e] 24.6% |
53 | 108 59.0% |
8 | 30 16.4% |
30 | 0 0.0% |
24[u] |
Special elections
editThere were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.
36th Congress
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | Francis P. Blair Jr. | Republican | 1856 1858 (lost) 1860 (contested) |
Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860. New member elected October 3, 1860. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term; see below. |
|
Pennsylvania 8 | John Schwartz | Anti-Lecompton Democratic |
1858 | Incumbent died June 20, 1860. New member elected October 9, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
|
Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
Others
|
New York 31 | Silas M. Burroughs | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent died June 3, 1860. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. |
|
37th Congress
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico. New member elected May 28, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
|
Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 28, 1861. Republican hold. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Charles F. Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain. New member elected June 11, 1861. Unionist gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | Edward Joy Morris | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister Resident to Turkey. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 2, 1861. |
|
Pennsylvania 12 | George W. Scranton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent died March 24, 1861. New member elected June 21, 1861. Democratic gain. Winner seated July 4, 1861. |
|
Iowa 1 | Samuel Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. New member elected October 8, 1861. Republican hold. |
|
Virginia 11 | John S. Carlile | Unionist | 1859 | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. New member elected October 24, 1861.[14] Unionist hold. Winner took his seat December 2, 1861. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | William Appleton | Constitutional Union |
1850 1854 (lost) 1860 |
Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health. New member elected November 5, 1861. Republican gain. Winner seated December 2, 1861. |
|
Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. New member elected December 12, 1861. Democratic hold. |
|
Impact of the secessionist movement
editPro-union Free states: dark blue. Pro-Union Slave' states: light blue; (West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood.)
Secessionist Convention Slave states: red
The numbers in Congress are reduced by the 'vacant' seats
In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860, in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states – Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina – chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats,[e] 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
End of a Congressional era
editUS Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863[17] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Congress | 35th 1857–59 |
36th 1859–61 |
37th 1861–63 |
United States House of Representatives | |||
Seats (change) | 237 (+3) | 238 (+1) | 183 (–55) |
Republicans | 90.38% | 116.49% | 108.59% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 31.17% |
Americans (+) | 14.6% | 39.16% (4-way split) | 0.0% |
Democrats | 133.56% | 83.35% | 44.24% |
United States Senate | |||
Seats (change) | 66 (+4) | 68 (+2) | 50 (–18) |
Republicans | 20.30% | 26.38% | 31.62% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
Americans | 5.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% |
Democrats | 41.62% | 38.58% | 15.30% |
In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.[18]
Uncle Sam looks on approvingly.
Other early returns in PA, OH and IN showed good prospects for Republicans in the upcoming federal elections[19]
Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.[20]
In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.[21]
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-unionists (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.[22]
Results by region
editThe politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article.
Party | Total seats | Change | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Republican | 108 | –8 | 59.0% |
Democratic | 44 | –39 | 24.0% |
Independent Democratic | 1 | – | 0.5% |
Constitutional Unionist | 30 | +30 | 16.3% |
Totals | 183 | –56 | 100.0% |
Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles.
The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.
New England
editThe twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.
North Central
editThe 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.
Border North
editThe 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans.
These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.[23]
Border South and Middle South
editOf the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.
These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.)[24]
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.[25]
Trans-Mississippi West
edit- California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members
West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.
When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
Vacant state delegations
editAlabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas
Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.
Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.
Alabama
editAlabama did not elect members to the House.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | James Stallworth | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 2 | James L. Pugh | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 3 | David Clopton | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 4 | Sydenham Moore | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 5 | George S. Houston | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 6 | Williamson Cobb | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Alabama 7 | Jabez L. M. Curry | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Arkansas
editArkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Thomas C. Hindman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
Arkansas 2 | Albert Rust | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Independent gain. Seat later vacated. |
|
California
editFrom statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House.
California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began.
The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large | John C. Burch | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Charles L. Scott | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. | ||
None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
Colorado Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
editConnecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | Dwight Loomis | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut 2 | John Woodruff | Republican | 1855 1856 (lost) 1859 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Connecticut 3 | Alfred A. Burnham | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut 4 | Orris S. Ferry | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Dakota Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
editDelaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | William G. Whiteley | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Florida
editFlorida elected its member on October 1, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | George S. Hawkins | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. |
|
Georgia
editGeorgia did not elect members to the House.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | Peter Early Love | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 2 | Martin J. Crawford | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 3 | Thomas Hardeman Jr. | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Georgia 4 | Lucius J. Gartrell | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 5 | John W. H. Underwood | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 6 | James Jackson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Georgia 7 | Joshua Hill | Know Nothing | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Know Nothing loss. |
None. |
Georgia 8 | John J. Jones | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Illinois
editIllinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 2 | John F. Farnsworth | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Illinois 3 | Owen Lovejoy | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 4 | William Kellogg | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 5 | Isaac N. Morris | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 7 | James C. Robinson | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 8 | Philip B. Fouke | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Illinois 9 | John A. Logan | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana
editIndiana elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | William E. Niblack | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 2 | William H. English | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 3 | William M. Dunn | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 4 | William S. Holman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 5 | David Kilgore | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 6 | Albert G. Porter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 7 | John G. Davis | Anti-Lecompton Democrat |
1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana 8 | James Wilson | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 9 | Schuyler Colfax | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana 10 | Charles Case | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Indiana 11 | John U. Pettit | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Iowa
editIowa elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | Samuel R. Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Iowa 2 | William Vandever | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kansas
editKansas elected its member on December 1, 1859.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas at-large | Martin F. Conway | Republican | 1859 (new state) | State admitted January 29, 1861. |
|
Kentucky
editKansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Henry C. Burnett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky 2 | Samuel Peyton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost renomination. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 3 | Francis Bristow | Opposition | 1854 (special) 1855 (retired) 1859 |
Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 4 | William C. Anderson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 5 | John Y. Brown | Democratic | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 6 | George W. Dunlap | Opposition | 1847 1849 (retired) 1859 |
Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 7 | Robert Mallory | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 8 | William E. Simms | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 9 | Laban T. Moore | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Kentucky 10 | John W. Stevenson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost re-election. Unionist gain. |
|
Louisiana
editLouisiana seceded on January 26, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | John Edward Bouligny | Know Nothing | 1859 | No member elected. Know Nothing loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 2 | Miles Taylor | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew February 5, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 3 | Thomas G. Davidson | Democratic | 1855 | No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Louisiana 4 | John M. Landrum | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Maine
editMaine elected its members on September 10, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Daniel E. Somes | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 2 | John J. Perry | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 3 | Ezra B. French | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 4 | Freeman H. Morse | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine. Republican hold. |
|
Maine 6 | Stephen C. Foster | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Maryland
editMaryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | James A. Stewart | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Maryland 2 | Edwin H. Webster | Know Nothing |
1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Unionist gain. |
|
Maryland 3 | J. Morrison Harris | Know Nothing |
1855 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Maryland 4 | Henry W. Davis | Know Nothing |
1855 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Unionist. Unionist gain. |
|
Maryland 5 | Jacob M. Kunkel | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Maryland 6 | George W. Hughes | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Massachusetts
editMassachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | James Buffington | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Alexander H. Rice | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | Anson Burlingame | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | John B. Alley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Daniel W. Gooch | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Charles R. Train | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Eli Thayer | Constitutional Union |
1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | Charles Delano | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
editMichigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William A. Howard | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Henry Waldron | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 3 | Francis W. Kellogg | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 4 | Dewitt C. Leach | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Minnesota
editMinnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota at-large | Cyrus Aldrich | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota at-large | William Windom | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Mississippi
editMississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired December 1860. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Mississippi 2 | Reuben Davis | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Mississippi 3 | William Barksdale | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Mississippi 4 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Mississippi 5 | John J. McRae | Democratic | 1858 (special) | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Missouri
editMissouri elected its members on September 10, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | John R. Barret | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Missouri 2 | Thomas L. Anderson | Independent Democratic |
1856 | Incumbent retired. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Missouri 3 | John Bullock Clark | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 4 | James Craig | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination.[34] Democratic hold |
|
Missouri 5 | Samuel H. Woodson | Know Nothing |
1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 6 | John S. Phelps | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 7 | John W. Noell | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Nevada Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
editNew Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | Gilman Marston | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire 2 | Mason Tappan | Republican | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New Hampshire 3 | Thomas M. Edwards | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey
editNew Jersey its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | John T. Nixon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 2 | John L. N. Stratton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 3 | Garnett Adrain | Anti-Lecompton Democrat |
1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 4 | Jetur R. Riggs | Anti-Lecompton Democrat |
1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 5 | William Pennington | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New Mexico Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
New York
editNew York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | Luther C. Carter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 2 | James Humphrey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 3 | Daniel Sickles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 4 | Thomas J. Barr | Independent Democratic |
1858 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic hold. |
|
New York 5 | William B. Maclay | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 6 | John Cochrane | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
|
New York 7 | George Briggs | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 8 | Horace F. Clark | Anti-Lecompton Democratic |
1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 9 | John B. Haskin | Anti-Lecompton Democratic |
1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 10 | Charles Van Wyck | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 11 | William S. Kenyon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 12 | Charles Lewis Beale | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 13 | Abram B. Olin | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 14 | John H. Reynolds | Anti-Lecompton Democratic |
1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 15 | James B. McKean | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 16 | George W. Palmer | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 17 | Francis E. Spinner | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 18 | Clark B. Cochrane | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 19 | James H. Graham | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 20 | Roscoe Conkling | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | R. Holland Duell | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 22 | M. Lindley Lee | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 23 | Charles B. Hoard | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 24 | Charles B. Sedgwick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 25 | Martin Butterfield | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 26 | Emory B. Pottle | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 27 | Alfred Wells | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 28 | William Irvine | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 29 | Alfred Ely | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 30 | Augustus Frank | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 31 | Edwin R. Reynolds | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 32 | Elbridge G. Spaulding | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 33 | Reuben Fenton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina
editNorth Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | William N. H. Smith | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 2 | Thomas H. Ruffin | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 3 | Warren Winslow | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 4 | Lawrence O'Bryan Branch | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 5 | John A. Gilmer | Opposition | 1857 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 6 | James M. Leach | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 7 | F. Burton Craige | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
North Carolina 8 | Zebulon B. Vance | Democratic | 1858 (Special) | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Ohio
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[38] | |
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 2 | John A. Gurley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 3 | Clement Vallandigham | Democratic | 1858 (Won contest) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 4 | William Allen | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 5 | James M. Ashley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 6 | William Howard | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 8 | Benjamin Stanton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 9 | John Carey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 10 | Carey A. Trimble | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 11 | Charles D. Martin | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Ohio 12 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 14 | Harrison G. O. Blake | Republican | (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 15 | William Helmick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 16 | Cydnor B. Tompkins | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 17 | Thomas C. Theaker | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 18 | Sidney Edgerton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 19 | Edward Wade | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 20 | John Hutchins | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 21 | John A. Bingham | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon
editPoorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon at-large | Lansing Stout | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected June 4, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30, 1861. |
|
Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected November 6, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge. |
|
Pennsylvania
editPennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | Edward J. Morris | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 3 | John P. Verree | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 4 | William Millward | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 5 | John Wood | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 6 | John Hickman | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 8 | Jacob K. McKenty | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 9 | Thaddeus Stevens | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 10 | John W. Killinger | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 11 | James H. Campbell | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 12 | George W. Scranton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 13 | William H. Dimmick | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 14 | Galusha A. Grow | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 15 | James Tracy Hale | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 16 | Benjamin F. Junkin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Pennsylvania 17 | Edward McPherson | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 18 | Samuel S. Blair | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 19 | John Covode | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 20 | William Montgomery | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 21 | James K. Moorhead | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 22 | Robert McKnight | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 23 | William Stewart | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 24 | Chapin Hall | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 25 | Elijah Babbitt | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Rhode Island
editRhode Island elected its members April 3, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened..
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | Christopher Robinson | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Unionist gain. |
|
Rhode Island 2 | William D. Brayton | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Unionist gain. |
|
South Carolina
editSouth Carolina its members October 8–9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | John McQueen | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 2 | William P. Miles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Laurence M. Keitt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Milledge L. Bonham | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 5 | John D. Ashmore | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
South Carolina 6 | William W. Boyce | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
|
Tennessee
editTennessee elected its members August 1, 1861, but only in East Tennessee, after the first session of the new Congress began.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Thomas A. R. Nelson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist but failed to be seated. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Horace Maynard | Opposition | 1857 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Unionist gain. |
|
Tennessee 3 | Reese B. Brabson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. Winner was prevented from taking his seat by his arrest. |
|
Tennessee 4 | William B. Stokes | Democratic | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. Unionist gain. |
|
Tennessee 5 | Robert H. Hatton | Opposition | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 6 | James H. Thomas | Opposition | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 7 | John V. Wright | Democratic | 1855 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 8 | James M. Quarles | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 9 | Emerson Etheridge | Opposition | 1853 1857 (Lost) 1859 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Tennessee 10 | William T. Avery | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Texas
editTexas seceded on February 1, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | John H. Reagan | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent resigned January 15, 1861. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Texas 2 | Andrew J. Hamilton | Independent Democratic |
1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Utah Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
editVermont its members September 4, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | Eliakim P. Walton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | Justin S. Morrill | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 3 | Homer E. Royce | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Virginia
editVirginia its members October 24, 1861.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Muscoe Garnett | Democratic | 1856 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected October 24, 1861. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified. |
|
Virginia 2 | John S. Millson | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 3 | Daniel Coleman DeJarnette | Independent Democratic |
1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 4 | Roger Pryor | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 5 | Thomas S. Bocock | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 6 | Shelton F. Leake | Independent Democratic |
1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 7 | William Smith | Democratic | 1841 (special) 1843 (lost) 1857 |
Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. Winner was later disqualified. |
|
Virginia 8 | Alexander Boteler | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Opposition loss. |
None. |
Virginia 9 | John T. Harris | Independent Democratic |
1859 | Incumbent retired. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Virginia 10 | Sherrard Clemens | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Virginia 11 | Albert G. Jenkins | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Virginia 12 | Henry A. Edmundson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. Unionist gain. |
|
Virginia 13 | Elbert S. Martin | Independent Democratic |
1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. No member elected. Independent Democratic loss. |
None. |
Washington Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Wisconsin
editWisconsin its members on Election Day, November 6, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | John F. Potter | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Cadwallader C. Washburn | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | Charles H. Larrabee | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates
editAll are trans-Mississippi west non-voting delegates in the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Colorado Territory at-large | New territory | New seat. Conservative Republican gain. |
|||
Dakota Territory at-large | New territory | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Nebraska Territory at-large | Samuel Gordon Daily | Republican | 1860 (contest) | Incumbent re-elected in 1862. |
|
Nevada Territory | New territory | New seat. Independent gain. |
| ||
New Mexico Territory at-large | Miguel A. Otero | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Utah Territory | William Henry Hooper | Democratic | 1858 or 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Independent gain. |
|
Washington Territory at-large | Isaac Stevens | Democratic | 1856 or 1857 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Includes nine elected on the Union ballot, nine as Unionists, two as Constitutional Unionists, and one on the Union and Peace ballot. Ten additional Unionists remained in office representing States that had seceded.
- ^ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Union, Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, Union Democrats, and 'Union and Peace.'
- ^ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as Southern Rights and States Rights.
- ^ Included eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven independent Democrats.
- ^ a b c d Includes one independent Democrat, James E. Kerrigan, elected from New York's 4th congressional district.
- ^ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as an Anti-Lecompton Democrat, Breckinridge Democrat, Independent Democrat, or Independent.
- ^ 1 Independent Democrat was elected.
- ^ Includes Unionists, Constitutional Unionists, and the two "Union" members from Rhode Island.
- ^ Kansas was not admitted until January 29, 1861, near the end of the 36th Congress, the winner of this election served in both the 36th and 37th Congresses.
- ^ a b Know-Nothings
- ^ In 1845, Congress set a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (5 Stat. 721). Other elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ a b c d e Previously Opposition members.
- ^ East Tennessee only
- ^ 7 vacancies
- ^ 1 seat added
- ^ 1 Opposition and 1 Know-Nothing
- ^ Remained in the House.
- ^ 8 vacancies
- ^ Remained in the House.
- ^ Excludes states that seceded before the start of Congress
- ^ Compared to 19 Opposition and 5 Know-Nothings in previous election of 1858.
- ^ Frederick Low, the candidate with the third-highest vote in the at-large election for California's Congressional delegation, was seated when Congress approved California's third seat in the House of Representatives, from June 3, 1862.
References
edit- ^ Martis (1994), pp. 114–115.
- ^ 12 Stat. 411
- ^ "Tennessee 4 Me - A Divided State". www.tn4me.org. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ^ "MO District 1 - Special Election". November 22, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "PA District 08 - Special Election". April 10, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "ME District 5 - Special Election". January 11, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "NY District 31 - Special Election". April 7, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "OH - District 07 Special Election". April 16, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "OH - District 13 Special Election". April 16, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "MA - District 3 Special Election". March 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "PA - District DDDD Special Election". May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "PA - District 12 Special Election". January 17, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "IA - District 01 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2008 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 11 Special Election". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "MA - District 5 Special Election". March 10, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "IL District 06-Special". March 12, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ Martis, pp. 111, 113, 115.
- ^ Martis, pp. 31–35.
- ^ Simon, Harold (2008). Lincoln: President Elect. Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861. Simon & Schuster. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7432-8947-4.
- ^ Martis, p. 36.
- ^ Martis, p. 34.
- ^ Martis, pp. 114, 115.
- ^ Freehling, William W. (2007). The Road to Disunion. Vol. II: Secessionists Triumphant: 1854-1861. Oxford University Press. p. 2 (map). ISBN 978-0-19-505815-4.
- ^ Long, E.B. (1985). "Appendix". The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-80255-3.
- ^ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, (1774–2005), "Official Annotated Membership Roster by State with Vacancy and Special Election Information for the 37th Congress".
- ^ "CT - District 01 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "CT - District 02 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "CT - District 03 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "CT - District 04 - History". May 24, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD District 3 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD District 4 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD District 6 Race - Jun 13, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "CRAIG, James, (1818 - 1888)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 128, 129.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "RI - Eastern District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- ^ "RI - Western District". January 8, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- ^ "TN - District 01". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "TN - District 02". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "TN - District 03". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "TN - District 04". February 17, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 01". March 19, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 07". January 3, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 10". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 11". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "VA - District 12". March 18, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2018 – via Our Campaigns.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NV Delegate Race - Aug 04, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Sep 01, 1861". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WA Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1860". www.ourcampaigns.com.
Bibliography
edit- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
edit- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)