Portal:Colombia

History | Politic | Geography | Provinces | Economy | People | Culture | Café de Colombia | and much more... The Colombia Portal Colombian national flag Colombia (/kəˈlʌmbiə/ (listen) kə-LUM-bee-ə, /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM-; Spanish: [koˈlombja] (listen)), officially the Republic of Colombia (Es-republica_de_colombia.ogg), is a country in the north of South America, with territories in North America. Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea, the northwest by Panama, the south by Ecuador and Peru, the east by Venezuela, the southeast by Brazil, and the west by the Pacific Ocean. It comprises 32 departments and the Capital District of Bogotá, the country's largest city. With over 50 million inhabitants Colombia is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse countries in the world, with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations, European settlement, forced African labor, and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East. Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast. Colombia has been inhabited by various indigenous peoples since at least 12,000 BCE, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and the Tairona, along with the Inca Empire that expanded to the southwesternmost part of the country. The Spanish landed first in La Guajira in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region, establishing the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819, but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved, with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903, leading to Colombia's present borders. Beginning in the 1960s, the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence, both of which escalated in the 1990s. Since 2005, there has been significant improvement in security, stability, and rule of law, as well as unprecedented economic growth and development. Colombia is one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries and has the second-highest level of biodiversity in the world. Its territory encompasses Amazon rainforest, highlands, grasslands, and deserts, and it is the only country in South America with coastlines and islands along both the Atlantic and Pacific. Colombia is considered a regional actor in international affairs, being the only NATO Global Partner in Latin America and a member of several major global and regional institutions, including the OECD, the UN, the World Trade Organization, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance, the Association of Caribbean States, an associate member of Mercosur and other international organizations. Colombia's diversified economy is the third largest in South America, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term growth prospects. It is subsequently classified as part of the CIVETS group of leading emerging markets. More about Colombia... Selected article - Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto. Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level. It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases and take gravity measurements in an attempt to be able to predict future eruptions. It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia. Read more... List of selected articles Cali Medellín Gran Colombia Bolívar (TV series) Policarpa Salavarrieta Armero tragedy Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 Nevado del Ruiz The General in His Labyrinth Centurion Air Cargo Flight 164 Colombian conflict Epítome de la conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada Palace of Justice siege Medellín Cartel Colombian parapolitics scandal Operacion Fenix Pombo Musical University of Valle La tragedia del silencio Cesar-Ranchería Basin Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No Monster of Lake Tota Eastern Hills, Bogotá América de Cali Volví a Nacer Geoffroy's tamarin Cotton-top tamarin Bogotá Medellín Barranquilla Muisca art List of international goals scored by Radamel Falcao Colombian peace process Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Spanish conquest of the Muisca El Espectador José María Campo Serrano Honda Group, Colombia Electricity sector in Colombia National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia Ocetá Páramo LGBT rights in Colombia Related portals Geography Latin America Caribbean Venezuela Categories Select [►] to view subcategories ▼ Colombia ► Colombia-related lists ► Buildings and structures in Colombia ► Colombian culture ► Economy of Colombia ► Education in Colombia ► Geography of Colombia ► Government of Colombia ► Health in Colombia ► History of Colombia ► Organisations based in Colombia ► Colombian people ► Politics of Colombia ► Colombian society ► Images of Colombia ► Colombia stubs Selected biography - América de Cali S. A., best known as América de Cali or América, is a Colombian football team based in Cali and playing in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at the Olímpico Pascual Guerrero stadium. The club is regarded by FIFA and IFFHS as the strongest football team in Colombia and the ninth strongest in South America during the 20th century. IFFHS also once ranked América de Cali as the second best club side in the world, behind only Italian champions Juventus. The club is one of the oldest in Colombia; they were founded in 1927, and trace their origins to the América Football Club, which was founded in 1918. They are also one of the most successful Colombian clubs at both the domestic and international levels, winning fourteen national titles and reaching the Copa Libertadores finals four times (including three straight from 1985 to 1987). Although they have never won the Copa Libertadores, they have won two international tournaments, the 1999 Copa Merconorte and the 1975 Copa Simón Bolívar. Read more... List of biography articles Juan Pablo Montoya Policarpa Salavarrieta Piedad Córdoba Omayra Sánchez Pablo Escobar Shakira Édgar Rentería Gabriel García Márquez Luis Muriel Manuel Torres (diplomat) Volví a Nacer José María Campo Serrano Luis Carlos Galán Ocetá Páramo León de Greiff Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Juan Pablo Montoya Cesar-Ranchería Basin Santiago Martínez Delgado Juanes Rosibel García Tatiana Calderón General images The following are images from various Colombia-related articles on Wikipedia. Casa de Nariño, seat of the executive power. A lowland Zenú cast-gold bird ornament that served as a staff head, dated 490 CE. This culture used alloys with a high gold content. The crest of the bird consists of the typical Zenú semi-filigree. Regular filigree is braided wire, but the Zenú cast theirs. The zipa used to cover his body in gold and, from his Muisca raft, he offered treasures to the Guatavita goddess in the middle of the sacred lake. This old Muisca tradition became the origin of the El Dorado legend. Blacks and Whites' Carnival The arhuaca mochila is a popular Colombian artisan bag. A sculpture by Colombian painter and sculptor Fernando Botero in Jerusalem Colombian fans at the 2014 FIFA World Cup The main leader of the Muisca on the Bogotá savanna at the time of conquest was Tisquesusa. He led numerous efforts to resist Spanish invasion but was eventually killed in battle. His nephew, Sagipa, succeeded him and soon submitted to the conquistadors. Cathedral in downtown Bogota, heritage of Spanish architecture Colombia's peace protests, 2007. Ciudad Perdida is a major settlement believed to have been founded around 800 CE. It consists of a series of 169 terraces carved into the mountainside, a net of tiled roads and several small circular plazas. The entrance can only be accessed by a climb up some 1,200 stone steps through dense jungle. Barranquilla's Carnival El Infiernito, a pre-Columbian archaeoastronomical site located on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the outskirts of Villa de Leyva Congress of Colombia in Bogotá. The vueltiao hat, a handicraft of the Zenú people, is a national symbol Major areas of pre-Columbian civilization in the Americas:   Arctic   Northwest   Aridoamerica   Mesoamerica   Isthmo-Colombian   Caribbean   Amazon   Andes Tairona figure pendants in gold. Modern mall in Bogotá Villa de Leyva, a historical and cultural landmark of Colombia San Agustín Archaeological Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site), contains the largest collection of religious monuments and megalithic sculptures in Latin America and is considered the world's largest necropolis. Holy Week in Popayán Ruana garments and pottery ornaments in Ráquira Shopping mall in Barranquilla Cutlet "Valluna", a typical dish of the Valle del Cauca region of Colombia and the Afro-Colombian culture of the area near the Pacífic Ocean. It includes a milanesa, usually prepared with a lean pork loin beef or chicken can also be used. Traditional accompaniments include rice, sliced tomatoes, onions, chopped fried plantains or fries and a drink called "Lulada" made with lulo fruit, water and sugar The Teatro de Cristóbal Colón (The Christopher Columbus Theatre), also known as the "Teatro Colón", is located in Bogotá, Colombia and it is the nation's National Theatre. The Pasto Lacquer is a decorative handicraft of precolumbian origin, that uses a type of natural rubber (the resin of the Mopa-mopa tree, Elavagia pastoensis Mora) which is colored and then stretched over woodwork pieces. The Cartagena Film Festival is the oldest cinema event in Latin America. The central focus is on films from Ibero-America. Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia. Fabrication of Tiples is traditional in Chiquinquirá Golden statuette of a Quimbaya cacique. Natural regions of Colombia.   Amazon Region   Andean Region   Caribbean Region   Insular Region   Orinoquía Region   Pacific Region An example of folkloric dancing in Colombia. Mola fabric produced by the indigenous Kuna people Selected picture A transportation map of Colombia Far view of Las Lajas Sanctuary and its surroundings A view of the center of Barranquilla A mask that is worn by the Kamëntsá people during ceremonies and festivals Tall ship ARC Gloria, insignia of Colombia. She is a training ship and official flagship of the Colombian Navy. Bogotá panorama viewed from Torre Colpatriaj Tairona pendant A view of Las Lajas Sanctuary Dunes in Macuira National Park, La Guajira Desert, Colombia Vocalist Catalina Garcia of Monsieur Periné at the 39th music festival "Bardentreffen" 2014 in Nuremberg, Germany Villa de Leyva is a colonial town 40 kms west of Tunja with a population of 4,000 people Medellín neighborhoods La Sierra and Las Estancias Largest cities Topics Wikiprojects WikiProject Colombia WikiProject Colombian Departments Things you can do If you are interested in helping with this portal, please join WikiProject Colombia or one of its child projects: WikiProject Colombian Departments Article requests History (High priority) Coconuco See Coconucan language Pacabuy See Pacabuey language Pasto people Umbrá Wiwa people See Wiwa language Society Social structure of Colombia - Colombian middle class - Colombian upper class - Colombian working class - Colombian lower class All currently covered by Social class in Colombia – needs expansion with references Administradora de riesgos profesionales Briefly mentioned on the Spanish Wikipedia under Sistema General de Riesgos Laborales (Colombia) Scouting Jorge Cock Quevedo Briefly mentioned in Scouting and Guiding in Colombia – no article exists for him on the Spanish Wikipedia People (Medium priority) Guillermo Pallomari - Eudoro Galarza Ossa - Jaime Michelsen Uribe - Álvaro García Romero - William Montes - Fredy Valencia Media (Medium Priority) Aló (magazine) Credencial (magazine) Diners (magazine) Government and political affairs (High priority) Ralito Accord - Chambacú Affair - Demobilization process - Caja Agraria - Instituto de Crédito Territorial - 1939 Gachetá massacre - Kidnapping of Íngrid Betancourt - Extradition Treaty Wikipedia's portals Portals Activities Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Random portal Sources