Portal:Turkey
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Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (
listen)), is a transcontinental country straddling Southeastern Europe and Western Asia. It is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran; southeast by Iraq; south by Syria and the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea. Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the country's largest city, while Ankara is the capital. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while the largest minority are Kurds at 20 percent.
One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neolithic sites, and was inhabited by various civilisations. Hellenization started in the area during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating in the 11th century, and the Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans started uniting the principalities and conquering the Balkans, and the Turkification of Anatolia increased during the Ottoman period. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of territories and wars. In an effort to consolidate the weakening empire, Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century. The 1913 coup d'état effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, who were largely responsible for the Empire's entry into World War I in 1914. During World War I, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. After the Ottomans and the other Central Powers lost the war, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned. The Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allied Powers resulted in the abolition of the sultanate in 1922, and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey; which became a secular, unitary, formerly parliamentary republic that adopted a presidential system.
Turkey is a regional power and a newly industrialized country—ranking very high in the Human Development Index; with a geopolitically strategic location. It is a charter member of the United Nations, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, and G20. After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. In a non-binding vote on 13 March 2019, the European Parliament called on the EU governments to suspend Turkey's accession talks; which, despite being stalled since 2018, remain active as of 2021. (Full article...)
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Mount Erciyes (Turkish: Erciyes Dağı), also known as Argaeus, is a volcano in Turkey. It is a large stratovolcano surrounded by many monogenetic vents and lava domes, and one maar. The bulk of the volcano is formed by lava flows of andesitic and dacitic composition. At some time in the past, part of the summit collapsed towards the east.
The volcano began to form in the Miocene. At first, a volcano farther east named Koç Dağ formed from lava flows. Then, again to the east, large explosive eruptions formed a caldera. During the Pleistocene, Mount Erciyes proper grew inside the caldera together with a group of lava domes. Lateral eruptions of Erciyes may have generated ash layers in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean during the early Holocene. (Full article...)General images
Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC)
Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era.
A view from the interior of a traditional Turkish house, by John Frederick Lewis (1805–1875)
View of Bursa from the hills near Mount Uludağ, the ancient Mysian Olympus
Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro
An Oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. This has been the national sport of Turkey since Ottoman times.
Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship.
Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature.
Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century.
Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era.
Şakirin Mosque (2005–09)
Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire.
Designed by Şekip Akalın, Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable art deco design of its era.
Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47).
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)
Interior of the Sultanahmet Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey.
Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884.
Köppen climate types of Turkey
Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat
One of the main entrance gates of the Dolmabahçe Palace.
Anıtkabir designed by Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53)
Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943.
Ahmed Hamdi Akseki Mosque (2013)
Topographic map of Turkey
Isbank Tower 1 (1995–2000) in Levent district of Istanbul
First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement.
The Eastern Black Sea Region features densely forested slopes.
Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2017
Interior of the Şakirin Mosque (2005–09)
Fault lines and earthquakes
Mount Erciyes near Kayseri
Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period.
Antalya
The Kaçkar Range at altitudes of 3000 m and above is heavily glaciated.
The Ishak Pasha Palace, Eastern Turkey.
View of Beydağları Coastal National Park
Ankara
Skycrapers in Levent district of Istanbul
Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award.
Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey.
Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe.
Istanbul
Nuri Bilge Ceylan won a number of awards in the annual Cannes Film Festival, including the best director award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival for his film Üç Maymun ("Three Monkeys"). He has also won five FIPRESCI awards.
Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera
Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the Garip Movement in Turkish poetry.
Topkapı Palace, Istanbul.
The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent.
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Did you know -
- ... that Muhtar Kent, named to assume the post of CEO of the Coca-Cola Company on July 1, 2008, is the son of a Turkish diplomat, who risked his life to save Jews in France during the Holocaust? (December 15, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 191
- ... that ten days before the ratification of the Peace of Szeged, Vladislaus, King of Hungary, swore an oath which invalidated it and all future treaties with the Ottoman Empire? (May 25, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 143
- ... that Tayyare Apartments in Istanbul, originally built in 1922 for the victims of a fire disaster, house a five-star hotel today? (March 6, 2013)
- ... that Turkish-Romani musician Selim Sesler was called "the Coltrane of the clarinet"? (May 16, 2014)
- ... that human rights activist Ayse Nur Zarakolu, an Amnesty International "prisoner of conscience", was arrested 30 times and jailed four for violating censorship laws in Turkey? (March 13, 2009) Wikipedia:Recent additions 242
Selected picture
the Bosphorus Bridge
A faculty of Sakarya University
The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Male Bellydancer in Istanbul
A Kocek
the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Atatürk praying
The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
18th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Hrant Dink funeral
The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Antalya
1. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Safranbolu
Iznik, 16th-century vase
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Selected biography -
Muhammed Fethullah Gülen (born 27 April 1941) is a Turkish Islamic scholar, preacher, and a one-time opinion leader (as de facto leader of the Gülen movement: an international, faith-based civil society organization once aligned with Turkey's government, but since then outlawed as an alleged "armed terrorist group"). Gülen is designated an influential Ottomanist, Anatolian panethnicist, Islamic poet, writer, social critic, and activist–dissident developing a Nursian theological perspective that embraces democratic modernity, as a citizen of Turkey (until his denaturalization by the government in 2017) he was a local state imam from 1959 to 1981. Over the years, Gülen became a centrist political figure in Turkey prior his there being as a fugitive. Since 1999, Gülen has lived in self-exile in the United States near Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania.
Gülen says his social criticisms are focused upon individuals' faith and morality and a lesser extent toward political ends and self describes as rejecting an Islamist political philosophy, his advocating instead for full participation within professions, society, and political life by religious and secular individuals who profess high moral or ethical principles and who wholly support secular rule, within Muslim-majority countries and elsewhere. Gülen founded the Gülen movement (known as the hizmet, meaning service in Turkish), which is a 3-to-6 million strong, volunteer-based movement in Turkey and around the world. (All Hizmet's schools, foundations and other entities in Turkey have been closed by the Turkish government following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.) Along with the movement's participant's (Gülenists') individual piety and/or ethical conduct, they promote education, civil society, and religious tolerance initiatives and establish social networks. These networks self-describe as originating spontaneously, their constituent local entities functioning independently from each other, existing, in the aggregate, as leaderless activist entities. "I really don’t know 0.1% of the people in this movement", Gülen has said. "I haven’t done much. I have just spoken out on what I believe. Because it [Gülen's teachings] made sense, people grasped it themselves." "I opened one school to see if people liked it. So they created more schools." Inasmuch as the movement includes individuals with advanced theological training serving as "imams" and spiritual counselors on the macro level, with these individuals' identities remaining confidential (reflecting such positions' technical illegality in Turkey, under the formerly Kemalist laws there outlawing religious orders), some observers argue that the movement thus includes a clandestine aspect. (Full article...)Selected video -
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