Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult

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Dictionary of Cults, Sects, Religions and the Occult by George Mather, Alvin J. Schmidt, and Larry A. Nichols, Zondervan, 1993

for subject listings mnore relevant to the occult, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Occut/Encyclopedic articles

Abakua

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  • Abakuá* – Beliefs and Practices;

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Aetherius Society

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Alamo Christian Foundation

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Ananda Marga Yoga Society

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Anthrposophical Society

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Arica Institute

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Association for Research and Enlightenment

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Bahaism

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Bible

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  • Bible* – Old Testament; New Testament; English versions;

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Branhamism

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  • Branhamism* – History; Teachings; Teachings – Church;

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Buddhism

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  • Buddhism – History; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Morality;

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Cabildo

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Candomble

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Children of God

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Christadelphianism

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  • Christadelphianism or Brother of Christ – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Immortality; Teachings – The Devil; Teachings – Hell; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Fellowship; Ecclesia; John Thomas;

Christian Science

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Christianity

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Church of Armageddon

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  • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Sin; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Church; Teachings – Sacraments; Teachings – End times; Conclusion; Paul Erdmann or Love Israel;

Church of Bible Understanding

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Church of the Living Word

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Church of the New Jerusalem

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Convince

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Cults

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Divine Light Mission

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Divine Science

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Eckankar

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  • Eckankar – History; Teachings; Teachings – Salvation; Conclusion;

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The Forum

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Foundation of Human Understanding

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Hanuman Foundation

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Hinduism

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  • Bubba Free John; Hinduism – History; Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Karma, Reincarnation and Salvation; Teachings – Other; Conclusion;

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Holy Order of MANS

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"I Am" ascended masters and Church Universal and Triumphant

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Identity movements

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International Church of Ageless Wisdom

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International Community of Christ

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ISKCON

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Islam

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  • Islam – History; Teachings;

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  • Islam – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Salvation; Conclusion;

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Jehovah's Witnesses

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  • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Church; Teachings – Sacraments; Teachings – End times; Conclusion;

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Judaism

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  • Ark of the Covenant; Judaism or Tabernacle or Jewish temple – History – Solomon; History – Divided kingdom; History – Restoration; History – Hellenization; History – Roman Empire; History – Rabbinic Judaism; History – Haskala-Jewish Enlightenment; History – Jewish-Christian relations; History – Zionism; Beliefs and practices; Beliefs and practices – The Tabernacle; Worship; Worship – Sabbath; Modern Judaism; Kabbala; Prophet (Jewish-Christian);

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Life Spring

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Macumba

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Mahayana Buddhism

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Meher Baba

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Mormonism

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Mysticism

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New Age Movement

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  • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs; History – Basic beliefs – Human potential movement; History – Personalities; Organization; Teachings; Teachings – End times;

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New Thought

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Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism

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Oneness Pentecostalism

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Ouspensky-Gurdjieff

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Penitentes

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People's Temple

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Rajneeshism

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Rastafari

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  • Rastafari* – History; Teachings; Conclusion;

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Religious Science

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Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

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Rosicrucianism

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Santeria

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  • Santeria – Beliefs and Practices; Deities; Conclusion;

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Satanism

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  • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism – Church of Satan; History – Modern Satanism – Categories of Satanists; History – Modern Satanism – Appeal; History – Modern Satanism – Sensationalism; Contrasts to Christianity; Contrasts to Christianity – The Black Mass; Conclusion;

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Satchidananda Ashram Integral Yoga Institute

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Scientology

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  • Scientology – History; Teachings; Teachings – Jesus Christ;

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Self Realization Fellowship

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Sikh Dharma

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Sikhism

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Silva Mind Control

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Soka Gakkai

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South American, Central American, and Caribbean cults

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Spiritism

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Spiritualism

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Sri Chinmoy Center

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Sufism

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Taoism

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  • Taoism* – History; Teachings;

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Theosophy

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Theravada Buddhism

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Transcendental Meditation

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Unification Church

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  • Unification Church – History; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Sin; Conclusion;

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Unitarian-Universalist Association

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Unity School of Christianity

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Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches

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Urantia Society

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Vedanta Society

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  • Shankara; Vedanta Society – Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Humanity; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Authority; Teachings – Other; Conclusion; Swami Vivekananda;

Voodoo

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Way International

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  • Way International – History; Teachings; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Salvation;

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Witchcraft

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  • Witchcraft – General and historical observations; Beliefs and practices; Contrasts with Christianity; Conclusion;

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World Community of Ali Islam in the West

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Worldwide Church of God

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  • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – History; Teachings – God; Teachings – Jesus Christ; Teachings – Holy Spirit; Teachings – Salvation; Teachings – Hell; Teachings – Anglo-Israelism; Conclusion;

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Yoruba

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Zen Buddhism

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Zen Center of Rochester

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Subarticles

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  • Abakua – Beliefs and Practices**; Conclusion*;
  • Aetherius Society – History**;Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Alamo Christian Foundation – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Alamo Christian Foundation – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Salvation**; Church**;
  • Ananda Marga Yoga Society – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Anthroposophical Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Arica or Arica Institute – History*; Teachings**;
  • Association for Research and Enlightenment – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Association for Research and Enlightenment – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Humanity**; Salvation*;
  • Baha'i – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh or Rajneeshism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh or Rajneeshism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; End times**;
  • Bible – Old Testament**; New Testament**; English versions**;
  • Branhamism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Branhamism – Teachings – God*; Baptism*; Humanity*; Church**; End times*;
  • Buddhism – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion*;
    • Buddhism – Teachings – God*; Sin*; Salvation**; Morality**;
  • Candomble – History*; Rituals**; Conclusion*;
  • Children of God or Family of Love or COG/FOL or Heaven's Magic – History***; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Children of God or Family of Love or COG/FOL or Heaven's Magic – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Salvation**; Church*; Authority*;
  • Christadelphianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Christadelphianism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Immortality*; The Devil*; Hell*; Salvation*; End times**; Authority*; Fellowship*;
  • Christian Science – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Christian Science – Teachings – God*: Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Hell*; Salvation*; Church*; Sacraments*; End times*;
  • Christianity – Roots**; The Patristic Era**; Ante-Nicene Era*; The Ecumenical Councils**; The Latin Fathers**; The Five Patriarchs**; Monasticism**; Missions**; The Middle Ages**; The Reformation**; The Modern Era***;
    • Christianity – The Patristic Era – Polycarp*; Irenaeus*; Tertullian*; Clement of Alexandria*; Origen*;
    • Christianity – The Ecumenical Councils – The Council of Nicea**; The Council of Constantinople*; Two Schools of Theology**; The Council of Ephesus*; The Council of Chalcedon**;
    • Christianity – The Latin Fathers – Ambrose*; Jerome*; Augustine**;
  • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of Armageddon or Love Family or COA – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church*; Sacraments*; End times*;
  • Church of Bible Understanding or Forever Family or COBU – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of Bible Understanding or Forever Family or COBU – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church**; End times*;
  • Church of the Living Word or The Walk or CTLW – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Church of the Living Word or The Walk or CTLW – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Church**; The Bible**; End times**;
  • Church of the New Jerusalem or Swedenborgianism or CNJ – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Church of the New Jerusalem or Swedenborgianism or CNJ – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Authority*; End times*;
  • The Divine Light Mission or Elan Vital or DLM or EV – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • The Divine Light Mission or Elan Vital or DLM or EV – Teachings – God*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Text and authority**;
  • Divine Science – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Eckankar – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Eckankar – Teachings – God*; Sin*; Salvation**;
  • The Forum or est – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The Forum or est – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Foundation of Human Understanding or FHU – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Foundation of Human Understanding or FHU – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Hanuman Foundation – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Hinduism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Hinduism – Teachings – Texts*; God**; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Creation*; Karma, Reincarnation and Salvation**; Incarnation*; Other**;
  • Holy Order of MANS or MANS or HOM or Christ the Savior Brotherhood – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Holy Order of MANS or MANS or HOM or Christ the Savior Brotherhood – Teachings – The Bible**; Jesus Christ**;
  • The "I Am" ascended masters or Church Universal and Triumphant or CUT – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The "I Am" ascended masters or Church Universal and Triumphant or CUT – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Church*; End times*;
  • Identity movements or Christian Identity or White supremacy – History**; Teachings and beliefs***; Conclusion*;
    • Identity movements or Christian Identity or White supremacy – History – Ku Klux Klan**; Neo-Nazism**; Other*;
  • The International Church of Ageless Wisdom or ICAW – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • The International Church of Ageless Wisdom or ICAW – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • International Community of Christ or Jamilians – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • ISKCON or International Society for Krishna Consciousness – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • ISKCON or International Society for Krishna Consciousness – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Hell*; Salvation*; Authority*;
  • Islam – History***; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Islam – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity**; Sin*; Salvation**;
  • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – History***; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Jehovah's Witnesses and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society – Teachings – God**; Authority**; Jesus Christ**; Salvation**; Holy Spirit*; Hell*; Satan*; Humanity**; Church**; Sacraments**; End times**;
  • Judaism – History***; Beliefs and practices**; Worship**; The Elect of God*; Modern Judaism**; Conclusion*;
  • Judaism – History – Judges*; Saul*; David*; Solomon**; Divided kingdom**; Exile*; Restoration**; Hellenization**; Roman Empire**; Rabbinic Judaism**; Haskala-Jewish Emlightenment**; Jewish-Christian relations**; Zionism**;
    • Judaism – Beliefs and practices – The Torah*; The Tabernacle**;
    • Judaism – Worship – Sabbath**; The Passover*; Messianic hope and prophecy*;
    • Judaism – Modern Judaism – Conservative Judaism*; Orthodox Judaism*; Reform Judaism*; Reconstructionist Judaism*; Humanistic Judaism*;
  • Life Spring – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Mahayana Buddhism – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Meher Baba (group) – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Mormonism or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints – History***; Organization**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Mormonism or The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Salvation**; Blood atonement**; Celestial marriage*; Church*; Sacraments**; Baptism for the Dead*; The Lord's Supper*; Temple rituals**; End times**;
  • New Age Movement – History***; Organization**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs**; Personalities**; New Age communities*;
      • New Age Movement – History – Basic beliefs – The Consciousness movement*; Human potential movement**;
    • New Age Movement – Teachings – God*; Christ and salvation*; Sin*; Death*; End times**;
  • New Thought – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • New Thought – Teachings – Truth*; God*; Humaniity*; Sin*; Jesus Christ and salvation*;
  • Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism or Nichiren Shoshu of America or NSA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Oneness Pentecostalism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Ouspensky-Gurdjieff – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Penitentes or Brothers of Our Father Jesus – History*; Teachings*; Conclusion*;
  • People's Temple – History**; Teachings*; Conclusion*;
  • Rastafarianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Religious Science or United Church of Religious Science – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Religious Science or United Church of Religious Science – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation*; Hell*; Trinity*; Church*;
  • Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints or RCJCLDS – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Rosicrucianism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Rosicrucianism – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*;
  • Santeria – History*; Beliefs and Practices**; Deities**; Conclusion**;
    • Santeria – Deities – Olurun or Elegua or Eshu*; Obatalla*; Chango*; Oshun*; Yemaya*; Babalu-Aye*; Oggun*;
  • Satanism or Church of Satan – General observations*; History***; Contrasts to Christianity**; Conclusion**;
    • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism***;
      • Satanism or Church of Satan – History – Modern Satanism – Church of Satan**; Temple of Set*; Ordo Templi Orientis*; Categories of Satanists**; Appeal**; Sensationalism**;
    • Satanism or Church of Satan – Contrasts to Christianity – The Black Mass**; Exorcism*;
  • Satchidananda Ashram Integral Yoga Institute or Divine Life Society – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Scientology – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Scientology – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Humanity*; Sin*; Hell*;Salvation*; Heaven*;
  • Self Realization Fellowship or SRF – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sikh Dharma or Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization or 3HO – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Sikhism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Silva Mind Control or SMC or Psychorientology – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Soka Gakkai – History*; Teachings*; Conclusion**;
  • Spiritualism or Universal Church of the Master – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sri Chinmoy Center – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Sufism or The Sufi Order or Sufi Islamic Ruhaniat Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Taoism – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Theosophy – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Theosophy – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Sin and Hell*;Salvation*;
  • Theravada Buddhism – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Transcendental Meditation or TM – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Transcendental Meditation or TM – Teachings – God*; Salvation*; Authority*;
  • Unification Church – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Unification Church – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity**; Sin**; Hell*; Salvation*; Bible*; Last things*;
  • Unitarian-Universalist Association or UUA – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
  • Unity School of Christianity or Unity – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Unity School of Christianity or Unity – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Sin*; Church*; Authority*;
  • Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches or MCC or Dignity or Gay theology – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
  • Urantia or Urantia Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Urantia or Urantia Society – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit*; Humanity*; Salvation*;
  • Vedanta Society – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Vedanta Society – Teachings – God*; Jesus Christ*; Humanity*; Salvation*; Authority*; Other*;
  • Voodoo or Vodun – History**; Beliefs and practices***; Conclusion*;
  • Way International – History**; Teachings**; Conclusion*;
    • Way International – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Sin*; Salvation**; Church*;
  • Witchcraft – General and historical observations**; Modern witchcraft*; Beliefs and practices**; Contrasts with Christianity**; Conclusion**;
  • World Community of Ali Islam in the West and American Muslim Mission and Black Muslim Movement and BMM and Nation of Islam and Hanafi Madh-Hab Center – History and teachings**; Conclusion*;
  • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – History**; Teachings***; Conclusion**;
    • Worldwide Church of God or WCG – Teachings – God**; Jesus Christ**; Holy Spirit**; Humanity*; Born again*; Salvation**; Hell**; Anglo-Israelism**; Church*; End times*;
  • Zen Buddhism and Zen Center of Rochester – History*; Teachings**; Conclusion**;
    • Zen Buddhism and Zen Center of Rochester – Teachings – God*; Revelation*; Sin/Evil*; Salvation*; Authority*;

Encyclopedia of Global Religion

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Encyclopedia of Global Religion, ed. Mark Jurgensmeyere and Wade Clark Roof, 2012, Sage, 978-0-7619-2729-7.

Major articles

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Significant articles

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Minor articles

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  • Africa - Globalization and Technology – Shifts in Technological Advancement; Globalization and Technology – Modes of Transport; Africa and Global Society – Global Market Exchange; Africa and Global Society – Globalization; Africa and Global Society – Farming Production and Export; Africa and Global Society – Industrial Development and Product Access; Religions of Africa – Supernatural Powers; Religions of Africa – Witchcraft; Cultural Practices and Competing Values – Art and Culture; Cultural Practices and Competing Values – African and European Philosophical Differences in Worldview; al Qaeda – Organizational Structure; Preferred Operational Models; Animals – Western Philosophy, Law, and Animals; Apostle Paul – Baptism; Paul's Missionary Journeys – First Evangelical Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 13:1-15:35); Paul's Missionary Journeys – Third Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 18:23-21:16); Art – Early Symbiosis of Art and Religion; Architecture and Sacred Space; Art as Religious Representation; Assimilation – Religious Settlement; Atheism – History; Atheism and Intellecturalism; Summary; Australia – Aboriginal Australians; European Settlers; Authority – Nature; Differences; Received Authority; Competition Between Authorities; Modernity; Community; Systemic Temporality; Aztecs – Religious Descendants;
  • Baháʼí – History; Global Teachings; Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries – Estonia; Religions in the Baltic Countries – Latvia; Beijing – The Administration of Religions; The Study of Religion in Beijing; Borderlands – Still Nepantla; Brazil – Catholicism; Protestantism; Spiritism; Afro-Brazilian Religions; Judaism; Islam; Other Religious Groups; Religious Groups in Electronic Media and Legislative Bodies;
  • Canada – Historical Background; Candomblé – History; Axé: Transforming Power; Canterbury – The City; China – General Knowledge About China – Outline of History; General Knowledge About China – Administrative Divisions; General Knowledge About China – Nationalities; Religions in China – Buddhism; Religions in China – Islam; Chinese Folk Religion; Other Religions – Manichaeism; Other Religions – Zoroastrianism; Other Religions – Judaism; Policy Toward Religion; Cinema – Cinema and Islamic Cultures; Buddhism and Other East Asian Religions; Civil Religion – Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Civil Religion; Civil Religion around the Globe; Confucianism – Clarification of Terms; Confucian Ritual Practices in Imperial China; Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Conclusion; Cuba – Roman Catholic Church; Judaism; Buddhism; Spiritism;
  • Dalai Lama – Who Is the Dalai Lama?; Process of Regeneration; Tenzin Gyatos, the 14th Dalai Lama (b. 1935); Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition – Definition by Etymology; Making and Maintaining Diasporas – A Diaspora Is a Specific Kind of Culture; Making and Maintaining Diasporas – Diasporas Cross Gaps and Are Also About Such Gaps;
  • Economic Issues and Religion – Sustainable Taxation; Giving Time; Ecumenicalism – Ecumenism and Interfaith Dialogue; Worldwide Challenges; Egypt – A New Global Future for Islam?; Environment – The Dualist Paradigm; Revisiting Traditions; Equality – Races; Classes and Caste; Sexualities; Minority Religious Groups; Conclusion; Ethics - Religion and Ethics; Ethiopia – Religious Distribution; State and Religion; Europe – Common Factors – Cultural Heritage; Common Factors – Europe: An Exceptional Case?; Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon – Brazil; Conclusion;
  • Festivals – Festivals of Incorporation; Basic Characteristics of Festivals; Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Festivals; Social and Cultural Contexts of Festivals; African Festivals; Masquerades; Dance; Festivals in the United States; New Year Festivals; Food Festivals; Conclusion; Flood myth – The Biblical Account – Sources; France – Separation of Church and State; Shrines and Pilgriamges; Religious Studies; Fundamentalism – Examples in Judaism; Fundamentalism in Islam; Examples Outside Monotheism;
  • Mohandas Gandhi – The Nature of Religion; Religion and the Scriptures; Religion and Prayer; Religion and the State; Religion and Social Action; Religious Pluralism; Secularism; Georgia (country) – Legal Regulation of Religious Life; Processes After Regaining Independence; Opposition to Globalization; Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Spatial Semiotics of Urban Neighborhoods; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Brooklyn; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Cape Town; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Germany; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Göteberg; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Lisbon; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Manchester; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – New York; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Rio de Janeiro; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Rome; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Sarajevo; Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Singapore; Conclusion; Globalization – Religion as a Carrier of Globalizing Tendencies; God – Referring to God, Goddess, Gods, and Goddesses; Attributes of God – Omnipresence; Attributes of God – Omnipotence; Attributes of God – Omniscience; Globalization of God; Concepts of God; Concepts of God – Traditions of the Americas; Concepts of God – Greco-Roman Traditions; Concepts of God – New Religious Movements; Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – The Guatemelan Bishops' Conference; Roman Catholicism – The Catholic Charismatic Renewal; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements;
  • Heaven – Islam; Evolution of Beliefs About Heaven; Heresy – The Concept of Heresy in Eastern Religions; Holidays – Holidays in Islam; Human Rights – Religious Support – Christians; Religious Support – Jews; Religious Support – Muslims; Religious Support – Hindus; Religious Support – Buddhists; Religious Support – Chinese; Religious Support – Others; Summary;
  • India – Ancient India Influenced by Aryans; India's Christian and Jewish Communities; Global Spread of Sikhism; Global Spread of Hindu Teachers and Fellowships; India in the Era of Global Religion; Indigenous Religions – Orality – Morality; Orality – Religious Leaders; The Future of Indigenous Religions; Indonesia – Pascasila; Animism; Hinduism; Buddhism; Roman Catholicism; Protestantism; Confucianism; Recent Developments; Iran – Iran's Unleashed Youth Power; Women in Iran; Iraq – Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians; Paganism and Gnosticism; Magianism; Islam; Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Qur’an; Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Hadith; Sources of Knowledge in Islam – Basis of Shari’a; Why Arabic?; The Sunnī/Shi’a Divide; The Five Pillars of Islam – Belief (Iman); The Five Pillars of Islam – Sharing Wealth/Charity (Zakaat); The Five Pillars of Islam – Fasting During the Month of Ramadan (Sawm); The Five Pillars of Islam – Pilgrimage (Hajj); The Seven Articles of Faith – Angels; The Seven Articles of Faith – Scriptures; The Seven Articles of Faith – Prophets; The Seven Articles of Faith – The Day of Judgment; The Seven Articles of Faith – Life after Death/Heaven and Hell; Festivals and Ceremonies; Halal and Haram; Islam and Women – Social and Political Rights of Women; Islam and Women – Property Rights of Women in Islam; Marriage and the Right to Divorce in Islam; Polygamy; Islamic Modernism – Origins; Reformers – Tahtawi and Khayr al-Din; Islamic Reform – Saudi Arabia; South Asia; Iraq, Iran, and Shi’a Reforms; Women; Ismailis - Ismailis – The Formative Years (ca. 7th to 9th centuries CE); The Fatimids and Qarmatis (ca. 9th to 12th centuries); Nizari, Tayibbi, and Hafizi Ismailis (ca. 12th to 13th Centuries CE); The Nizaris (ca. 13th to 18th centuries CE); Italy – “Do-It-Yourself” Catholicism; Strong but Changing Social and Political Presence;
  • Jainism – Conclusion; Japan – Most Recent Newcomers: Muslims; Just War – Cicero; Augustine and Aquinas; Twentieth Century; Present and Future of Just War Theory;
  • Kazakhstan – Christianity in Kazakhstan – Orthodox; New Religious Movements in Kazakhstan; Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1945 to 1953; Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1953 to 1972; Kumbha Mela – Origins; The Mela, Past and Present;
  • La Luz del Mundo Church – A Mexican Diaspora; Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today – Ijtihād as a Right; Liberal Islam Today – Shari'a as a Human Interpretation of the Voice of Allah; Liberal Islam Today – Human Rights Can Also Have a Religious Foundation; Liberal Islam Today – Gender Equality Within Islam; Progressive Muslims – Social Justice; Liberation Theology – The Religious Context; The Sociopolitical Context; The Sociopolitical Impact of Liberation Theology; Liberation Theology Today;
  • Macau; Macedonia; Madagascar; Madrid – Religious Festivities and Labor Law; Religion and Education; Religion and Public Economic Subsidies; Mahayana Buddhism – Origins; Globalization of Buddhism; Mahayana in the West; A New “Yana”: Transcending Mahayana and Theravada; Mahdi; Mahdi of Sudan; Malawi; Malaysia – Islam; Hinduism; Mali; Bronislaw Malinowski; Malta; Manichaeism; Maria Lionza Cult of Venezuela; Marian Cults and Apparitions in Latin America; Marshall Islands; David Martin; Martinique; Martyrdom* – History of Martyrdom; Issues Concerning Martyrdom; Marx and Religion; Marxism – Life and Works of Karl Marx; Dialectical Materialism; Marxism and Religion; Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements; Mashhad; Material Culture – Religion and Material Culture; Muritania; Mauritius; Abu'l-a'la Mawdudi; McDonaldization; Timothy McVeigh; Mecca; Medina; Meditation – Nepal, Southeast Asia, Japan, and China: Buddhist Expansion and Chinese Meditation; Meditation: Contemporary Global Phenomenon; Mediterranean World – Early Polytheism; The Blending of the World; Roman Dominance; The Islamization of the Sea; The Crusades; Inquisitions, Turks, and the Ottoman Empire; Megachurch; Men's Roles – Men as Founders and Religious Professionals; Men's Spirituality; Mesoamerican Religions – Teotihuacan; Maya; Aztec; After the Conquest; Mexican Concheros; Mexico – Religious Pluralization; Mexico City* – History of Mexico City; Culture of Religion in Mexico City; Culture of Religion in Mexico City – The Virgin of Guadeloupe; Micronesia; Middle East – Persia and Syria; The Monotheistic Religions – Judaism; The Monotheistic Religions – Christianity; The Monotheistic Religions – Islam; The Ottoman Empire; Millenarian Movements – Related Terms; Nativist Millennial Movements; Millenarianism and New Religious Movements; Millenarianism and Violence; Missions and Missionaries – Distinction Between Mission and Missions; Missionaries; Missionary Activity Today; Missionary Activity Today – Christian; Conclusion; Mithras cult; Modernism – Enlightenment; Industrialism; Modernization – The Protestant Reformation; Moldova; Monaco; Monasticism – Christian Monasticism; Buddhist Monasticism; Mongol Empire; Mongolia; Monotheism; Mormons – Origins and Early History; Origins and Early History – The Move Westward; Origins and Early History – The Nauvoo Settlement; Origins and Early History – Schisms and Migration; Mormonism Today; Morocco; Moscow; Mosques; Mother Teresa; Mozambique; Mughal Empire; Muhammad; Muhammad Mujtahid-Shabistari; Max Müller; Multiculturalism – Freedom of Speech and Expression; Multiple Faiths*; Multiple Modernities – Classical Approaches to Modernity; The Political and Cultural Program of Modernity: Autonomy and Destructive Tendencies; The Religious Dimension of Modernity; Music – The Power of Music in Religion; Globalization, Religion, and Music; Global Religions and Musical Diversity; Muslim Brotherhood – Early Years; Beyond Egypt: Arab Nationalism and Militant Islamism; Myanmar or Burma; Mysticism – Toward a Typology of Mystical Experiences; Methodology;
  • Native North American Religion – Worldview; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Nature and Religion; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Taboos; Dynamics of Native North American Religions; Neo-Pagan Movements – Implications; New Age Movements – Problems of Definition; New Religions – Conclusion; New Religions in Cuba – Implications; Nordic Countries – Changing Religious Landscapes; North Africa – Pre-Christian History; The Christian Era; The Independence Period;
  • Panama – Roman Catholicism – The Panamanian Bishops' Conference; Roman Catholicism – Catholic Charismatic Renewal or CCR; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements; Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Jesuits and Franciscans; Roman Catholicism – The Catholic Charismatic Renewal; Mainstream Protestantism; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism; Marginal Christians; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements; Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis – Historical Origin; Philosophia Perennis et Universalis – Related Terms; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – Origin; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – The Return; Pilgrimage – Pilgrimage as Journey; Pilgrimage and Modernity; Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the existence of more than one religious tradition within a given society; Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the coexistence of different institutional or interpretational forms within a given religious tradition; Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism as the commitment to and/or combination of beliefs and practices from different religions at an individual level; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as a human rights issue; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as inscribed in state legislations; Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as linked to interfaith dialogue and ecumenical work; Politics and Religion – Definitions and History – Religion; Definitions and History – Politics; Popular Religion - Mass Culture; Postcolonial Theology – The Critical Analytical Task; Decolonizing Theologies; Postmodernism – Pioneers of Postmodernism – Structuralism and Deconstructionism (Poststructuralism); Pioneers of Postmodernism – Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Richard Rorty; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Roland Barthes; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Michel Foucault; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jacques Derrida; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jean Baudrillard; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Jean-Francois Lyotard; Pioneers of Postmodernism – Fredric Jameson; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Fragmentation; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Authenticity; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Expression; Postmodernism and Globalization; Protestant Christianity – Origins; Protestantism in the Western World; Pentecostalism;
  • Reform Hinduism – The Ramakrishna Mission; Aurobindo Ghose; Mohandas Gandhi; Hindutva; The Hindu Diaspora; Communalism; Reform Hinduism – The Ramakrishna Mission; Aurobindo Ghose; Mohandas Gandhi; Hindutva; The Hindu Diaspora; Communalism; Refugees – Religious Refugee Aid Organizations; Religious Dialogue – The Concept of Dialogue; Other Initiatives; Issues and Concerns; Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – European Court of Human Rights; Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – International Efforts; Religious Minority-Majority Relations – National Level; Local Level; Contemporary Pluralism; Religious Nationalism – Religion and the Nation in a National World – The anticlerical or “laicist” form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The denominational form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The national church form; Religion and the Nation in a National World – The separatist religious nationalism form; Conclusion; Roman Catholicism – Demographic Composition; The Church's Teaching on Social Justice; Rome – Rome and Catholicism – Holy Year or Jubilee; Rome and Other Religions – Jewish Romans; Rome and Other Religions – Waldensian Protestant Church; Rome and Other Religions – Immigration; Rome and Other Religions – Pluralism;
  • Saints – Heavenly and Human Intercessors; Santería – Cosmology and Initiatic System; Scripture – Canonical Authority – Torah; Canonical Authority – Qur’an; Secularization – Defining Secularization; Current Developments in Fact and Theory; Sexuality – Autoeroticism; Celbiacy; Shi’a Islam – Origins; Shi’ite Ideology; Silk Road – Traveling the Roads; Trade and Commodities; Religion on the Silk Road – Zoroastrianism; Religion on the Silk Road – Buddhism; Religion on the Silk Road – Manichaeism; Religion on the Silk Road – Nestorianism; Religion on the Silk Road – Islam; Social Justice – Social Justice Policies; Criticisms of the Concept of Social Justice; South Asia – Early Exchanges with Other Cultures; Buddhism Spreads Across Asia; Hindu Diaspora; Stupa – History, Form, and Symbolism; Sacred Space and Religious Practice; Sufism – Characteristics and Development of Sufi Orders; Jalāluddīn Rūmī;
  • Tattooing and Piercing – Ritual Tattooing; Ritual Piercing; Televangelism – International Context; Terrorism – Rationalist Approaches; Thailand – Development of the Thai Nation-State; Christianity in Thailand; Islam in Thailand; Thailand in the Global Era; Tibet – Tibet and the People's Republic of China; Tokyo – Muslims; Transvestites and Transsexuals – Changing Relationships;
  • United Kingdom –Migration and Secularization – Northern Ireland; The 21st Century – Islam;
  • Veda – Veda Beyond Texts; Engaging the Veda; Vietnam – Buddhism in Vietnam; Vietnamese Christianity; Vietnam at the Beginning of the 21st Century; Vodou – Philosophical Tracts; Rituals; Future;
  • Women's Roles – Changes in Women's Role – Goddess Religion; Changes in Women's Role – Liberating Founders and Patriarchal Institutions; Changes in Women's Role – The Feminist Movement; World Council of Churches – Initiatives with the Future in View;
  • Zionism – Herzl, Founder of the Zionist Movement;

Redirects

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Subarticles

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  • Afghanistan – Early History**; The Great Game**; Communism and the Cold War**; Growth of the Taliban and the U.S. War**;
  • Africa – Social Impact of Religious Worldviews**; Colony, Government, Economy***; Africa and Global Society**; Religions of Africa***; Cultural Practices and Competing Views**;
    • Africa – Colony, Government, Economy – Brief Early History of Africa**; Slavery and Colonization**; Globalization and Technology**;
    • Africa – Africa and Global Society – Global Market Exchange*; Globalization*; Farming Production and Export*; Industrial Development and Product Access*;
    • Africa – Globalization and Technology – Shifts in Technological Advancement*; Impact of Technological Change**; Modes of Transport*;
    • Africa – Religions of Africa – Islam**; Christianity**; African Traditional Religion**; Style Aesthetics and Signification**; Supernatural Powers*; Witchcraft*;
    • Africa – Cultural Practices and Competing Values – Art and Culture*; African and European Philosophical Differences in Worldview*; Competing Values and Philosophy**;
  • al Qaeda – Historical Overview**; Organizational Structure*; Basic Ideological Tenets and Goals**; Preferred Operational Models*;
  • Animals – Animal Themes in India Religious Traditions**; Western Philosophy, Law, and Animals*;
  • Apostle Paul – Baptism*; Activity**; Paul's Missionary Journeys**; Return to Jerusalem**;
    • Apostle Paul – Paul's Missionary Journeys – First Evangelical Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 13:1-15:35)*; Second Missionary Journey – 48 to 51 CE (Acts of the Apostles 15:36-18:22)**; Third Missionary Journey (Acts of the Apostles 18:23-21:16)*;
  • Arabic – Classification, Dialects, Morphology, and the Alphabet**; Religio-Historical Importance**; Modern Developments**;
  • Art – Early Symbiosis of Art and Religion*; Architecture and Sacred Space*; Art as Religious Representation*; Religious Experience and Artistic Practice**; The Clash of Art and Religion**;
  • Assimilation – Case Studies**; Religious Settlement*; Challenges to Assimilation**;
  • Atheism – History*; Estimating the Number of Atheists Worldwide**; Global Secularization**; Case Study: The United States**; Attitudes Toward Atheists and the Atheist Label**; Atheism and Intellecturalism*; Summary*;
  • Aum Shinrikyô – Aum, Millennialism, and Mission**; The Turn to Violence**; Aum After the Attacks**;
  • Australia – Aboriginal Australians*; European Settlers*; Church and Society**; Current Trends**;
  • Authority – Perceptions**; The Exercise of Authority**; Nature*; Differences*; Received Authority*; Competition Between Authorities*; Modernity*; Community*; Systemic Temporality*;
  • Aztecs – Origins**; Imperial Religion**; Religious Descendants*;
  • Baha’i – History*; Global Teachings*; Global Structures**; Spiritual Basis of Globalization**;
  • Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries**; Current Issues and Challenges**;
    • Baltic Countries – Religions in the Baltic Countries – Estonia*; Latvia*; Lithuania**;
  • Beijing – Brief History of Beijing**; Religions in Beijing**; The Administration of Religions*; The Study of Religion in Beijing*;
  • Robert Bellah – Religion in Human Evolution**; Civil Religion and Public Theology in Global Perspective**;
  • Bodh Gaya – Buddha's Enlightenment**; Mahābodhi Temple and Monastery**; Modern Period**;
  • Borderlands – Still Nepantla*; Borderland Religions**; Religious Expression**;
  • Brahmanical Hinduism – Vedas**; Shruti and Smriti**; Brahmanical Synthesis**;
  • Brazil – Catholicism*; Protestantism*; Spiritism*; Afro-Brazilian Religions*; Judaism*; Islam*; Other Religious Groups*; Religious Groups in Electronic Media and Legislative Bodies*;
  • Canada – Historical Background*; Religion in Present-Day Canada**;
  • Candomblé – History*; Axé: Transforming Power*; Orixás: Mediators Between Nature, God, and Man**; Religious Authority: The Mother (or Father) of Saints**;
  • Canterbury – The City*; The Cathedral**; The Archbishop**;
  • China – General Knowledge About China**; Religions in China**; Chinese Folk Religion*; Other Religions**; Policy Toward Religion*; Statistics**; New Religious Trends in China**;
    • China – General Knowledge About China – Outline of History*; Administrative Divisions*; Nationalities*;
    • China – Religions in China – Buddhism*; Daoism**; Islam*; Christianity**;
    • China – Other Religions – Manichaeism*; Zoroastrianism*; Judaism*;
  • Chinese Popular Religion – Overview of Chinese Popular Religion**; Examples of Syncretized Popular Deities**; Globalization and Revivals of Popular Religion on the Mainland**;
  • Christian Militia – Modern Christian Militia**; The Sociology of Christian Militias**;
  • Christianity – Pax Romana***; Western European Christian Denominations: The Reformation and Its Aftermath***; The Ecumenical Movement and Other Recent Developments**;
  • Cinema – Biblical and Christian Films**; Hinduism**; Cinema and Islamic Cultures*; Buddhism and Other East Asian Religions*;
  • Civil Religion – Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Civil Religion*; Émile Durkheim and Civil Religion**; Robert Bellah and Civil Religion**; The Civil Religion Debate in America**; Civil Religion since the 1970s**; Civil Religion around the Globe*;
  • Civil Society – The History of a Concept***; Civil Religion and Civil Society**; Globalization and Transnational Communities**; Conclusion: Can Global Civil Society Succeed?**;
  • Confucianism – Clarification of Terms*; “The Master Said”: Confucius and His Disciples**; The Confucian Canon and the Civil Service Examination System**; The Four Books: The Legitimation of the Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy**; Confucian Ritual Practices in Imperial China*; The “Confucianity Movement” in the Republic of China**; The Ambivalent “Harmonious Society”: Confucianism in Socialist China**; The Contemporary Revival of Confucian Ritual Practice**; The Global Nature of Confucianism**;
  • Conversion – Global World Religions Competing for Converts**; Conversion Models**; Conversion and Globalization**; Conversion and the Nation-State**; Conversion and the Religious Organization**; The Converting Subject**; Conclusions**;
  • Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Identifying Motifs***; Conclusion*;
    • Cosmic War and Cosmic Conflict – Identifying Motifs – Rupture**; Warring Deities and Heroes**; Ritualization of Battle**;
  • Cuba – Roman Catholic Church*; Judaism*; Buddhism*; Spiritism*; African American Religions**;
  • Cycle of Rebirth – Hinduism**; Buddhism**;
  • Dalai Lama – Who Is the Dalai Lama?*; Process of Regeneration*; History**; Tenzin Gyatos, the 14th Dalai Lama (b. 1935)*;
  • Daoism – Chinese Daoism: History and Interpretation**; Daoism as a Global Religious and Cultural Phenomenon**; Appropriation, Adaptation, and Transmission**;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Survival of Ancient Shamanism**; The Katangan Shaman (Ngaga)**; Midnight Crossroads Miracles and Spiritual Magic**;
  • Deng Xiaoping – Religion Before Deng*; Policy Changes**; Motivations**;
  • Detraditionalization and Retraditionalization – Traditions and Their Role in Society**; Traditions in Late Modernity or Postmodernity**; Cultural Globalization and Religious Traditions**;
  • Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition**; Making and Maintaining Diasporas**; Diasporic Religion**;
    • Diaspora – Paths Toward Definition – Definition by Etymology*; Definition by List**; Defining by Relation**;
    • Diaspora – Making and Maintaining Diasporas – A Diaspora Is a Specific Kind of Culture*; Diasporas Cross Gaps and Are Also About Such Gaps*; Diaspora as a Series of Interventions, Not a Permanent State of Being**; Diaspora Culture Is the Elevation of One Group Over Others**;
  • Eastern Orthodox Christianity – Beliefs and Practices**; History**; The Church Today**;
  • Economic Issues and Religion – Debt Bondage and Usury**; Sustainable Taxation*; Giving Time*;
  • Ecumenicalism – The Modern Ecumenical Movement**; Ecumenical Debates**; Ecumenism and Interfaith Dialogue*; Worldwide Challenges*;
  • Egypt – Colonialism, Defensive Modernization, and Religion**; Secular and Religious Nationalism**; Religion and the State**; Secular Failures and the Turn Toward Islam**; A New Global Future for Islam?*;
  • Environment – The Dualist Paradigm*; Alliance Between World Religions and Environmentalism**; Revisiting Traditions*;
  • Equality – Genders**; Races*; Classes and Caste*; Sexualities*; Handicaps/Disabilities**; Minority Religious Groups*; Conclusion*;
  • Ethics -Theories of Ethics**; Religion and Ethics*; Biblical Religions**; Religions of South and East Asia***; Here and Now**;
  • Ethiopia – Religious Distribution*; State and Religion*; Inter- and Intrareligious Tensions**;
  • Europe – Common Factors***; Regional Differences***;
    • Europe – Common Factors – Cultural Heritage*; The Historic Churches*; From Obligation to Consumption**; New Arrivals**; Europe's Secular Elites**; Europe: An Exceptional Case?*;
      • Europe – Common Factors – The Historic Churches – Believing Without Belonging**; Vicarious Religion**;
    • Europe – Regional Differences – Confessional Blocs**; Communist and Noncommunist Europe**; Levels of Religious Activity**; Concluding Remarks**;
  • European Union – History**; Structure**; Religion and Religiousness Within the EU**; The EU and Religion**;
  • Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon***; Conclusion*;
    • Evangelical Movements – A Global Phenomenon – Brazil*; Asia**; United States**;
  • Festivals – Unity and Diversity**; Festivals of Incorporation*; Basic Characteristics of Festivals*; Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Festivals*; Social and Cultural Contexts of Festivals*; African Festivals*; Masquerades*; Dance*; Festivals in the United States*; New Year Festivals*; Food Festivals*; Conclusion*;
  • Flood myth – The Biblical Account**; Ancient Near Eastern Accounts**;
    • Flood myth – The Biblical Account – Sources*;
  • France – History**; Separation of Church and State*; Shrines and Pilgriamges*; People**; Congregations, Movements, and Nongovernmental Organizations**; Religious Studies*;
  • Fundamentalism – American Protestant Fundamentalism**; Examples in Judaism*; Fundamentalism in Islam*; Examples Outside Monotheism*; Conclusion**;
  • Mohandas Gandhi – The Nature of Religion*; Religion and the Scriptures*; Religion and Prayer*; Religion and the State*; Religion and Social Action*; Religious Pluralism*; Secularism*;
  • Gender – Religion Shaping Gender**; Gender Shaping Religion and Religious Studies**;
  • Georgia – Legal Regulation of Religious Life*; Processes After Regaining Independence*; Opposition to Globalization*;
  • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities***; Conclusion*;
    • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Spatial Semiotics of Urban Neighborhoods*; Examples from Contemporary Global Cities***;
      • Global Cities – Religion in Global Cities – Examples from Contemporary Global Cities – Brooklyn*; Cape Town*; Germany*; Göteberg*; Lisbon*; Manchester*; New York*; Paris**; Rio de Janeiro*; Rome*; Sarajevo*; Singapore*;
  • Global Religion – Religious Aspects of Migration**; The Global Transmission of Religious Ideas**; The Religious Expressions of Transnational Communities**; The Study of Global Religion***;
  • Globalization – Religion as a Carrier of Globalizing Tendencies*; Globalization of Religion**;
  • Globalization and Conversion – Globalization and Conversion**; Conclusion**;
  • God – Referring to God, Goddess, Gods, and Goddesses*; Qualitative and Quantitative Theistic Categories**; Attributes of God**; Globalization of God*; Concepts of God**;
    • God – Attributes of God – Omnipresence*; Omnipotence*; Omniscience*;
    • God – Concepts of God – Abrahamic Traditions**; Traditions of the Americas*; Eastern Religions**; Greco-Roman Traditions*; New Religious Movements*;
  • Goddess – Goddesses in Ancient Religions**; Goddesses in Asia**; Goddesses in Europe, Africa, and the Americas**;
  • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – The Guatemelan Bishops' Conference*; The Catholic Charismatic Renewal*;
  • Halakha and Shari’a* - Shari’a**;
  • Heaven – Judaism and Christianity**; Islam*; Hinduism and Buddhism**; Evolution of Beliefs About Heaven*;
  • Heresy – Heresy in Christianity**; Heresy in Islam**; The Concept of Heresy in Eastern Religions*;
  • Hinduism – Beliefs, Thought, and Practice***; Medieval and Modern Developments**; Hinduism as a Global Religion**;
    • Hinduism – Beliefs, Thought, and Practice – Beliefs and Rites***; Systems of Thought**;
  • Holidays – Holidays in Islam*; Holidays in Christianity**; Holidays in Judaism**; Holidays in Hinduism**; Holidays in Buddhism**; Holidays and Globalization**;
  • Human Rights – International Law**; Religious Support**; Summary*;
    • Human Rights – Religious Support – Christians*; Jews*; Muslims*; Hindus*; Buddhists*; Chinese*; Others*;
  • India – Ancient India Influenced by Aryans*; Indian Origins of Global Buddhism**; India's Christian and Jewish Communities*; India's Role in Global Islam**; Global Spread of Sikhism*; Global Spread of Hindu Teachers and Fellowships*; India in the Era of Global Religion*;
  • Indigenous Religions – Lands**; Deities**; Orality**; The Future of Indigenous Religions*;
    • Indigenous Religions – Lands – Colonization and Removal Attempts**;
    • Indigenous Religions – Deities – Philippine Islands**; West Africa**;
    • Indigenous Religions – Orality – Morality*; Religious Leaders*;
  • Indo-European Religion – Historical and Geographical Parameters**; Historical Significance**;
  • Indonesia – Pascasila*; Animism*; Hinduism*; Buddhism*; Islam**; Roman Catholicism*; Protestantism*; Confucianism*; Recent Developments*;
  • Iran – Historical Iran**; Iran's Unleashed Youth Power*; Women in Iran*; The Commemoration of Ashura**;
  • Iraq – Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians*; Paganism and Gnosticism*; Magianism*; Judaism and Christianity**; Islam*;
  • Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam**; Why Arabic?*; The Sunnī/Shi’a Divide*; The Five Pillars of Islam**; The Seven Articles of Faith**; Festivals and Ceremonies*; Halal and Haram*; Islam and Violence**; Islam and Women**;
    • Islam – Sources of Knowledge in Islam – The Qur’an*; The Hadith*; Basis of Shari’a*;
    • Islam – The Five Pillars of Islam – Belief (Iman)*; Prayer (Salaat)**; Sharing Wealth/Charity (Zakaat)*; Fasting During the Month of Ramadan (Sawm)*; Pilgrimage (Hajj)*;
    • Islam – The Seven Articles of Faith – The Oneness of God (Tauheed)**; Angels*; Scriptures*; Prophets*; The Day of Judgment*; Fate (Qadar)**; Life after Death/Heaven and Hell*;
    • Islam – Islam and Women – Social and Political Rights of Women*; Property Rights of Women in Islam*; Marriage and the Right to Divorce in Islam*; Polygamy*;
  • Islam in Latin America – Migration from the Near East to Latin America (1880-1930)**; Construction of a Muslim Minority**;
  • Islamic Modernism – Origins*; Reformers***;
    • Islamic Modernism – Reformers – Tahtawi and Khayr al-Din*; Afghani**; Abduh**; Rida**; Khan and Iqbal**;
  • Islamic Reform – Saudi Arabia*; Egypt**; South Asia*; Iraq, Iran, and Shi’a Reforms*; Women*;
  • Ismailis – The Formative Years (ca. 7th to 9th centuries CE)*; The Fatimids and Qarmatis (ca. 9th to 12th centuries)*; Nizari, Tayibbi, and Hafizi Ismailis (ca. 12th to 13th Centuries CE)*; The Nizaris (ca. 13th to 18th centuries CE)*; The Agha Khan Imams (ca. 18th to 20th Centuries CE)**;
  • Israel – Secularism and Orthodoxy in Israeli Judaism**; Muslims and Christians**; The Legacy of the Diaspora**;
  • Italy – Increased Religious Diversification**; “Do-It-Yourself” Catholicism*; Strong but Changing Social and Political Presence*;
  • Jainism – Background**; Global Jainism**; Ideology and Practice**; Conclusion*;
    • Jainism – Global Jainism – Ahimsa**; Aparigrapha**; Anekantavada**;
  • Japan – Chinese and Korean Migration**; Religions of Koreans in Japan**; Religions in Chinatowns in Japan**; Religions During and After Japanese Imperialism**; Religion and Japanese Immigration**; Japanese Brazilians in Japan**; Most Recent Newcomers: Muslims*;
  • Jewish Diaspora – The Concept of Diaspora Versus Exile**; A Diaspora Like No Other**; The Historical Diaspora in Ancient Times**; The Emergence of Different Cultural Groups Within Jewry**; Early Medieval Diaspora Under Islam**; Medieval Diasporas Under Christianity**; Between Anti-Semitism and Enlightenment***; Modern Diaspora**;
  • Judaism – The Diaspora**; Leadership in Diaspora Communities**; Written and Oral Law**; Messianism**; Diversity and Heterodoxy**; Jewish Contributions to Culture**;
  • Just War – Cicero*; Augustine and Aquinas*; Early Modern Period**; Twentieth Century*; Present and Future of Just War Theory*;
  • Kazakhstan – Islam in Kazakhstan**; Christianity in Kazakhstan**; New Religious Movements in Kazakhstan*;
    • Kazakhstan – Christianity in Kazakhstan – Orthodox*; Roman Catholic**; Protestant**;
  • Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy**; Juche-Sasang (The Idea of Self-Reliance) and Religion**;
    • Korea, Democratic People's Republic of or North Korea – Establishment of the Nation and the Change of Religious Policy – 1945 to 1953*; 1953 to 1972*; 1972 to the Present**;
  • Korea, Republic of or South Korea – Historical Development of Korean Religion and Its Characteristics**; Today's Religious Situation in Korea**;
  • Kumbha Mela – Origins*; The Mela, Past and Present*; Participants**;
  • La Luz del Mundo Church – Origin and Doctrine of La Luz del Mundo**; La Luz del Mundo in the United States**; A Mexican Diaspora*;
  • Latin America – Christianity***; Indigenous Religiosity**; African-Derived Religions**; Modern Religions**;
  • Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today**; Progressive Muslims**;
    • Liberal Islam – Liberal Islam Today – Ijtihād as a Right*; Shari'a as a Human Interpretation of the Voice of Allah*; Human Rights Can Also Have a Religious Foundation*; Gender Equality Within Islam*;
    • Liberal Islam – Progressive Muslims – Social Justice*; Pluralism Inside and Outside the Umma**;
  • Liberation Theology – The Religious Context*; The Sociopolitical Context*; Liberation Theology and Social Change in Latin America**; Ambivalences of Liberation Theology**; The Sociopolitical Impact of Liberation Theology*; Liberation Theology Today*;
  • Madrid – Religious Statistics*' Religious History*; Religion and the Law*; Religious Architecture*; Religious Cemeteries*; Religion and Food Products*; Religious Festivities and Labor Law**; Religious Matrimony*; Religious Assistance in Public Institutions*; Religion and Education**; Religion and Public Economic Subsidies**;
  • Mahayana Buddhism – Origins**; Globalization of Buddhism**; Mahayana in the West**; A New “Yana”: Transcending Mahayana and Theravada**;
  • Malaysia – Islam**; Buddhism and Chinese Religious Traditions*; Hinduism**; Christianity*;
  • Martyrdom – History of Martyrdom**; Issues Concerning Martyrdom**;
  • Marxism – Life and Works of Karl Marx**; Dialectical Materialism**; Marxism and Religion**; Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements**; Marxism and Communism*; Marxism and Academia*;
    • Marxism – Marxism and Religion – On the Jewish Question*; Theses on Feuerbach*; Marxism and Liberation Theology*; Marxism and Religious Eschatology*; Marxism and Religious Movements*;
    • Marxism – Influence of Marxism on Revolutions and Social Movements – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*; China*: Cuba*;
  • Material Culture – Religion and Material Culture**; Directions for Future Research*;
  • Meditation – India: Yoga, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Tantra*; Nepal, Southeast Asia, Japan, and China: Buddhist Expansion and Chinese Meditation**; The Middle East and Continental Europe: Monotheistic Meditation Practices*; Meditation: Contemporary Global Phenomenon**;
  • Mediterranean World – Early Polytheism**; The Blending of the World**; Roman Dominance**; Christian Rome*; The Islamization of the Sea**; The 'Abbāsid Caliphate and the Founding of al-Andalus*; The Crusades**; Inquisitions, Turks, and the Ottoman Empire**; The Decline of the Mediterranean*;
  • Men's Roles – Men as Founders and Religious Professionals**; Men's Spirituality**;
  • Mesoamerican Religions – Olmec*; Teotihuacan**; Tula*; Mixtec and Zapotec*; Maya**; Aztec**; After the Conquest**;
  • Mexico – Spanish Colonization and Evangelization*; Catholic Church and Mexican State*; Religion and Secularization*; The Pluralism of Mexican Catholicism*; Religious Pluralization**;
  • Mexico City – History of Mexico City**; Culture of Religion in Mexico City**;
    • Mexico City – Culture of Religion in Mexico City – The Virgin of Guadeloupe**; The Day of the Dead*;
  • Middle East – Egypt*; Sumeria*; Persia and Syria**; The Monotheistic Religions***; The Ottoman Empire**; The Middle East in the Present Day*;
    • Middle East – The Monotheistic Religions – Judaism**; Christianity**; Islam**;
  • Millenarian Movements – Related Terms**; Range of Behaviors*; Nativist Millennial Movements**; Millenarianism and New Religious Movements**; Millenarianism and Violence**; Conclusion*;
  • Missions and Missionaries – Distinction Between Mission and Missions**; Missionaries**; Missionary Activity Today**; Conclusion**;
    • Missions and Missionaries – Missionary Activity Today – Christian**; Buddhist*; Hindu*; Muslim*;
  • Modernism – Enlightenment**; Religion*; Industrialism**;
    • Modernism – Industrialism – Taylorism and Fordism*; McDonaldization*;
  • Modernization – Medieval Europe*; The Protestant Reformation**; Enlightenment Rationalism and Christian Pietism*; Secularization, Progress, and the Self-Contradictions of Global Modernization***;
  • Monasticism – Christian Monasticism**; Buddhist Monasticism**;
  • Mormons – Origins and Early History***; Mormonism Today**;
    • Mormons – Origins and Early History – The Move Westward**; The Nauvoo Settlement**; Schisms and Migration**;
  • Multiculturalism – History*; Criticisms*; Multiculturalism and Religion*; Freedom of Speech and Expression**; Gender Equality*; Everyday Multiculturalism*;
  • Multiple Faiths – Definition*; Examples*; Related Phenomena*; History*; Conclusion*;
  • Multiple Modernities – Classical Approaches to Modernity**; The Political and Cultural Program of Modernity: Autonomy and Destructive Tendencies**; The Religious Dimension of Modernity**;
  • Music – The Power of Music in Religion**; Globalization, Religion, and Music**; Global Religions and Musical Diversity**; Conclusion*;
  • Muslim Brotherhood – Early Years**; Beyond Egypt: Arab Nationalism and Militant Islamism**;
  • Mysticism – Toward a Typology of Mystical Experiences**; Interpretative Approaches**; Methodology**;
    • Mysticism – Interpretative Approaches – Contextualist Approaches*; Philosophical and Theoretical Approaches*; Phenomenological and Comparative Approaches*; Theological Approaches*; Psychological Approaches*; Neuroscientific Approaches*; Postcolonialist and Postmodernist Approaches*;
  • Native Latin American Religion – Changes and Continuities**; Complexity, Diversity, and Tension**; Belief Systems, Culture, and Identity**; Indigenous Peoples Today: Religion and Conflict**;
  • Native North American Religion – Worldview*; Guardians and Totems**; The Supreme Being**; The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony**; Dynamics of Native North American Religions*;
    • Native North American Religion – The Cosmogonic Myths and Cosmic Harmony – Myths and Symbols**; Nature and Religion*; Taboos*; Visions and Rituals**;
  • Natural Law – Thomas Aquinas**; Snapshots of the 17th Century**; Current Debates Concerning Natural Law**;
  • Neo-Pagan Movements – Origins and Characteristics**; Implications*;
  • New Age Movements – Spiritual Eclecticism and Consumerism**; Problems of Definition*; Occulture and the New Age**; The Emergence of the New Age**; Global New Age**;
  • New Religions – Definitions and Classifications***; Conclusion*;
  • New Religions in Africa – Historical Context**; Indigenous Religions**; African-Derived Religions in the Diaspora**;
  • New Religions in Cuba – Cuba's Religious Traditions**; Implications*;
  • New Religions in Japan – Chief Characteristics of Modern New Religions**; Development of Modern New Religions and Their Social Activities**; New Types of Groups: The “Hyper Religions”**;
  • New Religions in South America – Catholic Charismatic Renewal**; (Neo-)Pentecostalism**; Afro-Brazilian Religions**; New Age**; Asian Religions: Hare Krishna and Buddhism**;
  • New Religions in the United States – New Religions in the 19th Century**; New Religions in the 20th Century**; The Turn East**; The Anticult Movement and Cult Wars**; The Future of New Religions**;
  • Nonviolence – Roots of Christian Nonviolence**; Christian Nonviolence in the Early 20th Century**; Nonviolence in South Asia**; Modern Religious Nonviolence**; Buddhist Nonviolence**;
  • Nordic Countries – Church and State**; Church Membership and Rites of Passage**; Religious Identity, Practice, and Faith**; Ethnic and Religious Minorities**; Changing Religious Landscapes*;
  • North Africa – Pre-Christian History*; The Christian Era*; The Islamic Era**; The Colonial Period**; The Independence Period*;
  • North America – Modern Demographic Realities**; Domination and Christianization**; Modernity and Its Consequences**; Key Trends in the Contemporary Cultural Scene**; Religious Politics and Fragmentation**; The Future of North American Religion and Globalization**;
  • Ottoman Empire – Foundations of Ottoman Social and Legal Structures***; Conclusion*;
    • Ottoman Empire – Foundations of Ottoman Social and Legal Structures – Education**; The Millet System**;
  • Pakistan – History Prior to Independence**; An Independent Pakistan**; Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the Taliban**;
  • Palestine – Early History Until the 19th History**; The 19th Century Onward**;
  • Panama – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Panama – Roman Catholicism – The Panamanian Bishops' Conference*; Catholic Charismatic Renewal or CCR*;
  • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism**; Mainstream Protestantism*; Pentecostalism and Neo-Pentecostalism*; Marginal Christians*; Other World Religions and Transnational Religious Movements*;
    • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Jesuits and Franciscans*; The Bishops' Conference and Liberation Theology**; The Catholic Charismatic Renewal*;
  • Pentecostal Movement – Historical Development**; Pentecostal Expansion**;
  • Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis**; Philosophia Perennis et Universalis**; The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis**;
    • Perennial Philosophy – The Term Philosophia Perennis – Historical Origin*; Variant Uses**;
    • Perennial Philosophy – Philosophia Perennis et Universalis – Cross-Civilizational Implications**; Related Terms*;
    • Perennial Philosophy – The Doctrine of the Philosophia Perennis – Origin*; The Return*;
  • Philippines – Dissolution of Indigenous Culture**; Islamic Insurgency and Government Response**;
  • Pilgrimage – Pilgrimage as Journey*; Reasons for Pilgrimage**; Pilgrimage as Ritual**; Pilgrimage Sites**; Time and Boundaries in Pilgrimage**; Pilgrimage and Tourism**; Pilgrimage and Modernity*;
  • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline***; Globalization and Pluralism**;
    • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space**; Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected**; Pluralism as a Way of Observing the World**;
      • Pluralism – Conceptual Outline – Pluralism as the Existence of More Than One of a Given Kind within a Delimited Space – Religious pluralism understood as the existence of more than one religious tradition within a given society*; Religious pluralism understood as the coexistence of different institutional or interpretational forms within a given religious tradition*; Religious pluralism as the commitment to and/or combination of beliefs and practices from different religions at an individual level*;
      • Pluralism – Conceptual Pluralism - Pluralism as a Value or a Moral Principle That Asserts Diversity as a Positive Thing that Should Be Supported and Protected – Religious pluralism as a human rights issue*; Religious pluralism as inscribed in state legislations*; Religious pluralism as linked to interfaith dialogue and ecumenical work*;
    • Pluralism – Globalization and Pluralism – The Creation of Transnational Commandments**; The Pluralization and Relativization of State-Societies and Majority Religions**; Translation of the Concept of Religion**;
  • Politics and Religion – Secularization Theory**; Definitions and History**; Types of Differentiation and the Modern State**; Religion and Pluralism**;
    • Politics and Religion – Definitions and History – Religion*; Politics*; The Interplay**;
  • Popular Religion - “Folk” Religion**; Mass Culture*; Late-Modern or Postmodern Religiosity**;
  • Postcolonial Theology – Dating of Postcolonial Theology**; The Critical Analytical Task*; Decolonizing Theologies*;
  • Postcolonialism – Colonial and Postcolonial Knowledge**; Christian Missionizing and the Globalization of Christianity***; Secularization, Nation-State Formation, and Religious Nationalism***;
  • Postmodernism – Modernism Versus Postmodernism**; Pioneers of Postmodernism***; Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture**; Postmodernism and Globalization*;
    • Postmodernism – Pioneers of Postmodernism – Structuralism and Deconstructionism (Poststructuralism)*; Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche*; Richard Rorty*; Roland Barthes*; Michel Foucault*; Jacques Derrida*; Jean Baudrillard*; Jean-Francois Lyotard*; Fredric Jameson*;
    • Postmodernism – Postmodernism, Religion, and Popular Culture – Fragmentation*; Authenticity*; Expression*;
  • Protestant Christianity – Origins*; Protestantism in the Western World*; Missionary Expansion of Protestantism**; Pentecostalism*;
  • Reform Hinduism – The Brahmo Samaj**; The Arya Samaj and the Theosophical Society**; The Ramakrishna Mission*; Aurobindo Ghose*; Mohandas Gandhi*; Hindutva*; The Hindu Diaspora*; Communalism*;
  • Reform Judaism – Emancipation in Europe*; Catalysts for European Reform**; Beginning of the Reform Movement in Germany: Religious Changes**; The Reform Movement in France and England**; The Reform Movement in the United States**; Reform as a Global Movement*;
  • Refugees – Religion and Forced Migration**; Religion and Identity Formation Among Refugees**; Religious Refugee Aid Organizations*;
  • Religion and State – Religion and the Shaping of the Modern State**; The Ways of Separation Between Church and State**;
  • Religious Dialogue – The Concept of Dialogue*; Kinds of Dialogue**; Brief Historical Survey**; Other Initiatives*; Issues and Concerns*;
  • Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law***; Religious Support and Resistance***;
    • Religious Freedom – Two Meanings: Religious Freedom in the United States and International Law – International Religious Freedom Act**; European Court of Human Rights*; International Efforts*;
    • Religious Freedom – Religious Support and Resistance – Religious History**; Religious Nationalism**; Religious Beliefs**; Right of Conscience**;
  • Religious Minority-Majority Relations – Global Level**; National Level*; Local Level*; Contemporary Pluralism*;
  • Religious Nationalism – Defining and Conceptualizing Religion and Nationalism**; Nationalism, Religion, and Secularization**; Religion and the Nation in a National World**; Nationalism, “Religious Return,” and the Contemporary World**; Conclusion*;
    • Religious Nationalism – Religion and the Nation in a National World – The anticlerical or “laicist” form*; The denominational form*; The national church form*; The separatist religious nationalism form*;
  • Rites of Passage – From Separation to Transition to Incorporation**;
  • Roman Catholicism – Critical Historical Events**; Demographic Composition*; Ethnocultural and Doctrinal Diversity**; The Church's Teaching on Social Justice*; Globalization and Religious Pluralism**;
  • Rome – Rome and Catholicism**; Rome and Other Religions**;
    • Rome – Rome and Catholicism – Holy Year or Jubilee*; The Jubilee 2000 Celebration**;
    • Rome – Rome and Other Religions – Jewish Romans*; Waldensian Protestant Church*; Immigration*; Pluralism*;
  • Russian Federation – The Religious “Map” of the Russian Federation in a Globalized World**; Theological Approach of Russian Orthodoxy to Globalization**; Russian Orthodox Antiglobalism**; Global Russian Orthodoxy**;
  • Sacred Places – Institutionalization, Protection, and Access to Sacred Places**; Conflict Over Sacred Places**;
  • Saints – The Institutionalization of Sainthood***; Unofficial, Popular Saints**; Heavenly and Human Intercessors*;
  • Sanskrit – Origins**; Sanskrit Manuscripts**; Sanskrit Scripts**;
  • Santería – Historical and National Context**; Cosmology and Initiatic System*; Communication between Men and Gods**; Ritual Kinship and Priesthood**; Social Organization and Contemporary Developments**;
  • Scripture – Scripture as a Relational Category**; Canonical Authority***;
    • Scripture – Canonical Authority – Veda**; Tipitaka**; Torah*; Christian Bible**; Qur’an*;
  • Secularization – Defining Secularization*; Theories of Secularization**; Current Developments in Fact and Theory*;
  • Sexuality – Sexual Images**; Attitudes Toward Heterosexuality**; Attitudes toward Homosexuality**; Autoeroticism*; Celbiacy*;
  • Shamanism – Basic Concepts: Saman, Shamanizing, Shamanism, Shamanhood**;
  • Shi’a Islam – Origins*; Shi’ite Ideology*; Religious Ramifications of the Oppositional Shi’ism**; Other Shi’ite Factions**; Suffering, Martyrdom, and Shrine Culture**; Shi’ite Theology and Jurisprudence**;
  • Shinto – History**;
  • Sikhism – History***;
    • Sikhism – History – Beliefs**; Sacred Literature**; Devotional and Ceremonial Life**;
  • Silk Road – Traveling the Roads*; Trade and Commodities*; History Along the Silk Road**; Religion on the Silk Road**;
    • Silk Road – Religion on the Silk Road – Zoroastrianism*; Buddhism*; Manichaeism*; Nestorianism*; Islam*;
  • Wilfred Cantwell Smith – Biography**; Global Religion**;
  • Social Justice – History of Social Justice**; Social Justice Policies*; Criticisms of the Concept of Social Justice*;
  • Abdulkarim Soroush – Religious Experience*; The Qur’an*; Religious Understanding*;
  • South Asia – Beginnings: Brahmanical, Buddhist, and Jain Traditions**; Early Exchanges with Other Cultures*; Classical Hinduism**; Buddhism Spreads Across Asia*; The Consolidation of Islam in the Subcontinent**; Relgiions in Interaction in Early Medieval and Medieval South Asia**; Judaism and Christianity in South Asia**; The Colonial Period**; Hindu Diaspora*; Religion in Postpartition South Asia**;
  • Southeast Asia – Ancient Hindu and Buddhist Kingdoms**; Islamic Countries**; Christianity in Southeast Asia**;
  • Sports – Sports as Religious Phenomena**; History of Competing and Complementary Systems**;
  • Sri Lanka – Religious Exchange in the Premodern World**; Colonial Religious History**; Protestant Buddhism**; Buddhist Nationalism**; Diaspora and Vittual Communities**;
  • Stupa – History, Form, and Symbolism*; Sacred Space and Religious Practice*;
  • Sufism – Definitions and Origins Sufism**; Abu Hamid al-Ghazali and Muhyi al-Din Ibn al-‘Arabi**; Characteristics and Development of Sufi Orders*; Jalāluddīn Rūmī*; Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyya**; Sufism in the Modern World**;
  • Sunnī Islam – Historical Development***; Modern Developments Among Sunnī Islam**;
    • Sunnī Islam – Historical Development – The Question of Leadership**; Legal and Theological Foundations**;
  • Taiwan – History**; Religions**;
  • Tajikistan – Religious History**; Religious Politics in the Post-Soviet World**;
  • Tattooing and Piercing – Ritual Tattooing*; Ritual Piercing*;
  • Televangelism – American Televangelism**; International Context*;
  • Television – Popular Television's American Roots**; Religious Intolerance in the 21st Century**;
  • Terrorism – The Role of Religion**; Religiously Motivated Terror Movements**; Rationalist Approaches*; The Microeffects of Religion**;
  • Thailand – Development of the Thai Nation-State*; Buddhism in Thailand**; Christianity in Thailand*; Islam in Thailand*; Thailand in the Global Era*;
  • Theravada Buddhism – History**; Scriptures**; Rituals and Practices**; Modenrity**;
  • Tibet – Introduction of Buddhistm to Tibet**; Buddhism in Tibet Today**; Tibet and the People's Republic of China*;
  • Tokyo – Religious Corporations**; Catholics From Abroad**; Muslims*;
  • Torah – Written Torah and Oral Torah**; Torah Between Texts**; Engaging the Torah**;
  • Torture – Legal History of Torture**; International Prohibitions Against Torture**; Torture in Democracies**;
  • Transnational – Transnational Civil Society**; Transnational Migrant Communities**;
  • Transvestites and Transsexuals – Religious Roles**; Religious Rejections**; Changing Relationships*;
  • United Kingdom – Religion and the United Kingdom: A Brief History**; Migration and Secularization**; The 21st Century**;
    • United Kingdom – Religion and the United Kingdom – A Brief History – The Century of Expansion**;
    • United Kingdom – Migration and Secularization – Northern Ireland*;
    • United Kingdom – The 21st Century – Faith Schools**; Islam*; Religious Freedom**;
  • United States of America – Major Religious Traditions**; Regional Patterns**; Polarized Religion**; Civil Religion**;
  • Vajrayana, Tibetan or Tibetan Vajrayana – History**; Philosophy**; Tantra**; Mantra**; Deities**; Ritual Practice**; Distrinctine Features of Tibetan Vajrayana**;
  • Veda – Śruti and Smrti**; Veda Beyond Texts*; Engaging the Veda*;
  • Vietnam – The Tam Giáo**; Indigenous Vietnamese Religion**; Buddhism in Vietnam*; Vietnamese Christianity*; Vietnam at the Beginning of the 21st Century*;
  • Violence – Christianity**; Judaism**; Islam**; Hinduism and Sikhism**; Buddhism**; Studies of Religious Violence**;
  • Vodou – Origins**; Philosophical Tracts*; Rituals*; Future*;
  • Women's Roles – Patriarchy in Religion**; Changes in Women's Role**; Variations in Women's Role Within Traditions**;
    • Women's Roles – Changes in Women's Role – Goddess Religion*; Liberating Founders and Patriarchal Institutions*; The Feminist Movement*;
  • World Council of Churches – Historical Background**; Achievements Since 1948**; Criticisms of the Council**; Initiatives with the Future in View*;
  • World Theology – Catholic Theology**; Anglican and Protestant Theology**; Theology in Global Settings**;
  • Zen Buddhism – History**; Practice**; Zen in the West**;
  • Zionism – The Forerunners of Zionism**; Herzl, Founder of the Zionist Movement*; Challenges to the Zionist Idea**; Contending Interpretations and Factions**;
  • Zoroastrianism and Parsis – Theology**; History**; Influence on Other Religions**;

Encyclopedia of Religion

edit

both 1987 and 2005 editions

African American religions

edit

Major articles

edit

2 pages or more

  • African American religions* – An Overview; History of Study; Afro-American religions* – An Overview – 1987; Afro-Brazilian religions* – 1987; 2005; 2005 – Candomblé;
  • Black theology*;
  • Caribbean religions* – Afro-Caribbean religions; Christianity* – Christianity in Latin America; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808); Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960); Christianity in the Caribbean Region; Christianity in North America; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups;
  • Divination* – An Overview; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms;
  • Gender and religion* – An Overview; An Overview – 2005 – New methodologies and scholarship; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Individual monographs and multiauthor volumes; Gender and African American religions;
  • Healing and medicine* – An Overview; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora;
  • Islam* – An Overview; An Overview – 1987; An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects; An Overview – 2005; Islam in the Americas; Islam in the Americas – 1987; Islam in the Americas – 2005; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the United States: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries;
  • Jonestown and Peoples Temple*;
  • Kardecism*;
  • Nation of Islam*;
  • Political theology*;
  • Vodou*;
  • Yoruba religion*;

Significant articles

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3 paragraphs to 2 pages or over 1 column

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity; An Overview – 2005 – Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness; An Overview – 2005 – Institutionalization; An Overview – 2005 – Religious diversification in the postemancipation period; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; Muslim Movements; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Nation of Islam; History of study – 2005 – W. E. B. Du Bois and the study of African American religion; History of study – 2005 – The Negro church; History of study – 2005 – The Black church; History of study – 2005 – African American religion: a social science perspective; History of study – 2005 – The hidden voices of women: Hurston, Dunham, Deren, and the study of African diasporic religions; History of study – 2005 – Studies in "slave religion"; History of study – 2005 – Expanded studies of black religion and the influence of black theological discourse; History of study – 2005 – Womanist religious thought; History of study – 2005 – Seminal anthologies and documentary histories; History of study – 2005 – New trends and currents in African American religious studies; History of study – 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War; An Overview – 1987 – Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I; An Overview – 1987 – Afro-Americans in an urban setting; Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Beliefs and organizational structures; 1987 – Places of worship, iconography, and dress; 1987 – Bibliography; 2005 – Origins, commonalities, and distinctions; 2005 – Umbanda; 2005 – Influence of popular culture; 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-Surinamese religions* – 1987/2005 – Coastal Creole Winti; 1987/2005 – Maroon religions; Richard Allen*;
  • Black theology – 2005 – Origins of black theology; 2005 – Black theology's message; 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Haitian vodou; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Cuban Santería; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – The Shango cult in Trinidad; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Convince; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Kele cult in Saint Lucia; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Ancestral cult of the Black Carib of Belize; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults – Rastafarianism; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Foundations of the colonial church; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Missions; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Later conflicts and crises; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Identity crisis; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Conflict and growth; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Catholicism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Protestantism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Catholicism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Protestantism; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – The Early years; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Roman Catholic Church; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Protestant churches; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Demographics; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of African North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Revivalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – Growth and change in North American Catholicism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – American denominationalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – Canadian denominationalism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Eastern Orthodoxy; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – Sectarian movements; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – New religious movements; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Canadian Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – American Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Alexander Crummell*;
  • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Possession divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Wisdom divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divination in Western religions; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Sacrificial motifs; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Ifa Divination;
  • Elijah Muhammad*;
  • Father Divine*;
  • Marcus Garvey*; Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – What gender does and does not mean; An Overview – 2005 – Gender studies and religion; An Overview – 2005 – Central concepts and concerns; An Overview – 2005 – Significant research themes; An Overview – 2005 – Prominent contemporary debates and new directions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Mythic contexts in constructing gender; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Symbolic construction of gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Ritual and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions; Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of disease; An Overview – 2005 – Proximate causes of illness; An Overview – 2005 – Diagnosis; An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of cure; An Overview – 2005 – Healing techniques; An Overview – 2005 – Healers; An Overview – 2005 – The social body; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Works on specific religious traditions; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities;
  • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Early development of the community; An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Medieval and later developments; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – The Qur'ān; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sunnah; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Law; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Theology; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī doctrine; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī orders; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Shī'ī subsects; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Modernism; An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Islam's attitude to other religions; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – Topical studies; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Slaves and plantation communities; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Ottoman immigrants; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Urban life; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Postwar demography and developments; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Slaves and plantation communities; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the Caribbean and South America; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in Canada; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Absalom Jones*; Jonestown and Peoples Temple – 2005 – Rise and demise; 2005 – Interprative contexts; 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Kardecism – 1987/2005 – Kardec's life and work; 1987/2005 – Kardecism in Brazil; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • George Liele*;
  • Malcolm X*;
  • Nation of Islam – 2005 – Master Fard and the beginning of a movement; 2005 – Elijah Muhammad's teachings; 2005 – The Nation of Islam transformed; 2005 – Bibliography; Nuwaubians*;
  • Political theology – Bibliography; Bibliography – 1987; Bibliography – 1987 – Miscellaneous works;
  • Santería* – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; William Seymour*;
  • Henry McNeal Turner*;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – African influence; 1987/2005 – Roman Catholic influence; 1987/2005 – The Vodou view of person; 1987/2005 – Vodou and the dead; 1987/2005 – Vodou ceremonies; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Yoruba religion – Bibliography;

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1 or 2 paragraphs

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – Creolization in the Atlantic world; An Overview – 2005 – North America: slave religion; An Overview – 2005 – Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Moorish Science; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; History of study – 2005 – African American religion and approaches to sacred texts; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – Emancipation and Reconstruction; An Overview – 1987 – Civil rights and black power; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Abolition and other social causes; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Religion under slavery; Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Origins and classification of the cults; 2005 – Demographic issues; 2005 – Early research; Afro-Surinamese religions – 1987/2005 – Historical background; 1987/2005 – Slave religion; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Black theology – 2005 – Womanist theology;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Kumina; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Kromanti Dance; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – The Big Drum Dance in Grenada and Carriacou; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Spiritual Baptists (Shouters) of Trinidad; Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – The Shakers of Saint Vincent; Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Orthodox churches; Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005 new additions; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Anglican Church; Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Spanish missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – French missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – English missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Canadian and American (U.S.) missions; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Puritanism; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Evangelicalism and moral crusades; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – New France; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – British North Atlantic colonies; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Regional Christianity; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – The larger North American landscape; Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Alexander Crummell – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination; Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Elijah Muhammad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Father Divine – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Marcus Garvey – 2005 – Bibliography; Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Gender as an analytical category; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Reference works; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Other works;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Overviews; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Heating things up: raising ashe; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Making wanga; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Poisons that heal; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Later sects; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – General works; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – New sources; Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Bibliography; Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Islam in the Americas: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries; Absalom Jones – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • George Liele – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Malcolm X – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Nuwaubians – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987 – European political theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Latin American liberation theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Feminist liberation theology; Bibliography – 1987 – Black political theology; Bibliography – 2005;
  • William Seymour – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Henry McNeal Turner – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – Vodou spirits; 1987/2005 – Vodou and magic; 1987/2005 – Vodou in the Haitian diaspora;
  • Yoruba religion – Bibliography – 1987; Bibliography – 2005;

African religions

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Major articles

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Significant articles

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  • Affliction – African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Societies, history, and therapeutics; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Common features and variations; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Settings and samples; African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity; An Overview – 2005 – Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness; An Overview – 2005 – Institutionalization; An Overview – 2005 – Religious diversification in the postemancipation period; An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography; African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Historical background; An overview – 1987/2005 – General characteristics; An overview – 1987/2005 – Mythology: Creation, heroes, and tricksters; An overview – 1987/2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets; An overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual: Sacrifice and rites of passage; An overview – 1987/2005 – Persons, ancestors, and ethics; An overview – 1987/2005 – Shrines, temples, and religious art; An overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – The personal encounter with God; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Cosmic egg and primal world: theosophical myths; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Dogon mythology; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Prophetic indigenous churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Messianic indigenous churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Separatist churches; Modern movements – 1987 – Neotraditional movements; Modern movements – 1987 – The Future of the new African religions; Modern movements – 1987 – Cultural and social contributions of Africa's new religions; Modern movements – 1987 – Bibliography; New religious movements – 2005 – Typologies; New religious movements – 2005 – AICs in Southern Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; New religious movements – 2005 – AICs in West Africa; New religious movements – 2005 – Political independence and modern movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity; New religious movements – 2005 – Modern Islam-derived movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Asian, African diaspora, and modern secular religions; New religious movements – 2005 – Neotraditionalist movements; New religious movements – 2005 – Bibliography; History of study – 1987 – Missionary reports; History of study – 1987 – Comparative syntheses: the quest for origins; History of study – 1987 – Tribal monographs; History of study – 1987 – Anthologies and new outlooks; History of study – 1987 – New developments; History of study – 2005 – Ancient considerations; History of study – 2005 – Accounts of early missionaries and explorers; History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Evolutionary theory; History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Ethnological view; History of study – 2005 – Post- World War II evaluations; History of study – 2005 – Areas of growth; History of study – 2005 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War; An Overview – 1987 – Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I; An Overview – 1987 – Afro-Americans in an urban setting; Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death; African Concepts – 2005 – Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals; African Concepts – 2005 – The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual; African Concepts – 2005 – Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions; African Concepts – 2005 – Bibliography; Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Ancestors; 1987/2005 – The deities; Aksumite religion*; Alinesitoue* – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet; Amma*;
  • Bambara religion* – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation; 1987/2005 – Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult; 1987/2005 – Initiatory societies and spiritual life; Bemba religion*; Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion; 1987/2005 – Berber religion in Islamic times;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Common base; 1987/2005 – Social setting; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Absence of a cult of the creator; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Ancestral spirits and domestic cults; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Territorial cults, heroes, and nature spirits; 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Cults of suffering; 1987/2005 – Religious transformation; Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Beginnings of Christianity in Africa; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – The Colonial period; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Traditional churches; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – African theology; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Christianity around Africa; Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology; African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology – Doctrine or ritual?; African cosmologies – 2005 – Maasai cosmology; African cosmologies – 2005 – Kongo cosmology;
  • Usuman dan Fodio*; Diola religion*; Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Possession divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Wisdom divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divination in Western religions; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Sacrificial motifs; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Ifa Divination; Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – The Creation myth; 1987/2005 – Cults and social organization; 1987/2005 – Speech and being;
  • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and myth; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Lesser deities and their relations with the living; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Explanations of and responses to evil and misfortune; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Religious change and prophetic movements; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Edo religion*;
  • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography; African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Primary sources; African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Criticism and general studies; Fon and Ewe religion* – 1987/2005 – Fon; Fulbe religion*;
  • Gender and religion – Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Mythic contexts in constructing gender; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Symbolic constructions of gender studies in African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Rigidity and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions; Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Relationship to spiritual and human beings and other cosmic entities; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Amma; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ngewo; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Olódùmarè and Olórun; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Chukwu, or Chineke (Igbo of Eastern Nigeria); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nhialic; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Kwoth; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ngai; African supreme beings – 2005 – Names of notable supreme beings in Africa; African supreme beings – 2005 – Early studies and contemporary appropriation/adoption; African supreme beings – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • William Wade Harris*; Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Religious background; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Health; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Diviner-diagnosticians; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Herbalists; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Surgery; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities; Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ancestors and kings: two case studies; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Presence of power; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Models of response; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – Rites of passage; Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – World maintenance rituals;
  • Igbo religion*; Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Spirit powers; 1987/2005 – Cults (1987); 1987/2005 – Social context; Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – Berber religiosity; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – The conquest; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Arabization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Islamization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – Literary works; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almoravid movement; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almohads; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The post-Almohad period; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – Official Islam; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Marabout movement; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – Pre-Salafīyah and Salafīyah; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the Sahara and the Sahel; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Mali: the West African pattern of Islamization; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Scholars and rulers: Tombouctou in Songhai; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the savanna; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Early jihād movements; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Kanem-Bornu and Hausaland to 1800; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Revolution and reform in Hausaland; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Progress of Islam in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in East Africa and the interlacustrine/central region; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamic art and architecture; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Popular Islam in Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Women and Islam; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamic law in Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Simon Kimbangu*; Kinjikitile*; Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Kongo religious history; 1987/2005 – Kongo beliefs and practices today; Kwoth*;
  • Alice Lenshina*; Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Worlds of the living and the dead; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Sacrifice to the dead and spirits;
  • Mami Wata*; John Maranke* – 1987/2005 – The Apostolic movement on an international scale; 1987/2005 – The Impact of the Apostolic Church in Central and Southern Africa; Masks* – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and its wearer; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and the dead; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – Masks, women, and secret societies; Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – Bibliography; 2005 – Historical overview; 2005 – Problems of definition; 2005 – The Geography of ritual masks; 2005 – What does the ritual mask represent?; 2005 – The Mask and its wearer; 2005 – The Mask and the dead; 2005 – Masks, women, and secret societies; Mawu-Lisa*; Mbona*; Muhammad Ahmad*; Mulungu*; Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Organization of sacred music; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Impact of religion on musical life; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Islam; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Christianity;
  • Ndembu religion* – 1987/2005 – Life-crisis rituals; Ngai*; Nhialic*; Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Divinities and spirits; 1987/2005 – Prophets; Nyame*;
  • Olorun*;
  • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Social dynamics; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Colonialization; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Modernization and Christianity; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Islam and the state; Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – East African traditions; African prophetism – 2005 – Xhosa tradition; African prophetism – 2005 – Diola tradition; Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Aka pygmies; 1987/2005 – Baka pygmies; 1987/2005 – Mbuti pygmies; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Sango*; Isaiah Shembe*; Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Spirits of the land; 1987/2005 – Christianity among the Shona; Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Theoretical elaborations; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – Internal soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – External soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Origin of the soul; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Destiny of the soul; Southern African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Concepts of God; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Shades; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual life; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Kinship rituals; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction, spirit possession, and divination; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Witchcraft; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Ritual, order, and the religious experience; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – A Thermodynamic conception of the individual and of the universe; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Python cult; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cosmology and sacred kingship; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Study of religion* – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Contributions; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Major challenges; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Scholarly organizations and publications; The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Tiv religion*; Tswana religion*;
  • ‘Umar Tāl*; UNkulunkulu*;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – The Living and their ancestors; 1987/2005 – Places of worship; 1987/2005 – Initiation and spiritual life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Subjective aspects; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Overt consequences of belief; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Distinctive features; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Debate over a basic distinction; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Theoretical approaches to African witchcraft; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Witchcraft under modern conditions; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Zulu cosmology and the natural order; 1987/2005 – Ancestors and social life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;

Minor articles

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1 or 2 paragraphs

  • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – Creolization in the Atlantic world; An Overview – 2005 – North America: slave religion; An Overview – 2005 – Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout; African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Monotheism and polytheism; An overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and experience; Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – General themes; New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity – Neo-Pentecostalism from abroad; New religious movements – 2005 – Conclusions; History of study – 1987 – Bibliography; Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Abolition and other social causes; An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – Religion under slavery; An Overview – 1987 – Emancipation and Reconstruction; An Overview – 1987 – Civil rights and black power; An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography; Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife; African Concepts – 2005 – The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors; Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god; 1987/2005 – Christianity and Islam; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Alinesitoue – 2005 – Her Legacy; 2005 – Conclusion; 2005 – Bibliography; Amma – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Berber religion in Christian times; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Professional cults; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Bibliography; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Rise of Pentecostalism; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Relations with Islam; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Conclusion; Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Bibliography; Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Conclusion; African cosmologies – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Usuman dan Fodio – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Diola religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination; Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography; Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Drama – African religious drama – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Agaw; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Oromo; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Amhara-Tigriňa; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Gurage; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Majangir; Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Bibliography; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Amhara-Tigriňa; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Gurage; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Majangir; Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Bibliography; Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Edo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Ewe; 1987/2005 – Religious change; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions – 2005 – Bibliography; God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Mythologies: creation and existence; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Names: ancient and descriptive; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Attributes: being and expression; African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Anthropomorphic descriptions; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nyame (Onyankopon, Onyame); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Osanobwa, or Osanobua; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Mulungu (Bantu and Sudanese of East Africa); African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Nzambi; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Ndjambi; African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – UNkulunkulu; African supreme beings – 2005 – Worship;
  • William Wade Harris – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Social context; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Childbirth; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Protection; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Witchcraft and sorcery; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Ethnopsychiatry; Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Bibliography; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Heating things up: raising ashe; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Making wanga; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Poisons that heal; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Igbo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The prehistoric substrate; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The Phoenico-Punic influence; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – Romanization and Christianization; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Ottoman Turks; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality – The Zāwiyah and the naturalist substratum; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – The Critique of the zāwiyahs; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – From Salafīyah to nationalism; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – The New dichotomy; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – Political temptation; Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – The Sūfī orders and the nineteenth-century jihāds in Western Sudan; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in South Africa; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Cultural dynamics; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam during the colonial period; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islamization of African languages; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Future of Islam in Africa; Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kinjikitile – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Kwoth – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Alice Lenshina – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Luba concepts of body and soul; 1987/2005 – Unity of spiritual and physical worlds; 1987/2005 – Creator god; 1987/2005 – Medicine, witchcraft, sorcery; 1987/2005 – Ritual life; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Myth; 1987/2005 – Divination; 1987/2005 – Evil; 1987/2005 – Rainmakers and prophets; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Mami Wata – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; John Maranke – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mawu-Lisa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Muhammad Ahmad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Mulungu – 1987 – Bibliography; Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction; 1987/2005 – Spirits (1987); 1987/2005 – God; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Ngai – 1987 – Bibliography; Nhialic – 1987 – Bibliography; Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Priests and sacrifice; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Nyakyusa religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Nyame – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Olorun – 1987 – Bibliography;
  • Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets; African prophetism – 2005 – Bibliography; Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Rites of passage – African rites – 2005 – Ndebele birth ritual; African rites – 2005 – Agikuyu initiation rites; African rites – 2005 – Marriage in Tswana culture; African rites – 2005 – Sacred kingship among the Edo; African rites – 2005 – Limba funeral rituals; African rites – 2005 – Conclusion; African rites – 2005 – Bibliography;
  • Sango – 1987 – Bibliography; Isaiah Shembe – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – The ancestral cult; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Regional cults; 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – Peripheral cults; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Summary; Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Contextualization; Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Spirit possession; 1987/2005 – Traditional belief and Zulu Christianity; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;

Altaic religions

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Major articles

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2 pages or more

Significant articles

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3 paragraphs to 2 pages or over 1 column

  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism; 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Shaman; 1987/2005 – Marginalized shamanism;
  • Chinggis Khan*; Chuvash religion*;
  • Dolgan religion*;
  • Erlik*;
  • Gesar – 2005 – Bibliography; Geser*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Scythians; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Hsiung-nu or Xiong-nu; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Huns; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Türk; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Uighurs; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Ongon*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – The Forest peoples; 1987/2005 – Cattle breeding and the vertical conception of the world; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – The Sky god; Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – The Common heritage; 1987/2005 – The Popular religion; 1987/2005 – The Imperial religion; 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Ülgen*; Umai*;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Cosmology; 1987/2005 – The Pantheon; 1987/2005 – The Shaman;

Minor articles

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1 or 2 paragraphs

  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Hunter's shamanism; 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Sky creators and their founding sons; 1987/2005 – The Adaptation of shamanism; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Dolgan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Gesar – 2005 – The Epic: historical background and links with Buddhism; 2005 – The Episodes; 2005 – Bards; 2005 – Appropriation of the epic; Geser – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Ancient views of Inner Asia; 1987/2005 – Early medieval Judaic, Christian, and Islamic views (1987); 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Yüeh-chih or Yuezhi, Wu-sun or Wusun, and Kushans; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Hsien-pei or Xianbei and Juanjuan or Ruanruan; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Avars, Khazars, and Bulgars; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Central Asia before the Mongol conquest; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Rise of Inner Asian powers in Manchuria; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Chinggis Khan and the Mongol conquest; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Mongols in Europe; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Golden Horde and the Il-khanids; 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – The Mongols in China; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005*;
  • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Deities named Tengri; 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005;
  • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987; 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 2005; Umai – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography;

Subarticles

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  • Affliction – African cults of affliction***;
    • Affliction – African cults of affliction – 1987/2005 – Societies, history, and therapeutics**; Common features and variations**; Settings and samples**; Bibliography**;
  • African American religions – An Overview***; Muslim Movements**; History of Study***;
    • African American religions – An Overview – 2005 – African background: continuity and discontinuity**; Creolization in the Atlantic world*; North America: slave religion*; Categories: invisibility, opacity, and double-consciousness**; Modalities: the Holy Spirit, moan, and shout*; Institutionalization**; Religious diversification in the postemancipation period**; Bibliography**;
    • African American religions – Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Moorish Science*; Nation of Islam**; Bibliography*;
      • African American religions – Muslim movements – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • African American religions – History of study – 2005 – W. E. B. Du Bois and the study of African American religion**; The Negro church**; The Black church**; African American religion: a social science perspective**; The hidden voices of women: Hurston, Dunham, Deren, and the study of African diasporic religions**; Studies in "slave religion"**; Expanded studies of black religion and the influence of black theological discourse**; Womanist religious thought**; Seminal anthologies and documentary histories**; African American religion and approaches to sacred texts*; New trends and currents in African American religious studies**; Bibliography**;
  • African religions – An overview***; Mythic themes***; Modern movements – 1987***; New religious movements***; History of study***;
    • African religions – An overview – 1987/2005 – Historical background**; General characteristics**; Mythology: Creation, heroes, and tricksters**; Monotheism and polytheism*; Divinity and experience*; Mediums, diviners, and prophets**; Ritual: Sacrifice and rites of passage**; Persons, ancestors, and ethics; Shrines, temples, and religious art**; Bibliography**;
    • African religions – Mythic themes – 1987/2005 – General themes*; The personal encounter with God**; Mediators between order and disorder***; Binary oppositions and interchanges***; Cosmic egg and primal world: theosophical myths**; Dogon mythology**; Bibliography**;
    • African religions – Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches***; Separatist churches**; Neotraditional movements**; The Future of the new African religions**; Cultural and social contributions of Africa's new religions**; Bibliography**;
      • African religions – Modern movements – 1987 – Indigenous churches – Prophetic indigenous churches**; Messianic indigenous churches**;
    • African religions – New religious movements – 2005 – Typologies**; AICs in Southern Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo**; AICs in West Africa**; Political independence and modern movements**; Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity**; Modern Islam-derived movements**; Asian, African diaspora, and modern secular religions**; Neotraditionalist movements**; Conclusions*; Bibliography**;
      • African religions – New religious movements – 2005 – Contemporary forms of charismatic Christianity – Neo-Pentecostalism from abroad*;
    • African religions – History of study – 1987***; 2005***;
      • African religions – History of study – 1987 – Missionary reports**; Comparative syntheses: the quest for origins**; Tribal monographs**; Anthologies and new outlooks**; New developments**; Bibliography*;
      • African religions – History of study – 2005 – Ancient considerations**; Accounts of early missionaries and explorers**; Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries***; Post- World War II evaluations**; Areas of growth**; Bibliography**;
        • African religions – History of study – 2005 – Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries – Evolutionary theory**; Ethnological view**;
  • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987***;
    • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The Legacy from Africa**; The colonial period to the Civil War**; Emancipation and Reconstruction*; Transition: Post-Reconstruction to World War I**; Afro-Americans in an urban setting**; Civil rights and black power*; Bibliography*;
      • Afro-American religions – An Overview – 1987 – The colonial period to the Civil War – The issue of African colonization*; Abolition and other social causes*; Religion under slavery*;
  • Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987***; 2005***;
    • Afro-Brazilian religions – 1987 – Origins and classification of the cults*, Beliefs and organizational structures**; Places of worship, iconography, and dress**; Bibliography**;
    • Afro-Brazilian religions – 2005 – Origins, commonalities, and distinctions**; Demographic issues*; Early research*; Candomblé***; Umbanda**; Influence of popular culture**; Bibliography**;
  • Afro-Surinamese religions – 1987/2005 – Historical background*; Slave religion*; Coastal Creole Winti**; Maroon religions**; Bibliography*;
  • Afterlife – African Concepts***;
    • Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife*; Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death**; Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals**; The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual**; The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors*; Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions**; Bibliography**;
  • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god*; Ancestors**; The deities**; Christianity and Islam*; Bibliography*;
    • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Alinesitoue – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet**; Her Legacy*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Amma – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation**; Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult**; Initiatory societies and spiritual life**; Bibliography*;
    • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion**; Berber religion in Christian times*; Berber religion in Islamic times**; Bibliography*;
    • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Afterlife – African Concepts***;
    • Afterlife – African Concepts – 2005 – Afro-theism, cosmogonies, and African notions of afterlife*; Concepts of the human person and implications for life after death**; Notions of afterlife: clues from the mortuary and funerary rituals**; The living dead: corporate identity and the destiny of the individual**; The Living and the dead: the status and role of ancestors*; Change, continuity, and contestation: the impact of Christianity and other religions**; Bibliography**;
  • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – High god*; Ancestors**; The deities**; Christianity and Islam*; Bibliography*;
    • Akan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Aksumite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Alinesitoue – 2005 – The Beginnings of a prophet**; Her Legacy*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Amma – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – The Supreme being and the creation**; Ancestor worship and the dasiri cult**; Initiatory societies and spiritual life**; Bibliography*;
    • Bambara religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Bemba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Ancient Berber religion**; Berber religion in Christian times*; Berber religion in Islamic times**; Bibliography*;
    • Berber religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Black theology – 2005 – Origins of black theology**; Black theology's message**; Womanist theology*; Bibliography**;
  • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Hunter's shamanism*; The Cattle breeder's shamanism**; Marginalized shamanism**; The Adaptation of shamanism*; Bibliography*;
    • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – The Cattle breeder's shamanism – The Shaman**; The Sky creators and their founding sons*;
    • Buriat religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions***;
    • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults**; Ancestral cults**; Revivalist cults**; Religio-political cults**; Bibliography**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Neo-African cults – Haitian vodou**; Cuban Santería**; The Shango cult in Trinidad**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Ancestral cults – Kumina*; Convince**; The Kromanti Dance*; The Big Drum Dance in Grenada and Carriacou*; The Kele cult in Saint Lucia**; Ancestral cult of the Black Carib of Belize**;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Revivalist cults – Revival Zion**; Spiritual Baptists (Shouters) of Trinidad*; The Shakers of Saint Vincent*;
      • Caribbean religions – Afro-Caribbean religions – 1987/2005 – Religio-political cults – Rastafarianism**;
  • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Common base**; Social setting**; Cults and spirits***; Religious transformation**; Bibliography*;
    • Central Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Cults and spirits – Absence of a cult of the creator**; Ancestral spirits and domestic cults**; Territorial cults, heroes, and nature spirits**; Professional cults*; Cults of suffering**;
    • Central Bantu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Chinggis Khan – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa***; Christianity in Latin America***; Christianity in the Caribbean Region***; Christianity in North America***;
    • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987***; 2005**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987 – Beginnings of Christianity in Africa**; The Colonial period**; Independent churches***; Traditional churches**; African theology**; Bibliography*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Christianity around Africa**; The Rise of Pentecostalism*; Relations with Islam*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808)***; Church and national states (1808-1960)***; The Church and signs of new life**; Bibliography**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Colonial church (1492-1808) – Foundations of the colonial church**; Missions**; Later conflicts and crises**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Church and national states (1808-1960) – Identity crisis**; Conflict and growth**; Catholicism**; Protestantism**; Orthodox churches*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – The Church and signs of new life – Catholicism**; Protestantism**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in Latin America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005 new additions*;
    • Christianity – Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – The Early years**; Social structure and Caribbean Christianity**; Demographics**; Bibliography*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in the Caribbean Region – 1987/2005 – Social structure and Caribbean Christianity – Roman Catholic Church**; Anglican Church*; Protestant churches**;
    • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born***; Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups***; National and regional chronicles**; Bibliography**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans**; Conversion of African North Americans**; Conversion of European North Americans**; Evangelicalism and moral crusades*;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of native North Americans – Spanish missions*; French missions*; English missions*; Canadian and American (U.S.) missions*;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Christians made and born – Conversion of European North Americans – Puritanism*; Revivalism**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism**; Protestantism**; Eastern Orthodoxy**; Independent religious groups**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Roman Catholicism – New France*; British North Atlantic colonies*; Growth and change in North American Catholicism**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Protestantism – American denominationalism**; Canadian denominationalism**;
        • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Churches, denominations, and independent religious groups – Independent religious groups – Sectarian movements**; New religious movements**;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – National and regional chronicles – Canadian Christianity**; American Christianity**; Regional Christianity*; The larger North American landscape*;
      • Christianity – Christianity in North America – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Chuvash religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Cosmology – African cosmologies***;
    • Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology**; Maasai cosmology**; Kongo cosmology**; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
      • Cosmology – African cosmologies – 2005 – Yoruba cosmology – Doctrine or ritual?**;
  • Alexander Crummell – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Usuman dan Fodio – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Diola religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Divination – An Overview***; Ifa Divination**;
    • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms***; Divination in Western religions**; Sacrificial motifs**; Bibliography**;
      • Divination – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Basic forms – Intuitive divination*; Possession divination**; Wisdom divination**;
    • Divination – Ifa Divination – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – The Creation myth**; Cults and social organization**; Speech and being**; Bibliography*;
    • Dogon religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Dolgan religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Drama – African religious drama***;
    • Drama – African religious drama – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • East African religions – An Overview***; Ethiopian religions***; Northeast Bantu religions***;
    • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Divinity and myth**; Lesser deities and their relations with the living**; Explanations of and responses to evil and misfortune**; Religious change and prophetic movements**; Bibliography**;
      • East African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987***; 2005***;
      • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987 – Agaw*; Oromo*; Amhara-Tigriňa*; Gurage*; Majangir*; Bibliography*;
      • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 2005 – Amhara-Tigriňa*; Gurage*; Majangir*; Bibliography*;
        • East African religions – Ethiopian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
    • East African religions – Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
      • East African religions – Northeast Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Edo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Elijah Muhammad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Erlik – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Father Divine – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Fiction – African fiction and religion***;
    • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography**;
      • Fiction – African fiction and religion – 2005 – Bibliography – Primary sources**; Criticism and general studies**;
  • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Fon**; Ewe*; Religious change*; Bibliography*;
    • Fon and Ewe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Fulbe religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions***;
    • Gardens – Gardens in indigenous traditions – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Marcus Garvey – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Gender and religion – An Overview***; Gender and African religious traditions***; Gender and African American religions***;
    • Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – What gender does and does not mean**; Gender studies and religion**; Central concepts and concerns**; New methodologies and scholarship***; Significant research themes**; Prominent contemporary debates and new directions**; Bibliography***;
      • Gender and religion – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Gender as an analytical category*; Reference works*; Other works*; Individual monographs and multiauthor volumes***;
    • Gender and religion – Gender and African religious traditions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions**; Mythic contexts in constructing gender**; Symbolic constructions of gender studies in African religious traditions**; Rigidity and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere**; Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions**; Bibliography**;
    • Gender and religion – Gender and African American religions – 2005 – Historical gender studies in African religious traditions**; Mythic contexts in constructing gender**; Symbolic construction of gender studies in African religious traditions**; Ritual and flexibility in gender construction: the ritual sphere**; Contemporary feminist scholarship and African religious traditions**; Bibliography**;
  • Gesar – 2005 – The Epic: historical background and links with Buddhism*; The Episodes*; Bards*; Appropriation of the epic*; Bibliography**;
  • Geser – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • God – African supreme beings – 2005***;
    • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views**; Supreme beings in local geographical contexts**; Worship*; Names of notable supreme beings in Africa**; Early studies and contemporary appropriation/adoption**; Bibliography**;
      • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Basic common views – Mythologies: creation and existence*; Names: ancient and descriptive*; Attributes: being and expression*; Relationship to spiritual and human beings and other cosmic entities**; Anthropomorphic descriptions*;
      • God – African supreme beings – 2005 – Supreme beings in local geographical contexts – Amma**; Nyame (Onyankopon, Onyame)*; Ngewo**; Olódùmarè and Olórun**; Osanobwa, or Osanobua*; Chukwu, or Chineke (Igbo of Eastern Nigeria)**; Mulungu (Bantu and Sudanese of East Africa)*; Nzambi*; Nhialic**; Kwoth**; Ndjambi*; Ngai**; UNkulunkulu*;
  • William Wade Harris – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Healing and medicine – An Overview***; Healing and medicine in Africa***; Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora***;
    • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Myths of the origins of disease**; Proximate causes of illness**; Diagnosis**; Myths of the origins of cure**; Healing techniques**; Healers**; The social body**; Bibliography**;
      • Healing and medicine – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography – Overviews*; Works on specific religious traditions**;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Religious background**; Health**; Healing**; Healing mind and body**; Bibliography*;
      • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing – Diviner-diagnosticians**; Herbalists**; Social context*; Childbirth*; Surgery**; Protection*;
      • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in Africa – 2005 – Healing mind and body – Witchcraft and sorcery*; Ethnopsychiatry*;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves*; Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities**; Heating things up: raising ashe*; Making wanga*; Poisons that heal*; Bibliography*;
    • Healing and medicine – Healing and medicine in the African Diaspora – 2005 – Healing with leaves*; Diagnosis and the theory of parallel causalities**; Heating things up: raising ashe*; Making wanga*; Poisons that heal*; Bibliography*;
  • Iconography – Traditional African iconography***;
    • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ancestors and kings: two case studies**; Form and meaning**; Ritual activity**; Bibliography*;
      • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Form and meaning – Presence of power**; Models of response**;
      • Iconography – Traditional African iconography – 1987/2005 – Ritual activity – Rites of passage**; World maintenance rituals**;
  • Igbo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Ancient views of Inner Asia*; Early medieval Judaic, Christian, and Islamic views (1987)*; The History of Inner Asia***; Bibliography**;
    • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Scythians**; Hsiung-nu or Xiong-nu**; Yüeh-chih or Yuezhi, Wu-sun or Wusun, and Kushans*; Huns**; Hsien-pei or Xianbei and Juanjuan or Ruanruan*; Türk**; Avars, Khazars, and Bulgars*; Uighurs**; Mongols**;
      • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – The History of Inner Asia – Mongols – Central Asia before the Mongol conquest*; The Rise of Inner Asian powers in Manchuria*; Chinggis Khan and the Mongol conquest*; The Mongols in Europe*; The Golden Horde and the Il-khanids*; The Mongols in China*;
    • Inner Asian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Interlacustrine Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – The Spirit powers**; Cults (1987)**; Social context**; Bibliography*;
  • Islam – An Overview***; Islam in North Africa***; Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa***; Islam in the Americas***;
    • Islam – An Overview – 1987***; 2005***;
      • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history***; The Systematic content of Islam***; Bibliography**;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Origin and history – Early development of the community**; Medieval and later developments**;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – The Qur'ān**; Sunnah**; Law**; Theology**; Sufism***; Sects***; Modernism**; Islam's attitude to other religions**;
          • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sufism – Sūfī doctrine**; Sūfī orders**;
          • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – The Systematic content of Islam – Sects – Shī'ī subsects**; Later sects*;
        • Islam – An Overview – 1987 – Bibliography – General works*; Topical studies**; New sources*;
      • Islam – An Overview – 2005 – Bibliography**;
    • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion**; The Arab period***; The Berber period***; The Islam of the Zawiyahs**; From brotherhood to principality**; The Islam of the Salafīyah**; Political Islam**; Bibliography*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Pre-Islamic religion – The prehistoric substrate*; The Phoenico-Punic influence*; Romanization and Christianization*; Berber religiosity**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Arab period – The conquest**; Arabization**; Islamization**; Literary works**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Berber period – The Almoravid movement**; The Almohads**; The post-Almohad period**; Official Islam**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Zawiyahs – The Ottoman Turks*; The Marabout movement**;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – From brotherhood to principality – The Zāwiyah and the naturalist substratum*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – The Islam of the Salafīyah – Pre-Salafīyah and Salafīyah**; The Critique of the zāwiyahs*; From Salafīyah to nationalism*;
      • Islam – Islam in North Africa – 1987/2005 – Political Islam – The New dichotomy*; Political temptation*;
    • Islam – Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Islam in the Sahara and the Sahel**; Mali: the West African pattern of Islamization**; Scholars and rulers: Tombouctou in Songhai**; Islam in the savanna**; The Early jihād movements**; Kanem-Bornu and Hausaland to 1800**; Revolution and reform in Hausaland**; The Sūfī orders and the nineteenth-century jihāds in Western Sudan*; The Progress of Islam in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa**; Islam in East Africa and the interlacustrine/central region**; Islam in South Africa*; Islamic art and architecture**; Cultural dynamics*; Islam during the colonial period*; Popular Islam in Africa**; Women and Islam**; Islamic law in Africa**; Islamization of African languages*; Future of Islam in Africa*; Bibliography**;
    • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 1987***; 2005***;
      • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 1987 – Slaves and plantation communities**; Ottoman immigrants**; Urban life**; Postwar demography and developments**; Bibliography*;
      • Islam – Islam in the Americas – 2005 – Slaves and plantation communities**; Islam in the Americas: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries*; Islam in the Caribbean and South America**; Islam in Canada**; Islam in the United States: Nineteenth and twentieth centuries***; Bibliography**;
  • Absalom Jones – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Jonestown and Peoples Temple – 2005 – Rise and demise**; Interprative contexts**; Bibliography**;
  • Kardecism – 1987/2005 – Kardec's life and work**; Kardecism in Brazil**; Bibliography**;
  • Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Khoi and San religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Simon Kimbangu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa***;
    • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
      • Kingship – Kingship in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kinjikitile – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Kongo religious history**; Kongo beliefs and practices today**; Bibliography*;
    • Kongo religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Kushite religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Kwoth – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Alice Lenshina – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • George Liele – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Luba concepts of body and soul*; Unity of spiritual and physical worlds*; Worlds of the living and the dead**; Creator god*; Medicine, witchcraft, sorcery*; Ritual life*; Bibliography**;
    • Luba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Lugbara religion – 1987/2005 – Myth*; Sacrifice to the dead and spirits**; Divination*; Evil*; Rainmakers and prophets*; Bibliography*;
  • Malcolm X – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mami Wata – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • John Maranke – 1987/2005 – The Apostolic movement on an international scale**; The Impact of the Apostolic Church in Central and Southern Africa**; Bibliography*;
  • Masks – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures***; 2005***;
    • Masks – Ritual masks in nonliterate cultures – 1987 – The Mask and its wearer**; The Mask and the dead**; Masks, women, and secret societies**; Bibliography**;
    • Masks – 2005 – Historical overview**; Problems of definition**; The Geography of ritual masks**; What does the ritual mask represent?**; The Mask and its wearer**; The Mask and the dead**; Masks, women, and secret societies**; Bibliography***;
  • Mawu-Lisa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Mbona – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Mongol religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Muhammad Ahmad – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Mulungu – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa***;
    • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Organization of sacred music**; Impact of religion on musical life**; Introduced religions**; Bibliography*;
      • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Introduced religions – Islam**; Christianity**;
      • Music – Music and religion in Sub-Saharan Africa – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Nation of Islam – 2005 – Master Fard and the beginning of a movement**; Elijah Muhammad's teachings**; The Nation of Islam transformed**; Bibliography**;
  • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Cults of affliction*; Life-crisis rituals**; Spirits (1987)*; God*; Bibliography*;
    • Ndembu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Ngai – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Nhialic – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Nuer and Dinka religion – 1987/2005 – Divinities and spirits**; Priests and sacrifice*; Prophets**; Bibliography*;
  • Nuwaubians – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Nyakyusa religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Nyame – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Olorun – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Ongon – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Political theology – Bibliography**;
    • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
      • Political theology – Bibliography – 1987 – European political theology*; Latin American liberation theology*; Feminist liberation theology*; Black political theology*; Miscellaneous works**;
  • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions***;
    • Politics and religion – Politics and African religious traditions – 2005 – Social dynamics**; Colonialization**; Modernization and Christianity**; Islam and the state**; Bibliography**;
  • Prophecy – African prophetism – 2005 – Mediums, diviners, and prophets*; East African traditions**; Xhosa tradition**; Diola tradition**; Bibliography*;
  • Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Aka pygmies**; Baka pygmies**; Mbuti pygmies**; Bibliography**;
    • Pygmy religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Rites of passage – African rites – 2005 – Ndebele birth ritual*; Agikuyu initiation rites*; Marriage in Tswana culture*; Sacred kingship among the Edo*; Limba funeral rituals*; Conclusion*; Bibliography*;
  • Sango – 1987 – Bibliography*;
  • Santería – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
  • William Seymour – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Isaiah Shembe – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion**; Christianity among the Shona**; Bibliography*;
    • Shona religion – 1987/2005 – Traditional religion – The ancestral cult*; Spirits of the land**; Regional cults*; Peripheral cults*;
  • Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Theoretical elaborations**; Varieties of the soul**; Origin of the soul**; Destiny of the soul**; Summary*; Bibliography*;
    • Soul – Concepts in indigenous religions – 1987/2005 – Varieties of the soul – Internal soul**; External soul**;
  • Southern African religions – An Overview***; Southern Bantu religions***;
    • Southern African religions – An Overview – 1987/2005 – Concepts of God**; Shades**; Ritual life**; Kinship rituals**; Cults of affliction, spirit possession, and divination**; Witchcraft**; Ritual, order, and the religious experience**; Bibliography**;
    • Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – A Thermodynamic conception of the individual and of the universe**; The Python cult**; Cosmology and sacred kingship**; The Ritual complex of circumcision***; Bibliography**;
      • Southern African religions – Southern Bantu religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – The Forest peoples**; Hunting, alliance, and the horizontal conception of the world***; Cattle breeding and the vertical conception of the world**; Bibliography**;
    • Southern Siberian religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa**; Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa**; Bibliography**;
    • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – The Emergence of religious studies in sub-Saharan Africa – Contributions**; Major challenges**;
    • Study of religion – The academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – 2005 – Institutionalization of the academic study of religion in sub-Saharan Africa – Scholarly organizations and publications**; Contextualization*;
  • Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Swazi religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Deities named Tengri*; The Sky god**; Bibliography*;
    • Tengri – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tiv religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tricksters – African tricksters – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tswana religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Tunguz religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – The Common heritage**; The Popular religion**; The Imperial religion**; Bibliography**;
    • Turkic religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Henry McNeal Turner – 2005 – Bibliography*;
  • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • Ülgen – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Umai – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
  • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • ‘Umar Tāl – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography*;
    • UNkulunkulu – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Vodou – 1987/2005 – African influence**; Roman Catholic influence**; Vodou spirits*; The Vodou view of person**; Vodou and the dead**; Vodou ceremonies**; Vodou and magic*; Vodou in the Haitian diaspora*; Bibliography**;
  • West African religions – 1987/2005 – The Creator and creation***; The Living and their ancestors**; Places of worship**; Initiation and spiritual life**; Bibliography**;
    • West African religions – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;
  • Witchcraft – African witchcraft***;
    • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics**; Distinctive features**; Debate over a basic distinction**; Theoretical approaches to African witchcraft**; Witchcraft under modern conditions**; Bibliography**;
      • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – General characteristics – Subjective aspects**; Overt consequences of belief**;
      • Witchcraft – African witchcraft – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Yakut religion – 1987/2005 – Cosmology**; The Pantheon**; The Shaman**; Bibliography*;
  • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography**;
    • Yoruba religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987**; 2005*;
  • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Zulu cosmology and the natural order**; Ancestors and social life**; Spirit possession*; Traditional belief and Zulu Christianity*; Bibliography**;
    • Zulu religion – 1987/2005 – Bibliography – 1987*; 2005*;

Encyclopedia of Sacred Places

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Encyclopedia of Sacred Places by Norbert C. Brockman, ABC-Clio, 1997, ISBN 0-87436-8308.

Major articles

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2 pages or more

Significant articles

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3 paragraphs or over 1 column to 2 pages

Minor articles

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1 or 2 paragraphs

  • Black Hills, South Dakota/Wyoming – Bear Butte, South Dakota;
  • Catacombs, Rome – Santa Domitilla; San Callisto; St. Sebastian; St. Laurence; St. Pancras; Catacomb of Priscilla; Chaco, New Mexico – Fajada Butte, New Mexico; Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico; Casa Riconada, New Mexico; Coptic Cairo, Egypt – Sitt Mariam; Convent of St. George; Abu Serga; Sitt Barbara;
  • Gargano Massif, Italy – San Giovanni Rotunda;
  • Hajj, Saudi Arabia - ’Umrah; Hearth of Buddhism, India/Nepal – Kushinagar, India; Hebron, Palestinian Authority – Ibrahim Mosque; Cave of the Patriarchs; Holocaust sites – Bergen-Belsen, Germany; Chelmno, Poland; Jasenovac, Croatia; Kraków, Poland; Majdenek, Poland; Mauthausen, Austria; Paneriai, Lithuania; Ravensbrück, Germany; Sachsenhausen, Germany; Sobibór, Poland; Theresienstadt, Czech Republic; Treblinka, Poland; Warsaw, Poland; Yad Vashem, Poland;
  • Istanbul Mosques – Blue Mosque; Fatih Mosque; Süleymaniye; Yeni Mosque;
  • Jerusalem, Christian sites – Church of the Holy Sepulchre; Mount of Olives; Dominus Flevit; Mount Zion; Via Dolorosa; Pool of Bethesda; Jerusalem, Islamic sites – Mount Zion; Dome of the Rock; Dome of the Chain; al-Aqsa mosque; Jerusalem, Jewish sites – Mount Moriah; Mount of Olives; Common Grave; Jewish Graveyard; Tombs of the Prophets; Yad Vashem; Avenue of the Righteous; Garden of the Children of the Holocaust; Memorial to the Destroyed Communities;
  • Kumbh Mela sites, India – Allahbad]; Nasik; Ujjain; Hardwar; Kyoto, Japan – Enryakuji Monastery; Ryoanji Temple; Ginkakuji Temple; Path of Philosophy; Kinkakuji Temple;
  • Luther circle, Germany – Eisleben; Mansfield; Erfurt;
  • Marian Apparitions – Akita, Japan; Banneux, Belgium; Knock, Ireland; La Sallette, France; Miraculous Medal Shrine, Paris; Pontmain, France; Zeitoun, Egypt; Lourdes, France; Medicine wheelsMajorville Cairn and Medicine Wheel site, Alberta; Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming; Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel, Saskatchewan; Wanuskewin, Saskatchewan; Sedona, Arizona; Meteora Monasteries, Greece – Great Meteoron; Agia Trias; Varlaam; Agios Nikolaos; Agios Stefanos; Agia Barbara; Mound-builders, United States – Effigy Mounds, Iowa; Lizard Mound, Wisconsin; Mound City, Ohio; Newark Earthworks, Ohio; Serpent Mound, Ohio; Mountains, Sacred or Sacred Mountains – Mount Olympus, Greece; Mount Kilimanjaro, Kenya; Mount Zion, Israel; Mount Carmel, Israel; St. Catherines, Greece;
  • Nara, Japan – Horyu-ji Temple; Kasuga Taisha Shrine; Todai-ji Shrine; Native American Sacred Places – Onagazi; Devil's Tower, Wyoming; Canyon de Chelly, Arizona; Mesa Verde, Colorado; Nikko, Japan – Shinkyo; Rinno-ji Temple; Futara-san Shrine;
  • Orissa Triangle, India – Bhubaneswar; Lingaraj Temple; Bindu Sarovar; Konarak; Sun Temple; Puri; Jagganath Temple;
  • Rome, Italy – Coliseum; St. John Lateran; St. Peter's; St. Mary Major; St. Paul's-Outside-the-Walls; Scala Santa; Salus Populi Romani; Santa Costanza; San Clemente; Santa Maria della Vittoria; St. Theresa in Ecstasy; Church of the Gesù; St. Lawrence; Holy Cross in Jerusalem; St. Sebastian; Santa Sabina;
  • Sabbathday Lake, Maine; Sainte-Anne de Beaupre, Canada; Saint Anthony of Padua, Italy; Saint Januarius, Italy; Saint Joseph's Oratory, Canada; Slave depots – Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Bunce Island, Sierra Leone; Cape Coast Castle, Ghana; Christianborg, Accra, Ghana; St. George's Castle, Elmina, Ghana; Zanzibar Island, Tanzania;
  • Tokyo, Japan – Hie Jinja Shrine; Kanda Myojin Shrine; Meiji Jingu Shrine; Senkgakuji Temple; Senso-ji Temple; Yasukuni Shrine;

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Subentries

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names entered in italics in main entries

  • Black Hills, South Dakota/Wyoming – Bear Butte, South Dakota*;
  • Catacombs, Rome – Santa Domitilla*; San Callisto*; St. Sebastian*; St. Laurence*; St. Pancras*; Catacomb of Priscilla*;
  • Chaco, New Mexico – Fajada Butte, New Mexico*; Pueblo Bonito, New Mexico*; Casa Riconada, New Mexico*;
  • Coptic Cairo, Egypt – Sitt Mariam*; Convent of St. George*; Abu Serga*; Sitt Barbara*;
  • Gargano Massif, Italy – San Giovanni Rotunda*;
  • Hajj, Saudi Arabia - ’Umrah*;
  • Hearth of Buddhism, India/Nepal – Lumbini, Nepal**; Bodh Gaya, India**; Sarnath, India**; Kushinagar, India*;
  • Hebron, Palestinian Authority – Ibrahim Mosque*; Cave of the Patriarchs*;
  • Holocaust sites – Bergen-Belsen, Germany*; Chelmno, Poland*; Jasenovac, Croatia*; Kraków, Poland*; Majdenek, Poland*; Mauthausen, Austria*; Paneriai, Lithuania*; Ravensbrück, Germany*; Sachsenhausen, Germany*; Sobibór, Poland*; Theresienstadt, Czech Republic*; Treblinka, Poland*; Warsaw, Poland*; Yad Vashem, Poland*;
  • Istanbul Mosques – Blue Mosque*; Fatih Mosque*; Süleymaniye*; Yeni Mosque*;
  • Jerusalem, Christian sites – Church of the Holy Sepulchre*; Mount of Olives*; Dominus Flevit*; Mount Zion*; Via Dolorosa*; Pool of Bethesda*;
  • Jerusalem, Islamic sites – Mount Zion*; Dome of the Rock*; Dome of the Chain*; al-Aqsa mosque*;
  • Jerusalem, Jewish sites – Mount Moriah*; Western Wall**; Mount of Olives*; Common Grave*; Jewish Graveyard*; Tombs of the Prophets*; Yad Vashem*; Avenue of the Righteous*; Garden of the Children of the Holocaust*; Memorial to the Destroyed Communities*;
  • Kumbh Mela sites, India – Allahbad*; Nasik*; Ujjain*; Hardwar*;
  • Kyoto, Japan – Enryakuji Monastery*; Ryoanji Temple*; Ginkakuji Temple*; Path of Philosophy*; Kinkakuji Temple*;
  • Luther circle, Germany – Eisleben*; Mansfield*; Erfurt*; Wittenberg**;
  • Marian Apparitions – Akita, Japan*; Banneux, Belgium*; Garabandal, Spain**; Knock, Ireland*; La Sallette, France*; Miraculous Medal Shrine, Paris*; Pontmain, France*; Zeitoun, Egypt*; Lourdes, France*;
  • Medicine wheels – Majorville Wheel, Alberta*; Bighorn Medicine Wheel, Wyoming*; Moose Mountain Medicine Wheel, Saskatchewan*; Wanuskewin, Saskatchewan*; Sedona, Arizona*;
  • Meteora Monasteries, Greece – Great Meteoron*; Agia Trias*; Varlaam*; Agios Nikolaos*; Agios Stefanos*; Agia Barbara*;
  • Mound-builders, United States – Effigy Mounds, Iowa*; Lizard Mound, Wisconsin*; Mound City, Ohio*; Newark Earthworks, Ohio*; Serpent Mound, Ohio*;
  • Mountains, Sacred or Sacred Mountains – Mount Olympus, Greece*; Mount Kilimanjaro, Kenya*; Mount Zion, Israel*; Mount Carmel, Israel*; St. Catherines, Greece*;
  • Nara, Japan – Horyu-ji Temple*; Kasuga Taisha Shrine*; Todai-ji Shrine*;
  • Native American Sacred Places – Onagazi*; Devil's Tower, Wyoming*; Canyon de Chelly, Arizona*; Mesa Verde, Colorado*;
  • Nikko, Japan – Shinkyo*; Rinno-ji Temple*; Toshu-gu Shrine**; Futara-san Shrine*;
  • Orissa Triangle, India – Bhubaneswar*; Lingaraj Temple*; Bindu Sarovar*; Konarak*; Sun Temple*; Puri*; Jagganath Temple*;
  • Rome, Italy – Coliseum*; St. John Lateran*; St. Peter's*; St. Mary Major*; St. Paul's-Outside-the-Walls*; Scala Santa*; Salus Populi Romani*; Santa Costanza*; San Clemente*; Santa Maria della Vittoria*; St. Theresa in Ecstasy*; Church of the Gesù*; St. Lawrence*; Holy Cross in Jerusalem*; St. Sebastian*; Santa Sabina*;
  • Slave depots – Bagamoyo, Tanzania*; Bunce Island, Sierra Leone*; Cape Coast Castle, Ghana*; Christianborg, Accra, Ghana*; St. George's Castle, Elmina, Ghana*; Zanzibar Island, Tanzania*;
  • Tokyo, Japan – Hie Jinja Shrine*; Kanda Myojin Shrine*; Meiji Jingu Shrine*; Senkgakuji Temple*; Senso-ji Temple*; Yasukuni Shrine*;

Religions of the World

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Religions of the World, ed. J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, 2nd ed., ABC-Clio, 2010, ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.

Major articles

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2 pages or more

Significant articles

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3 paragraphs to 2 pages

Minor articles

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1 or 2 paragraphs, less than 1 column

Redirects

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Subarticles

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  • Abraham or Abram – Abraham in the Book of Genesis**; Abraham in Islam**; Abraham in Christianity*;
  • African Initiated Churches or African Independent Churches – Types and Terms***;
    • African Initiated Churches or African Independent Churches – Types and Terms – African/Ethiopian Churches**; Spirit/Prophet-Healing Churches**; Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches**;
  • African Traditional Religions – Theism: God and Lesser Divinities***; Dynamism: Power and Power Specialists***; Spirituality: Ancestors and the Spirit World**;
  • Ancestors – Christian Responses to Ancestors**;
  • Athens – The Pagan Era**; The Christian Era**; The Muslim Era**; Independence**;
  • Baha’i Faith – Historical Background***; Beliefs and Practices***;
  • Bahamas – Overview of Religious Development***;
  • Barbados – Other Religions**;
  • Belize – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups*; Other Religious Groups**;
  • Birth – The Origins of the Child*; Pregnancy and Birth Rituals**; Purity and Pollution of the Mother**; Welcoming the Baby**;
  • Brazil, Japanese Religions in or Japanese Religions in Brazil – Prewar Diversity of Religious Practices**; The Situation after World War II**; Transnationalization of Japanese Religions in Latin America and Beyond**; The Dekasegi Phenomenon's Impact on the Religious Field*;
  • Buddhism – The Primary Buddhist Traditions**; Spread and Local Development***; Buddhism in the West***;
    • Buddhism – Spread and Local Development – Burma/Myanmar*; Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos**; China**; Republic of China (Taiwan)*; Vietnam**; Korea**; Japan**; Tibet**;
      • Buddhism – Spread and Local Development – Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos – Thailand*; Cambodia*; Laos*;
    • Buddhism – Buddhism in the West – Europe**; North America**; Australia**; South Africa**;
  • Calendars, Religious or Religious Calendars – Alternate Religious Calendars***;
    • Calendars, Religious or Religious Calendars – Alternate Religious Calendars – The Hebrew Calendar**; The Calendar of Islam**; Chinese Calendar**; Indian Calendars**; The Nanakshahi Calendar of the Sikhs**; Baha’i Calendar**; Zoroastrian Calendar*;
  • Chile – Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christians**; Additional Groups**;
  • China – Hong Kong***; Macao**; Taiwan***; Tibet***;
    • China – Tibet – Tibetan Buddhism: History and Practice**;
  • Chinese Religions – The Earliest Dynasties: Divination, Sacrifice, and Ancestor Worship**; The Early Confucian Tradition**; Chinese Cosmology – Yin and Yang and the Five Agents**; Buddhism in China**; Literati and Neo-Confucianism as Religion**; Popular Religion*; Religion and Rebellion (Sectarianism)**; Religion in the PRC Today**;
  • Christianity – Doctrinal Development**; The Church of the Middle Ages**; The Second Millenium of Christianity**; The Drive for Reform**; The Protestant Reformation**; The Age of Exploration**; Protestant Expansion**; The 20th Century**; The Future of Christianity**;.
  • Colombia – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christians**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Costa Rica – Protestantism***; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Creationism – The Development of Creationist Theology*; Old Earth and Gap Theories*; “New Earth” and Flood Theories**; Strategies and Court Cases**; Creationism in Other Religions*;
  • Cuba – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Daoism – History of Daoism***; Daoism Today**; Daoist Practices**;
  • Death – Communication with the Dead: Visions, Dreams, Mediumship, Necromancy, Incubation**; The Rise of Religious Beliefs That Mitigate the Destructive Power of Death**; Death and the Divine Promise of Bodily Resurrection in Islam and Christianity***; Reflection on the Ars Moriendi in Modernity**;
  • Ecuador – Current Religious Situation**; Historical Overview of Social, Political and Religious Development***; The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • El Salvador – History of El Salvador**; The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups*; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Energy – Indian Concepts of Energy*; Energy in China*; Energy in Japan*; Energy in African Traditions*; Energy in Western Culture**; Some Contemporary Religious Views of Energy**;
  • Enlightenment – Buddhism**; Hinduism**; Tantra**;
  • Evangelicalism – The 18th Century*; The 19th Century**; The Early 20th Century**; The Emergence of Neo-Evangelicalism**; Current Situation**;
  • Flagellation – Flagellation in Antiquity**; Flagellation and Self-Flagellation in Roman Catholic Christianity**; Self-Flagellation in Shia Islam**;
  • Fundamentalism – The Fundamentals**; Developments after the Great War**; Trends since 1970*;
  • Guatemala – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions**;
  • Gurdjieff Foundations – Small Group Meetings**; Movements and Dances**; Music*; Study of Ideas*; Practical Work*; Activities with Children and Young People**;
  • Hinduism - “Hinduism,” A Problematic Term**; Main Historical Epochs***;
    • Hinduism – Main Historical Epochs – The Harappa Culture*; Epoch of the Veda or Brahmanism**; Epoch of the Epics or Classical Hinduism***; Epoch of Postclassical Hinduism and Islamic Rule*; Epoch of Neo-Hinduism, British Rule, and Independence**; Principal Concepts and Practice***;
  • Holy Week – Palm Sunday*; Holy Thursday or Maundy Thursday*; Good Friday**;
  • Honduras – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions**;
  • India, Contemporary Religion in; Asian Religions or Asian Religions in Contemporary India or Contemporary Asian Religion in India – Buddhism***; Jainism**; Sikhism***;
  • India, Contemporary Religion in: Middle Eastern Religions or Middle Eastern Religions in Contemporary India or Contemporary Middle Eastern Religion in India – Christianity**; Islam***; Judaism**; Other Religious Communities**;
  • India, Hinduism in: Ancient Vedic Expression or Hinduism in India: Ancient Vedic Expressions or Ancient Vedic Hinduism in India – Prehistoric Period**; Vedic Period***;
  • India, Hinduism in: Modern Period or Hinduism in India: Modern Period or Modern Period Hinduism in India – Living Hinduism in Practice***;
  • Indonesia – The Coming of Islam**; The Dutch Era**; Modern Indonesia**;
  • Iran – Zoroastrianism**; Islam**; Judaism**; Christianity**;
  • Islam – Muhammad the Prophet***; The Origin of the Koran**; Major Themes of the Koran**; The Five Pillars of Islam**; Jihad, Islam, and Terrorism**; The Branches of Islam**; The Progress of the Faith***;
    • Islam – Muhammad the Prophet – Historical Accuracy and Muhammad***;
    • Islam – Major Themes of the Koran – Allah**; Muhammad**; Biblical Material*; Jesus*; True Believers**; Heaven, Hell, and Judgment Day**;
  • Jainism – Jain Beliefs**; Divisions within the Jain Community***; Contemporary Jain Communities**;
  • Judaism – Ancient Origins***; The Greek and Roman Eras**; Judaism in the Diaspora**; Development of the Modern Jewish Community**; Zion, Holocaust, Israel**;
  • Korean Buddhism – Three Kingdoms Buddhism (ca. late fourth century-668 CE)**; Unified Silla Buddhism (668-935)**; Koryo Buddhism (918-1392)**; Buddhism under the Choson (1392-1910) and the Modern Era**;
  • Liturgical Year – Advent: First Sunday of Advent through December 24*; Christmas: December 25 through to Epiphany*; Epiphany**; Ordinary Time after the Baptism: Monday after the Epiphany through Lent*; Lent: Ash Wednesday through Holy Saturday*; Easter: Easter Vigil through Pentecost**; Ordinary Time after Pentecost: The Day after Pentecost through the Final Day before Advent*;
  • Martyrdom – Judaism**; Christianity**; Islam**;
  • Mary, Blessed Virgin or Blessed Virgin Mary – Doctrinal Development**; Mary in Islam*;
  • Meditation – Meditation in the Major Religious Traditions and in Contemporary Life**; Types of Meditation Practice**; Meditation in Contemporary Life*;
  • Mexico – The Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement**; The Current Situation***; Eastern Orthodox and Independent Catholic Jurisdictions**; Other Christian Churches**; Other Religions**;
  • Modernity – Modern Religious Trends**;
  • Monasticism – Buddhist Monasticism**; Jaina Monasticism**; Christian Monasticism***;
  • Nara, Six Buddhist Schools of or Six Buddhist Schools of Nara – The Kusha School**; The Jujitsu School**; The Sanron School**; The Hosso School**; The Kegon School**; Ritsu School**;
  • Native American Religion: Roman Catholicism – Enculturation**; Theology and Ritual**; Kateri Tekakwitha**;
  • New Years' Day – Chinese New Year's Day**; Islamic New Year's Day**; Baha'i New Year's Day*; Indian New Year's Day*; Sikh New Year's Day*; Other Religions*;
  • Nicaragua – Spanish Colonial Period and Development of the Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Groups*; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Occupied Territories – Muslims**; Jews**; Christians*; Religious Freedom*;
  • Paraguay – Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Additional Groups*; Non-Christian Religions**;
  • Passover – Toward a Christian Passover**; Jewish Christians*;
  • Peru – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Addiotional Religious Groups**;
  • Pesach – Passover and Christianity*;
  • Pilgrimage – Ubiquity and the Secular*; Symbolism and Sacred Traces**; Buildings and Landscape*; Replication and Localization*; Tourism, Travel, and Modernity**;
  • Puerto Rico – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement***; Other Religions***;
  • Relics – Buddhist Relics***; Christian Relics***; Relics in Islam**; Relics and Unbelief*;
  • Roman Catholic Church – Theological Emphases**; The Church, Ministry, and Magisterium***; Theological Anthropology, Nature, and Grace**; Saints and Mary**; Sacraments**; The Kingdom of God and Eschatology**;
  • Russia – Religion in Pre-Soviet Russia (before 1917)***; Religion in the Soviet Union (1917-1991)**; Religion in Post-Soviet Russia***;
  • Russia, Protestantism in or Protestantism in Russia – Russian Sectarianism**; Western Protestantism in Russia**; Protestant Missionaries and New Russian Protestant Groups before 1917**; Protestantism under the Soviet Regime (1917-1991)**; Protestantism in Post-Soviet Russia**;
  • Saints – History*; Canonization in the Roman Catholic Tradition**; Miracles**;
  • Secularization – Theories and Responses to Secularization**;
  • Soka Gakkai International – Belief and Practice**; The Schism of 1991**;
  • Spain – Religion in the History of Spain: 1st-15th centuries**; Religion in the History of Spain: 15th-20th Centuries***; From the Second Repuglic to General Franco's Regime**; Present-day Situation: Religion in Spanish Society**; The Legal Framework of Religion in Spain**;
  • Spirit Possession – Prophetic Possession**; Healing Practices Connected with Spirit Possession*; Channeling and Mediumship*; Demonic Possession**; Anyakayapravesha*;
  • Statues: Buddhist – Buddhist Mega Statuary*; Standing Buddhas**; Seated Buddhas**; Reclining Buddhas**; Other Mega Statues*; The Maitreya Project**;
  • Statues: Christian – Christian Mega Statues**;
  • Sukkot – Christian Appropriation**;
  • Suriname – Christianity**; Islam**; Hinduism**; Judaism*; Buddhism*; Other Religious Groups**;
  • Temples: Buddhist – Early Places of Worship**; Temple Development in East Asia**; Theravada Temples*; Mahayana Temples**; Vajrayana Temples**; Temples Today**;
  • Thomas Aquinas – Thomas's Thought**; Thomas in Context**; Thomas Aquinas Today**;
  • Unbelief – Atheism***; The Issue of Marxism**; Modern Western Unbelief**; Pseudoscience**; Agnosticism**;
  • Uruguay – Roman Catholic Church**; The Protestant Movement***; Other Christian Groups**; Additional Religious Groups**;
  • Venezuela – The Roman Catholic Church***; The Protestant Movement**; Other Christian Traditions**; Additional Religious Traditions**;
    • Venezuela – Other Christian Traditions – Eastern Orthodox and Indigenous Western Catholic*; Additional Christian Groups**;
    • Venezuela – Additional Religious Traditions – Buddhism*; Hinduism*; Sant Mat*; Islam*; Baha'i Faith*; Judaism*; Animists – Native Americans or Amerindians*; Animists – Latin American Popular Religiosity (influenced by Roman Catholicism)*; Western Esoteric-Occult Orders**; Psychic-Spiritualist-New Age Traditions*;
  • Violence, Religious or Religious Violence – Recent Explanations of Religious Violence**; The Causes of Religious Violence**;
  • Women, Status and Role of or Status and Role of Women – Hinduism**; Buddhism**; Judaism*; Christianity**; Islam**; Western Esotericism*; Women's Spirituality*;
  • Yoga – History of Yoga***; The Yogi Tradition**;

Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices

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Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices, ed. Timothy Riggs, Thomson-Gale, 2006, ISBN 0-7876-9390-1.

Major articles

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Significant articles

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  • Afghanistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; African traditional religions – Gye Nyame; Glossary – Abaluhya; Glossary – Babalawo; Glossary – Baganda; Glossary – Bambara; Glossary – Bantu; Glossary – Ba Kongo; Glossary – Ba Thonga; Glossary – Cosmogony; Glossary – Cosmology; Glossary – Dagara; Glossary – Divination; Glossary – Edo; Glossary – Fang; Glossary – Fon; Glossary – Ifa; Glossary – Igbo; Glossary – Kaguru; Glossary – Lupupa; Glossary – Manyika; Glossary – Masai; Glossary – Mwari; Glossary – Odu; Glossary – Olódùmarè; Glossary – Opele; Glossary – Orisa; Glossary – Yoruba; Glossary – Zulu; Sacred kingship; Organizational structure; Racism in the early study of African religions; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Albania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Algeria – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Andorra – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Angola – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Argentina – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Armenia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Armenian Apostolic Church – Date of origin; Armenian Apostolic Church – Number of followers; Armenian Apostolic Church – Early and modern leaders; Armenian Apostolic Church – Major theologians and authors; Armenian Apostolic Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Armenian Apostolic Church – What is sacred?; Armenian Apostolic Church – Holidays and festivals; Armenian Apostolic Church – Mode of dress; Armenian Apostolic Church – Dietary practices; Armenian Apostolic Church – Rites of passage; Armenian Apostolic Church – Membership; Armenian Apostolic Church – Social justice; Armenian Apostolic Church – Social aspects; Armenian Apostolic Church – Political impact; Armenian Apostolic Church – Controversial issues; Armenian Apostolic Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Australia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Bibliography; Austria – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Azerbaijan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Baháʼí Faith – Nine-pointed star; Glossary – Babi; Glossary – Baha; Glossary – Hand of the Cause of God; Glossary – Huququllah; Glossary – Manifestation of God; Glossary – Nineteen Day Feast; Glossary – Qiblih; Glossary – Universal House of Justice; Glossary – Ya Baha ul-abha; Racism and Racial Prejudice: A Passage from the Administrative Texts; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí faith, on How to Live One's Life; What Is Sacred; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Bibliography; The Bahamas – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Baptist churches – Date of origin; Baptist churches – Number of followers; Baptist churches – Early and modern leaders; Baptist churches – Major theologians and authors; Baptist churches – Houses of worship and holy places; Baptist churches – What is sacred?; Baptist churches – Holidays and festivals; Baptist churches – Mode of dress; Baptist churches – Dietary practices; Baptist churches – Rituals; Baptist churches – Rites of passage; Baptist churches – Membership; Baptist churches – Social justice; Baptist churches – Social aspects; Baptist churches – Political impact; Baptist churches – Controversial issues; Baptist churches – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bahrain – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Bangladesh – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Barbados – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglican church – Date of origin; Anglican church – Number of followers; Anglican church – Early and modern leaders; Anglican church – Major theologians and authors; Anglican church – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglican church – What is sacred?; Anglican church – Holidays and festivals; Anglican church – Mode of dress; Anglican church – Dietary practices; Anglican church – Rituals; Anglican church – Rites of passage; Anglican church – Membership; Anglican church – Social justice; Anglican church – Social aspects; Anglican church – Political impact; Anglican church – Controversial issues; Anglican church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Belarus – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Belarusan Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Rituals; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Membership; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Social justice; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Political impact; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Belarusan Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Belgium – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Belize – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Benin – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Vodun – Date of origin; Vodun – Number of followers; Vodun – Major theologians and authors; Vodun – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodun – What is sacred?; Vodun – Holidays and festivals; Vodun – Mode of dress; Vodun – Dietary practices; Vodun – Rites of passage; Vodun – Membership; Vodun – Social justice; Vodun – Social aspects; Vodun – Political impact; Vodun – Controversial issues; Vodun – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bhutan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin; Tibetan Buddhism – Number of followers; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bolivia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Serbian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Serbian Orthodox Church – History; Serbian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Serbian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Serbian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Serbian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Serbian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Serbian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Serbian Orthodox Church – Membership; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Serbian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Serbian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Botswana – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous religions – Date of origin; African indigenous religions – Number of followers; African indigenous religions – History; African indigenous religions – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous religions – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous religions – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous religions – What is sacred?; African indigenous religions – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous religions – Mode of dress; African indigenous religions – Dietary practices; African indigenous religions – Rites of passage; African indigenous religions – Membership; African indigenous religions – Social justice; African indigenous religions – Social aspects; African indigenous religions – Political impact; African indigenous religions – Controversial issues; African indigenous religions – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Brazil – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Brunei – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Buddhism – Wheel of the Dharma; Glossary – Anagarika; Glossary – Arhat; Glossary – Bhikkhu; Glossary – Bhikkhuni; Glossary – Bodhi; Glossary – Bodhisattva; Glossary – Ch'an (Zen); Glossary – Dana; Glossary – Deva; Glossary – Dharma (Dhamma); Glossary – Duhkha (Dukkha); Glossary – Eightfold Path (Magga; Marga); Glossary – Four Noble Truths; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Mahayana Buddhism (Northern Buddhism); Glossary – Nirvana; Glossary – Pancha sila; Glossary – Prajna; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Samudaya; Glossary – Sangha; Glossary – Shramana; Glossary – Sila; Glossary – 10 Paramitas; Glossary – Theravada Buddhism (Southern Buddhism); Glossary – Three Refuges (Triple Gem); Glossary – Tripitaka (Tipitaka); Glossary – Upaya; Glossary – Vajrayana (Tantra); Glossary – Wheel of the Dharma; The Practice of Deity Yoga; Sacred symbols; Major theologians and authors; Organizational structure; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Temporary Ordination; Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Moral code of conduct; Mahayana Buddhism – Sacred books; Mahayana Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Mahayana Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Mahayana Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Mahayana Buddhism – Organizational structure; Mahayana Buddhism – The Bodhisattva; Mahayana Buddhism – What is sacred?; Mahayana Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Mahayana Buddhism – Mode of dress; Mahayana Buddhism – Dietary practices; Mahayana Buddhism – Rites of passage; Mahayana Buddhism – Membership; Mahayana Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Social justice; Mahayana Buddhism – Social aspects; Mahayana Buddhism – Controversial issues; Mahayana Buddhism – Cultural impact; Mahayana Buddhism – Bibliography; Theravada Buddhism – Overview; Theravada Buddhism – Sacred books; Theravada Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Organizational structure; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Overview; Tibetan Buddhism – Central doctrines; Tibetan Buddhism – Moral code of conduct; Tibetan Buddhism – Sacred books; Tibetan Buddhism – Sacred symbols; Tibetan Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Tibetan Buddhism – Exorcisms; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – Organizational structure; Tibetan Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Dietary practices; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Social justice; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Controversial issues; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Bibliography; Bulgaria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin; Orthodox Christianity – Number of followers; Orthodox Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Orthodox Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Christianity – What is sacred?; Orthodox Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Christianity – Mode of dress; Orthodox Christianity – Dietary practices; Orthodox Christianity – Rituals; Orthodox Christianity – Rites of passage; Orthodox Christianity – Membership; Orthodox Christianity – Social justice; Orthodox Christianity – Social aspects; Orthodox Christianity – Political impact; Orthodox Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Burkina Faso – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Traditional beliefs – Date of origin; Traditional beliefs – Number of followers; Traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; Traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; Traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; Traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; Traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; Traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; Traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; Traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; Traditional beliefs – Membership; Traditional beliefs – Social justice; Traditional beliefs – Social aspects; Traditional beliefs – Political impact; Traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; Traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Burundi – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Cambodia – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cameroon – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Canada – Country overview – Introduction; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other Christian denominations – Date of origin; Other Christian denominations – Number of followers; Other Christian denominations – Major theologians and authors; Other Christian denominations – Houses of worship and holy places; Other Christian denominations – What is sacred?; Other Christian denominations – Holidays and festivals; Other Christian denominations – Mode of dress; Other Christian denominations – Dietary practices; Other Christian denominations – Rituals; Other Christian denominations – Social justice; Other Christian denominations – Social aspects; Other Christian denominations – Political impact; Other Christian denominations – Controversial issues; Other Christian denominations – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cape Verde – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Central African Republic – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Chad – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Chile – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; China – Chinese popular religions – Date of origin; Chinese popular religions – Number of followers; Chinese popular religions – Early and modern leaders; Chinese popular religions – Major theologians and authors; Chinese popular religions – Houses of worship and holy places; Chinese popular religions – What is sacred?; Chinese popular religions – Mode of dress; Chinese popular religions – Dietary practices; Chinese popular religions – Rituals; Chinese popular religions – Rites of passage; Chinese popular religions – Membership; Chinese popular religions – Social justice; Chinese popular religions – Social aspects; Chinese popular religions – Political impact; Chinese popular religions – Controversial issues; Chinese popular religions – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Christianity – Cross; Glossary – Advent; Glossary – Anglicanism; Glossary – Apocrypha; Glossary – Atonement; Glossary – Baptism; Glossary – Casuistry; Glossary – Catechesis; Glossary – Charismatics; Glossary – Chrismation; Glossary – Conciliar; Glossary – Confirmation; Glossary – Congregationalism; Glossary – Epiphany; Glossary – Eschatology; Glossary – Eucharist (Communion; Lord's Supper); Glossary – Evangelicalism; Glossary – Extreme unction; Glossary – Grace; Glossary – Lent; Glossary – Matrimony; Glossary – Messiah; Glossary – Ordination; Glossary – Orthodoxy; Glossary – Pentecost; Glossary – Pentecostalism; Glossary – Petrine primacy; Glossary – Presbyterianism; Glossary – Protestantism; Glossary – Reconciliation; Glossary – Roman Catholicism; Glossary – Sacrament; Glossary – Sacramental; Glossary – Salvation; Glossary – Trinity; Glossary – Uniate; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Overview; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Moral code of conduct; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Sacred books; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Sacred symbols; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Organizational structure; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – What is sacred?; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Mode of dress; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Dietary practices; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Rituals; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Rites of passage; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Membership; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Social justice; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Social aspects; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Controversial issues; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Cultural impact; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – The Controversy over a Gay Bishop; Baptist tradition – Moral code of conduct; Baptist tradition – Sacred books; Baptist tradition – Sacred symbols; Baptist tradition – Diversity among Baptists; Baptist tradition – Early and modern leaders; Baptist tradition – Major theologians and authors; Baptist tradition – Organizational structure; Baptist tradition – Houses of worship and holy places; Baptist tradition – What is sacred?; Baptist tradition – Holidays and festivals; Baptist tradition – Mode of dress; Baptist tradition – Dietary practices; Baptist tradition – Rituals; Baptist tradition – Rites of passage; Baptist tradition – Membership; Baptist tradition – Religious tolerance; Baptist tradition – Social justice; Baptist tradition – Social aspects; Baptist tradition – Controversial issues; Baptist tradition – Cultural impact; Baptist tradition – Bibliography; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Overview; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Central doctrines; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Moral code of conduct; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Sacred books; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Sacred symbols; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Early and modern leaders; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Major theologians and authors; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Organizational structure; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Houses of worship and holy places; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – What is sacred?; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Holidays and festivals; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Mode of dress; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Dietary practices; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Rituals; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Rites of passage; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Membership; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Religious tolerance; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Social justice; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – The Latter-day Saint movement; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Social aspects; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Controversial issues; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Cultural impact; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Bibliography; Coptic Christianity – Central doctrines; Coptic Christianity – Moral code of conduct; Coptic Christianity – Sacred symbols; Coptic Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Coptic Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Coptic Christianity – Organizational structure; Coptic Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Coptic Christianity – Coptic Monastic Life and Church Renewal; Coptic Christianity – What is sacred?; Coptic Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Coptic Christianity – Mode of dress; Coptic Christianity – Dietary practices; Coptic Christianity – Rites of passage; Coptic Christianity – Membership; Coptic Christianity – Religious tolerance; Coptic Christianity – Social justice; Coptic Christianity – Social aspects; Coptic Christianity – Controversial issues; Coptic Christianity – Cultural impact; Coptic Christianity – Bibliography; Eastern Christianity – Overview; Eastern Christianity – Central doctrines; Eastern Christianity – Moral code of conduct; Eastern Christianity – Sacred books; Eastern Christianity – Sacred symbols; Eastern Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Christianity – Organizational structure; Eastern Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Christianity – What is sacred?; Eastern Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Christianity – Mode of dress; Eastern Christianity – Dietary practices; Eastern Christianity – Rituals; Eastern Christianity – Rites of passage; Eastern Christianity – Membership; Eastern Christianity – Religious tolerance; Eastern Christianity – Social justice; Eastern Christianity – Social aspects; Eastern Christianity – Controversial issues; Eastern Christianity – Cultural impact; Eastern Christianity – Bibliography; Eastern Orthodoxy – Moral code of conduct; Eastern Orthodoxy – Sacred books; Eastern Orthodoxy – Sacred symbols; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Organizational structure; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Icons; Eastern Orthodoxy – Bibliography; Evangelicalism – Overview; Evangelicalism – History; Evangelicalism – Central doctrines; Evangelicalism – Moral code of conduct; Evangelicalism – Sacred books; Evangelicalism – Sacred symbols; Evangelicalism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelicalism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelicalism – Organizational structure; Evangelicalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelicalism – What is sacred?; Evangelicalism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelicalism – Mode of dress; Evangelicalism – Dietary practices; Evangelicalism – Rituals; Evangelicalism – Rites of passage; Evangelicalism – Membership; Evangelicalism – Religious tolerance; Evangelicalism – Social justice; Evangelicalism – Social aspects; Evangelicalism – Controversial issues; Evangelicalism – Cultural impact; Evangelicalism – Explosive Growth; Evangelicalism – Bibliography; Jehovah's Witnesses – Overview; Jehovah's Witnesses – Sacred books; Jehovah's Witnesses – Sacred symbols; Jehovah's Witnesses – Early and modern leaders; Jehovah's Witnesses – Major theologians and authors; Jehovah's Witnesses – Organizational structure; Jehovah's Witnesses – Houses of worship and holy places; Jehovah's Witnesses – What is sacred?; Jehovah's Witnesses – The Slave Class; Jehovah's Witnesses – Holidays and festivals; Jehovah's Witnesses – Mode of dress; Jehovah's Witnesses – Dietary practices; Jehovah's Witnesses – Rituals; Jehovah's Witnesses – Rites of passage; Jehovah's Witnesses – Membership; Jehovah's Witnesses – Religious tolerance; Jehovah's Witnesses – Social justice; Jehovah's Witnesses – Social aspects; Jehovah's Witnesses – Controversial issues; Jehovah's Witnesses – Cultural impact; Jehovah's Witnesses – Bibliography; Lutheranism – Moral code of conduct; Lutheranism – Sacred books; Lutheranism – Sacred symbols; Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Lutheranism – Organizational structure; Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Lutheranism – Rituals; Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Lutheranism – Membership; Lutheranism – Religious tolerance; Lutheranism – Social justice; Lutheranism – Social aspects; Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Lutheranism – The Small Catechism; Lutheranism – Bibliography; Methodism – Overview; Methodism – Moral code of conduct; Methodism – Sacred books; Methodism – Sacred symbols; Methodism – Early and modern leaders; Methodism – Major theologians and authors; Methodism – Organizational structure; Methodism – Houses of worship and holy places; Methodism – What is sacred?; Methodism – Holidays and festivals; Methodism – Mode of dress; Methodism – Dietary practices; Methodism – Rituals; Methodism – Rites of passage; Methodism – Membership; Methodism – Religious tolerance; Methodism – Social justice; Methodism – Social aspects; Methodism – Controversial issues; Methodism – Cultural impact; Methodism – The Name "Methodist"; Methodism – Bibliography; Pentecostalism – Moral code of conduct; Pentecostalism – Sacred books; Pentecostalism – Sacred symbols; Pentecostalism – Early and modern leaders; Pentecostalism – Major theologians and authors; Pentecostalism – Organizational structure; Pentecostalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Pentecostalism – What is sacred?; Pentecostalism – Holidays and festivals; Pentecostalism – Mode of dress; Pentecostalism – Dietary practices; Pentecostalism – Rituals; Pentecostalism – Rites of passage; Pentecostalism – Membership; Pentecostalism – Religious tolerance; Pentecostalism – Numbers of Pentecostal Groups; Pentecostalism – Social justice; Pentecostalism – Social aspects; Pentecostalism – Controversial issues; Pentecostalism – Cultural impact; Pentecostalism – Bibliography; Protestantism – Overview; Protestantism – Sacred books; Protestantism – Sacred symbols; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Organizational structure; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Religious tolerance; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Priesthood of All Believers; Protestantism – Bibliography; Reformed Christianity – Overview; Reformed Christianity – Sacred books; Reformed Christianity – Sacred symbols; Reformed Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Reformed Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Reformed Christianity – Organizational structure; Reformed Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Reformed Christianity – What is sacred?; Reformed Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Reformed Christianity – Mode of dress; Reformed Christianity – Dietary practices; Reformed Christianity – The Word of God; Reformed Christianity – Rites of passage; Reformed Christianity – Membership; Reformed Christianity – Religious tolerance; Reformed Christianity – Social justice; Reformed Christianity – Social aspects; Reformed Christianity – Controversial issues; Reformed Christianity – Bibliography; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Moral code of conduct; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Sacred books; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Sacred symbols; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Early and modern leaders; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Major theologians and authors; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Organizational structure; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Houses of worship and holy places; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – What is sacred?; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Holidays and festivals; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Mode of dress; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Dietary practices; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Quotes from George Fox, Founder of the Quakers; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Rites of passage; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Membership; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Religious tolerance; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Social justice; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Social aspects; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Controversial issues; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Cultural impact; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Bibliography; Roman Catholicism – Central doctrines; Roman Catholicism – Sacred books; Roman Catholicism – Sacred symbols; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Organizational structure; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – The Second Vatican Council; Roman Catholicism – Bibliography; Seventh-day Adventists – Overview; Seventh-day Adventists – Moral code of conduct; Seventh-day Adventists – Sacred books; Seventh-day Adventists – Sacred symbols; Seventh-day Adventists – Early and modern leaders; Seventh-day Adventists – Major theologians and authors; Seventh-day Adventists – Organizational structure; Seventh-day Adventists – Houses of worship and holy places; Seventh-day Adventists – What is sacred?; Seventh-day Adventists – Seventh-day Adventist: What's in a Name?; Seventh-day Adventists – Holidays and festivals; Seventh-day Adventists – Mode of dress; Seventh-day Adventists – Dietary practices; Seventh-day Adventists – Rituals; Seventh-day Adventists – Rites of passage; Seventh-day Adventists – Membership; Seventh-day Adventists – Religious tolerance; Seventh-day Adventists – Social justice; Seventh-day Adventists – Social aspects; Seventh-day Adventists – Controversial issues; Seventh-day Adventists – Cultural impact; Seventh-day Adventists – Bibliography; Unitarianism and Universalism – Overview; Unitarianism and Universalism – Sacred books; Unitarianism and Universalism – Sacred symbols; Unitarianism and Universalism – Early and modern leaders; Unitarianism and Universalism – Major theologians and authors; Unitarianism and Universalism – Organizational structure; Unitarianism and Universalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Unitarianism and Universalism – What is sacred?; Unitarianism and Universalism – Holidays and festivals; Unitarianism and Universalism – Mode of dress; Unitarianism and Universalism – Dietary practices; Unitarianism and Universalism – Rites of passage; Unitarianism and Universalism – Membership; Unitarianism and Universalism – Evolution of a Unitarian Martyr; Unitarianism and Universalism – Religious tolerance; Unitarianism and Universalism – Social justice; Unitarianism and Universalism – Social aspects; Unitarianism and Universalism – Controversial issues; Unitarianism and Universalism – Cultural impact; Unitarianism and Universalism – Bibliography; United Church of Christ – Overview; United Church of Christ – Central doctrines; United Church of Christ – Moral code of conduct; United Church of Christ – Sacred books; United Church of Christ – Sacred symbols; United Church of Christ – Early and modern leaders; United Church of Christ – Major theologians and authors; United Church of Christ – Organizational structure; United Church of Christ – Houses of worship and holy places; United Church of Christ – What is sacred?; United Church of Christ – Holidays and festivals; United Church of Christ – Mode of dress; United Church of Christ – Dietary practices; United Church of Christ – Rituals; United Church of Christ – Rites of passage; United Church of Christ – Membership; United Church of Christ – Religious tolerance; United Church of Christ – From the Preamble, UCC Constitution; United Church of Christ – Social justice; United Church of Christ – Social aspects; United Church of Christ – Cultural impact; United Church of Christ – Bibliography; Colombia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Comoros – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Confucianism – Ru; Glossary – De; Glossary – Five Scriptures; Glossary – Four Books; Glossary – Haoxue; Glossary – Jingzuo; Glossary – Li (cosmic ordering principle); Glossary – Li (norms for human interactions); Glossary – Liangzhi; Glossary – Lixue; Glossary – Neisheng waiwang; Glossary – Qi; Glossary – Ren; Glossary – Renzheng; Glossary – Renyu; Glossary – Tao (Dao); Glossary – Three Bonds; Glossary – Tian; Glossary – Tianli; Glossary – Tianming; Glossary – Xin; Glossary – Xing; Glossary – Xinxue; Glossary – Yi; Sacred books; Is Confucianism a Religion?; Organizational structure; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Mode of dress; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social aspects; Costa Rica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Côte d'Ivoire – Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Croatia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cuba – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Cyprus – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Political impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Czech Republic – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Denmark – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – History; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Djibouti – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Dominica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Dominican Republic – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • East Timor – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Ecuador – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Egypt – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; El Salvador – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Equatorial Guinea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Eritrea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin; Orthodox Christianity – Number of followers; Orthodox Christianity – History; Orthodox Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Christianity – What is sacred?; Orthodox Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Christianity – Mode of dress; Orthodox Christianity – Dietary practices; Orthodox Christianity – Rituals; Orthodox Christianity – Membership; Orthodox Christianity – Social justice; Orthodox Christianity – Social aspects; Orthodox Christianity – Political impact; Orthodox Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Estonia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ethiopia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Membership; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Fiji – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Other religions; References; Finland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Lutheranism – Date of origin; Lutheranism – Number of followers; Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Lutheranism – Rituals; Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Lutheranism – Membership; Lutheranism – Social justice; Lutheranism – Social aspects; Lutheranism – Political impact; Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; France – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography;
  • Gabon – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Gambia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Georgia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Georgian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Georgian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Georgian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Georgian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Georgian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Georgian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Georgian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Georgian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Georgian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Georgian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Georgian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Georgian Orthodox Church – Membership; Georgian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Georgian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Georgian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Georgian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Georgian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Germany – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ghana – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Greece – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Greek Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Greek Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Greek Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Greek Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Greek Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Greek Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Greek Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Greek Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Greek Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Greek Orthodox Church – Rituals; Greek Orthodox Church – Membership; Greek Orthodox Church – Social justice; Greek Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Greek Orthodox Church – Political impact; Greek Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Greek Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Grenada – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Guatemala – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Maya spirituality – Date of origin; Maya spirituality – Number of followers; Maya spirituality – History; Maya spirituality – Early and modern leaders; Maya spirituality – Major theologians and authors; Maya spirituality – Houses of worship and holy places; Maya spirituality – What is sacred?; Maya spirituality – Holidays and festivals; Maya spirituality – Mode of dress; Maya spirituality – Dietary practices; Maya spirituality – Rituals; Maya spirituality – Rites of passage; Maya spirituality – Membership; Maya spirituality – Social justice; Maya spirituality – Social aspects; Maya spirituality – Political impact; Maya spirituality – Controversial issues; Maya spirituality – Cultural impact; Evangelicalism – Date of origin; Evangelicalism – Number of followers; Evangelicalism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelicalism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelicalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelicalism – What is sacred?; Evangelicalism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelicalism – Mode of dress; Evangelicalism – Dietary practices; Evangelicalism – Rituals; Evangelicalism – Rites of passage; Evangelicalism – Membership; Evangelicalism – Social justice; Evangelicalism – Social aspects; Evangelicalism – Political impact; Evangelicalism – Controversial issues; Evangelicalism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Guinea – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Guinea-Bissau – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Guyana – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – History; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Haiti – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Vodou – Date of origin; Vodou – Number of followers; Vodou – History; Vodou – Early and modern leaders; Vodou – Major theologians and authors; Vodou – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodou – What is sacred?; Vodou – Holidays and festivals; Vodou – Mode of dress; Vodou – Dietary practices; Vodou – Rituals; Vodou – Rites of passage; Vodou – Membership; Vodou – Social justice; Vodou – Social aspects; Vodou – Political impact; Vodou – Controversial issues; Vodou – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Hinduism – Om; Glossary – Acharya; Glossary – Ashrama; Glossary – Atman; Glossary – Ayurveda; Glossary – Bhagavad Gita; Glossary – Bhakti; Glossary – Brahma; Glossary – Brahman (supreme being); Glossary – Brahman (caste); Glossary – Caste; Glossary – Deva; Glossary – Devi; Glossary – Dharma; Glossary – Dharma Sastra; Glossary – Durga; Glossary – Ganesha; Glossary – Goddess; Glossary – Gotra; Glossary – Guru; Glossary – Jati; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Krishna; Glossary – Kundalini; Glossary – Lakshmi; Glossary – Mahabharata; Glossary – Mandala; Glossary – Mantra; Glossary – Moksha; Glossary – Parvati; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Purana; Glossary – Ramayana; Glossary – Samadhi; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Sanatana dharma; Glossary – Shakti; Glossary – Sanskrit; Glossary – Shiva; Glossary – Smriti; Glossary – Sruti; Glossary – Swami; Glossary – Tamil; Glossary – Tantra; Glossary – Upadesa; Glossary – Upanishad; Glossary – Vaishnava; Glossary – Varna; Glossary – Varna-ashrama dharma; Glossary – Veda; Glossary – Vedanta; Glossary – Vishnu; Glossary – Yoga; Glossary – Yuga; The Tilaka and Religious Affiliation; Women's Contribution to the Hindu Tradition; Membership; Religious tolerance; Shaivism – Central doctrines; Shaivism – Moral code of conduct; Shaivism – Sacred books; Shaivism – Sacred symbols; Shaivism – Major theologians and authors; Shaivism – Organizational structure; Shaivism – Houses of worship and holy places; Shaivism – What is sacred?; Shaivism – Holidays and festivals; Shaivism – Mode of dress; Shaivism – Dietary practices; Shaivism – Rites of passage; Shaivism – Membership; Shaivism – Religious tolerance; Shaivism – Social justice; Shaivism – Social aspects; Shaivism – Controversial issues; Shaivism – Cultural impact; Vaishnavism – Overview; Vaishnavism – Sacred books; Vaishnavism – Sacred symbols; Vaishnavism – Early and modern leaders; Vaishnavism – Major theologians and authors; Vaishnavism – Organizational structure; Vaishnavism – Vaishnava Theology; Vaishnavism – What is sacred?; Vaishnavism – Mode of dress; Vaishnavism – Dietary practices; Vaishnavism – Rituals; Vaishnavism – Rites of passage; Vaishnavism – Membership; Vaishnavism – Religious tolerance; Vaishnavism – Social justice; Vaishnavism – Social aspects; Vaishnavism – Controversial issues; Vaishnavism – Cultural impact; Vaishnavism – Bibliography; Honduras – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Hungary – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Iceland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Membership; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Cultural impact; Bibliography; India – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Indonesia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Introduction – Common elements in religious practice – Celebrations and observances; An invitation to explore; Iran – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Shia Islam – Date of origin; Shia Islam – Number of followers; Shia Islam – Early and modern leaders; Shia Islam – Major theologians and authors; Shia Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Shia Islam – What is sacred?; Shia Islam – Holidays and festivals; Shia Islam – Mode of dress; Shia Islam – Dietary practices; Shia Islam – Rituals; Shia Islam – Membership; Shia Islam – Social justice; Shia Islam – Social aspects; Shia Islam – Political impact; Shia Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Iraq – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ireland – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Islam – Crescent Moon and Star; Glossary – Al-hajj (al-hajji); Glossary – Allah; Glossary – Caliph; Glossary – Dawa; Glossary – Dhimmi; Glossary – Dua; Glossary – Fast of Ramadan; Glossary – Fatwa; Glossary – Five Pillars of Islam; Glossary – Ghusl; Glossary – Hadith; Glossary – Hajj; Glossary – Halal; Glossary – Hijab; Glossary – Hijra (Hegira); Glossary – Imam; Glossary – Islam (submission); Glossary – Jihad; Glossary – Jizya; Glossary – Juma; Glossary – Kaaba; Glossary – Koran (Quran); Glossary – Madrasah; Glossary – Masjid; Glossary – Mihrab; Glossary – Millet; Glossary – Minbar; Glossary – People of the Book; Glossary – Riba; Glossary – Sadaqah; Glossary – Salat; Glossary – Shahadah; Glossary – Shariah; Glossary – Shiite; Glossary – Sufi; Glossary – Sunnah; Glossary – Sunni; Glossary – Surah; Glossary – Tawhid; Glossary – Ulama; Glossary – Ummah; Glossary – Wali; Glossary – Wudu; Glossary – Zakat; Organizational structure; Shiism – Moral code of conduct; Shiism – Sacred books; Shiism – Sacred symbols; Shiism – Early and modern leaders; Shiism – Houses of worship and holy places; Shiism – What is sacred?; Shiism – Mode of dress; Shiism – Dietary practices; Shiism – Rites of passage; Shiism – Membership; Shiism – Religious tolerance; Shiism – Social justice; Shiism – Social aspects; Shiism – Controversial issues; Shiism – Bibliography; Sunnism – Sacred symbols; Sunnism – The Ideal Leader of an Islamic State; Sunnism – Major theologians and authors; Sunnism – Organizational structure; Sunnism – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunnism – What is sacred?; Sunnism – Holidays and festivals; Sunnism – Mode of dress; Sunnism – Dietary practices; Sunnism – Rituals; Sunnism – Membership; Sunnism – Religious tolerance; Sunnism – Social justice; Sunnism – Social aspects; Sunnism – Cultural impact; Sunnism – Bibliography; Israel – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Judaism – Date of origin; Judaism – Number of followers; Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Judaism – What is sacred?; Judaism – Mode of dress; Judaism – Dietary practices; Judaism – Rituals; Judaism – Rites of passage; Judaism – Membership; Judaism – Social justice; Judaism – Social aspects; Judaism – Political impact; Judaism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Italy – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography;
  • Jainism – Universal Jain Symbol; Sacred symbols; Mode of dress; Rites of passage; Glossary – Acharya; Glossary – Ahimsa; Glossary – Anekant; Glossary – Aryika; Glossary – Brahmacarya; Glossary – Dashalakshanaparvan; Glossary – Digambara; Glossary – Diksha; Glossary – Jina; Glossary – Jiva; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Mahavira Jayanti; Glossary – Moksha; Glossary – Muhapatti; Glossary – Muni; Glossary – Murtipujak; Glossary – Namaskar Mantra; Glossary – Nigoda; Glossary – Paryushan; Glossary – Puja; Glossary – Purvas; Glossary – Sallekhana; Glossary – Samsara; Glossary – Sati; Glossary – Shvetambara; Glossary – Sthanakwasi; Glossary – Svastika; Glossary – Tap (Tapas; Tapasya); Glossary – Tattva; Glossary – Tattvartha Sutra; Glossary – Terapanthi; Glossary – Three jewels; Membership; Social aspects; Jamaica – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Pentecostalism – Date of origin; Pentecostalism – Number of followers; Pentecostalism – Early and modern leaders; Pentecostalism – Major theologians and authors; Pentecostalism – Houses of worship and holy places; Pentecostalism – What is sacred?; Pentecostalism – Holidays and festivals; Pentecostalism – Mode of dress; Pentecostalism – Dietary practices; Pentecostalism – Rituals; Pentecostalism – Rites of passage; Pentecostalism – Membership; Pentecostalism – Social justice; Pentecostalism – Social aspects; Pentecostalism – Political impact; Pentecostalism – Controversial issues; Pentecostalism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Japan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Shinto – Date of origin; Shinto – Number of followers; Shinto – Early and modern leaders; Shinto – Major theologians and authors; Shinto – Houses of worship and holy places; Shinto – What is sacred?; Shinto – Holidays and festivals; Shinto – Mode of dress; Shinto – Dietary practices; Shinto – Rituals; Shinto – Rites of passage; Shinto – Membership; Shinto – Social justice; Shinto – Social aspects; Shinto – Political impact; Shinto – Controversial issues; Shinto – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Jordan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Judaism – The Menorah; Glossary – Aggadah; Glossary – Ashkenazim; Glossary – Bar mitzvah (son of commandment); Glossary – Brit Milah; Glossary – Conservative Judaism; Glossary – Diaspora; Glossary – Haggadah; Glossary – Halakhah; Glossary – Hasidism; Glossary – Kabbalah; Glossary – Kasruth; Glossary – Midrash; Glossary – Mishnah; Glossary – Orthodox Judaism; Glossary – Passover (Pesach); Glossary – Prophets (Nevi'im); Glossary – Reconstructionist Judaism; Glossary – Reform Judaism; Glossary – Rosh Hashanah; Glossary – Sanhedrin; Glossary – Sephardim; Glossary – Shabuoth (Feast of Weeks); Glossary – Talmud; Glossary – Tanakh; Glossary – Torah (Pentateuch; Law); Glossary – Writings (Ketuvim; Hagiographa); Glossary – Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement); Contemporary Midrash; Two Israeli Holidays; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Religious tolerance; Social aspects; Conservative Judaism – Overview; Conservative Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Conservative Judaism – Sacred books; Conservative Judaism – Sacred symbols; Conservative Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Conservative Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Conservative Judaism – Organizational structure; Conservative Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Conservative Judaism – Mode of dress; Conservative Judaism – Dietary practices; Conservative Judaism – Rituals; Conservative Judaism – Rites of passage; Conservative Judaism – The Masorti Movement in Israel; Conservative Judaism – Membership; Conservative Judaism – Religious tolerance; Conservative Judaism – Social justice; Conservative Judaism – Social aspects; Conservative Judaism – Cultural impact; Conservative Judaism – Bibliography; Orthodox Judaism – Overview; Orthodox Judaism – Central doctrines; Orthodox Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Orthodox Judaism – Sacred books; Orthodox Judaism – Sacred symbols; Orthodox Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Orthodox Judaism – Organizational structure; Orthodox Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Orthodox Judaism – What is sacred?; Orthodox Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Orthodox Judaism – Mode of dress; Orthodox Judaism – Dietary practices; Orthodox Judaism – Rituals; Orthodox Judaism – Thirteen Principles of Belief; Orthodox Judaism – Rites of passage; Orthodox Judaism – Membership; Orthodox Judaism – Religious tolerance; Orthodox Judaism – Social justice; Orthodox Judaism – Social aspects; Orthodox Judaism – Controversial issues; Orthodox Judaism – Cultural impact; Orthodox Judaism – Bibliography; Reform Judaism – Overview; Reform Judaism – Central doctrines; Reform Judaism – Moral code of conduct; Reform Judaism – Sacred books; Reform Judaism – Sacred symbols; Reform Judaism – Early and modern leaders; Reform Judaism – Major theologians and authors; Reform Judaism – Organizational structure; Reform Judaism – Houses of worship and holy places; Reform Judaism – What is sacred?; Reform Judaism – Holidays and festivals; Reform Judaism – Mode of dress; Reform Judaism – Dietary practices; Reform Judaism – Rituals; Reform Judaism – Rites of passage; Reform Judaism – Membership; Reform Judaism – Religious tolerance; Reform Judaism – Social justice; Reform Judaism – Social aspects; Reform Judaism – Cultural impact; Reform Judaism – Bibliography;
  • Kazakhstan – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – History; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Political impact; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kenya – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kiribati – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Kiribati Protestant Church – Date of origin; Kiribati Protestant Church – Number of followers; Kiribati Protestant Church – Early and modern leaders; Kiribati Protestant Church – Major theologians and authors; Kiribati Protestant Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Kiribati Protestant Church – What is sacred?; Kiribati Protestant Church – Holidays and festivals; Kiribati Protestant Church – Mode of dress; Kiribati Protestant Church – Dietary practices; Kiribati Protestant Church – Rituals; Kiribati Protestant Church – Rites of passage; Kiribati Protestant Church – Membership; Kiribati Protestant Church – Social justice; Kiribati Protestant Church – Social aspects; Kiribati Protestant Church – Political impact; Kiribati Protestant Church – Controversial issues; Kiribati Protestant Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Kuwait – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Bibliography; Kyrgyzstan – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Laos – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Latvia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Lebanon – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Lesotho – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Liberia – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – History; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Libya – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Liechtenstein – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Lithuania – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Luxembourg – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Macedonia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Macedonian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Membership; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Macedonian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Madagascar – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Traditional religion – Date of origin; Traditional religion – Number of followers; Traditional religion – History; Traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; Traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; Traditional religion – Houses of worship and holy places; Traditional religion – What is sacred?; Traditional religion – Mode of dress; Traditional religion – Dietary practices; Traditional religion – Rituals; Traditional religion – Rites of passage; Traditional religion – Membership; Traditional religion – Social justice; Traditional religion – Social aspects; Traditional religion – Political impact; Traditional religion – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Malawi – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Malaysia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Maldives – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mali – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Malta – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Marshall Islands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mauritania – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mauritius – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Mexico – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Micronesia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Moldova – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Moldavian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Membership; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Moldavian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography*; Monaco – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mongolia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin; Tibetan Buddhism – Number of followers; Tibetan Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Tibetan Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Tibetan Buddhism – What is sacred?; Tibetan Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Tibetan Buddhism – Mode of dress; Tibetan Buddhism – Dietary practices; Tibetan Buddhism – Rituals; Tibetan Buddhism – Rites of passage; Tibetan Buddhism – Membership; Tibetan Buddhism – Social justice; Tibetan Buddhism – Social aspects; Tibetan Buddhism – Political impact; Tibetan Buddhism – Controversial issues; Tibetan Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Morocco – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Mozambique – Country overview – Religious tolerance; African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin; African indigenous beliefs – Number of followers; African indigenous beliefs – History; African indigenous beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African indigenous beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African indigenous beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African indigenous beliefs – What is sacred?; African indigenous beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African indigenous beliefs – Mode of dress; African indigenous beliefs – Dietary practices; African indigenous beliefs – Rituals; African indigenous beliefs – Rites of passage; African indigenous beliefs – Membership; African indigenous beliefs – Social justice; African indigenous beliefs – Social aspects; African indigenous beliefs – Political impact; African indigenous beliefs – Controversial issues; African indigenous beliefs – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Myanmar – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Namibia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nauru – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nepal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – History; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Netherlands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; New Zealand – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Nicaragua – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Niger – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Nigeria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; North Korea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Juche – Date of origin; Juche – Number of followers; Juche – Early and modern leaders; Juche – Major theologians and authors; Juche – Houses of worship and holy places; Juche – Holidays and festivals; Juche – Mode of dress; Juche – Dietary practices; Juche – Rituals; Juche – Rites of passage; Juche – Membership; Juche – Social justice; Juche – Social aspects; Juche – Political impact; Juche – Controversial issues; Juche – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Norway – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin; Evangelical Lutheranism – Number of followers; Evangelical Lutheranism – Early and modern leaders; Evangelical Lutheranism – Major theologians and authors; Evangelical Lutheranism – Houses of worship and holy places; Evangelical Lutheranism – What is sacred?; Evangelical Lutheranism – Holidays and festivals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Mode of dress; Evangelical Lutheranism – Dietary practices; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rituals; Evangelical Lutheranism – Rites of passage; Evangelical Lutheranism – Membership; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social justice; Evangelical Lutheranism – Social aspects; Evangelical Lutheranism – Political impact; Evangelical Lutheranism – Controversial issues; Evangelical Lutheranism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Oman – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Ibadi Islam – Date of origin; Ibadi Islam – Number of followers; Ibadi Islam – Early and modern leaders; Ibadi Islam – What is sacred?; Ibadi Islam – Holidays and festivals; Ibadi Islam – Mode of dress; Ibadi Islam – Rituals; Ibadi Islam – Rites of passage; Ibadi Islam – Membership; Ibadi Islam – Social justice; Ibadi Islam – Political impact; Ibadi Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Pakistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Palau – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Panama – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Papua New Guinea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Paraguay – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Peru – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Philippines – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Poland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Portugal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Qatar – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional religions – Date of origin; African traditional religions – Number of followers; African traditional religions – Early and modern leaders; African traditional religions – Major theologians and authors; African traditional religions – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional religions – What is sacred?; African traditional religions – Holidays and festivals; African traditional religions – Mode of dress; African traditional religions – Dietary practices; African traditional religions – Rituals; African traditional religions – Membership; African traditional religions – Social justice; African traditional religions – Social aspects; African traditional religions – Political impact; African traditional religions – Controversial issues; African traditional religions – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Romania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Romanian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Romanian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Romanian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Romanian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Romanian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Romanian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Romanian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Romanian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Romanian Orthodox Church – Membership; Romanian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Romanian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Romanian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Romanian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Russia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Russian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Russian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Russian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Russian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Russian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Russian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Russian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Russian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Russian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Russian Orthodox Church – Rituals; Russian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Russian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Russian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Russian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Russian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Russian Orthodox Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Rwanda – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Holidays and festivals; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Methodism – Date of origin; Methodism – Number of followers; Methodism – History; Methodism – Early and modern leaders; Methodism – Major theologians and authors; Methodism – Houses of worship and holy places; Methodism – What is sacred?; Methodism – Holidays and festivals; Methodism – Mode of dress; Methodism – Dietary practices; Methodism – Rituals; Methodism – Rites of passage; Methodism – Membership; Methodism – Social justice; Methodism – Social aspects; Methodism – Political impact; Methodism – Controversial issues; Methodism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saint Lucia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Anglicanism – Date of origin; Anglicanism – Number of followers; Anglicanism – History; Anglicanism – Early and modern leaders; Anglicanism – Major theologians and authors; Anglicanism – Houses of worship and holy places; Anglicanism – What is sacred?; Anglicanism – Mode of dress; Anglicanism – Dietary practices; Anglicanism – Rituals; Anglicanism – Rites of passage; Anglicanism – Membership; Anglicanism – Social justice; Anglicanism – Social aspects; Anglicanism – Political impact; Anglicanism – Controversial issues; Anglicanism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Samoa – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Date of origin; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Number of followers; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Early and modern leaders; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Major theologians and authors; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Houses of worship and holy places; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – What is sacred?; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Holidays and festivals; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Mode of dress; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Dietary practices; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Rituals; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Rites of passage; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Membership; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Social justice; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Social aspects; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Political impact; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Controversial issues; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Cultural impact; Bibliography; San Marino – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Saudi Arabia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Other religions; Bibliography; Senegal – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin; Serbian Orthodox Church – Number of followers; Serbian Orthodox Church – Early and modern leaders; Serbian Orthodox Church – Major theologians and authors; Serbian Orthodox Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Serbian Orthodox Church – What is sacred?; Serbian Orthodox Church – Holidays and festivals; Serbian Orthodox Church – Mode of dress; Serbian Orthodox Church – Dietary practices; Serbian Orthodox Church – Rites of passage; Serbian Orthodox Church – Membership; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social justice; Serbian Orthodox Church – Social aspects; Serbian Orthodox Church – Political impact; Serbian Orthodox Church – Controversial issues; Bibliography; Seychelles – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Shinto – Overview; Torii; Glossary – Amaterasu; Glossary – Arahitogami; Glossary – Fukko Shintō; Glossary – Gon-gūji; Glossary – Goryō; Glossary – Gūji; Glossary – Hachiman; Glossary – Harae; Glossary – Himorogi; Glossary – Hitogami; Glossary – Honji-suijaku; Glossary – Iwasaka; Glossary – Kagura; Glossary – Kami; Glossary – Kannushi; Glossary – Kegare; Glossary – Ki; Glossary – Kokugaku; Glossary – Kojiki; Glossary – Kokoro; Glossary – Man'yōshū; Glossary – Marebito; Glossary – Matsuri; Glossary – Miko; Glossary – Nihon shoki; Glossary – Negi; Glossary – Norito; Glossary – Oni; Glossary – Ubasoku (Hijiri); Glossary – Yuitsu genpon sōgen shintō; Glossary – Shinjin goitsu; Glossary – Shintai; Glossary – Torii; Central doctrines; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; What Is a Kami?; Is Shinto a Religion?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Cultural impact; Sierra Leone – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African traditional religion – Date of origin; African traditional religion – Number of followers; African traditional religion – History; African traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; African traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; African traditional religion – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional religion – What is sacred?; African traditional religion – Holidays and festivals; African traditional religion – Mode of dress; African traditional religion – Dietary practices; African traditional religion – Rituals; African traditional religion – Membership; African traditional religion – Social justice; African traditional religion – Social aspects; African traditional religion – Political impact; African traditional religion – Controversial issues; African traditional religion – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sikhism – Khanda; Glossary – Adi Granth; Glossary – Akal Purakh; Glossary – Amrit; Glossary – Dan; Glossary – Granthi; Glossary – Gurdwara; Glossary – Gurmukh; Glossary – Guru; Glossary – Guru Granth (Guru Granth Sahib); Glossary – Guru Panth; Glossary – Hukam; Glossary – Ishnan; Glossary – Janam-sakhi; Glossary – Karah prashad; Glossary – Karma; Glossary – Katha; Glossary – Kaur; Glossary – Khalsa; Glossary – Kirpan; Glossary – Kirtan; Glossary – Langar; Glossary – Nam; Glossary – Panth; Glossary – Pati; Glossary – Rahit; Glossary – Sangat; Glossary – Sansar; Glossary – Shabad; Glossary – Sikh; Glossary – Sikh Panth; Glossary – Sikh Rahit Maryada; Glossary – Singh; Glossary – Vak; The Adi Granth; Sacred symbols; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Dietary practices; Rituals; Membership; Singapore – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – History; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rituals; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Membership; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Slovakia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Slovenia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Solomon Islands – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Somalia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; South Africa – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; South Korea – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Buddhism – Date of origin; Buddhism – Number of followers; Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Buddhism – What is sacred?; Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Buddhism – Mode of dress; Buddhism – Dietary practices; Buddhism – Rites of passage; Buddhism – Social justice; Buddhism – Social aspects; Buddhism – Political impact; Buddhism – Controversial issues; Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Spain – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sri Lanka – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Early and modern leaders; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – What is sacred?; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rituals; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Sudan – Country overview – Religious tolerance Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Suriname – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Hinduism – Date of origin; Hinduism – Number of followers; Hinduism – Early and modern leaders; Hinduism – Major theologians and authors; Hinduism – Houses of worship and holy places; Hinduism – What is sacred?; Hinduism – Holidays and festivals; Hinduism – Mode of dress; Hinduism – Dietary practices; Hinduism – Rituals; Hinduism – Rites of passage; Hinduism – Membership; Hinduism – Social justice; Hinduism – Social aspects; Hinduism – Political impact; Hinduism – Controversial issues; Hinduism – Cultural impact; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Swaziland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Swazi traditional religion – Date of origin; Swazi traditional religion – Number of followers; Swazi traditional religion – Early and modern leaders; Swazi traditional religion – Major theologians and authors; Swazi traditional religion – What is sacred?; Swazi traditional religion – Mode of dress; Swazi traditional religion – Dietary practices; Swazi traditional religion – Rituals; Swazi traditional religion – Membership; Swazi traditional religion – Social justice; Swazi traditional religion – Social aspects; Swazi traditional religion – Political impact; Swazi traditional religion – Controversial issues; Swazi traditional religion – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Sweden – Country overview; Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Church of Sweden – Date of origin; Church of Sweden – Number of followers; Church of Sweden – History; Church of Sweden – Early and modern leaders; Church of Sweden – Major theologians and authors; Church of Sweden – Houses of worship and holy places; Church of Sweden – What is sacred?; Church of Sweden – Holidays and festivals; Church of Sweden – Mode of dress; Church of Sweden – Dietary practices; Church of Sweden – Rituals; Church of Sweden – Rites of passage; Church of Sweden – Membership; Church of Sweden – Social justice; Church of Sweden – Social aspects; Church of Sweden – Political impact; Church of Sweden – Controversial issues; Church of Sweden – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Switzerland – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Syria – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Taiwan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Chinese religion – Date of origin; Chinese religion – Number of followers; Chinese religion – Early and modern leaders; Chinese religion – Major theologians and authors; Chinese religion – Houses of worship and holy places; Chinese religion – What is sacred?; Chinese religion – Mode of dress; Chinese religion – Dietary practices; Chinese religion – Rituals; Chinese religion – Rites of passage; Chinese religion – Membership; Chinese religion – Social justice; Chinese religion – Social aspects; Chinese religion – Political impact; Chinese religion – Controversial issues; Chinese religion – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tajikistan – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Tanzania – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – History; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Taoism – Yin yang; Glossary – "Celestial Masters" tradition (T'ien-shih); Glossary – Chen; Glossary – Chen-jen; Glossary – Cheng-i; Glossary – Ch'i; Glossary – Chiao; Glossary – Chai; Glossary – Ch'i-kung (Qigong); Glossary – Chin dynasty; Glossary – Chin-tan; Glossary – Ch'ing dynasty; Glossary – Ching; Glossary – Ching-ming; Glossary – Ch'ing-wei; Glossary – Ch'uan-ch'i; Glossary – Chuang-tzu; Glossary – Ch'üan-chen; Glossary – Classical China; Glossary – "Dragon Gate" tradition (Lung-men); Glossary – Han dynasty; Glossary – Hsiang-erh; Glossary – Hsin; Glossary – Hsing; Glossary – Hsiu chen; Glossary – Hsiu-lien; Glossary – Hsiu tao; Glossary – Inner Alchemy; Glossary – Jurchen; Glossary – Kuan; Glossary – Lao-tzu; Glossary – Legalism; Glossary – Libationers; Glossary – Lien-shih; Glossary – Linbg-pao; Glossary – Meng-wei; Glossary – Ming; Glossary – Ming dynasty; Glossary – Mongols; Glossary – Nei-tan; Glossary – Nei-yeh; Glossary – Neo-Confucianism; Glossary – Northern Sung dynasty; Glossary – “Northern Taoism”; Glossary – Shan; Glossary – Shang-ch'ing; Glossary – Shen; Glossary – Shen-hsien; Glossary – “Southern Taoism”; Glossary – Sung dynasty; Glossary – T'ai-ch'ing; Glossary – T'ai-p'ing ching; Glossary – T'ai-p'ing; Glossary – T'ang dynasty; Glossary – Tao; Glossary – Tao-chiao; Glossary – Taoism; Glossary – Tao-shih; Glossary – Tao te ching; Glossary – Tao-tsang; Glossary – T'ien-shih; Glossary – Wai-tan; Glossary – Wu-wei; Sacred books; Sacred symbols; Early and modern leaders; Major theologians and authors; Organizational structure; “Northern Taoism” and “Southern Taoism”; Houses of worship and holy places; What is sacred?; Holidays and festivals; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; Rituals; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social justice; Social aspects; Controversial issues; Cultural impact; Bibliography; Thailand – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin; Theravada Buddhism – Number of followers; Theravada Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Theravada Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Theravada Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Theravada Buddhism – Mode of dress; Theravada Buddhism – Dietary practices; Theravada Buddhism – Rites of passage; Theravada Buddhism – Membership; Theravada Buddhism – Social justice; Theravada Buddhism – Social aspects; Theravada Buddhism – Political impact; Theravada Buddhism – Controversial issues; Theravada Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Togo – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – History; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Vodun – Number of followers; Vodun – History; Vodun – Early and modern leaders; Vodun – Major theologians and authors; Vodun – Houses of worship and holy places; Vodun – What is sacred?; Vodun – Holidays and festivals; Vodun – Mode of dress; Vodun – Dietary practices; Vodun – Rituals; Vodun – Rites of passage; Vodun – Membership; Vodun – Social justice; Vodun – Social aspects; Vodun – Political impact; Vodun – Controversial issues; Vodun – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tonga – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Free Wesleyan Church – Date of origin; Free Wesleyan Church – Number of followers; Free Wesleyan Church – Early and modern leaders; Free Wesleyan Church – Major theologians and authors; Free Wesleyan Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Free Wesleyan Church – What is sacred?; Free Wesleyan Church – Holidays and festivals; Free Wesleyan Church – Mode of dress; Free Wesleyan Church – Dietary practices; Free Wesleyan Church – Rituals; Free Wesleyan Church – Rites of passage; Free Wesleyan Church – Membership; Free Wesleyan Church – Social justice; Free Wesleyan Church – Social aspects; Free Wesleyan Church – Political impact; Free Wesleyan Church – Controversial issues; Free Wesleyan Church – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tunisia – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Turkey – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Mode of dress; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Rites of passage; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Turkmenistan – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Early and modern leaders; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Tuvalu – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Tuvalu Christian Church – Date of origin; Tuvalu Christian Church – Number of followers; Tuvalu Christian Church – Early and modern leaders; Tuvalu Christian Church – Major theologians and authors; Tuvalu Christian Church – Houses of worship and holy places; Tuvalu Christian Church – What is sacred?; Tuvalu Christian Church – Holidays and festivals; Tuvalu Christian Church – Mode of dress; Tuvalu Christian Church – Dietary practices; Tuvalu Christian Church – Rituals; Tuvalu Christian Church – Rites of passage; Tuvalu Christian Church – Membership; Tuvalu Christian Church – Social justice; Tuvalu Christian Church – Political impact; Tuvalu Christian Church – Controversial issues; Tuvalu Christian Church – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography;
  • Uganda – Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Ukraine – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin; Eastern Orthodoxy – Number of followers; Eastern Orthodoxy – Early and modern leaders; Eastern Orthodoxy – Major theologians and authors; Eastern Orthodoxy – Houses of worship and holy places; Eastern Orthodoxy – What is sacred?; Eastern Orthodoxy – Holidays and festivals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Mode of dress; Eastern Orthodoxy – Dietary practices; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rituals; Eastern Orthodoxy – Rites of passage; Eastern Orthodoxy – Membership; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social justice; Eastern Orthodoxy – Social aspects; Eastern Orthodoxy – Controversial issues; Eastern Orthodoxy – Cultural impact; Bibliography; United Arab Emirates – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Sunni Islam – Date of origin; Sunni Islam – Number of followers; Sunni Islam – History; Sunni Islam – Early and modern leaders; Sunni Islam – Major theologians and authors; Sunni Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Sunni Islam – What is sacred?; Sunni Islam – Holidays and festivals; Sunni Islam – Dietary practices; Sunni Islam – Rituals; Sunni Islam – Membership; Sunni Islam – Social justice; Sunni Islam – Social aspects; Sunni Islam – Political impact; Sunni Islam – Controversial issues; Sunni Islam – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; United Kingdom – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Church of England – Date of origin; Church of England – Number of followers; Church of England – Early and modern leaders; Church of England – Major theologians and authors; Church of England – What is sacred?; Church of England – Holidays and festivals; Church of England – Mode of dress; Church of England – Dietary practices; Church of England – Rites of passage; Church of England – Membership; Church of England – Social justice; Church of England – Social aspects; Church of England – Political impact; Church of England – Controversial issues; Church of England – Cultural impact; Bibliography; United States of America – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Protestantism – Date of origin; Protestantism – Number of followers; Protestantism – Early and modern leaders; Protestantism – Major theologians and authors; Protestantism – Houses of worship and holy places; Protestantism – What is sacred?; Protestantism – Holidays and festivals; Protestantism – Mode of dress; Protestantism – Dietary practices; Protestantism – Rituals; Protestantism – Rites of passage; Protestantism – Membership; Protestantism – Social justice; Protestantism – Social aspects; Protestantism – Political impact; Protestantism – Controversial issues; Protestantism – Cultural impact; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Native American religions – Date of origin; Native American religions – Number of followers; Native American religions – Early and modern leaders; Native American religions – Major theologians and authors; Native American religions – Houses of worship and holy places; Native American religions – What is sacred?; Native American religions – Holidays and festivals; Native American religions – Mode of dress; Native American religions – Dietary practices; Native American religions – Rituals; Native American religions – Rites of passage; Native American religions – Membership; Native American religions – Social justice; Native American religions – Social aspects; Native American religions – Political impact; Native American religions – Controversial issues; Native American religions – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Uruguay – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – History; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Uzbekistan – Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Major theologians and authors; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rituals; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Vanuatu – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues; Christianity – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Vatican City – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rituals; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Membership; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Social aspects; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Other religions; Bibliography; Venezuela – Country overview; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Roman Catholicism – Date of origin; Roman Catholicism – Number of followers; Roman Catholicism – Early and modern leaders; Roman Catholicism – Major theologians and authors; Roman Catholicism – Houses of worship and holy places; Roman Catholicism – What is sacred?; Roman Catholicism – Holidays and festivals; Roman Catholicism – Mode of dress; Roman Catholicism – Dietary practices; Roman Catholicism – Rites of passage; Roman Catholicism – Social justice; Roman Catholicism – Political impact; Roman Catholicism – Controversial issues; Roman Catholicism – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Vietnam – Country overview – Introduction; Country overview – Religious tolerance; Mahayana Buddhism – Date of origin; Mahayana Buddhism – Number of followers; Mahayana Buddhism – Major theologians and authors; Mahayana Buddhism – Houses of worship and holy places; Mahayana Buddhism – What is sacred?; Mahayana Buddhism – Holidays and festivals; Mahayana Buddhism – Mode of dress; Mahayana Buddhism – Dietary practices; Mahayana Buddhism – Rituals; Mahayana Buddhism – Rites of passage; Mahayana Buddhism – Membership; Mahayana Buddhism – Social justice; Mahayana Buddhism – Social aspects; Mahayana Buddhism – Political impact; Mahayana Buddhism – Controversial issues; Mahayana Buddhism – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Yemen – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Islam – Date of origin; Islam – Number of followers; Islam – Houses of worship and holy places; Islam – What is sacred?; Islam – Holidays and festivals; Islam – Mode of dress; Islam – Dietary practices; Islam – Rites of passage; Islam – Membership; Islam – Social justice; Islam – Social aspects; Islam – Political impact; Islam – Controversial issues; Islam – Cultural impact; Bibliography;
  • Zambia – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Zimbabwe – Country overview – Religious tolerance; Christianity – Date of origin; Christianity – Number of followers; Christianity – Early and modern leaders; Christianity – Major theologians and authors; Christianity – Houses of worship and holy places; Christianity – What is sacred?; Christianity – Holidays and festivals; Christianity – Mode of dress; Christianity – Dietary practices; Christianity – Rituals; Christianity – Rites of passage; Christianity – Membership; Christianity – Social justice; Christianity – Social aspects; Christianity – Political impact; Christianity – Controversial issues*; Christianity – Cultural impact; African traditional beliefs – Date of origin; African traditional beliefs – Number of followers; African traditional beliefs – Early and modern leaders; African traditional beliefs – Major theologians and authors; African traditional beliefs – Houses of worship and holy places; African traditional beliefs – What is sacred?; African traditional beliefs – Holidays and festivals; African traditional beliefs – Mode of dress; African traditional beliefs – Dietary practices; African traditional beliefs – Rituals; African traditional beliefs – Rites of passage; African traditional beliefs – Membership; African traditional beliefs – Social justice; African traditional beliefs – Social aspects; African traditional beliefs – Political impact; African traditional beliefs – Controversial issues; African traditional beliefs – Cultural impact; Bibliography; Zoroastrianism – Overview; The Guardian Spirit; Glossary – Achaemenian dynasty; Glossary – Afrinagan; Glossary – Ahura Mazda; Glossary – Amesha Spentas; Glossary – Angra Mainyu; Glossary – Asha; Glossary – Atashkadeh; Glossary – Avestan; Glossary – Barashnum; Glossary – Daeva; Glossary – Dakhma; Glossary – Dar-i Mihr; Glossary – Dastur; Glossary – Fasli; Glossary – Frashkard; Glossary – Gathic; Glossary – Getig; Glossary – Gahambar; Glossary – Gāthā; Glossary – Haoma; Glossary – Jashan; Glossary – Kusti; Glossary – Magi; Glossary – Pahlavi; Glossary – Parahom; Glossary – Parsi; Glossary – Qadimi; Glossary – Raspi; Glossary – Sadre; Glossary – Sasanian dynasty; Glossary – Spenta Mainyu; Glossary – Yasht; Glossary – Yasna; Glossary – Yazata; Glossary – Zaotar; Glossary – Zardushti; Glossary – Zoroaster; Glossary – Zoroastrianism; Glossary – Zot; Sacred symbols; The Impact of Zoroastrianism on Major Religions; Organizational structure; What is sacred?; Mode of dress; Dietary practices; The Diminishing Population of Zoroastrians; Rites of passage; Membership; Religious tolerance; Social aspects;

Subarticles

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  • Introduction – Common elements in religious practice***; Geographic variations in religious practice*; Trends in contemporary religion**; An invitation to explore*;
    • Introduction – Common elements in religious practice – Rituals**; Celebrations and observances*; Scripture**; Theology**; Ethics**; Observance and explanation of death**;
  • Afghanistan – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 99%);
    • Afghanistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Afghanistan – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • African traditional religions – Overview**; History**; Gye Nyame*; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred Kingship*; Sacred books**; Early and modern leaders**; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What Is Sacred**; Holidays/Festivals**; Racism in the Early Study of African Religions*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • African traditional religions – Glossary – Abaluhya*; Babalawo*; Baganda*; Bambara*; Bantu*; Ba Kongo*; Ba Thonga*; Cosmogony*; Cosmology*; Dagara*; Divination*; Edo*; Fang*; Fon*; Ifa*; Igbo*; Kaguru*; Lupupa*; Manyika*; Masai*; Mwari*; Odu*; Olódùmarè*; Opele*; Orisa*; Yoruba*; Zulu*;
  • Albania – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 60-80%; Orthodox Christian – 15-20%; Roman Catholic 10-15%; Other – <5%);
    • Albania – Country overview - Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Albania – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Algeria – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 97%; Christian and Jewish – 1%; Atheist – 2%);
    • Algeria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Algeria – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Andorra – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 60%; Nonreligious and other – 40%;)
    • Andorra – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Andorra – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Angola – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*;
    • Angola – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*; (African indigenous beliefs – 47%; Roman Catholicism – 38%; Protestant – 15%);
    • Angola – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Angola – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview**; Anglicanism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 45%; Moravian – 12%; Methodist – 9.1%; Seventh-day Adventist – 8.8%; Roman Catholic – 8%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.45%; Rastafarian – 0.8%; Other – 14.85%);
    • Antigua and Barbuda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Antigua and Barbuda – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Argentina – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 88%; Protestant – 7%; Muslim – 2%; Jewish – 1.5%; Other or nonaffiliated – 1.5%);
    • Argentina – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Argentina – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Armenia – Country overview**; Armenian Apostolic Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Armenian Apostolic – 94%; Other Christian – 4%; Other – 2%);
    • Armenia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Armenia – Armenian Apostolic Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Australia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 26.7%; Anglican – 20.7%; Uniting Church in Australia – 6.7%; Presbyterian – 3.4%; Other Christian – 8.5%; Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish – 4.4%; Other – 29.6%);
    • Australia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Australia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**;
  • Austria – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 73.6%; Protestant – 4.7%; Muslim – 4.2%; Jewish – 0.1%; Nonreligious – 12%; Not indicated – 2%; Other – 3.4%);
    • Austria – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Austria – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Azerbaijan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 86%; Other – 14%);
    • Azerbaijan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Azerbaijan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bahá'í Faith – Overview**; Nine-pointed star*; History***; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Racism and Racial Prejudice: A Passage from the Administrative Texts*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Bahaullah, the founder of the Bahá'í faith, on How to Live One's Life*; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What Is Sacred*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Bahá'í Faith – Glossary – Babi*; Baha*; Hand of the Cause of God*; Huququllah*; Manifestation of God*; Nineteen Day Feast*; Qiblih*; Universal House of Justice*; Ya Baha ul-abha*;
  • The Bahamas – Country overview**; Baptist churches***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Baptist – 35.4%; Anglican – 15.2%; Roman Catholic – 13.5%; Pentecostal – 12.9%; Methodist – 4.3%; Seventh-day Adventist – 3.6%; No religious affiliation – 2.9%; Other – 12.2%);
    • The Bahamas – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • The Bahamas – Baptist churches – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bahrain – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*;
    • Bahrain – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bahrain – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bangladesh – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88%; Hindu – 10%; Other – 2%);
    • Bangladesh – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bangladesh – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Barbados – Country overview**; Anglican church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 33%; Pentecostal – 12.7%; Methodist – 5.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Roman Catholic – 4.4%; Other – 16.7%; Not stated – 22.8%);
    • Barbados – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Barbados – Anglican Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belarus – Country overview**; Belarusan Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 33%; Pentecostal – 12.7%; Methodist – 5.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Roman Catholic – 4.4%; Other – 16.7%; Not stated – 22.8%);
    • Belarus – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belarus – Belarusan Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belgium – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 85.6%; Muslim – 3%; Anglican and Other Protestant – 1.7%; Orthodox Christian – 0.3%; Jewish – 0.1%; Nonaffiliated and other – 9.3%);
    • Belgium – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belgium – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Belize – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Protestantism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 49.6%; Protestantism – 27.0%; Other – 14.0%; Nonreligious – 9.4%);
    • Belize – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Belize – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Belize – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Benin – Country overview**; Vodun***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Vodun – 57%; Roman Catholic – 21%; Muslim – 15%; Protestant – 4%; Independent – 3%);
    • Benin – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Benin – Vodun – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bhutan – Country overview**; Tibetan Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Nyingmapa Buddhist – 45%; Drukpa Kagyudpa Buddhist – 40%; Hindu – 14%; Other – 1%);
    • Bhutan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bhutan – Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Bolivia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 79.3%; Protestant – 10.1%; Nonreligious – 9.4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Bolivia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bolivia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Serbian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 40%; Orthodox Christian – 31%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Protestant – 4%; Other – 10%);
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Bosnia and Herzegovina – Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Botswana – Country overview**; African indigenous religions***; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (African indigenous beliefs – 65%; Christian – 34.18%; Other – 0.82%);
    • Botswana – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Botswana – African indigenous religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Botswana – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Brazil – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 75.0%; Historical Protestant – 12.5%; Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal – 7.0%; Spirit – 3.0%; Afro-Brazilian – 1.5%; Shinto, Buddhist, Jewish, indigenous – 1.0%);
    • Brazil – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Brazil – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Brunei – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*;
    • Brunei – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Brunei – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Buddhism – Overview**; Wheel of the Dharma*; History***; Central doctrines***; Glossary**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; The Practice of Deity Yoga*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Temporary Ordination*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Mahayana Buddhism***; Theravada Buddhism***; Tibetan Buddhism***;
    • Buddhism – Glossary – Anagarika*; Arhat*; Bhikkhu*; Bhikkhuni*; Bodhi*; Bodhisattva*; Ch'an (Zen)*; Dana*; Deva*; Dharma (Dhamma)*; Duhkha (Dukkha)*; Eightfold Path (Magga; Marga)*; Four Noble Truths*; Karma*; Mahayana Buddhism (Northern Buddhism)*; Nirvana*; Pancha sila*; Prajna*; Puja*; Samsara*; Samudaya*; Sangha*; Shramana*; Sila*; 10 Paramitas*; Theravada Buddhism (Southern Buddhism)*; Three Refuges (Triple Gem)*; Tripitaka (Tipitaka)*; Upaya*; Vajrayana (Tantra)*; Wheel of the Dharma*;
    • Buddhism – Mahayana Buddhism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; The Bodhisattva*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Buddhism – Theravada Buddhism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Buddhism – Tibetan Buddhism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Exorcisms*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Bulgaria – Country overview**; Orthodox Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox – 82.6%; Muslim – 12.2%; Roman Catholic – 0.6%; Protestant – 0.5%; Other – 4.1%);
    • Bulgaria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Bulgaria – Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Burkina Faso – Country overview**; Islam***; Traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 55%; Traditional – 24%; Roman Catholic – 17%; Protestant – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Burkina Faso – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Burkina Faso – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Burkina Faso – Traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Burundi – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 62%; African indigenous beliefs – 23%; Protestant – 13%; Muslim – 2%);
    • Burundi – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Burundi – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cambodia – Country overview*; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Theravada Buddhism – 89%; Mahayana Buddhism – 5%; Muslim – 3%; Other – 3%);
    • Cambodia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cambodia – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cameroon – Country overview**; Christianity***; African indigenous beliefs***; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 34.7%; African indigenous beliefs – 26%; Muslim – 21.8%; Protestant – 17.5);
    • Cameroon – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cameroon – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Cameroon – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Cameroon – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Canada – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other Christian denominations***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 45.7%; Protestant – 36.2%; Other – 5.6%; No preference – 12.5%);
    • Canada – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance**;
    • Canada – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Canada – Other Christian denominations – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cape Verde – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 95%; Protestant – 5%);
    • Cape Verde – Country overview**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cape Verde – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Central African Republic – Country overview*; Christianity***; African indigenous beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 50%; Traditional – 25%; Muslim – 15%; Other – 10%);
    • Central African Republic – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Central African Republic – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Central African Republic – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Chad – Country overview**; Islam***; African indigenous beliefs***; Christianity**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 90%; African indigenous beliefs – 30%; Christianity – 29.9%; Other (Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i) – 0.1%);
    • Chad – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Chad – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Chad – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Chad – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Chile – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 77%; Evangelical Protestant – 12%; Other Protestant – 1%; Atheist/nonreligious – 6%; Other – 4%);
    • Chile – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Chile – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • China – Country overview**; Chinese popular religions***; Buddhism***; Christianity***; Other religions***; Bibliography**; (Chinese popular religionist – 29.2%; Buddhist – 8%; Atheist – 8.1%; Christian – 6.5%; Tribal religionist – 4.3%; Muslim – 1.7%; Nonreligionist – 42.1%; Other – <0.1%);
    • China – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • China – Chinese popular religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • China – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • China – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Christianity – Overview**; Cross*; History***; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct***; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Glossary**; Cultural impact***; African Initiated Churches**; Christianity and Feminism**; Bibliography**; Anglicanism (Episcopalianism)***; Baptist tradition***; Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints***; Coptic Christianity***; Eastern Christianity***; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Evangelicalism***; Jehovah's Witnesses***; Lutheranism***; Methodism***; Pentecostalism***; Protestantism***; Reformed Christianity***; Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)***; Roman Catholicism***; Seventh-day Adventists***; Unitarianism and Universalism***; United Church of Christ***;
    • Christianity – Glossary – Advent*; Anglicanism*; Apocrypha*; Atonement*; Baptism*; Casuistry*; Catechesis*; Charismatics*; Chrismation*; Conciliar*; Confirmation*; Congregationalism*; Epiphany*; Eschatology*; Eucharist (Communion; Lord's Supper)*; Evangelicalism*; Extreme unction*; Grace*; Lent*; Matrimony*; Messiah*; Ordination*; Orthodoxy*; Pentecost*; Pentecostalism*; Petrine primacy*; Presbyterianism*; Protestantism*; Reconciliation*; Roman Catholicism*; Sacrament*; Sacramental*; Salvation*; Trinity*; Uniate*;
    • Christianity – Anglicanism (Episcopalianism) – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Controversy over a Gay Bishop*; Bibliography**;
    • Christianity – Baptist tradition – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Diversity among Baptists*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; The Latter-day Saint movement*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Coptic Christianity – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; Coptic Monastic Life and Church Renewal*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Eastern Christianity – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Eastern Orthodoxy – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Icons*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Evangelicalism – Overview*; History*; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Explosive Growth*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Jehovah's Witnesses – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; The Slave Class*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Lutheranism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Small Catechism*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Methodism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; The Name "Methodist"*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Pentecostalism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Numbers of Pentecostal Groups*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Protestantism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Priesthood of All Believers*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Reformed Christianity – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; The Word of God*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Quotes from George Fox, Founder of the Quakers*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Roman Catholicism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; The Second Vatican Council*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Seventh-day Adventists – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Seventh-day Adventist: What's in a Name?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – Unitarianism and Universalism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Evolution of a Unitarian Martyr*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Christianity – United Church of Christ – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; From the Preamble, UCC Constitution*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Colombia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 81%; Other Christian – 10%; Evangelical – 3.5%; Other – 3.6%; Nonreligious – 1.9%);
    • Colombia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Colombia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Comoros – Country overview*; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 98%; Other – 2%);
    • Comoros – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Comoros – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Confucianism – Overview**; History***; Ru*; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Is Confucianism a Religion?*; Major theologians and authors***; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Confucian Civil Religion**; Bibliography**;
    • Confucianism – Glossary – De*; Five Scriptures*; Four Books*; Haoxue*; Jingzuo*; Li (cosmic ordering principle)*; Li (norms for human interactions)*; Liangzhi*; Lixue*; Neisheng waiwang*; Qi*; Ren*; Renzheng*; Renyu*; Tao (Dao)*; Three Bonds*; Tian*; Tianli*; Tianming*; Xin*; Xing*; Xinxue*; Yi*;
  • Costa Rica – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 70.1%; Protestant – 18%; Other religions – 1.8%; Nonreligious – 10.1%);
    • Costa Rica – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Costa Rica – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Côte d'Ivoire – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; African indigenous beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 38.5%; African indigenous – 31.5%; Roman Catholic – 19.5%; Protestant – 6%; Harrist – 1.5%; Other Christian – 3.0%);
    • Côte d'Ivoire – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Côte d'Ivoire – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Côte d'Ivoire – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Croatia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 87.83%; Eastern Orthodox – 4.42%; Other Christian – 0.58%; Other – 1.4%; Agnostic, undeclared, not religious, or unknown – 5.77%);
    • Croatia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Croatia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cuba – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 47%; Protestant – 4%; Santeria (Afro-Cuban religions) – 2%; Jewish – 0.01%; No stated religious affiliation – 46.99%);
    • Cuba – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Cuba – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Cyprus – Country overview*; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox Christian – 78%; Sunni Muslim – 18%; Other – 4%);
    • Cyprus – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Cyprus – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Czech Republic – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 26.3%; Czech Evangelical Church of the Brethren – 1.3%; Czechoslovak Hussite Church – 0.9%; Other religions (including Jewish, Buddhist, Muslim) – 3.1%; Unknown – 10.1%; Without religious affiliation – 58.3%);
    • Czech Republic – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Czech Republic – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Country overview**; Christianity; African indigenous beliefs**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 43%; Protestant – 22%; Independent Christian (including Kimbanguist church) – 30%; Muslim – 1.5%; Traditional – 3.5%);
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Democratic Republic of the Congo – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Denmark – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 86%; Muslim – 1.9%; Other – 2.1%; Nonaffiliated – 10%);
    • Denmark – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Denmark – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Djibouti – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 94%; Christian – 6%);
    • Djibouti – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Djibouti – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Dominica – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 70.0%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.7%; Pentecostal – 4.3%; Methodist – 4.2%; Baptist – 2.8%; Anglican – 0.7%; Other (including Bahai, Muslim, Rastafarian) – 13.3%);
    • Dominica – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Dominica – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Dominican Republic – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 89.3%; Protestant – 8.1%; Other – 2.6%);
    • Dominican Republic – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Dominican Republic – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • East Timor – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 94.6%; Other – 5.4%);
    • East Timor – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • East Timor – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ecuador – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 87%; Protestant – 10%; Nonreligious – 2%; Other – 1%);
    • Ecuador – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ecuador – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Egypt – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 90%; Copt – 9%; Other (Anglican, Armenian, Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Jewish, Maronite, Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Syrian Catholic – 1.0%);
    • Egypt – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Egypt – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • El Salvador – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 56.7%; Protestant – 17.8%; Nondeclared – 23.2%; Other – 2.3%);
    • El Salvador – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • El Salvador – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers**; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Equatorial Guinea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 80%; Protestant – 5%; Muslim – 4.1%; African traditional – 3.4%; Animist – 2.1%; Bahai – 0.5%; Nonreligious – 4.9%);
    • Equatorial Guinea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Equatorial Guinea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Eritrea – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Orthodox Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 50%; Orthodox Christian (Tewahedo) – 40%; Eastern Catholic (Eastern Rite) and Roman Catholic – 5.5%; Protestant – 2.4%; African indigenous beliefs – 1%; Seventh-day Adventist – 0.5%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.5%; Other (Buddhist, Hindu, Bahai) – 0.1%);
    • Eritrea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Eritrea – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Eritrea – Orthodox Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Estonia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Lutheran – 14.0%; Orthodox church – 13.0%; Other Christian – 1.4%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.3%; Muslim – 0.1% Animist – 0.1%; Atheist – 6.1%; Other religions – 0.2%; Religiously indifferent or undetermined – 64.8%);
    • Estonia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Estonia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ethiopia – Country overview**; Ethiopian Orthodox Church***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Ethiopian Orthodox Church – 48%; Islam – 34%; Evangelical/Charismatic – 12%; Neo-charismatic – 0.5%; Roman Catholic – 1.5%; Indigenous religions – 4%);
    • Ethiopia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ethiopia – Ethiopian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Ethiopia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Fiji – Country overview**; Christianity***; Hinduism***; Other religions*; Reference*; (Christian – 54.9%; Hindu – 36.6%; Muslim – 7.7%; Other – 0.8%);
    • Fiji – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Fiji – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Fiji – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Finland – Country overview**; Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 84.9%; Orthodox Christian – 1.1%; Pentecostal – 1.1%; Other – 1.1%; Nonaffiliated – 11.9%);
    • Finland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Finland – Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • France – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions; Bibliography; (Roman Catholic – 85%; Muslim – 5%; Protestant – 2%; Jewish – 1%; Other (Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism) – 2%; Unaffiliated – 5%);
    • France – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • France – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Gabon – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 90.6%; Muslim – 4.6%; African indigenous beliefs – 3.1%; Nonreligious – 1.1%; Other – 0.6%);
    • Gabon – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Gabon – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Gambia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Islam – 90%; Christian – 9%; African indigenous beliefs – 1%);
    • Gambia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Gambia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Georgia – Country overview**; Georgian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Georgian Orthodox – 70%; Muslim – 10%; Armenian Apostolic – 8%; Russian Orthodox – 5%; Other – 7%);
    • Georgia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Georgia – Georgian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Germany – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 34.8%; Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) – 34.4%; Evangelical free churches – 1.8%; Other Christian – 1.8%; Other religions – 3.2%; No religious affiliation – 24.0%);
    • Germany – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Germany – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Ghana – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 16%; Roman Catholic – 15%; African independent churches – 14%; Presbyterian – 12%; African indigenous beliefs – 21%; Pentecostal – 8%; Methodist – 7%; Other – 7%);
    • Ghana – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Ghana – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Greece – Country overview**; Greek Orthodox Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox – 97%; Muslim – 1.3%; Roman Catholic – 0.6%; Protestant – 0.2%l Jewish – 0.05%; Other – 0.85%);
    • Greece – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Greece – Greek Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Grenada – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 54.3%; Anglican – 20%; Other – 25.7%);
    • Grenada – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Grenada – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guatemala – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Maya spirituality***; Evangelicalism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 51%; Maya spirituality – 24%; Evangelical – 24%; Other – 1%);
    • Guatemala – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guatemala – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guatemala – Maya spirituality – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guatemala – Evangelicalism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guinea – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85%; Christian – 10%; Other – 5%);
    • Guinea – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guinea – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Guinea-Bissau – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (African indigenous beliefs – 65%; Islam – 30%; Christianity (Roman Catholic and Protestant) – 5%);
    • Guinea-Bissau – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guinea-Bissau – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guinea-Bissau – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Guyana – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Protestantism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 35.0%; Anglican – 13.8%; Roman Catholic – 10.0%; Islam – 8.0%; Pentecostal – 7.5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4.5%; Methodist – 2.6%; Other Christian – 4.5%; Not stated/other – 11.0%; None – 3.1%);
    • Guyana – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Guyana – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Guyana – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Haiti – Country overview**; Vodou***; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Vodouist – 80%; Christian (Roman Catholic, Protestant) – 93%; Other (Jewish, Santerian, Rastafarian, Mormon) – 7%);
    • Haiti – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Haiti – Vodou – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Haiti – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Hinduism – Overview**; History***; Om*; Central doctrines***; Glossary***; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books***; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; The Tilaka and Religious Affiliation*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Women's Contribution to the Hindu Tradition*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Shaivism***; Vaishnavism***;
    • Hinduism – Glossary – Acharya*; Ashrama*; Atman*; Ayurveda*; Bhagavad Gita*; Bhakti*; Brahma*; Brahman (supreme being)*; Brahman (caste)*; Caste*; Deva*; Devi*; Dharma*; Dharma Sastra*; Durga*; Ganesha*; Goddess*; Gotra*; Guru*; Jati*; Karma*; Krishna*; Kundalini*; Lakshmi*; Mahabharata*; Mandala*; Mantra*; Moksha*; Parvati*; Puja*; Purana*; Ramayana*; Samadhi*; Samsara*; Sanatana dharma*; Shakti*; Sanskrit*; Shiva*; Smriti*; Sruti*; Swami*; Tamil*; Tantra*; Upadesa*; Upanishad*; Vaishnava*; Varna*; Varna-ashrama dharma*; Veda*; Vedanta*; Vishnu*; Yoga*; Yuga*;
    • Hinduism – Shaivism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Shaivite Tantra**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Hinduism – Vaishnavism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; Vaishnava Theology*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Honduras – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 86%; Protestant – 11%; Spiritist – 1%; Bahai – 0.5%; Nonreligious and other – 1.5%);
    • Honduras – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Honduras – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Hungary – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 51.9%; Reformed – 15.9%; Lutheran – 3.0%; Greek Catholic – 2.6%; Nonreligious – 25.4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Hungary – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Hungary – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Iceland – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – 86.6%; Other Evangelical Lutheran – 4.3%; Roman Catholic – 1.8%; Other Protestant (Pentecostal, Seventh-day Adventist, Other) – 1.3%; Mormon – 0.2%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.2%; Orthodox (Russian and Serbian) – 0.1%; Other (Buddhist, Muslim, Bahai, Asa) – 0.6%; Not registered – 4.9%;
    • Iceland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Iceland – Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • India – Country overview**; Hinduism***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 80%; Muslim – 14%; Christian – 2.4%; Sikh – 2%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Jain – 0.5%; Other – 0.4%);
    • India – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • India – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • India – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Indonesia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88.8%; Protestant – 5%; Catholic – 2.9%; Hindu – 2.4%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Other – 0.2%);
    • Indonesia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Indonesia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Iran – Country overview**; Shia Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Islam – 91%; Sunni Muslim – 7.8%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Iran – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Iran – Shia Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Iraq – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Islam – 55%; Sunni Islam – 40%; Christian and other – 5%);
    • Iraq – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Iraq – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Ireland – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Anglican (Church of Ireland) – 2.7%; Presbyterian – 0.75%; Methodist – 0.13%; Jewish, Muslim, and other – 6.42%);
    • Ireland – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ireland – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Islam – Overview***; Crescent Moon and Star*; History**; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; Islamic Law**; Moral code of conduct***; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Major theologians and authors***; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Sunnis and Shiites**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Shiism***; Sunnism***;
    • Islam – Glossary – Al-hajj (al-hajji)*; Allah*; Caliph*; Dawa*; Dhimmi*; Dua*; Fast of Ramadan*; Fatwa*; Five Pillars of Islam*; Ghusl*; Hadith*; Hajj*; Halal*; Hijab*; Hijra (Hegira)*; Imam*; Islam (submission)*; Jihad*; Jizya*; Juma*; Kaaba*; Koran (Quran)*; Madrasah*; Masjid*; Mihrab*; Millet*; Minbar*; People of the Book*; Riba*; Sadaqah*; Salat*; Shahadah*; Shariah*; Shiite*; Sufi*; Sunnah*; Sunni*; Surah*; Tawhid*; Ulama*; Ummah*; Wali*; Wudu*; Zakat*;
    • Islam – Shiism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; The Love for ahl al-bayt**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Seveners and Fivers**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**; Bibliography*;
    • Islam – Sunnism – Overview**; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; The Ideal Leader of an Islamic State*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Israel – Country overview**; Judaism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Jewish – 80.1%; Muslim – 14.6%; Christian – 2.1%; Other – 3.2%);
    • Israel – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Israel – Judaism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Italy – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 98%; Other – 2%);
    • Italy – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Italy – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Jainism – Overview**; History***; Universal Jain Symbol*; Central doctrines***; Preponderance of Nuns over Monks**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Glossary***; Membership*; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; A Narrative of Jain Values**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Jainism – Glossary – Acharya*; Ahimsa*; Anekant*; Aryika*; Brahmacarya*; Dashalakshanaparvan*; Digambara*; Diksha*; Jina*; Jiva*; Karma*; Mahavira Jayanti*; Moksha*; Muhapatti*; Muni*; Murtipujak*; Namaskar Mantra*; Nigoda*; Paryushan*; Puja*; Purvas*; Sallekhana*; Samsara*; Sati*; Shvetambara*; Sthanakwasi*; Svastika*; Tap (Tapas; Tapasya)*; Tattva*; Tattvartha Sutra*; Terapanthi*; Three jewels*;
  • Jamaica – Country overview**; Pentecostalism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Pentecostal – 33.29%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.84%; Baptist – 7.27%; Anglican – 3.6%; Rastafarian – 0.93%; Other – 23.12%; Nonreligious – 20.95%);
    • Jamaica – Country overview – Introduction **; Religious tolerance*;
    • Jamaica – Pentecostalism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Japan – Country overview**; Shinto***; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shintoist and/or Buddhist – 90%; “new religions” – ~10%; Other – ~1%);
    • Japan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Japan – Shinto – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Japan – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Jordan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 93%; Christian – 5.5%; Shiite Muslim – 1%; Druze – 0.3%; Bahai – 0.2%);
    • Jordan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Jordan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Judaism – Overview**; History***; The Menorah*; Glossary***; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols**; Early and modern leaders***; Major theologians and authors***; Contemporary Midrash*; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Two Israeli Holidays*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership**; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**; Conservative Judaism***; Orthodox Judaism***; Reform Judaism***;
    • Judaism – Glossary – Aggadah*; Ashkenazim*; Bar mitzvah (son of commandment)*; Brit Milah*; Conservative Judaism*; Diaspora*; Haggadah*; Halakhah*; Hasidism*; Kabbalah*; Kasruth*; Midrash*; Mishnah*; Orthodox Judaism*; Passover (Pesach)*; Prophets (Nevi'im)*; Reconstructionist Judaism*; Reform Judaism*; Rosh Hashanah*; Sanhedrin*; Sephardim*; Shabuoth (Feast of Weeks)*; Talmud*; Tanakh*; Torah (Pentateuch; Law)*; Writings (Ketuvim; Hagiographa)*; Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)*;
    • Judaism – Conservative Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; The Masorti Movement in Israel*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Judaism – Orthodox Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Thirteen Principles of Belief*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Judaism – Reform Judaism – Overview*; History**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct*; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; The Platform of Reform Judaism**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
  • Kazakhstan – Country overview**; Islam***; Eastern Orthodoxy**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 63%; Orthodox Christian – 32%; Catholic – 3%; Protestant – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Kazakhstan – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kazakhstan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Kazakhstan – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kenya – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 66%; African traditional beliefs – 28.7%; Muslim – 5%; Other – 0.3%);
    • Kenya – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Kenya – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Kenya – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kiribati – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Kiribati Protestant Church**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 53.5%; Kiribati Protestant – 39.2%; Baha'i – 2.4%; Seventh-day Adventist – 1.9%; Mormon – 1.7%; Church of God, Assembly of God – 1.3%);
    • Kiribati – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kiribati – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Kiribati – Kiribati Protestant Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Kuwait – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 59.5%; Shiite Muslim – 25.5%; Buddhist, Catholic, Protestant, Sikh and other – 15%);
    • Kuwait – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Kuwait – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**;
  • Kyrgyzstan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85%; Christian – 13%; Other – 2%);
    • Kyrgyzstan – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Kyrgyzstan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Laos – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Theravada Buddhist – 60%; Christian (Roman Catholic, Lao Evangelical Church, Seventh-day Adventist) – 2-3%; Other (Hindu, Bahai, Chinese religions, Muslim, Mahayana Buddhist, as well as indigenous religions involving spirit beliefs and/or ancestor worship among the Tai Dam, Khmu, Hmong, Mien, Lao Huay, etc.) – 37-38%);
    • Laos – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Laos – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Latvia – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 26.4%; Roman Catholic – 17.3%; Orthodox – 8.7%; Jewish – 0.02%; Other, including unaffiliated – 47.58%);
    • Latvia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Latvia – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lebanon – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Shiite Muslim – 41%; Sunni Muslim – 27%; Maronite – 18%; Druze – 7%; Greek Orthodox – 5%; Greek Catholic – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Lebanon – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lebanon – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lesotho – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Catholic – 50%; Evangelical – 25%; Anglican – 10%; African indigenous beliefs – 9%; Other Protestant – 5%; Muslim, Bahai, and other – 1%);
    • Lesotho – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lesotho – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Liberia – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian (Lutheran, Baptist, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, United Methodist, African Methodist Episcopal, AME Zion) – 40%; African traditional beliefs – 40%; Muslim – 20%);
    • Liberia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Liberia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Liberia – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Libya – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 98%; Christian – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Libya – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Libya – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Liechtenstein – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 78%; Protestant – 8%; Muslim – 5%; Eastern Orthodox – 1%; Not religious – 3%; Other or no answer – 5%);
    • Liechtenstein – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Liechtenstein – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Lithuania – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 72.6%; Orthodox Christian – 6.5%; Protestant – 1.6%; Muslim – 0.1%; Jewish – 0.1%; Ethnoreloigious – 0.1%; Unaffiliated – 19%);
    • Lithuania – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Lithuania – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Luxembourg – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 65.9%; Protestant – 1.2%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.8%; Muslim – 0.7%; Jewish – 0.5%; Orthodox Christian – 0.5%; Other – 0.9%; Nonreligious – 29.5%);
    • Luxembourg – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Luxembourg – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Macedonia – Country overview**; Macedonian Orthodox Church***; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Macedonian Orthodox – 66.3%; Muslim – 30%; Serbian Orthodox – 1.9%; Roman Catholic – 0.5%; Greek Catholic – 0.3%; Protestant – 0.3%; Atheist – 0.3%; Other – 0.4%);
    • Macedonia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Macedonia – Macedonian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Macedonia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Madagascar – Country overview**; Christianity***; Traditional religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 48%; Traditional religion – 46%; Muslim – 5,4%; Other – 0.6%);
    • Madagascar – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Madagascar – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
    • Madagascar – Traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Malawi – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 29%; Presbyterian – 25%; Muslim – 13%; Pentecostal/Charismatic – 8%; Anglican – 6%; African initiated churches – 5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4%; Baptist – 3%; Other (African indigenous beliefs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Bahai, Rastafarian) – 3%; Nonreligious – 4%);
    • Malawi – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malawi – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Malaysia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 61%; Buddhist – 19%; Christian – 9%; Hindu – 6%; Chinese religions – 3%; Other – 2%);
    • Malaysia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malaysia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Maldives – Country overview**; Sunni Islam; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Islam – 100%);
    • Maldives – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Maldives – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mali – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 85-90%; African indigenous beliefs – 8-10%; Christian – 1-2%);
    • Mali – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mali – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Malta – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 97.7%; Protestant – 1.0%; Other – 1.3%);
    • Malta – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Malta – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Marshall Islands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christianity – 90%; Other – 10%);
    • Marshall Islands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Marshall Islands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mauritania – Country overview*; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 100%);
    • Mauritania – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mauritania – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mauritius – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 52%; Roman Catholic – 26%; Muslim – 16.6%; Protestant – 2.3%; Other – 3.1%);
    • Mauritius – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mauritius – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Mauritius – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mexico – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 88.0%; Protestant – 5.8%; Nonreligious – 4.3%; Other – 1.9%);
    • Mexico – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mexico – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Micronesia – Country overview**; Christianity; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 98.5%; Other – 1.5%);
    • Micronesia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Micronesia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Moldova – Country overview**; Moldavian Orthodox Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Christian – 83.8%; Other Christian – 4.2%; Jewish – 0.8%; Other – 1.0%; Nonreligious – 10.2%);
    • Moldova – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Moldova – Moldavian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Monaco – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Other – 10%);
    • Monaco – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Monaco – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mongolia – Country overview**; Tibetan Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Tibetan Buddhist – 96%; Other (Bahai, Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Muslim, Shamanist) – 4%);
    • Mongolia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mongolia – Tibetan Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Morocco – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 98.7%; Christian – 1.1%; Jewish – 0.2%);
    • Morocco – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Morocco – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Mozambique – Country overview**; African indigenous beliefs***; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography**; (African indigenous beliefs – 49.5%; Christian – 30%; Muslim – 20%; Hindu – 0.5%);
    • Mozambique – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Mozambique – African indigenous beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Mozambique – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Myanmar – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 87.2%; Christian – 5.6%; Muslim – 3.6%; Hindu – 1.0%; Other – 2.6%);
    • Myanmar – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Myanmar – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Namibia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Lutheran – 44%; African indigenous beliefs – 20%; Roman Catholic – 18%; Dutch Reformed – 4%; Anglican – 4%; Muslim – 3%; Other (African Methodist Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Mormon, Jewish, Hindu, Bahai) – 7%);
    • Namibia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Namibia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nauru – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 84%; Buddhist – 15%; Other – 1%);
    • Nauru – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nauru – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nepal – Country overview**; Hinduism***; Buddhism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 81%; Buddhist – 11%; Other (Baha'i, Christian, Muslim, Jain, Sikh) – 8%);
    • Nepal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nepal – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Nepal – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Netherlands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 31%; Protestant – 21%; Muslim – 5.3%; Other – 2.7%; Nonreligious – 40%);
    • Netherlands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Netherlands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • New Zealand – Country overview**; Christianity; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 17%; Protestant – 21%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Maori Christian (Ratana and Ringatu) – 1.5%; Other Christian – 5%; Buddhist – 1%; Hindu – 1%; Islam - 0.5%; Other – 1%; Nonreligious – 37%);
    • New Zealand – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • New Zealand – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nicaragua – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 75.9%; Protestant – 18.7%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.4%; Other – 4.0%);
    • Nicaragua – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nicaragua – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Niger – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 86%; African indigenous beliefs – 11%; Christian and other – 1%);
    • Niger – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Niger – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Nigeria – Country overview**; Islam***; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 50%; Christian – 40%; Traditional – 10%);
    • Nigeria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Nigeria – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Nigeria – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • North Korea – Country overview**; Juche***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Juche – 20-70%; Chendogyo, Buddhist, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Folk religionist) - >0.2%); Nonreligious – 20-70%);
    • North Korea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • North Korea – Juche – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Norway – Country overview**; Evangelical Lutheranism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Evangelical Lutheran – 86%; Other Protestant – 2%; Roman Catholic – 1%; Other religions (including Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist) – 2%; None – 9%);
    • Norway – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Norway – Evangelical Lutheranism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Oman – Country overview**; Ibadi Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Ibadi Islam – 75%; Other (Sunni and Shia Islam; Hindu) – 25%);
    • Oman – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Oman – Ibadi Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices**; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Pakistan – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 81%; Shia Muslim – 15%; Hindu – 2.02%; Christian – 1.63%; Other – 0.35%);
    • Pakistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Pakistan – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Palau – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 42%; Evangelical – 22%; Modekngei – 9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 6%; Other – 6%; Unknown or no religious affiliation – 15%);
    • Palau – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Palau – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Panama – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 78%; Protestant – 12%; Muslim – 4.4%; Bahai – 1.2%; Buddhist – 0.8%; Indigenous – 0.7%; Other – 2.9%);
    • Panama – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Panama – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Papua New Guinea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 27.1%; Evangelical Lutheran – 19.5%; United Church – 11.5%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.1%; Pentecostal – 8.6%; Evangelical Alliance – 5.2%; Anglican – 3.2%; Baptist – 2.5%; Other Christian – 8.1%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 0.4%; Mormon – 0.4%; Other religion (Buddhist, Muslim, etc.) - 0.3%; Bahai – 0.3%; Not stated – 2.0%);
    • Papua New Guinea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Papua New Guinea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Paraguay – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89.5%; Protestant – 6.0%; Other – 2.0%; Nonreligious – 2.5%)
    • Paraguay – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Paraguay – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Peru – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 90%; Protestant (Anglican, Methodist, Evangelical Christian) – 8%; Other – 2%);
    • Peru – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Peru – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Philippines – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholicism – 80%; Protestant – 10%; Muslim – 5%; Other – 5%);
    • Philippines – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Philippines – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Poland – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 93%; Other Catholic – 0.5%; Orthodox Christian – 1.3%; Nonreligious – 4%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Poland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Poland – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Portugal – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89%; Protestant – 4%; Other Christian – 3%; Other – 1%; None – 3%);
    • Portugal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Portugal – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Qatar – Country overview**; Islam**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim (predominantly Sunni with some Shiite) – 92-95%; Other (Christian, Hindu, Bahai) – 5-8%);
    • Qatar – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Qatar – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Republic of the Congo – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional religions***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 50%; African traditional religions – 48%; Muslim – 0.8%; Other – 1.2%);
    • Republic of the Congo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Republic of the Congo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Republic of the Congo – African traditional religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Romania – Country overview**; Romanian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Church – 86.7%; Roman Catholic – 4.7%; Reformed – 3.2%; Pentecostal – 1.5%; Greek Catholic – 0.9%; Baptist – 0.6%; Seventh-day Adventist – 0.4%; Unitarian – 0.3%; Muslim – 0.3%; Christian of Old Rite – 0.2%; Christian according to the Gospels – 0.2%; Other – 1.0%);
    • Romania – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Romania – Romanian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Russia – Country overview**; Russian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Orthodox Christian – 33.0-40.0%; Muslim – 8.0-10.0%; Buddhist – 0.7%; Jewish – 0.7%; Protestant – 0.7%; Roman Catholic – 0.2%; Other - >1.0%; Nonreligious – 46.7-55.7%);
    • Russia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Russia – Russian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Rwanda – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 65%; African traditional religions – 23%; Protestant – 10%; Muslim – 1%; Other – 1%);
    • Rwanda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Rwanda – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview**; Anglicanism***; Methodism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglicanism – 27.5%; Methodist – 25.3%; Moravian – 7.3%; Roman Catholic – 6.9%; Pentecostal – 5.5%; Church of God – 4.3%; Baptist – 3.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 3.5%; Wesleyan Holiness – 2.7%; Brethren – 1.8%; Rastafarian – 0.7%; Hindu – 0.4%; Salvation Army – 0.1%; Muslim – 0.1%; Other – 4.1%; Undesignated – 5.9%);
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Saint Kitts and Nevis – Methodism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Lucia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 79%; Seventh-day Adventist – 7%; Pentecostalist – 3%; Anglican – 2%; Other – 9%);
    • Saint Lucia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Lucia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview**; Anglicanism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 17.75%; Pentecostal – 17.6%; Methodist – 10.9%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10.2%; Spiritual Baptist – 9.95%; Roman Catholic – 7.45%; Other (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Hindu, Jehovah's Witnesses, Bahai, and those with no religious affiliation) – 26.15%);
    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Anglicanism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Samoa – Country overview**; Congregational Christian Church in Samoa***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Congregationalist – 34.7%; Roman Catholic – 19.7%; Methodist – 15.0%; Mormon – 12.7%; Other – 17.9%%);
    • Samoa – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Samoa – Congregational Christian Church in Samoa – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • San Marino – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 99%; Other – 1%);
    • San Marino – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • San Marino – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 89.5%; Other Christian – 6.3%; Bahai – 2.1%; African traditional – 1.1%; Nonreligious – 1.0%);
    • São Tomé and Príncipe – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • São Tomé and Príncipe – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Saudi Arabia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Islam – 95.5-96.5%; Shia Muslim – 1-2%; Christian – 2.5%);
    • Saudi Arabia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Saudi Arabia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Senegal – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 94%; Roman Catholic – 4.9%; African traditional religions – 1%; Protestant – 0.1%);
    • Senegal – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Senegal – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview**; Serbian Orthodox Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Serbian Orthodox Church – 68%; Muslim – 20%; Roman Catholic – 5%; Protestant – 2%; Other – 5%);
    • Serbia and Montenegro – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Serbia and Montenegro – Serbian Orthodox Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact**;
  • Seychelles – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christianity – 95.9%; Other – 4.1%);
    • Seychelles – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Seychelles – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Shinto – Overview*; History***; Torii*; Glossary**; Central doctrines*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; What Is a Kami?*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals**; Is Shinto a Religion?*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography**;
    • Shinto – Glossary – Amaterasu*; Arahitogami*; Fukko Shintō*; Gon-gūji*; Goryō*; Gūji*; Hachiman*; Harae*; Himorogi*; Hitogami*; Honji-suijaku*; Iwasaka*; Kagura*; Kami*; Kannushi*; Kegare*; Ki*; Kokugaku*; Kojiki*; Kokoro*; Man'yōshū*; Marebito*; Matsuri*; Miko*; Nihon shoki*; Negi*; Norito*; Oni*; Ubasoku (Hijiri)*; Yuitsu genpon sōgen shintō*; Shinjin goitsu*; Shintai*; Torii*;
  • Sierra Leone – Country overview**; Islam***; African traditional religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 60%; African traditional religion – 30%; Christian – 10%);
    • Sierra Leone – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sierra Leone – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Sierra Leone – African traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sikhism – Overview**; History***; Khanda*; Glossary**; Central doctrines***; The Adi Granth*; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Major Subgroups of Sikhs**; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Religious tolerance**; Social justice**; Social aspects**; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Sikhism – Glossary – Adi Granth*; Akal Purakh*; Amrit*; Dan*; Granthi*; Gurdwara*; Gurmukh*; Guru*; Guru Granth (Guru Granth Sahib)*; Guru Panth*; Hukam*; Ishnan*; Janam-sakhi*; Karah prashad*; Karma*; Katha*; Kaur*; Khalsa*; Kirpan*; Kirtan*; Langar*; Nam*; Panth*; Pati*; Rahit*; Sangat*; Sansar*; Shabad*; Sikh*; Sikh Panth*; Sikh Rahit Maryada*; Singh*; Vak*;
  • Singapore – Country overview**; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 42.5%; Muslim – 15%; Nonreligious – 15%; Christian – 14.5%; Taoist – 8.5%; Hindu – 4%; Other – 0.5%);
    • Singapore – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Singapore – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Slovakia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 68.9%; Evangelical (Lutheran) – 6.9%; Greek Catholic – 4.1%; Reformed – 2.0%; Not affiliated – 13.0%; Other – 5.1%);
    • Slovakia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Slovakia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Slovenia – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 57.8%; Refused to answer – 15.7%; Atheist – 10.1%; Unknown – 7.1%; Nonconfessional believers – 3.5%; Muslim – 2.4%; Orthodox – 2.3%; Protestant – 0.9%; Other – 0.2%);
    • Slovenia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Slovenia – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Solomon Islands – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Anglican – 34%; Roman Catholic – 19%; South Sea Evangelical (Baptist) – 17%; United Church of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands – 11%; Seventh-day Adventist – 10%; Other Protestant – 5%; Traditionalist – 4%);
    • Solomon Islands – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Solomon Islands – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Somalia – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 99.96%; Christian – 0.04%);
    • Somalia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Somalia – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • South Africa – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Christian – 74.1%; Traditional – 18.3%; Muslim – 1.4%; Hindu – 1.3%; Jewish – 0.2%; Other – 4.7%);
    • South Africa – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • South Africa – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • South Korea – Country overview**; Christianity***; Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 24.2%; Buddhist – 23.3%; Confucianist – 1.0%; Shamanist – 1.0%; Wonbulgyo – 0.3%; Chendogyo – 0.2%; Other religions (including Daejonggyo, Taoist, Eastern Orthodox Christian, Muslim, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormon, Jeondogwan, Unification Church, Soka Gakkai, and Tenrikyo) – 3.0%; Nonreligious – 47.0%);
    • South Korea – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • South Korea – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • South Korea – Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Spain – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 82.1%; Other – 2.0%; None – 14.6%; Unknown – 1.3%);
    • Spain – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Spain – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sri Lanka – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 69%; Hindu – 15%; Christian – 8%; Muslim – 7%; Other – 1%);
    • Sri Lanka – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sri Lanka – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sudan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 70%; African traditional religions – 18-20%; Christian – 10-12%);
    • Sudan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sudan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Suriname – Country overview**; Hinduism**; Protestantism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Hindu – 27.4%; Protestant – 25.2%; Roman Catholic – 22.8%; Muslim – 19.6%; Other – 5%);
    • Suriname – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Suriname – Hinduism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Suriname – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Swaziland – Country overview**; Christianity***; Swazi traditional religion***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 66%; Swazi traditional religion – 33%; Other (Baha'i and Muslim) – 1%);
    • Swaziland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Swaziland – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Swaziland – Swazi traditional religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Sweden – Country overview*; Church of Sweden***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Church of Sweden – 84%; Other Christian – 5.2%; Islam – 2%; Other – 8.8%);
    • Sweden – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Sweden – Church of Sweden – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Switzerland – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 79.3%; Muslim – 4.3%; Hindu – 0.4%; Buddhist – 0.3%; Jewish – 0.2%; Other – 0.1%; Nonreligious – 11.1%; No indication – 4.3%);
    • Switzerland – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Switzerland – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Syria – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 74%; Alawite – 12%; Christian – 10%; Druze – 3%; Other – 1%);
    • Syria – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Syria – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Taiwan – Country overview**; Chinese religion***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Chinese religion (Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, and Chinese folk religion) – 89.1%; I-kuan Tao – 3.9%; Protestant – 2.6%; Roman Catholic – 1.3%; Other – 3.1%);
    • Taiwan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Taiwan – Chinese religion – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tajikistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Islam – 95%; Other – 5%);
    • Tajikistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Tajikistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tanzania – Country overview**; Christianity***; Islam**; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Christian – 40%; Muslim – 39%; African traditional religions – 20%; Other (Hindu, Sikh) – 1%);
    • Tanzania – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tanzania – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Tanzania – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Tanzania – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Taoism – Overview**; Yin yang*; History***; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Glossary***; Sacred books*; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Organizational structure*; “Northern Taoism” and “Southern Taoism”*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*; Bibliography*;
    • Taoism – Glossary – "Celestial Masters" tradition (T'ien-shih)*; Chen*; Chen-jen*; Cheng-i*; Ch'i*; Chiao*; Chai*; Ch'i-kung (Qigong)*; Chin dynasty*; Chin-tan*; Ch'ing dynasty*; Ching*; Ching-ming*; Ch'ing-wei*; Ch'uan-ch'i*; Chuang-tzu*; Ch'üan-chen*; Classical China*; "Dragon Gate" tradition (Lung-men)*; Han dynasty*; Hsiang-erh*; Hsin*; Hsing*; Hsiu chen*; Hsiu-lien*; Hsiu tao*; Inner Alchemy*; Jurchen*; Kuan*; Lao-tzu*; Legalism*; Libationers*; Lien-shih*; Linbg-pao*; Meng-wei*; Ming*; Ming dynasty*; Mongols*; Nei-tan*; Nei-yeh*; Neo-Confucianism*; Northern Sung dynasty*; “Northern Taoism”*; Shan*; Shang-ch'ing*; Shen*; Shen-hsien*; “Southern Taoism”*; Sung dynasty*; T'ai-ch'ing*; T'ai-p'ing ching*; T'ai-p'ing*; T'ang dynasty*; Tao*; Tao-chiao*; Taoism*; Tao-shih*; Tao te ching*; Tao-tsang*; T'ien-shih*; Wai-tan*; Wu-wei*;
  • Thailand – Country overview**; Theravada Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 90%; Muslim – 3%; Christian – 0.5%; Hindu – 0.1%; Other – 6.4%);
    • Thailand – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Thailand – Theravada Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?**; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Togo – Country overview**; Christianity***; Vodun***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Vodun (Voodoo) – 27%; Roman Catholic – 24%; Sunni Muslim – 12%; Protestant – 8%; African Independent churches – 1%; Other African indigenous religions – 28%);
    • Togo – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Togo – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • Togo – Vodun – Date of origin**; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tonga – Country overview**; Free Wesleyan Church***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Free Wesleyan Church – 35%; Roman Catholic – 15%; Mormon – 15%; Free Church of Tonga – 10%; Church of Tonga – 6%; Seventh-day Adventist – 4%: Tokaikolo Fellowship – 4%; Assemblies of God – 2%; Other – 10%);
    • Tonga – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tonga – Free Wesleyan Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 29.4%; Hindu – 23.8%; Anglican – 10.9%; Muslim – 5.8%; Presbyterian – 3.4%; Other – 26.7%);
    • Trinidad and Tobago – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Trinidad and Tobago – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tunisia – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 99.7%; Other – 0.3%);
    • Tunisia – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tunisia – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Turkey – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 84%; Alevi and other Muslim – 15%; Other (Armenian Catholic, Chaldean, Greek Catholic, Jacobite, Jewish, Protestant, Orthodox Christian, Roman Catholic) – 1%;
    • Turkey – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Turkey – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Turkmenistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 89%; Eastern Orthodox – 9%; Other – 2%);
    • Turkmenistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Turkmenistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Tuvalu – Country overview**; Tuvalu Christian Church***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Tuvalu Christian Church – 92%; Seventh-day Adventist – 2.4%; Bahai – 1.8%; Jehovah's Witnesses – 1.3%; Roman Catholic – 0.5%; Other – 2%);
    • Tuvalu – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Tuvalu – Tuvalu Christian Church – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uganda – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 78%; Muslim – 9%; African indigenous beliefs – 8%; African independent churches – 4%; Other – 1%);
    • Uganda – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Uganda – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Ukraine – Country overview**; Eastern Orthodoxy***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Eastern Orthodox Christian – 61%; Greek Catholic – 8%; Protestant – 3%; Roman Catholic – 1%; Muslim – 1%; Jewish – 0.6%; Slavic (Ukrainian) pagan – 0.2%; Hindu, Buddhist, and practitioners of other Eastern religions) – 0.1%; Other – 0.1%; Nonaffiliated – 25%);
    • Ukraine – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Ukraine – Eastern Orthodoxy – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact**; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United Arab Emirates – Country overview**; Sunni Islam***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 80%; Shiite Muslim – 16%; Other – 4%);
    • United Arab Emirates – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United Arab Emirates – Sunni Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress**; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage**; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United Kingdom – Country overview**; Church of England***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Anglican (including Church of England) – 39.4%; Roman Catholic – 12.5%; Presbyterian (including the Church of Scotland) – 5.5%; Other Christian – 8.2%; Muslim – 2.7%; Hindu – 1.0%; Sikh – 0.6%; Jewish – 0.5%; Buddhist – 0.3%; Other – 0.3%; No religion – 29.0%);
    • United Kingdom – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United Kingdom – Church of England – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • United States of America – Country overview**; Protestantism***; Roman Catholicism***; Native American religions***; Other religions***; Bibliography*; (Protestant – 52%; Roman Catholic – 24%; Jewish – 3%; Other (Other Christian, Native American religions, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, New religious movements, Shaker, Mormon, Seventh-day Adventist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Nonreligious) – 12%;
    • United States of America – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • United States of America – Protestantism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History***; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • United States of America – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
    • United States of America – Native American religions – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uruguay – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 64.8%; Atheist – 6.3%; Protestant – 3.3%; Jewish – 1.2%; Other and nonaffiliated – 24.4%);
    • Uruguay – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Uruguay – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History*; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Uzbekistan – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Muslim – 88%; Eastern Orthodox – 9%; Other - 3%);
    • Uzbekistan – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance**;
    • Uzbekistan – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vanuatu – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Presbyterian – 32%; Anglican – 14%; Roman Catholicism – 13%; Seventh-day Adventist – 11%; Church of Christ – 4%; Assemblies of God – 4%; Neil Thomas Ministries – 3%; Other – 11.4%; Indigenous beliefs – 7.6%);
    • Vanuatu – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vanuatu – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vatican City – Country overview**; Roman Catholicism**; Other religions*; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 100%);
    • Vatican City – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vatican City – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Venezuela – Country overview*; Roman Catholicism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Roman Catholic – 80%; Pentecostal – 5-7%; Other Protestant – 1%; Other religions – 12-14%);
    • Venezuela – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Venezuela – Roman Catholicism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership**; Social justice*; Social aspects**; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Vietnam – Country overview**; Mahayana Buddhism***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Buddhist – 84%; Christian – 10%; Cao Dai – 3%; Hoa Hao – 2%; Other – 1%);
    • Vietnam – Country overview – Introduction*; Religious tolerance*;
    • Vietnam – Mahayana Buddhism – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Yemen – Country overview**; Islam***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Sunni Muslim – 65%; Zaydi Shia Muslim – 34%; Ismaili Shia Muslim - >1%; Jewish - >1%; Christian - >1%; Hindu - >1%);
    • Yemen – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Yemen – Islam – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors**; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Zambia – Country overview**; Christianity***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 87.0%; Muslim – 0.4%; Hindu – 0.1%; Other – 7.2%; Nonreligious – 5.3%);
    • Zambia – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Zambia – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders**; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
  • Zimbabwe – Country overview**; Christianity***; African traditional beliefs***; Other religions**; Bibliography*; (Christian – 48.5%; African traditional religion – 47%; Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and other – 4.5%;
    • Zimbabwe – Country overview – Introduction**; Religious tolerance*;
    • Zimbabwe – Christianity – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact*;
    • Zimbabwe – African traditional beliefs – Date of origin*; Number of followers*; History**; Early and modern leaders*; Major theologians and authors*; Houses of worship and holy places*; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals*; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Social justice*; Social aspects*; Political impact*; Controversial issues*; Cultural impact*;
  • Zoroastrianism – Overview*; History***; The Guardian Spirit*; Glossary**; Central doctrines**; Moral code of conduct**; Sacred books**; Sacred symbols*; Early and modern leaders**; The Impact of Zoroastrianism on Major Religions*; Major theologians and authors**; Organizational structure*; Houses of worship and holy places**; What is sacred?*; Holidays and festivals**; Mode of dress*; Dietary practices*; Rituals**; The Diminishing Population of Zoroastrians*; Rites of passage*; Membership*; Religious tolerance*; Social justice**; Social aspects*; Controversial issues**; Cultural impact**; Bibliography**;
    • Zoroastrianism – Glossary – Achaemenian dynasty*; Afrinagan*; Ahura Mazda*; Amesha Spentas*; Angra Mainyu*; Asha*; Atashkadeh*; Avestan*; Barashnum*; Daeva*; Dakhma*; Dar-i Mihr*; Dastur*; Fasli*; Frashkard*; Gathic*; Getig*; Gahambar*; Gāthā*; Haoma*; Jashan*; Kusti*; Magi*; Pahlavi*; Parahom*; Parsi*; Qadimi*; Raspi*; Sadre*; Sasanian dynasty*; Spenta Mainyu*; Yasht*; Yasna*; Yazata*; Zaotar*; Zardushti*; Zoroaster*; Zoroastrianism*; Zot*;