Portal:Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina	The coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina, Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. In the south it has a 20 kilometres (12 miles) long coast on the Adriatic Sea, with the town of Neum being its only access to the sea. Bosnia has a moderate continental climate with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central and eastern regions, the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and in the northeast it is predominantly flat. Herzegovina, the smaller, southern region, has a Mediterranean climate and is mostly mountainous. Sarajevo is the capital and the largest city.

The area has been inhabited since at least the Upper Paleolithic, but evidence suggests that during the Neolithic age, permanent human settlements were established, including those that belonged to the Butmir, Kakanj, and Vučedol cultures. After the arrival of the first Indo-Europeans, the area was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. The ancestors of the South Slavic peoples that populate the area today arrived during the 6th through the 9th century. In the 12th century, the Banate of Bosnia was established; by the 14th century, this had evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia. In the mid-15th century, it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it remained until the late 19th century; the Ottomans brought Islam to the region. From the late 19th century until World War I, the country was annexed into the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. In the interwar period, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After World War II, it was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1992, following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republic proclaimed independence. This was followed by the Bosnian War, which lasted until late 1995 and ended with the signing of the Dayton Agreement.

The country is home to three main ethnic groups: Bosniaks are the largest group, Serbs the second-largest, and Croats the third-largest. Minorities include Jews, Roma, Albanians, Montenegrins, Ukrainians and Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency made up of one member from each of the three major ethnic groups. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized. It comprises two autonomous entities—the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska—and a third unit, the Brčko District, which is governed by its own local government.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country and ranks 74th in the Human Development Index. Its economy is dominated by industry and agriculture, followed by tourism and the service sector. Tourism has increased significantly in recent years. The country has a social-security and universal-healthcare system, and primary and secondary level education is free. It is a member of the UN, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Partnership for Peace, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement; it is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean, established in July 2008. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate country and has also been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010. (Full article...)

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The Army of Republika Srpska (Serbian: Војска Републике Српске/Vojska Republike Srpske; ВРС/VRS), commonly referred to in English as the Bosnian Serb Army, was the military of Republika Srpska, the self-proclaimed Serb secessionist republic, a territory within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina (formerly part of Yugoslavia), which it defied and fought against. Active during the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995, it continued to exist as the armed forces of RS, one of two entities making up Bosnia and Herzegovina, until 2006 when it was integrated into the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Forces of the VRS engaged in several campaigns, including Operation Corridor 92, Operation Vrbas '92, Operation Bura, and Operation Spider; they were also involved in the siege of Sarajevo, as well as the Srebrenica massacre. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Bosnia and Herzegovina-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Emperor's Mosque is the first mosque to be built (1457) after the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 2Serbs from Bosanska Krajina in traditional clothing (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 3Eternal flame memorial to military and civilian World War II victims in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 4Željko Komšić, Croat member of the Bosnian Presidency, and Hillary Clinton, U.S. Secretary of State, 13 December 2011 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 5A lamb roast and "kolo" (circle) dancing - Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1895 (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 6The Banate in 1373, shortly before its elevation to kingdom (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 7Illustration from the French magazine Le Petit Journal on the Bosnian Crisis: Bulgaria declares its independence and its prince Ferdinand is named Tsar, Austria-Hungary, in the person of Franz Joseph, annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II looks on helplessly (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 8Coat of arms of the Banate of Bosnia (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 9The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, 28 June 1914 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 10Dissolution of Yugoslavia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 11Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team, 2016 (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 12Estimated development of real GDP per capita of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 1952 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 13The Avaz Twist Tower in Sarajevo, the tallest building in Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 14Tuzla government building burning after anti-government clashes on 7 February 2014 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 15Vedran Smailović, the cellist of Sarajevo. (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 16BHRT headquarters in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 17Bosnia in the Middle Ages spanning the Banate of Bosnia and the succeeding Kingdom of Bosnia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 18Bosnian ćevapi with onions in a somun. (from Culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 19"Keep/Protect Yugoslavia" (Čuvajte Jugoslaviju), a variant of the alleged last words of King Alexander, in an illustration of Yugoslav peoples dancing the kolo. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 20The University of Sarajevo's Faculty of Law (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 21Kingdom of Bosnia 1377-1463 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 22Tuzla government building burning after anti-government clashes on 7 February 2014 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 23Alija Izetbegović during his visit to the United States in 1997. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 24Gimnazija Mostar in Mostar was one of the most academically prestigious educational institutions in Yugoslavia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 25Ottoman Bosnia - flag from 1878 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 26Sarajevo International Airport (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 27The Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium in Sarajevo hosted the opening ceremony of the 1984 Winter Olympics (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 28Mogorjelo, an ancient Roman suburban Villa Rustica from the 4th century, near Čapljina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 29Stećci from Radimlja, near Stolac (13th century) (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 30Bosnian meat platter that contains, among other things, ćevapi, which is considered the national dish of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 31Bosnian and Herzegovinian Partisans flag (1941-1945) (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 32UN troops in front of the Executive Council Building, burned after being struck by tank fire during the siege of Sarajevo, 1995 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 332nd c. Roman glass from Bosanski Novi (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 34Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque in Sarajevo, dating from 1531 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 35"Keep/Protect Yugoslavia" (Čuvajte Jugoslaviju), a variant of the alleged last words of King Alexander I, in an illustration of Yugoslav peoples dancing the kolo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 36Bosnia and Herzegovina's flag while part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 37Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina during Habsburg times. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 38The Bosnia Eyalet in 1683 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 39Coat of Arms of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 40Ban Kulin stone engraving with Bosnian Cyrillic (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 41Hval's Codex, illustrated Slavic manuscript from medieval Bosnia (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 42Coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 43The railway bridge over the Neretva River in Jablanica, twice destroyed during the 1943 Case White offensive (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 44Ivo Andrić with his wife Milica, upon learning he had won the Nobel Prize in Literature (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 45Administrative division of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina. (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 46Bosniaks dancing a traditional kolo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 47The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 48Edin Džeko playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2015 (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 49National and University Library in Sarajevo (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 50Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), Republika Srpska (RS) and Brčko District (BD) (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 51The Jahorina Ski Resort, a 1984 Winter Olympics venue, is the biggest and most popular ski resort in Bosnia and Herzegovina (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 52The Herzegovina Uprising of 1875–77 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 53Territorial evolution of the Bosnian Kingdom (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 54Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 55Bosnia within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1942 (from History of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Image 56Iron Age cult carriage from Banjani, near Sokolac (from Bosnia and Herzegovina)

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... that to receive a work permit to play in Luxembourg, Bosnian footballer Sanel Ibrahimović had to pretend to be a specialist in his country's cuisine?

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Petar Kočić (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Кочић; 29 June 1877 – 27 August 1916) was a Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Born in rural northwestern Bosnia in the final days of Ottoman rule, Kočić began writing around the turn of the twentieth century, first poetry and then prose. While a university student, he became politically active and began agitating for agrarian reforms within Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been occupied by Austria-Hungary following the Ottomans' withdrawal in 1878. Other reforms that Kočić demanded were freedom of the press and freedom of assembly, which were denied under Austria-Hungary.

In 1902, Kočić published his first short story collection. He published two more short story collections in 1904 and 1905, and subsequently adapted one of his most successful short stories, The Badger on Trial, for the stage. Kočić subsequently led several demonstrations in Sarajevo and was imprisoned on three occasions for publishing newspaper tracts critical of Habsburg rule. He spent the majority of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, which contributed to his development of depression. In 1909, Kočić was released as part of a general amnesty. The following year, he published his third and final short story collection, and won a seat in the newly created Bosnian Parliament (Sabor), where he became the leader of a faction of anti-Austrian Serb nationalists. He lobbied for increased concessions to Bosnian Serb peasants and farmers, agitating against the Austro-Hungarians as well as the Bosnian Muslim landowning class. He left the Sabor in 1913, citing mental exhaustion. In January 1914, Kočić was admitted into a Belgrade mental hospital, where he died two years later. (Full article...)

List of selected biographies
Edin Osmanović Alija Izetbegović Ivo Andrić Tvrtko I of Bosnia Dobroslav Jevđević Maria of Serbia, Queen of Bosnia Gavrilo Princip Catherine of Bosnia Tvrtko I of Bosnia Petar Baćović Thomas of Bosnia Jezdimir Dangić Marija Bursać Ismet Popovac Mladen Stojanović Michael of Zahumlje Mladen Lorković Elizabeth of Bosnia

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Ivan Ančić was the first Bosnian Franciscan to use the Latin script to write in his native language?
... that a Socialist Youth League candidate in the 1990 Bosnian general election registered his ethnicity as 'Eskimo' as an apparent protest against ethnic registry requirements for candidates?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Bosnia and Herzegovina}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.