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Jamshedpur (/ˈdʒæmʃɛdpʊər/,^[8] Hindi: [dʒəmˈʃeːdpʊr] ^ⓘ) (Hindi: जमशेदपुर Santali: ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ Urdu: جمشید پور) also known as Tatanagar is a major industrial city in Jharkhand, India. It is the largest and most populous city in Jharkhand.^[9] It is a Notified Area Council^[10] and Municipal Corporation and also the headquarter of the East Singhbhum district. It is a popular tourist destination known for its forests, ancient temples and royal palaces. It was ranked as the cleanest city of India in the year 2019.^[11]

It was founded by Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group, and was named after him.^[12] It was established in March 1919. Since its establishment Jamshedpur is now a best example for industrial utopian. There are many historical places around Jamshedpur which shows the history of Jamshedpur during the reign of Mauryan, Rajput, Mughal, Sultanate and British Empire. The city plays an important role in the economic history of India. Also, it was a noted center for 1st and 2nd world war and statehood movement.

Jamshedpur was ranked as the cleanest city of India in 2020 by Swach Survekshan in 2020.^[13] Jamshedpur was ranked the 7th cleanest city of India in 2010.^[14] The city is also ranked as 2nd in India in terms of quality of life.^{[citation needed]} Jamshedpur is the 84th fastest growing city in the world according to City Mayors Foundation.^[15]^[16] It is the headquarters of the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand and is the 36th – largest urban agglomeration and 72nd largest city in India by population. It is one of the first Smart Cities in India along with Naya Raipur.

Etymology edit

In 1919 Lord Chelmsford renamed the city,^[17] which was originally Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in honour of its founder, Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. Tata had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the area. On Founders Day (3 March), the 225-acre (0.91 km²) Jubilee Park^[18] is decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.^[19]

History edit

The ancient history of Jamshedpur traces even from the stone age era. At that time a village called Kudrukocha was well known for Sabar people who are still there. Ichagarh another historical town is home to a very old cave might been noticed in the ancient period. There are rocks formed in the region belonging to the Dharwarian period.

In medieval period, the surrounding region was ruled by many powerful kingdoms and dynasties.

The modern period of Singhbhum

The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of inhospitable terrain to find a location for a steel plant. One day they came across Sakchi (present-day a business district), on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal choice and the place was selected.^[20]

In 1908, the construction of the plant as well as the city officially began.^[20] The first steel ingot was rolled on 16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.^[21]

Jamsetji Tata's plan for the city was clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers' hutments. He insisted upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Tata had said:

"Be sure to lay wide streets planted with shady trees, every other of a quick-growing variety. Be sure that there is plenty of space for lawns and gardens; reserve large areas for football, hockey and parks; earmark areas for Hindu temples, Muslim mosques and Christian churches."
— Jamsetji Tata

Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur.^[22] Jamshedpur is a million-plus city with three municipal corporations, Jamshedpur Notified area committee, Jugsalai Municipal corporation and Mango Notified area committee.^[23]

In 1945, Tata Motors was setup here. It is now the second largest industry in Jamshedpur. A municipal corporation was proposed in 2005 but after protests from the residents this did not happen.^[24]^[25]^[26]

After independence, Jamshedpur became part of Bihar. The movement for Jharkhand was started from the mid 1960s. All Jharkhand Students Union was formed in Jamshedpur in 1964. Jharkhand Qaumi Tahreek was founded by the Muslim peoples of Jamshedpur. After these many efforts, finally Jharkhand was established in 2000 and Jamshedpur became a part of it.

Along with the statehood movement, industrial activities and other projects also went in hand. In 1970, the state government allotted more than 1000 acres at Adityapur and notified it as an industrial area. At the time of liberalization where foreign companies came to invest in India. During that time the movement of statehood was gaining momentum. Despite these much resistance some of the foreign companies came Jamshedpur. Thus in 1992, American Timken Company setup its plant in Jamshedpur followed by Lafarge Cement in 1999.

Etymology edit

In 1919 Lord Chelmsford named the city, which was early a village called Sakchi, to Jamshedpur in honour of its founder, Jamshedji Nausserwanji Tata, whose birthday is celebrated on 3 March as Founder's Day. J. N. Tata had written to his son Dorabji Tata about his vision of a great city in the area. On Founders Day, the 225-acre (0.91 km²) Jubilee Park is decorated with brilliant lightwork for about a week.

The city has several nicknames including "Steel City" (which was referenced during TATA Steel's "Green City—Clean City—Steel City" campaign); "Tatanagar" after the name of its railway station Tatanagar Railway Station or simply "Tata" in deference to the presence of Tata companies. At one time it was also known as "Kalimati" (meaning "Land of Goddess Kali") after the village near the Sakchi area. Sakchi was renamed to Jamshedpur in 1919.^[27] The only trace of the name is the main road through Sakchi area of Jamshedpur which is named Kalimati Road.

History edit

Early and medieval history edit

Various microliths, Neolithic celts, iron slags, wheel made pottery, and iron objects (including a sickle) have been discovered in Barudih, a village in the Singhbhum district. Kudrukocha, a village near Jamshedpur inhabited by Sabar people since stone age period. The name Singhbhum is popular in historical remarks. World's first beach was formed at Singhbhum Craton. Singhbhum craton of Jharkhand had first come above sea level approximately 3.3 billion to 3.2 billion years ago.

The region around Jamshedpur have been ruled by various kingdoms and dynasties including Nagvanshi, Khayaravala, Ramgarh Raj, Raksel, Chero, Raj Dhanwar and the Kharagdiha Zamindari. Patkum estate came in existence in 12th century, which rules the modern-day Chandil, Kukru, Nimdih, Ichagarh and Kandra and Ichagarh was the capital of the Patkum estate.

The Islamic influence reached in Jharkhand in the 15th century during the period of Mughal emperor Akbar. Muslims started to settled in the villages of Munda and Santali peoples. Raja Man Singh was gifted the present region of Jamshedpur by Akbar for his victory in Bihar and Orissa conquests. That region was comprising today's Jamshedpur along with Dhanbad and Birbhum. After Raja Man Singh, the region was named as Manbhum and later it further divided into — Birbhum and Singhbhum. The Dhatkidih Masjid at Jamshedpur was built around 150 years ago by the local sultanates and the Burmanines Masjid was built later by the Mughals. After the region's access to the control of British Empire, these places were notified as administrative units.

Foundation of the city and later history edit

File:Tata steel lake BW.jpg

Tata Steel plant in the early 20th century

At the end of 19th century Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata met steel makers in Pittsburgh to get the most advanced technology for his plant. It is said that he got the idea of building a steel plant when he heard Thomas Carlyle declaring that "the nation which gains control of iron soon acquires the control of gold" in a lecture in Manchester.^[28] At the turn of the twentieth century, Jamshetji Tata asked geologist Charles Page Perin to help him find the site to build India's first steel plant. The search for a site rich in iron, coal, limestone and water began in April 1904 in today's Madhya Pradesh.

The prospectors C. M. Weld, Dorabji Tata and Shapurji Saklatvala, took nearly three years in a painstaking search across vast stretches of inhospitable terrain to find a location. One day they came across a village called Sakchi, on the densely forested stretches of the Chota Nagpur plateau, near the confluence of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. It seemed to be the ideal choice and the place was selected.^[29] In 1908 the construction of the plant as well as the city officially began.^[29] The first steel ingot was rolled on 16 February 1912. It was a momentous day in the history of industrial India.^[30]

Jamshedji's plan for the city was clear. He envisioned far more than a mere row of workers hutments. He insisted upon building all the comforts and conveniences a city could provide. As a result, many areas in the city are well planned and there are public leisure places such as the Jubilee Park. While building the city, Jamshedji Tata had said, "Be sure to lay wide streets planted with shady trees, every other of a quick growing variety. Be sure that there is plenty of space for lawns and gardens; reserve large areas for football, hockey and parks; earmark areas for Hindu temples, Mohammedan mosques and Christian churches." Messrs Julin Kennedy Sahlin from Pittsburgh prepared the first layout of the town of Jamshedpur.^[31] What the city looks like today is a testament to his visionary plans.^[32]

The beginning of first world war demanded huge steels for the production of railway tracks transporting troops and supplies. Around 3,00,000 tons of steel produced in Jamshedpur were used in military campaigns across Mesopotamia, Egypt, Salonica and East Africa. In 1919, on the completion of the city's construction Lord Chelmsford visited the company and praised for its efforts in saving the Mesopotamian campaign. As a tribute, he named the city as Jamshedpur, the railway station as Tatanagar and thus officially the city of Jamshedpur was established.

n second world war, Jamshedpur was targeted by the Japanese troops. The government tried their level best to secure it. For the safety, several weapons and equipment were installed around the city. For further protection, American and British troops were called from Jamshedpur and used to stay at the Boulevard Hotel. Tata Steel started manufacturing India's first and only wheel armored carrier — Tatanagar. Between 1940 and 1944, 4,655 units were built at the Railway workshop in Jamshedpur. In 1945, Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co (now Tata Motors) was started in Jamshedpur.

Mahatma Gandhi visited Jamshedpur for first time in 1925 to resolve labor issues at the TISCO Institute. In 1934, Gandhiji visited Jamshedpur in connection of Harijan Movement. Prof. Abdul Bari was known for serving labor union of Jamshedpur was killed during his participation in the independence movement. Birsanagar have been populated by Jharkhandi Adivasis for a long period of time. Some of the freedom fighters — Birsa Munda, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu came across the region. Thus, naming it as Birsanagar in the memory of Birsa Munda.

Mahatma Gandhi visited Jamshedpur for first time in 1925 to resolve labor issues at the TISCO Institute.^[33] In 1934, Gandhiji visited Jamshedpur in connection of Harijan Movement.^[34]^[35] Prof. Abdul Bari was known for serving labor union of Jamshedpur was killed during his participation in the independence movement. Subhas Chandra Bose was the president of Tata Workers Union for eight years.^[36]^[37]^[38] Birsanagar have been populated by Jharkhandi Adivasis for a long period of time. Some of the freedom fighters — Birsa Munda, Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu came across the region. Thus, naming it as Birsanagar in the memory of Birsa Munda.

Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company was established to manufacture locomotives. Airfields were built around Dhalbhumgarh, Kalaikunda and Chakulia to handle air traffic during the war.

Contemporary history: (1947 — present) edit

After independence, Jamshedpur was in Bihar state. Between the 1960s and 1970s, there were huge communal clashes in Jamshedpur. In 1964, a large communal riot occurred on the streets of Jamshedpur. More than 100 people were killed in the violence. In 1979, another riot occurred in Jamshedpur on the occasion of Rama Navami across the Dimnabasti (populated by the Adivasis) in which 108 peoples killed including both Muslims and Hindus.^[39] This riot led the formation of Muslim populated areas — Azadnagar and Sabirnagar. In the year 1973, there was a terrible flood here. Flood waters filled up to eight to ten feet height in areas like Shastrinagar, Ramdasbhatta, Bishnupur, Jugsalai, Mango etc.

The statehood movement spread thoroughly in Jamshedpur. The All Jharkhand Students Union was founded in 1986 by Nirmal Mahto. Followed by the Jharkhand Qaumi Tahreek established by the Muslims communities of the city in 1989. Peoples rose in protest demanding a new. Bharatiya Janata Party led by Atal Bihari Vajpayee proposed a separate state called Vanchal comprising forest region of South Bihar in Jamshedpur. With support of RJP, bill of Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000 was passed. Vanchal was renamed to Jharkhand. On 15 November 2000, officially the state was established on the birth of anniversary of Birsa Munda and thus Jamshedpur became a part of it.

Legend has it that in the late 1980s when the state government proposed a law to end the Tatas' administration of Jamshedpur and bring the city under a municipality, the local populace rose in protest and defeated the government's proposal. In 2005, a similar proposal was once again put up by lobbying politicians. The target audience was the working class. A large majority sided with the government and set up protest meetings outside the East Singhbhum Deputy Commissioner's office. However, the objective was never achieved, and Jamshedpur remains without a municipality.^[40]^[41]^[42]

The city experienced a rapid growth right after independence. But the actual modern development of Jamshedpur began in the late 1990s. The period from 1990 to 2004, the city experienced a rapid growth especially in industrial development. Following economic liberalisation in India from the 1990s, every state started exploring business opportunities. Though at time the state's citizens were engaged in statehood movement. But somehow Jamshedpur managed to get in the surveillance of foreign companies. Timken started a plant in the city in 1992. followed by French multinational Lafarge acquiring a cement plant of Jamshedpur in 1999.

Jamshedpur is the only million plus city in India without a municipal corporation. It is now a leading commercial and industrial hub of Eastern India. The city is home to many educational institutions, tourist attractions and heavy industries. Since 2000, the city developed as a commercial and industrial hub.

other edit

The beginning of first world war demanded huge steels for the military troops.

Geography edit

3km
2miles

Sadar Hospital
Khasmahal

F

Parsudih

N

Tata Tinplate works

W

Golmuri

N

Birsanagar

N

Adityapur

MV

Mango

M

Kharkhai
River

Subarnarekha
River

Tata Main
Hospital

F

Civil Courts

F

JRD Tata
Sports Complex

F

Tata Steel
Zoological Park

F

Sonari Airport

F

Jubilee Park

F

Tatanagar
Junction
railway station

F

XLRI

C

National Institute
of Technology

C

National
Metallurgical
Laboratory

C

Adityapur
Industrial Area

W

Tata
Motors
works

W

Tata Steel works

W

Jojobera

N

Kadma

N

Jugsalai

N

Bistupur

N

Sakchi

N

Jamshedpur
M: municipal town, F: facility, N: neighbourhood, W: works, factory, C: educational/ research centre
Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly. Places marked on this map, which have a separate page, are linked in the larger full-scale map. For map of Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration see Mango or Adityapur page.

Jamshedpur is situated in the southern end of the state of Jharkhand and is bordered by the states of Odisha and West Bengal. It is located about 1,408.3 km from Delhi, 1,731.3 km from Mumbai and 281.8 km from Kolkata. The average elevation of the city is 135 meters^[43] while the range is from 129 m to 151 m.^[44] Total geographical area of Jamshedpur is 224 km square.^[45] Jamshedpur is primarily located in a hilly region and is surrounded by the Dalma Hills running from west to east and covered with dense forests. The other smaller hill ranges near the city are Ukam Hill and the Jadugoda-musabani hill range.^[46] The city is also a part of the larger Chota Nagpur Plateau region. The region is formed of the sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks belonging to the Dharwarian period.

There are many noted geographical specialties of the city. World's first beach was formed around 33 billion years ago at the Singhbhum Craton near Jamshedpur. Saranda Forest located around 122 km from Jamshedpur is the largest Sal Forest in Asia.

Jamshedpur is located at the confluence of the Kharkai and Subarnarekha Rivers. Subarnarekha is the principal river of Jamshedpur, which flows from west to south-eastern part of the territory. Many small rivers, especially the tributaries, join the Subarnarekha river in this area. The Kharkai flows from the south and joins the Subarnarekha river at a place called Domuhani. The two rivers are the major sources of drinking water and groundwater for the city. Several lakes of varying size are also located near the fringes of the city. The major of them being the Dimna lake located in between the Dalma range and the Sitarampur reservoir situated beside Kharkai river. It is also a major tourist spot in the region.^[47] Both of them also act as reservoirs for drinking water in the city. The city falls under deciduous type of forest region and the green cover is estimated to be around 33% of the total land area.^[48] The city falls under the Seismic Zone II region.^[49] Jamshedpur has many parks around it. Jubilee Park at Sakchi is the largest park in Jamshedpur. It was built by Jamshedji Tata, who was inspired by Vrindavanan Gardens of Mysore.

Cityscapes of Jamshedpur
Bengal tiger at Tata Steel Zoological Park

Climate edit

Climate data for Jamshedpur, India (1981–2010, extremes 1924–2009)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	33.4 (92.1)	39.4 (102.9)	42.6 (108.7)	45.7 (114.3)	47.7 (117.9)	47.2 (117.0)	40.0 (104.0)	38.0 (100.4)	37.9 (100.2)	38.2 (100.8)	35.5 (95.9)	33.5 (92.3)	47.7 (117.9)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	31.1 (88.0)	35.1 (95.2)	39.8 (103.6)	43.2 (109.8)	43.3 (109.9)	41.1 (106.0)	36.4 (97.5)	35.8 (96.4)	35.6 (96.1)	35.3 (95.5)	33.2 (91.8)	30.7 (87.3)	43.8 (110.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	27.0 (80.6)	30.3 (86.5)	35.2 (95.4)	39.2 (102.6)	38.9 (102.0)	36.0 (96.8)	32.9 (91.2)	32.6 (90.7)	32.9 (91.2)	32.7 (90.9)	30.6 (87.1)	27.7 (81.9)	33.0 (91.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	11.8 (53.2)	15.1 (59.2)	19.4 (66.9)	23.8 (74.8)	26.0 (78.8)	26.3 (79.3)	25.9 (78.6)	25.8 (78.4)	25.3 (77.5)	22.3 (72.1)	16.8 (62.2)	12.4 (54.3)	20.9 (69.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	7.7 (45.9)	10.5 (50.9)	14.7 (58.5)	19.6 (67.3)	21.7 (71.1)	23.2 (73.8)	23.9 (75.0)	24.2 (75.6)	23.6 (74.5)	17.7 (63.9)	12.7 (54.9)	8.7 (47.7)	7.9 (46.2)
Record low °C (°F)	3.9 (39.0)	5.0 (41.0)	10.3 (50.5)	16.0 (60.8)	19.0 (66.2)	21.0 (69.8)	21.4 (70.5)	21.4 (70.5)	18.7 (65.7)	13.7 (56.7)	6.1 (43.0)	4.7 (40.5)	3.9 (39.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	11.6 (0.46)	22.8 (0.90)	25.0 (0.98)	34.0 (1.34)	78.9 (3.11)	248.5 (9.78)	316.5 (12.46)	310.0 (12.20)	232.9 (9.17)	73.7 (2.90)	10.3 (0.41)	8.2 (0.32)	1,372.4 (54.03)
Average rainy days	1.3	1.6	1.8	2.6	5.2	10.5	15.4	15.7	11.3	4.3	1.0	0.7	71.4
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)	57	47	40	42	52	70	80	81	79	73	68	65	63
Source: India Meteorological Department^[50]^[51]

Cityscape and urban structure edit

Panoramic view of Jamshedpur from The Dalma Hills

The center of Jamshedpur has commercial areas and main areas. Central Jamshedpur contains a financial and business district. Famous landmarks in the center include Jubilee Park and Tata Steel. Sakchi and Bistupur are the business and financial district. Center part is also the oldest part of the city. The Western portion of the city has the areas of Adityapur, Gamharia, and Sonari.^[52] Sonari is a residential and commercial neighborhood, while Adityapur and Gamharia are the major industrial neighborhoods. Adityapur is also a city and a part of Jamshedpur. Gamharia has an industrial area namely Industrial Area, Gamharia. Adityapur has the Adityapur Industrial Area.^[53] There are five national highways crossing the city. Mango Bridge connects the city center to Mango.^[54] Marine Drive is a popular road and picturesque promenade in Jamshedpur. It starts from Sonari and connects Adityapur.

Tata Steel Plant seen from lake

Adityapur has the NIT Jamshedpur. The southern part of Jamshedpur contains Jugsalai, Birsanagar, Kadma, Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera. Jugsalai is the commercial area which is known for the wholesale market. while Birsanagar, Kadma and Bagbera consists of residential and commercial hubs. Burmamines, TELCO Colony, Bagbera Colony and Jojobera are the other main and major industrial areas of the city.^[55] Apart from north, whole areas of Jamshedpur have at least one industrial area. Other tall towers are TCE Building and Voltas House. In Jamshedpur, many hi-rise buildings are under construction now. Now the tallest building will be City Center II, which will be built at Adityapur. These tall buildings are mostly on the Central and Western side of the city. Jamshedpur has 10 - 14 floors of buildings.^[56]

Localities edit

Demographics edit

Language edit

Major languages spoken are Hindi, Santali, Urdu and Bengali.^[57] As per the state government Hindi along with Santali and Urdu are the official language of the city.^[57] Due to multiculturality other languages such as Punjabi, Odia, Bhojpuri, Tamil, Kannada etc. are also spoken in the city.^[57] The use of Santali is increasing all over the state, thus it is slowly emerging as an official language all over the city and the state.

However now the local Jharkhandi peoples are demanding to also declare Santali as an official language of the state alongside Hindi. Since its a sustainable solution keeping preference for both locals and migrants, this measure is taking shape but slowly. Now in many parts of the city specially in government offices, Santali has been found.

In terms of religions composition, 78.67% peoples are Hindus, 14.95% peoples are Muslims, 2.24% peoples are Christians and 1.12% peoples are Sikhs. Other small minorities are Buddhists (0.09%) and Jain (0.16%). While the remaining 2.67% of peoples follow other religions. Most of the Muslim peoples are largely populated in Maango. The Sikh population is mostly concentrated in Sakchi and Golmuri and Chistian peoples are settled in Northerntown, Golmuri and Bistupur.

Ethnicity of Jamshedpur is very diverse. The local Jharkhandi peoples in the city are mostly Santhals and Kudmis. Biharis, Bengalis and Odia are another major ethnic group from the neighboring states.

Muslims of Jamshedpur are majority of Urdu speaking. Significant minority groups of Muslims are from the neighboring states of Bihar and West Bengal. While other groups include Urdu speaking Dakhini Muslims from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Few groups of Muslims also includes Malayalam speaking and Kannda speaking peoples.

Demographics edit

The skyline of the city of the Jamshedpur showing its population

Population edit

According to the 2011 census of India, the city of Jamshedpur had a population of 629,659,^[4] but the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration had a population of 1,337,131.^[3] The city is designated as a Million Plus Urban Agglomeration as per Government terminology.^[58] Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Jamshedpur has an average literacy rate of 89.41% – higher than the national average of 74%. In Jamshedpur, 11.5% of the population is under six years of age.^[59]

Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration includes: Jamshedpur (Industrial Town), Jamshedpur (NAC), Tata Nagar Railway Colony (OG), Mango (NAC), Jugsalai (M), Bagbera (CT), Chhota Gobindpur (CT), Haludbani (CT), Sarjamda (CT), Gadhra (CT), Ghorabandha (CT), Purihasa (CT), Adityapur (M Corp.), Chota Gamahria (CT) and Kapali (CT).^[60]

Language edit

The official language is Hindi. The second most spoken language is Urdu. Additionally, in Jamshedpur, many East Indian languages are spoken, including Bengali, Magahi, Santhali and Odia. Punjabi is also spoken, as are some South Indian languages, such as Kannada and Tamil.^[57]

(For language details see Golmuri-cum-Jugsalai block#Language and religion.)

Religion and Ethnicity edit

Religion in Jamshedpur (2011)^{[citation needed]}

Hinduism			78.67%
Islam			14.95%
Sikhism			1.12%
Christianity			2.24%
Jainism			0.16%
Buddhism			0.09%
Others			2.67%
Distribution of religions

Hindus form the majority religion in Jamshedpur. While Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians form a significant minority. Jains and Buddhists also live in the city. Hindus are found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur.^[61] Muslims are also found in almost all areas of Jamshedpur,^[62] but many are concentrated in Maango, Sakchi, and Golmuri. Most Sikhs live in Golmuri and Sakchi.^[63]^[64] Christians are mostly found in the central part of the city.^[65] Tribals constitute around 28% of the population, and live in Birsanagar, a very large area covering a major part of Jamshedpur.

Birsanagar - the place where tribals live^{[clarification needed]}
Sai Baba Temple - one of the temples in Jamshedpur at Bistupur
Saint Joseph's Cathedral - a cathedral in Jamshedpur

Migration edit

Migration is a major reason behind Jamshedpur's increase in population and it being multicultural.^[66] When Jamshedpur was established, many people from Bihar, especially Muslims, migrated to the city for employment and later settled down there.^[67] In Jamshedpur many Muslims are from Bihari cities such as Bhagalpur, Darbhanga and Patna. Many Tamils and Kannadigas also settle in the city.^[68] Many other cities such as Dhanbad, Ranchi and Bokaro, which are in Jharkhand, are also filled with many migrants for jobs.^[69] While many other local people are also living in Jamshedpur, including Muslims, many Sikhs have also settled in the city. Many Punjabi Refugees are also present in the city at Punjabi Refugee Colony in Golmuri.^[70]

Cityscape edit

Panoramic view of Jamshedpur from The Dalma Hills

Urban Structure edit

The industrial city founded by Jamshedji Tata lies in the central region of the city, by south to the Swarnarekha River, by east to the Kharkai River and this forms the core part of Jamshedpur. It is the first planned industrial city of India. Jamshedpur is adjoined with satellite cities — Maango and Adityapur. Maango is separated by the Swarnarekha River to the north and Adityapur by Kharkai River to the west. Jamshedpur Metropolitan Area was notified in 2001.

Much of the central Jamshedpur is dominated by the Tata Steel and Jubilee Park. The financial and business district of Jamshedpur is formed by the commercial corridor of Sakchi, Bistupur and Golmuri. Some other landmarks over there includes Russi Modi Center of Excellence, Roman Catholic Diocese of Jamshedpur, Central Jama Masjid, Tata Steel Zoological Park and P&M Hi-Tech City Centre Mall. North Jamshedpur is mostly suburban and is home to satellite towns — Kopali and Maango. It is separated from the city by the Swarnarekha River. The Purulia Road passing through it is a fast-growing center for real estate developers and a large number of shopping malls are being built. Southern Jamshedpur is urban - rural fringe. The core railway station of the city Tatanagar Junction railway station is located in Khasmahal in Jamshedpur.

On the western region of Jamshedpur is home to posh neighborhoods such as Sonari and Kadma.^[52] The airport of Jamshedpur is located there. Marine Drive passes through it is one of the first plastic made roads. It is a booming center for shopping malls, hotels and IT parks. Adityapur is a satellite city on west of Jamshedpur and is one of the largest industrial regions of Asia. It is home to various industries and ancillaries. Some IT parks are planned to be built in Adityapur. Eastern Corridor of Jamshedpur is home to industrial giants — Tata Motors and Tata Power. The Jojobera Power Plant is located over there which provides electricity to Jamshedpur. Telco Colony located there is a big township managed by Tata Motors and is the most livable area of Jamshedpur.

Buildings and structures edit

Jamshedpur is filled with stunning pieces of buildings and structures.

The colonial architecture of Jamshedpur is dominated by structures including Regal Mansion, Circuit House and Colonial Center Maango. These place were built during the British rule. Now most of these structures are for commercial use.

The tallest building of Jamshedpur is ATC Majestic located in Moharda is of 27 floors. ATC Ultima of 40 floors under construction next to ATC Majestic once completed will be another tallest building eastern India prior to The 42 in Kolkata. Other tall buildings in Jamshedpur includes

Among the historical places in Jamshedpur includes Regal Building and Circuit House which were built in the modern colonial period. The industrial campuses of Tata Steel and Tata Motors also have many noted buildings and structures. The Rose Building in Tata Motors plant is also a noted structure of Jamshedpur. Most of the British Colonial architectural styled buildings are located on the main streets of Bistupur.

Recently many new tall buildings are coming up in Jamshedpur. Right now, the Mangalam City and TCE Building are among the tallest buildings in Jamshedpur. ATC Majestic in Moharda is planned to be the tallest building in Jamshedpur. As per current sources, the building has completed up to 18 floors and is the first building in Jamshedpur to be up to 18 floors. Nitin Gadkari created a proposal to develop India's first double decker corridor in Jamshedpur.

Economy edit

Tata Steel Plant seen from lake

The total estimation of the metropolitan economy is around US$ 10 billion (PPP GDP). Jamshedpur is a leading center for heavy industries such as steel, automobile, chemicals and electronics. It is the first planned industrial city of India. The establishment of Tata Steel has turned Jamshedpur into a booming industrial city. Jamshedpur is now known as the industrial capital of East India.

Jamshedpur is known as Steel City of India. It is home to the first steel plant of India which is operated by Tata Steel. The steel plant was commissioned in 1907. It has a capacity of manufacturing 12 MTPA of steel. The plant contains employes around 25,000 peoples. Every year the company plans expansion but from 2023, the company will not further expand the plant due to lack of space. Instead of that it will expand its own ancillaries and other subsidiary plants around the city. Also in the vicinity of Tata Steel many other companies have setup mini steel plants and ancillaries either individually or else in partnership with the Tata Steel.

The city is also a center of automobile industry and forms the nodal point for Kolkata — Jamshedpur automobile belt. Tata Motors started its first plant in Jamshedpur in 1945 as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company making locomotives. Later its started manufacturing defense vehicles for World War II. In 1952 it entered in commercial vehicle manufacturing segment with Mercedes-Benz Group. Adjoining the plant Tata Cummins have an engine plant. Tata Daewoo also operates a production line for making Daewoo trucks adjacent to the plant. The complete region around this plant is known as Telco Colony, which is a township managed by the Tata Motors. In 2023, Cummins and Tata Motors planned to start India's first hydrogen engine plant in Jamshedpur. By this Jamshedpur will be a leading center in India for hydrogen fuel industry.

Lafarge Cement acquired a cement plant of Tata Group in 1999 and has Asia's largest cement grinding unit. Nearer to the cement is Jojobera Power Plant operated by Tata Power which provide power to city and neighboring areas. Uranium Corporation of India operates uranium mines located in Jadugora and Turamdih.

Smart Grid Company in association with a Korean company is planning for investing US$ 3 billion for a new project in Jamshedpur. It contains for a new battery plant, automobile plant and solar factory.

Other companies such as — Nippon Steel, Summitomo Steel, Ryerson, Timken Company, Inox Air Products, British Oxygen, Praxair, Linde, Essar Group, ABB, Siemens, TRF Limited, Schaeffler, SKF and Tayo Rolls have their plants in Jamshedpur. On other hand Adityapur which is a satellite city of Jamshedpur is home to one of the largest industrial regions of Asia. Hindustan Petroleum, Indian Oil Corporation and Varun Beverages have their plants at Adityapur. A large electronics manufacturing cluster is being developed at Adityapur with investment of U$ 60 million. The yearly revenue of Adityapur is around US$ 600 million. Recently some IT company such as Tata Consultancy Services and Essar Group have setup their centers in Jamshedpur.

Arts and Culture edit

Jamshedpur being an industrial city, it has attracted peoples from different parts and makes it a multiculturally diverse city. The city is truly cosmopolitan in nature. Jamshedpur's population is composed of peoples hailing from the states of West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka etc. However the

There are many branded food chains of KFC, Al Baik, Café Coffee Day, Subway and Domino's have outlets in Jamshedpur. McDonald's is planning to open an outlet in Jamshedpur.

Economy edit

Tata Steel Plant seen from lake

As per the estimation, the economic value of the total metropolitan area is US$ 20 billion (PPP GDP). Jamshedpur is known as industrial capital of eastern India and most productive region of East India prior to Kolkata, Patna and Bhubaneswar. Jamshedpur is primarily an industrial city. It is known for its steel, automobile, chemicals, mining, cement and electronics industries. City Mayors Foundation have ranked Jamshedpur as 84th fastest growing global city in the world.

Jamshedpur is known for its steel industry, thus nicknamed as the Steel City or Pittsburgh of India. The city is home to first steel plant of India operated by Tata Steel. It has a capacity of manufacturing 12 million tons of steel per annum. The plant covers a major part of the city. This plant employs more than 20,000 peoples directly and indirectly. The Tata Steel plant in Jamshedpur recognized as 4th industrial revolution lighthouse by the World Economic Forum.

The city is also popular for its automobile industry. Tata Motors setup its first plant at Jamshedpur in 1945 during 2nd world war. At that time, it manufactures locomotives and tanks for the military. Later it enters in commercial vehicle segment in 1952. After divestments in May 2000, a separate wheel and axle plant was built. In the vicinity of plant, Cummins and Yokogawa Electric have their facilities. Tata Motors and Cummins planned to develop a hydrogen fuel and engine plant in Jamshedpur. This will turn Jamshedpur into a leading hub for hydrogen industry.

On the outskirts of Jamshedpur, Hindustan Copper operates a copper mine at Ghatshila and is the first and deepest copper mine in Asia. Lafarge Cement acquired a cement plant of Tata Group in 1999 and developed a grinding unit which is now Asia's largest cement grinding unit. A large cluster of electronics industry is being developed in Adityapur. Smart Grid Company in association with Korean companies will setup a mega plant of US$ 3 billion. The plant will consist of battery plant, assembly factory and solar station at Adityapur

The city has also experienced a quite rise in the software industry with few investments made by IBM, IT Scient and Tata Consultancy Services for setting up facilities. A large technology hub including the electronics cluster is being developed in Adityapur. Apart from Adityapur, many IT parks are also being developed in Marine Drive

Other companies including Tata BlueScope Steel, Ryerson, Hi—Tech Chemicals, Hindustan Petroleum, Bharat Petroleum, Indian Oil Corporation, Varun Beverages, Tata Tinplate, Nippon Steel, Sumitomo Corporation and Tayo Rolls have their plants in the city. Many MSME companies are located in the Adityapur Industrial Area. It is one of the largest industrial belts in Asia.

Culture edit

Being an industrial city, Jamshedpur is culturally diverse. It is truly a cosmopolitan city like Bangalore or Mumbai. However, the original Jharkhandis were credited for the contribution to the state. The city has been a spot for many cultural activities and religious celebrations. Specially the Founder's Day celebrated every year on 3rd March to mark the birth anniversary of the city's founder Jamshedji Tata and foundation of Jamshedpur. In 2019, on the same day, Jamshedpur completed its 100 years of journey.

Cinema edit

The city is noted for its setbacks in Hindi, Santali and Bengali movies. Jamshedpur is base for Santali cinema, the local cinema and releasing commercially hit films like Chando Likhon (2000), Sagun Ena Sohag Dular (2003) and Jewee Jurie (2009). Before 2000, most of the Santali films were made bilingually with Bengali or Odia films due to lack of state's own film development center. In recent years the city has also become a spot for Hindi, Bengali and Tamil films. Hindi films including Udaan (2010), Bubble Gum (2011) and Dil Bechara (2020) have been shot in Jamshedpur.

Cuisine edit

Popular local dishes are Dhooska, Malpua, Tilkut and Pitha etc. Chitarpuri Charpa is a non-vegetarian dish popular among local Muslims and is originated from Chitarpur, a town in Ramgarh district. Some of the popular food chains having their outlets in Jamshedpur includes KFC, Domino's Pizza, Pizza Hut and Subway etc.

In Jamshedpur, a lot of South Indian restaurants are found serving south Indian mouthwatering dishes such as Idli, Dosa, Vada and Upma etc. Some of the popular South Indian restaurants are popular around Jamshedpur.

Religious culture edit

The Islamic culture of Jamshedpur is diverse and old. Every year Muslim peoples observes the holy month of Ramadan. On the period of Ramadan, the main marketplaces are filled with mouthwatering dishes for Iftar. The Eid al-Fitr is celebrated after completion of Ramadan. On the occasion, mosques are filled with crowd for prayers and celebrations. After Dhu al-Hijja, Eid al-Adha is observed among the peoples. Other festivals such as Eid Milad Nnabi, Shab-e-Barat and Muharram are also widely celebrated among Muslims.

Muslims of Jamshedpur are majority of Urdu speaking. Significant minority groups of Muslims are from the neighboring states of Bihar and West Bengal. While other groups includes Urdu speaking Dakhini Muslims from Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

Economy edit

As per the estimation, the economic value of the total metropolitan area is US$ 20 billion (PPP GDP).^[71] Jamshedpur is known as industrial capital of eastern India, second most industrialized region of East India prior to Kolkata and the most productive region of East India behind Kolkata, Patna and Bhubaneswar. Jamshedpur is primarily an industrial city. It is known for its steel, automobile, chemicals, mining, cement and electronics industries. City Mayors Foundation have ranked Jamshedpur as 84th fastest growing global city in the world.

Jamshedpur is home to the first private iron and steel company of India. The areas surrounding Jamshedpur are rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, manganese bauxite and lime. It is a modern, industrial city; the main industries being steelmaking, automobiles, cement and other small and medium scale industries revolving around these products.

The largest factory is that of Tata Steel, situated almost at the center of the city. Currently the plant has 6 Blast Furnaces and is an employer to some 26500 employees.^[72] It is the first plant in the world to have 10-million-ton capacity in a single campus.^[73] The steel plant covers around a fourth of the land area of Jamshedpur and has two inland water lakes.^[74] Tata Steel has won awards like the Prime Minister's Trophy for Best Integrated Steel Plant for a record five times.^[75]

Jamshedpur is also noted for automotive industry. Tata Motors with Tata Daewoo,^[76] manufactures heavy vehicles and construction and earth moving equipment.^[77] Locomotives were once manufactured here.^[78] The plant spread over 822 acres (3.33 km²) is one of the largest in the country and at peak rate can roll out 450 vehicles per day.

Tata Cummins also known as TCL1, is situated beside Tata Motors. It is a joint venture of Tata Motors and Cummins India, Manufactuing diesel engines for vehicles assembled at Tata Motors. Other than engines for vehicles, it also manufactures engines for generators and marine use. The plant was established in March 2000. In 2023, Tata Motors and Cummins officially planned to develop India's first hydrogen engine plant in Jamshedpur. With the development of this plant Jamshedpur will be home to the largest hydrogen industry in India

Lafarge Cement, now Nuvuco Vistas, is a cement plant located near Tata Motors. It has Asia's largest cement grinding plant.^[79] Along with the smokestacks of Tata Power, a coal fired captive power station that supplies a great deal of the city's electricity, it can be conspicuously seen from the railway tracks while coming to Jamshedpur by rail.

Smart Grade Company in association with Korean and Arabian companies is planning to setup a mega industrial park and big plant with investment of US$ 3 billion. It will consist of a lithium battery plant, automobile assembly plant and solar power station.

Praxair and Brin's Oxygen Company (BOC), are producers of liquefied oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, they both have plants adjacent to the steel mill. Usha Martin located in Adityapur is a wire rope manufacturing company.

Tata Tinplate (formerly Tinplate Company) manufactures tinplate. It was originally a British company built in Golmuri, later on taken over by Tata Group. The company has planned an expansion of ₹2,000 crore. Another factory, located near Tata Motors, is the Indian Steel and Wire Products. The company resumed production in its wire mill in January 2004, after its takeover by Tata Steel, and has commenced its rod mill operations. Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company was carved out of Tata Steel from its Town Services Division in 2004. JUSCO is today India’s only comprehensive urban infrastructure service provider.

Other industries in the city include TRF Limited, which manufactures bulk material handling and processing machines and other engineering goods, Timken manufacturers of industrial bearings, Tata Ryersons, Agrico, a subsidiary of Tata Steel, manufactures agricultural implements, and Tata Yodogawa manufactures rolls and dies for rolling mills. Other companies are ABB, Tata Consultancy Services, Larsen & Tourbo, Kyocera CTC, M.N.Dastur, Danielle, Italiam Pianti.

Apart from its exploited steel and automobile industries, the city has also experienced a quite growth in the IT and electronics industry. A large IT and Technology cluster is being developed in Adityapur. It consists of an electronics manufacturing estate and IT park for software companies. Few IT companies like Tata Consultancy Services, IBM and Aegis have setup their facilities in the city.

Most of the smaller companies are located in the 'Adityapur Industrial Estate' 33,970 acres (137.5 km²) / (53 sq. mile) which has been Asia's largest Industrial hub for long. About 1,200 industries are located here and about 250 are under construction. There are about 20 Large Scale Industries located like Tata Growth Shop, Usha Martin, Adhunik Group, Indian Oil Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum, RSB Transmissions etc. Adityapur Industrial Estate have an average annual production of ₹ Rs.4,950 crores.

Economy edit

Hindustan Copper — the first copper mine in India is located in Ghatshila near Jamshedpur

The largest industry in Jamshedpur is that of Tata Steel. It is situated in the centre of the city and occupies approximately 1/5 of the entire city area.^[80] It acts as a pivotal center for the industries of the city of Jamshedpur with a large number of them having direct or indirect linkages with it.^{[citation needed]} Tata Motors is the second major industry.^{[citation needed]} It is spread over an area of 822 acres (333 ha) in the eastern side of the city. It manufactures Medium and Heavy commercial vehicles and the main components.^[77] The company also has its own township commonly known as Telco.^{[citation needed]}^[81]

Nuvoco Vistas Corp. Ltd is a cement plant located in Jojobera, Jamshedpur.^[82] It is Asia's largest Cement Grinding Unit.^[79]

There is a varied and powerful industrial base in the Adityapur Industrial Area. Jamshedpur is regarded as the industrial capital of Jharkhand.^{[citation needed]}

Arts and Culture edit

Cinema edit

Jamshedpur has influence on Hindi, and Bengali. Many films have been shot and based in the city and it is also sometimes called "Mini Mumbai" because of a great cinema culture and producing many film and television artists.^{[citation needed]} Ritwik Ghatak's Subarnarekha, a 1962 Bengali film and Satyakam, a 1969 Hindi film starring Dharmendra and Sharmila Tagore were shot in Ghatsila area.^[83]^[84] Years after, film Udaan was shot and based in the city which also got screened in Cannes Film Festival.^[85] Bubble Gum film was based in the city and portions of M.S.Dhoni: The Untold Story were also shot in Jamshedpur.^[86]^[87] Buddhadeb Dasgupta's Bengali film, Urojohaj was also shot in outskirts of city.^[88] The movie Dil Bechara, starring Sushant Singh Rajput and John Abraham's directorial Banana were also shot in the city.^[89] Many entertainers are also from this city such as Priyanka Chopra, R. Madhavan and Imtiaz Ali.

Government edit

The civic administration of the city is under Greater Jamshedpur Metropolitan Region, Govt of Jharkhand.

The major urban local bodies are:

Jamshedpur Industrial Town
Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC)
Mango Municipal Corporation
Adityapur Municipal Corporation
Jugsalai Nagar Parishad
Kapali Nagar Parishad

Education edit

Important educational institutions in Jamshedpur are:

XLRI, founded in 1949, is the oldest management institute of India; Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, established in 1961; and the engineering college National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, an Institute of National Importance, established as a Regional Institute of Technology on 15 August 1960.^[90]^[91] The National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru.^[92] Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute (SNTI), established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000 volume library is one of the most popular in the city.^[93]^[94] Many high level institutions are located in Jamshedpur. Now there is further development to setup more universities and several other educational institutions.

Education edit

Jamshedpur being a large and well-developed industrial city have a high literacy rate. The city is home to some of the well renowned institutes. Xavier School of Management is the first business school in India and was founded in 1949.^[90] The campus is located in Bistupur. National Institute of Technology located in Adityapur was established as Regional Institute of Technology Jamshedpur in 1960 by Shri Krishna Sinha (chief minister of then Bihar).^[91] It is one of the leading engineering colleges in India. Most of the local colleges are affiliated to the Kolhan University.

Schools in Jamshedpur are affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and Jharkhand Academic Council (JAC). The primary medium of instruction in school are in English, Hindi, Santali and Urdu. Popular schools in Jamshedpur includes Chinmaya Vidyalaya,^[95] DAV Public School,^[96] Baldwin Farm Area High School,^[97] Loyola School,^[98] D.B.M.S. English School,^[99] Ramakrishna Mission School Sidhgora,^[100] Narbheram Hansraj High School,^[101] H M Central Karimia High School,^[102] Kabir Welfare School etc.^[103]

General degree colleges in Jamshedpur includes Karim City College, J. K. S. College, Jamshedpur Co-operative College, Jamshedpur Women's College, Jamshedpur Worker's College, Abdul Bari Memorial College Golmuri, The Graduate School College for Women, Kabir Memorial College and Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial College. These colleges are affiliated to the Kolhan University, Chaibasa.

There are two medical colleges in Jamshedpur — Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and Manipal-Tata Medical College. Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College was established in 1961 and is a government run medical college. While Manipal-Tata Medical College is a private medical college. Apart from NIT Jamshedpur, other engineering colleges includes — RVS College of Engineering & Technology, BA College of Engineering and Technology, Maryland Institute of Technology and Professional Engineering College. Some of the general universities such as Arka Jain University, Netaji Subhas University and Srinath University are known for providing both management and technical education as well as general degree. Jamshedpur have some of the best polytechnic institutes. Those includes R. D. Tata Technical Institute, Tata Steel Technical Institute and Al Kabir Polytechnic

Due to presence of industries dominating the region, there CSR body promotes skill training and apprenticeships.^[80] Purulia Road is home to num

erous vocational institutes which provides workforce for both local companies and Gulf countries. Shavak Nanavati Technical Institute, established in 1921 as the technical training department of Tata Steel, now it's a technical institute and develops skilled employees for other companies as well. Its 400,000-volume library is one of the most popular in the city.^[93]^[94] The National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), one of the 38 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) laboratories, was inaugurated on 26 November 1950 by Jawaharlal Nehru.^[92]

Governance edit

The civic administration of the city is under multiple hands. They are Jamshedpur Notified Area Committee (JNAC), Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (JUSCO, a Tata Steel subsidiary), Mango Notified Area Committee (MNAC), Jugsalai Municipality (JMC), Adityapur Municipal Council (AMC) and Gamahria Nagar Panchayat

JNAC is divided into two parts, one is the Tata lease area while the other is the non-Tata lease area. The leased area which is 41 km² is managed by JUSCO while the rest is managed by JNAC itself. MNAC looks after the residential regions of Mango and Pardih, 18 km² in area. AMC looks after the 49 km² of Adityapur region comprising the residential as well the industrial belt.

The government is considering creating a unified municipal administrative body called the Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration or JUA. The proposed body would comprise the areas currently under the Jamshedpur Notified Area, Adityapur Municipal council, Mango Notified Area, Jugsalai Municipality and the towns of Parsudih, Ghorabanda, Chhota Govindpur, Hurlung, Luabasa, Dhanchatani, Chhota Gamharia, Gadra, Sarjamdah, Haludbani, Kitadih, Nandup and Bagbera, which are a part of the Jamshedpur Block, District of East Singhbhum and Gamharia Block, District of Seraikela-Kharsawan. The JUA would cover an area of 150 km² (58 sq mi).

Police edit

The city is primarily served by the Jamshedpur Police, having its headquarter in Bistupur. The first police station of the city was opened in 1924 at Jugsalai

Sports edit

Jamshedpur's private clubs provide opportunities for activities, such as golf, tennis, squash, billiards, horse-riding and water scootering. Jamshedpur FC is a professional football club based in Jamshedpur which competes in the Indian Super League (ISL), the topflight of Indian Football. The club is owned by Tata Steel.^[104] Sporting facilities and academies include JRD Tata Sports Complex, Keenan Stadium and Tata Football Academy.

JRD Tata Sports Complex has an international standard multi-use stadium and an eight-lane mono-synthetic track. It is primarily used for football and athletics but facilities for various other sports including archery, basketball, field hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, volleyball, skating, yoga as well as a modern gymnasium, are available at the complex. The stadium is currently being used by Jamshedpur FC as their home ground. it hosted the women football competition & archery event of the 34th National Games in 2011.^[105]

Keenan Stadium hosted its 1st International One Day Cricket match on 7 December 1983 in which India lost to the touring West Indies Team. Many other international matches have been played here in which India has won only one match against South Africa in 1999–2000.

Tata Football Academy was started in 1987 to nurture budding Indian footballers and raise the standard of Indian football. TFA is a football club in Jamshedpur, sponsored by Tata Steel. Today, Tata Football Academy is one of the premier football breeding grounds in India.

Tata Archery Academy: archery is a sport indigenous to the tribal people of Chhotanagpur and Santhal Pargana. Tata Steel has pursued and nurtured the local tribals and provided them with facilities and training to bring them up to international competition standards in archery. Its students have attributed a lot of fame to the institute by bringing in many medals in National and International competitions.^[106]

Tata Steel Adventure Foundation – Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest, is the director of Tata Steel Adventure Foundation.^[107]

Jamshedpur has two golf courses—the Beldih Golf Course and the Golmuri Golf Course. Both of these courses are at the heart of the city. The biggest is the Beldih Golf Course which is around 6,000 yards. The Golmuri Golf Course although smaller is also challenging. They together hold the annual Tata Open Golf Tournament which is an event held under the support of the Professional Golf Tour of India. The tournament was started in 2002. Jamshedpur also has the Jamshedpur Gliding Club and the Jamshedpur Co-operative Flying club.^[108]^[109]

Media edit

Television edit

Jamshedpur has various local news broadcast and cable media channels including:

Print edit

English, Santali, and Bengali newspapers are published from the city, including.

Hindi newspapers

English newspapers

The Avenue Mail.^[110]

Bengali Newspapers

Khobor Kagoj^[111]

Muslim Colleges edit

Transportation edit

The Tatanagar Junction on the Chakradharpur railway division of the South Eastern Railway, is the major railhead of Jamshedpur. Other railway stations in the city include Adityapur, Gamharia, Kandra and Govindpur.

Jamshedpur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are:

National Highway 33 (NH-33) touches the city and connects it to Mumbai and further joins the NH32, which connects with Kolkata, Delhi NH-2, NH-33 and NH-6 connects it to Kharagpur, Kolkata.
National Highway 18 (NH-18) connects Jamshedpur to Dhanbad, Via Bokaro.
Tata-Kandra Road connects Jamshedpur to Kandra via Gamahria.
Marine Drive, Jamshedpur connects Adityapur Toll Bridge to Mango via Kadma, Sonari through the western corridors of Jamshedpur

Jamshedpur has a bus station in Maango. This bus station have buses which go to other cities like Bokaro, Dhanbad, Ranchi etc. However, now there is a plan to update and rebuild and renovate this bus stand/station.

Sonari Airport is serving the city at present. It is spread over a 25-acre area in the Sonari area of the city. The airport is primarily used for bringing in chartered planes of TATA group. In previous days there were flights from Jamshedpur to Kolkata.^[112]

Dhalbhumgarh Airport is a proposed public airport located at Dhalbhumgarh, in the state of Jharkhand, India as a greenfield airport for Jamshedpur. It will be built on the site of an abandoned World War II airfield situated 60 km (37 mi) from Jamshedpur on NH-33. The old airfield was built around 1942, as an ancillary runway for other airfields in the vicinity that were being built around India's eastern frontier as part of the war effort.

It was one of the airfields used by Allied forces to repel the advancing Japanese troops and to maintain transport links with China. As the Japanese forces came to control shipping in the China Sea, seaborne supply routes to China were cut and the difficult 500 km (310 mi) route over the Himalayas was increasingly used. The airfield was abandoned after the war. The technical team of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted a survey in 2017 and approved the Dhalbhumgarh site for a greenfield airport. The government plans to invest Rs 300 crore through AAI for the new airport which will have a three-kilometre (1.9 mi) runway. In January 2018, Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha announced that the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the Jharkhand Government would sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the construction of Dhalbhumgarh Airport.

In 2022, it is announced that the Sonari Airport will start commercial public flights for Jamshedpur to Bhubaneswar and Kolkata.^[113] After efforts from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of Jharkhand and Tata Steel, the airport has been reopened on 31 January 2023, with flight services provided by the new low-cost regional airline, IndiaOne Air, to Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.^[114]

Transport edit

Railway edit

The Tatanagar Junction on the Chakradharpur railway division of the South Eastern Railway, is the major railhead of Jamshedpur. It is located in Khasmahal near Tata Steel. Other railway stations in the city include Adityapur, Gamharia, Kandra and Govindpur.

Tatanagar Junction is a railway junction and a model station on the Chakradharpur division, of the South Eastern Railway and is one of the most important railway junctions of the state. It is one of the most busiest stations of South Eastern Railway, as it is connected directly to all the major cities of India, viz., Dhanbad, Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Alappuzha, Amritsar, Jabalpur, Patna, Nagpur, Kanpur, Ranchi, Pune, Jammu, Vishakapatnam, Guwahati, Bhubaneshwar etc. The main railway station of the city is known as Tatanagar Junction, city others railway station are Adityapur, Gamharia, Salgajhari, Kandra and Govindpur.

Tatanagar is served by an average of 100 trains per day.

Roadways edit

Jamshedpur is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major highways are NH 33, NH 18 and NH 118. National Highway 33 (NH-33) touches the city and connects it to Mumbai and further joins the NH32, which connects with Kolkata, Delhi NH-2, NH-33 and NH-6 connects it to Kharagpur, Kolkata. National Highway 18 (NH-18) connects Jamshedpur to Dhanbad, Via Bokaro. Tata-Kandra Road connects Jamshedpur to Kandra via Gamahria. Marine Drive, Jamshedpur connects Adityapur Toll Bridge to Mango via Kadma, Sonari through the western corridors of Jamshedpur

In 2023, Nitin Gadkari planned to build India's first double decker flyover in Jamshedpur.

Bus services are available from Jamshedpur to Ranchi (131 km), Dhanbad (180 km),Kolkata (250 km), Patna (480 km), Gaya, Jehanabad, Bhubaneshwar (430 km), Cuttack, Asansol, Bhagalpur and so on.

Buses for the capital city Ranchi and the Coal capital Dhanbad are always available, running in intervals of minutes.

City transport edit

For local transport, the commuters have the options of bus and auto-rickshaw. Auto rickshaws are the popular mode of local commuting. Jamshedpur was one of the three cities where city bus services were facilited under the JNNURM scheme (Ranchi and Dhanbad were also covered). It was launched in March 2009 adding to the existing city bus fleet. There are 2 bus depots for city bus services that are Agrico, Baridih.

Each bus is equipped with GPS, electronic sign boards and computerized vending machines. As Jamshedpur is a participating city in centres 63 city urban development scheme JNNURM the state government has introduced around 50 LFB buses under the scheme.[1]

Private Mini Buses also operate in the city areas. There are around 250 such buses.

There is also a proposal to setup Neo Metro for the city.

Airways edit

Dhalbhumgarh Airport is a proposed public airport located at Dhalbhumgarh, in the state of Jharkhand, India as a greenfield airport for Jamshedpur. It will be built on the site of an abandoned World War II airfield situated 60 km (37 mi) from Jamshedpur on NH-33. The old airfield was built around 1942, as an ancillary runway for other airfields in the vicinity that were being built around India's eastern frontier as part of the war effort.

It was one of the airfields used by Allied forces to repel the advancing Japanese troops and to maintain transport links with China. As the Japanese forces came to control shipping in the China Sea, seaborne supply routes to China were cut and the difficult 500 km (310 mi) route over the Himalayas was increasingly used. The airfield was abandoned after the war. The technical team of the Airports Authority of India (AAI) conducted a survey in 2017 and approved the Dhalbhumgarh site for a greenfield airport. The government plans to invest Rs 300 crore through AAI for the new airport which will have a three-kilometre (1.9 mi) runway. In January 2018, Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha announced that the Union Civil Aviation Ministry and the Jharkhand Government would sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the construction of Dhalbhumgarh Airport.

The requirement of an international airport is usually for the Indian expats from the city living and working in Gulf countries of UAE, Oman, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, it is announced that the Sonari Airport will start commercial public flights for Jamshedpur to Bhubaneswar and Kolkata.^[113] After efforts from the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of Jharkhand and Tata Steel, the airport has been reopened on 31 January 2023, with flight services provided by the new low-cost regional airline, IndiaOne Air, to Kolkata and Bhubaneswar.^[114]

an airport at Dhalbhumgarh has been selected as a new international airport. But currently it is facing protests from the local villagers who think that the airport will affect their livelihood and the ecosystem. Later the local population suggested the technical department of state government to look over Chakulia Airport which was earlier planned to be developed as a cargo airport. After inspection of the facility, it came be larger than the Dhalbhumgarh Airport in terms of area.

Tourism edit

Jamshedpur though being primarily an Industrial city has also started to attract tourists. It has the benefit of being near a hill and forest range hence it serves as a nodal point for all the further destinations. There are many parks, palaces, historical places and religious sites across the city. Jamshedpur has a number of popular tourist destinations and has been noted for its tourist attractions.^[115]

Some of the major tourist attractions of the city are Jubilee Park which was a gift by Tata Steel to the citizens of Jamshedpur on the completion of its 50 years. It was inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the then Prime minister. It is famous for its lighting display on 3 March which is observed as Founder's Day. Dimna Lake is an artificial reservoir and one of the main sources for the city's drinking water.^[116] The Lake has facilities for water sports like jetskiing, rowing and water scooting. Dalma Hills are north of the Subarnarekha river, they stretch 16 km from east to west. Accessible by road it is famous for herds of wild elephants, Trekking and mountain climbing are the major attractions.

Jamshedpur Coin Museum, museum has got 1200 rare and antique coins of varied mint & metals and also has the world's smallest coin dating back to 300–400 AD^[117] The Russi Modi Centre of Excellence is a well known cultural center of the city.^[118] Sumant Moolgaonkar Park, build near HUDCO Lake is a popular park in east Jamshedpur.^[119] Millenium Park was inaugurated by Cyrus Mistry.^[120] JRD Tata Sports Complex is home stadium of Jamshedpur FC and held 2011 National Games. Marine Drive one of the few marine drives in India and is made of plastic materials.

Jamshedpur have a large number of five-star hotels of international brands including Vivanta by Taj,^[121] Ramada by Wyndham,^[122] Fortune Center Point,^[123] Best Western Ganga Regency,^[124]^[125] Parikh Inn, The Sonnet,^[126] Radisson Hotel,^[127] Hyatt Place^[128] and Lemon Tree Hotel.^[129] Many of these hotels are under construction.

The largest shopping mall in Jamshedpur is the P&M Hi-Tech City Centre Mall located at Bistupur. It is one of the largest shopping malls in India and home to international brands such as Big Bazaar, Westside, Reliance Trends, Max Fashion, Bulgari etc. Apart from P&M Mall, other shopping malls in the city includes Regal Sqaure, N. S. Mall, Galleria Mall, Basant Central, Shoppers Square, SuperCentre and Bindal Mall. Other malls such as Unite, Onyx, Akash Riverwalk are in under construction.

Notable people edit

Varun Aaron, cricketer
Imtiaz Ali, director
Pratyusha Banerjee, television actress
Priyanka Chopra, Indian singer, actress and winner of Miss World 2000
Rasika Dugal, actress
Gerald Durrell, OBE, conservationist
Ishita Dutta, actress
Tanushree Dutta, former Femina Miss India and actress
Adarsh Gourav, actor
Ishank Jaggi, cricketer
Saba Karim, cricketer
Kamlesh Kumar, teacher and social activist
R. Madhavan, actor
Manmohan, actor
Shomu Mukherjee, filmmaker
Gourav Mukhi, footballer
Shweta Prasad, actress
Arshadul Qadri, scholar
K. V. P. Rao, cricketer
Shilpa Rao, singer
Randhir Singh, cricketer
Simone Singh, Indian television actress
Akshat Singh, YouTuber
Saurabh Tiwary, cricketer

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External links edit

Economy of Palestine edit

Jamshedpur

Tatanagar
Jamshedpur Tatanagar
Metropolis
	Jamshedpur
	From top to bottom: ; TCE Building, ; Sakchi view (L), Tata Steel Zoology Park (R),; Golmuri Golf Course,; JRD Tata Sports Complex
	Nickname(s): 'Steel City of India', 'Pittsburgh of India'
	Jamshedpur Location of Jamshedpur in Jharkhand Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (India)
	Coordinates: 22°47′33″N 86°11′03″E / 22.79250°N 86.18417°E
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	East Singhbhum
Founded by	Jamsetji Tata
Named for	Jamsetji Tata
Government
• Senior Superintendent of Police	Prabhat Kumar (IPS)
• Deputy Commissioner	Manjunath Bhajantri
Area
• Metropolis	224 km2 (86 sq mi)
Elevation	159 m (522 ft)
Population (2011)
• Urban	629,659
• Metro	1,337,131
Demonym	Jamshedpurian
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	831001 to 831xxx
Telephone code	+91-657
Vehicle registration	JH-05
Literacy	89.41%
Official language*	Hindi
Second languages	Nagpuri, Bengali, Odia, Santhali, Urdu, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Tamil, Telugu, Kurmali
Website	jamshedpur.nic.in

Ramallah the de facto capital of Palestine

Palestine's economy is middle income developing. Though being active in the ongoing conflict with Israel, Palestine continues to grow and sustain development. Along with the peace process efforts, their has been a change in the state's economy.

Ramallah is a major commercial and financial center of Palestine home to many of the Palestinian banks and software companies.

The Palestinian industrial sector is categorized by its wide variety of products and interrelated sub sector branches. The sector lacks severely the adequate continuously available raw materials for the sustainability of the sector. But it has a great advantage of the dedicated hard working and resilient business community. The business community, as a driving force for the industry, was able to achieve several successes during difficult uncertain conditions. One of the main features of industry was its connectivity to the Israeli economy. On one side this is a fatal threat to industry because its success is subject to the Israeli priorities, not the Palestinian priorities, and it is a known fact that most of these priorities are not business related and highly politicized. On the other hand, industry has benefited from Israeli business connections elsewhere in the world. The sector is represented by the Palestinian Federation of Industries (PFI). The PFI advocates for better industrial policies and regulations and works on developing and upgrading industrial performance. The federation started its work in 1999 with a representation of six industrial associations. Today, thirteen different industrial associations are members of the federation. Industry is playing an important role in the economic and social well being of the Palestinian society. It employs about 13% of the total workforce and it contributes 16% to the GDP. Exports were (and still are) a good economic ambassador for the entire Palestinian cause. The rapid growth of industry was notable during the nineties, the political uncertainty and turbulences have affected the industrial sector negatively. A slight shift was noticed in the structuring of industry that is related to both political changes and international economic changes and globalization sequences. The leather and shoe making industry and the garment and textile industry are examples of badly affected industries. Contrary to that, Pharmaceutical industries and marble and stone industries were good examples of positive change.

Through donations from Arab Funds, rehabilitation was carried out in the industrial parks of Beit Jala, Salfit, Abu Deis, Albeireh, Nablus and others still on the list. With the assistance of donor community, four industrial zones have been rated as a priority for development. These are:

 Jenin industrial park with the help of German government (KFW)
 Tarqumia industrial park with the help of Turkish government
 Bethlehem industrial park with the help of French government
 Jericho agricultural park with the help of Japanese government.

Table 16: main export products #o Products Percentage

1 Marble and stone 30%
2 Food products 16%
3 Metal and plastic products 10%
4 Agricultural products 19%
All other sectors 25%

Software edit

Due to modern development, many IT companies have emerged in Palestine. Most of them focuses on telecommunications and software development segments. Various IT parks have been established in the parts of West Bank territories under the Palestinian authority. The Hebron Innovative Technopark was opened in association with Indian republic to promote IT sector in the state. Rawabi is the first planned city of Palestine being built in association and financial support from Qatar on the outskirts of Ramallah — the state capital. In 2017, a tech hub was opened in Rawabi known as Rawabi Tech Hub to promote IT infrastructure. Apple Inc has planned to invest US$ 1 billion in Rawabi for setting up a R&D center.

Also Google, Udacity and Sparx have expressed their plans for investing in Palestine's IT sector. Eyal Waldman, the founder of Mellanox Technologies planned to setup IT centers and R&D facilities in Palestine's Rawabi, Ramallah and Gaza to promote trade between Israel and Palestine. The company have also employed and worked with Palestinian workforces in the field of programming. Paltel Group, the leading telecommunication company of the state have its headquarters in Ramallah from where it operates two data centers.

Construction and projects edit

Infrastructure edit

Unlike West Bank, Gaza Strip lacks necessary infrastructure to accommodate industrial development. Previously there used to some airports for Palestine namely —the Yasser Arafat International Airport in Gaza, Gush Katif Airport in Rafah and Jerusalem International Airport in Jerusalem. However, after 2005 airports ceased operation. The Yasser Arafat International Airport was bombed in Second Intifada in 2001. Prior to bombardment, Gush Katif Airport was used but later closed in 2004.

metal edit

Metal and engineering industries have a wide variety of products that are strongly related to the anticipated construction process. Any further efforts to boost the construction sector will have its sequential effects on the metal industry. Specifically, the following products are directly related to construction process: abrasives and welding rods, nails, reinforcement steel rods, aluminum profiles for windows, doors, partitions, kitchen and path room facilities, metal decorative and entrance doors, metal furniture and other similar necessities. Moreover, metal industries have a wide variety of products, ranging from construction related industries to production of mechanical and electrical machines. The data of PCBS shows that the sector has the second largest exported products after stone and marble industries. More specifically, it exported about 72 million dollars in the year 2007.

marble edit

The stone and marble industry is the largest exporting industry in terms of export volume and export markets. A number of firms are ready for export in terms of machinery and raw materials. They lack the expertise of marketing, good manufacturing practices and the organization culture for export as well as the quality culture. Currently the number of direct exporting firms ranges from eight to twelve, whereas the indirect exporters could reach the figure of 40 firms. Qualifying another ten companies in the sector will have its positive impacts on the whole sector. The official export data of 2007 is about 103 million US dollars, whereas the actual figures greatly exceed the official figures. The Palestinian stone and marble products are sold in more than 35 countries, and the production capacity has reached about 40 million square meters per year. Any assistance given to the industry will help resume the production capacity utilization and restore employment trend to its normal figures of 15000 workers. The following effect can be seen in the sector.

food edit

Moreover, food industry is highly related to other industries. Chemical and plastic industries supply food industries with filling and packaging materials. Paper industries provide food industries with filling containers, labels, brochures, and other printing materials. Metal industries have their involvement in the development of food industries: packaging machinery and stainless steel packing containers.

Industry and manufacturing edit

Textile edit

Prior to the second intifada, there were more than 1700 firms operating in this sector in the West Bank alone. The figure now is hard to guess, according to the industry association`s estimates the number of working firms varies between 700 and 1000. Employment has dropped severely from 11000 permanent jobs to almost 5000 unsecured jobs. Women are the major work force in this sector. The sector is spread all over the West Bank and represented by an industrial association. Table 11 :textile and

The sector is composed mainly of textile, garment and clothing production, dying, wool wear, and other accessories. The main feature of this sector is of subcontracting nature. The sector produced a total of 126 million USD in the year 2000, which represented 15% of the gross industrial product. The sector considers the access of new markets as a first priority for financing, next to it is the upgrading and development of machinery. The need for investing in new machinery is not considered a priority for the sector at this stage

chemical edit

The sector is represented by an industrial association that needs to be strengthened and institutionalized. The estimated number of regulated companies working in the industry is 60, five in producing cosmetics, five in the production of paints and inks and the remaining are working in the detergents production. The actual number of producers (un-regulated) is much more than that. Some factories produce both detergents and cosmetics. The average number of workers is estimated at 15, and the total employment is estimated at 900 workers. The actual number is greater than this because of the non-regulated manufacturers. The industry is spread all over the West Bank.

plastic edit

This industry is distributed around the various parts of the West Bank with a focus on plastic pipes in Hebron and Ramallah. According to the sectors association records the total number of industrial facilities is 100 firms employing 1000 workers with a total average of 10 workers per firm. The working labor varies from 5 to 20 workers with an exception of 4 factories employing more than 50 workers. The industry is represented by an association that needs to be strengthened. The industry sales are distributed over the West Bank 66%, Gaza Strip 15%, Jerusalem 2% and Israel 10%. It is clear that local market is the core of this industry.

stone edit

The stone and marble industry is considered as the biggest industry in terms of number of firms, sales volume, employment rate and total investment. In recent years the industry showed a linear decline in production, sales and returns. The total number of manufacturing firms is around 700 firms, and the total number of workers is estimated at 8000 workers. The industry is spread over the West Bank regions but focused in the regions of Bethlehem and Hebron. Stone and marble industry means the stone manufacturers and the quarries. The stone manufacturers are categorized as small, medium and large scale size producers. Workshops are another category of buying slabs and cutting it into small size pieces.

The main composites of final products are external cladding, internal cladding and tiles, cut to size products, decorative products, special products (flamed, antiqued ...) and tomb products. The initial investments in the sector exceeds the amount of 400 million dollars and are mostly generated by own savings and family resources.

pharma edit

The Pharmaceutical industry is comprised of six manufacturers in the West Bank; five of them are located in Ramallah. The industry produces 1118 medicines (mostly generics) according to the ministry’s registry while the market registers about 4500 medicines available in the pharmacies and hospitals. The total number of workers is estimated at 1200 workers. The industry contributes less than 1 percent of GDP, it is considered one of the highest in worker productivity ($44,000 in 2005). This industry is represented by a strong industrial association. Sector diversification: The local manufacturers are focusing their production on three medicinal groups; these are anti-infective, Musco skeletal and alimentary medicines.

In addition to medicines, two of the companies are producing veterinary medicines, and also two of them are producing some kinds of detergents and cosmetics.

Food edit

The food sector is growing rapidly both vertically and horizontally. The official figures of the sector indicate that there are more than 1600 working firms in this sector including bakeries. Excluding bakeries, the actual number of firms becomes 224 manufacturing firms including the large scale milk cow farms (>50 cows). 152 of them are active members of the food industry association, which is a strong association. The large number of female cooperatives working in food processing sector and traditional sweets and confectionary makers are not included. The labor force is estimated at 8000 worker. The industry is spread all over the West Bank. The importance of the sector is its direct organic relation the food security of the nation.

Information Technology and Telecommunications edit

Due to modern development, many IT companies have emerged in Palestine. Most of them focuses on telecommunications and software development segments. Various IT parks have been established in the parts of West Bank territories under the Palestinian authority. The Hebron Innovative Technopark was opened in association with Indian republic to promote IT sector in the state. Rawabi is the first planned city of Palestine being built in association and financial support from Qatar on the outskirts of Ramallah — the state capital. In 2017, a tech hub was opened in Rawabi known as Rawabi Tech Hub to promote IT infrastructure. Apple Inc has planned to invest US$ 1 billion in Rawabi for setting up a R&D center.

Also Google, Udacity and Sparx have expressed their plans for investing in Palestine's IT sector.

Jamshedpur edit

Jamshedpur

Adityapur edit

Adityapur is an industrial city located in the Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand, India. Along with the cities of Jamshedpur and Maango it forms a major part of the Jamshedpur metropolitan area or Greater Jamshedpur have population around 2.1 million. The city has a population of more than 100, 000 people. It lies west to the Jamshedpur and is separated by the Kharkai river.

The city lies in the historical corridor once ruled by the Patkum estate since 12th century. It was named after Aditya Nath Deo, the last ruler of Seraikela region. Nearby towns such as Ichagarh, Jayda and Chandil were once part of the erstwhile Patkum estate till 19th century.

It has grown as one of the bustling industrial centers in eastern India. The city is home to one of Asia's largest industrial belts prior to Noida industrial belt. Adityapur primarily serves as an ancillary hub for Tata Steel and Tata Motors. It is also known for its IT parks, power plants and electronics factories.

History edit

The region around Adityapur has been recorded since stone age. There are many old caves around Ichagarh which is near to Adityapur. It is believed that Lord Rama spent his days during the exile in this Ichagarh area.^[1] Chitaran, Adardih, and Chimtiya, on the border of Ichagarh, marks Sita’s footsteps.^[2] The Chaturmukhi Shiva Temple has believed to be existed before 12th century. Before the arrival of the royal family of Ichagarh, there was was a Rajbari in Dayapur of Neemdih Block. He used to come here every day to worship Bholenath.

Adityapur is named after Raja Aditya Pratap Singh Deo (1887-1969), the last ruler of Seraikela State.^[3] The region around Adityapur is rich in history. Patkum State's capital was at Ichagarh. In Ichagarh there is a cave. There is also a century old temple located there. The Ichagarh Palace was the seat of Patkum State.^{[citation needed]} It was established by the Scion of King Vikramaditya of Ujjain, this place hosts several historical places on the banks of river Karkari and Swarnarekha.^[4]

By conquering of Kolhan by British, a new district —Singhbhum district was formed which corresponds to the modern kolhan region.^[5] Owing to modern development in the time of British Empire, police stations were opened at Ichagarh, Patamda and Chandil.^[6] Previously this place was inhabited mainly by Santhalis, Odias and Bengalis (now Jharkhandis).^[7]^[8] The area came into prominence with the industrial development of Jamshedpur.^[9] Thus many peoples form other parts of India came an made the city's multicultural and cosmopolitan culture.^[10]

After independence, Adityapur came into existence. In 1972, Bihar government (now Jharkhand Government) notified Adityapur as an industrial area and a municipal corporation.^[11]^[12] Prior to Jharkhand's establishment, the original Jharkhandis were credited for the contribution to the state.^[13] Within few times, it developed rapidly as an industrial satellite city for Jamshedpur metropolitan area.^[14] Various new projects are coming here now.^[15] Now Adityapur is one of the fastest growing satellite cities in India.^[16]

Geography edit

Adityapur is located at 22°47′24″N 86°09′57″E / 22.7901°N 86.1657°E / 22.7901; 86.1657. Kharkai River surrounds Adityapur on three sides (except the west). Adityapur is connected, over the Kharkai River, to the city of Jamshedpur via a toll bridge through Kadma and Kharkai Bridge through Bistupur. Adityapur covered an area of 49 km² (19 sq mi). It has an annual rainfall of 1,132.9 mm (44.60 in).^[17]

With its recognition as an industrial town as early as the 1911 census, Jamshedpur was set on the road of steady population growth, as large number of emigrants flocked in for work opportunities. While in the earlier decades the central nucleus grew, in the later decades towns around Jamshedpur grew rapidly. In 2011, Jamshedpur Urban Agglomeration included 13 urban centres, with a total population of 1.3 million people. However, in more recent years, Jamshedpur metropolitan area has lacked the growth and development observed around other similar industrial cities in western and southern India.^[18]

Transportation edit

Air transportation edit

The city is pr

^ Mishra, Nita (1 October 2023). "Ramrekha Dham: Discover the Spiritual Legacy of Lord Rama and Sita - Rise Ranchi". riseranchi.in. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
^ Mishra, Nita (1 October 2023). "Ramrekha Dham: Discover the Spiritual Legacy of Lord Rama and Sita - Rise Ranchi". riseranchi.in. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
^ Deo, Aditya Pratap (2013), Pandey, Gyanendra (ed.), "Of kings and gods: The archive of sovereignty in a princely state", Unarchived Histories, doi:10.4324/9781315856698, ISBN 9781317931492, retrieved 10 July 2022
^ "कई रहस्य समेटे है झारखंड के ईचागढ़ का ऐतिहासिक चतुर्मुखी शिव मंदिर, ऐसी है मान्यता". Dainik Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ "Kolhanistan continues to prove a thorn in the Government's side". India Today. 31 August 1084. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
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^ "Singhbhum: Jharkhand". www.downtoearth.org.in. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ Raichaudhuri, Srabani (1992). "The Jharkhandis: Vision and Reality: A Micro-Study of Singhbhum". Economic and Political Weekly. 27 (47): 2551–2556. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4399155.
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^ Chatterjee, Arup (23 February 2019). "Jamshedpur: The city of steel". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ "Zone of progress". frontline.thehindu.com. 26 July 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ "History revs up under one roof - Adityapur industrial centre to build automobile museum with help from Tata Motors". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ Ghobadzadeh, Naser (13 February 2019), "Islamist Transformations: From Utopian Vision to Dystopian Reality", The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation, Oxford University Press, pp. 321–333, doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0030, ISBN 978-0-19-882991-1, retrieved 10 July 2022
^ "Adityapur Municipal Corporation". udhd.jharkhand.gov.in. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ Himatsingka, Runa Rajeev Kumar & Anuradha. "Quality quotient beckons investors". The Economic Times. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ "Zone of progress". frontline.thehindu.com. 26 July 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
^ "District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 632-637. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
^ "Growth of Industrial Cities in India: A Case Study of Jamshedpur" (PDF). Amaresh Dubey. The Third Conference: GIS-based Global History from Asian Perspectives, 5 June 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2021.

Jamshedpur edit

Jamshedpur also known as Tatanagar is a major industrial city situated in the eastern fringes of Singhbhum Cranton. Located on the eastern region of India, it is the largest and most populous city of Jharkhand. Established by the Zoroastrian businessman Jamshedji Tata, the city is a noted commercial and industrial center of eastern India. Name

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v t e Million-plus agglomerations in India
North	Chandigarh Delhi Haryana: Faridabad Jammu and Kashmir: Srinagar Punjab: Ludhiana Amritsar Rajasthan: Jaipur Jodhpur Kota
Central	Chhattisgarh: Raipur Bhilai Madhya Pradesh: Indore Bhopal Jabalpur Gwalior Uttar Pradesh: Agra Ghaziabad Kanpur Lucknow Meerut Prayagraj Varanasi
Eastern	Bihar: Patna Jharkhand: Jamshedpur Dhanbad Ranchi West Bengal: Kolkata Asansol
Western	Gujarat: Ahmedabad Surat Vadodara Rajkot Maharashtra: Mumbai Pune Nagpur Nashik Vasai-Virar Aurangabad
Southern	Andhra Pradesh: Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Karnataka: Bangalore Kerala: Kochi Kozhikode Thrissur Malappuram Thiruvananthapuram Kannur Kollam Tamil Nadu: Chennai Coimbatore Madurai Tiruchirappalli Telangana: Hyderabad

Jamshedpur Tatanagar
Metropolis
Jamshedpur
From top to bottom: TCE Building, Sakchi view (L), Tata Steel Zoology Park (R), Golmuri Golf Course, JRD Tata Sports Complex
Nickname(s): 'Steel City of India', 'Pittsburgh of India'
Jamshedpur Location of Jamshedpur in Jharkhand Show map of Jharkhand Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (India) Show map of India
Coordinates: 22°47′33″N 86°11′03″E / 22.79250°N 86.18417°E / 22.79250; 86.18417
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
District	East Singhbhum
Founded by	Jamsetji Tata
Named for	Jamsetji Tata
Government
• Senior Superintendent of Police	Prabhat Kumar (IPS)
• Deputy Commissioner	Manjunath Bhajantri^[1]
Area ^[2]
• Metropolis	224 km² (86 sq mi)
Elevation	159 m (522 ft)
Population (2011)
• Urban	629,659^[4]
• Metro	1,337,131^[3]
Demonym	Jamshedpurian
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	831001 to 831xxx
Telephone code	+91-657
Vehicle registration	JH-05
Literacy	89.41%
Official language*^[5]	Hindi
Second languages	Nagpuri, Bengali, Odia, Santhali, Urdu, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Tamil, Telugu, Kurmali^[6]^[7]
Website	jamshedpur.nic.in

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