Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. It also borders Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and Romania and Moldova to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian; Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.

During the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union when it was formed in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. The German occupation during World War II in Ukraine was devastating, with 7 million Ukrainian civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996. A series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, led to the establishment of a new government in 2014 after a revolution. Russia then unilaterally annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in the Donbas between Russian-backed separatists and government forces in eastern Ukraine. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Since the outbreak of war with Russia, Ukraine has continued to seek closer ties with the United States, European Union, and NATO.

Ukraine is a unitary state and its system of government is a semi-presidential republic. A developing country, it is the poorest country in Europe by nominal GDP per capita and corruption remains a significant issue. However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world. Nonetheless, Ukraine is a major middle power and possesses the fifth largest and one of the best-funded armed forces in the world. The Ukrainian Armed Forces also operates one of the largest and most diverse drone fleet in the world. It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, and the OSCE. It is in the process of joining the European Union and has applied to join NATO. (Full article...)

In the news

27 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
Hackers from the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine escalate "massive" cyberattacks on Russia's largest banks, prohibiting any cash or credit transactions. Cyberattacks also target Russian public transport systems, internet and mobile providers, and social networks. (Kyiv Post)
Russian forces capture the village of Lozovatske in Donetsk Oblast. (Anadolu Agency)
26 July 2024 – European Union–Russia relations, International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The European Union sends its first transfer of 1.5 billion (US$1.63 billion) in proceeds from frozen Russian assets to Ukraine for military and infrastructure support. The Kremlin denounces the transfer as "illegal" under international law and pledges legal retaliation. (AP) (Reuters)
25 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Fitch Ratings downgrades Ukraine's credit rating from "CC" to "C" due to the country's need to restructure US$20 billion in international bonds to foreign investors, increasing the country's risk of default. (Al Jazeera)
25 July 2024 –
A German man who is sentenced to death in Belarus for photographing Belarusian military sites in Ukraine urges Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko to pardon him in a television appearance. (DW)
24 July 2024 – Poland–Ukraine relations, Ukraine–European Union relations
Polish Defense Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz states that Poland will block Ukraine's bid to join the European Union if it doesn't resolve issues regarding Ukrainian nationalists' massacre of Poles during WWII, including finding and burying all victims killed on current Ukrainian territory. (The Kyiv Independent)
24 July 2024 –
Three Ukrainian soldiers are killed and four others are injured in a mass shooting after a dispute in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. (Al Arabiya)
23 July 2024 – Martial law in Ukraine, Mobilization in Ukraine
The Ukrainian parliament agrees to extend martial law and nationwide military mobilization for an additional 90 days beginning on August 12. (RFE/RL)
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Mariupol (UK: /ˌmæriˈpɒl/ MARR-ee-OO-pol, US: /ˌmɑːriˈpəl/ MAR-ee-OO-pəl; Ukrainian: Маріуполь [mɐr⁽ʲ⁾iˈupolʲ] ; Russian: Мариуполь, IPA: [mərʲɪˈupəlʲ]; Greek: Μαριούπολη, romanizedMarioúpoli) is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is situated on the northern coast (Pryazovia) of the Sea of Azov, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was the tenth-largest city in the country and the second-largest city in Donetsk Oblast, with an estimated population of 425,681 people in January 2022; Ukrainian authorities estimate the population of Mariupol at approximately 120,000. Mariupol has been occupied by Russian forces since May 2022.

Historically, the city of Mariupol was a centre for trade and manufacturing, and played a key role in the development of higher education and many businesses and also served as a coastal resort on the Sea of Azov. In 1948, Mariupol was renamed Zhdanov after Andrei Zhdanov, a native of the city who had become a high-ranking official of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and a close ally to Joseph Stalin. The name was part of a larger effort to rename cities after high-ranking political figures in the Soviet Union. The historic name was restored in 1989. (Full article...)
List of selected articles

In the news

27 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
Hackers from the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine escalate "massive" cyberattacks on Russia's largest banks, prohibiting any cash or credit transactions. Cyberattacks also target Russian public transport systems, internet and mobile providers, and social networks. (Kyiv Post)
Russian forces capture the village of Lozovatske in Donetsk Oblast. (Anadolu Agency)
26 July 2024 – European Union–Russia relations, International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The European Union sends its first transfer of 1.5 billion (US$1.63 billion) in proceeds from frozen Russian assets to Ukraine for military and infrastructure support. The Kremlin denounces the transfer as "illegal" under international law and pledges legal retaliation. (AP) (Reuters)
25 July 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Fitch Ratings downgrades Ukraine's credit rating from "CC" to "C" due to the country's need to restructure US$20 billion in international bonds to foreign investors, increasing the country's risk of default. (Al Jazeera)
25 July 2024 –
A German man who is sentenced to death in Belarus for photographing Belarusian military sites in Ukraine urges Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko to pardon him in a television appearance. (DW)
24 July 2024 – Poland–Ukraine relations, Ukraine–European Union relations
Polish Defense Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz states that Poland will block Ukraine's bid to join the European Union if it doesn't resolve issues regarding Ukrainian nationalists' massacre of Poles during WWII, including finding and burying all victims killed on current Ukrainian territory. (The Kyiv Independent)
24 July 2024 –
Three Ukrainian soldiers are killed and four others are injured in a mass shooting after a dispute in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine. (Al Arabiya)
23 July 2024 – Martial law in Ukraine, Mobilization in Ukraine
The Ukrainian parliament agrees to extend martial law and nationwide military mobilization for an additional 90 days beginning on August 12. (RFE/RL)

Selected anniversaries for July

A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.
A 1943 Soviet stamp commemorating Lyudmila Pavlichenko.

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