Regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota) are the second-level administrative subdivision in Indonesia, immediately below the provinces, and above the districts. Regencies are roughly equivalent to American counties, although most cities in the United States are below the counties.[1] Following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and city municipalities became the key administrative units responsible for providing most governmental services.[2] Each of regencies and cities has their own local government and legislative body.
The difference between a regency and a city lies in demography, size, and economy. Generally, a regency comprises a rural area larger than a city, but also often includes various towns. A city usually has non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent (bupati), while a city is headed by a mayor (wali kota). All regents, mayors, and members of legislatures are directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term which can be renewed once. Each regency or city is divided further into districts more commonly known as kecamatan (except in Western New Guinea, where distrik is used).
An administrative city (kota administrasi) or an administrative regency (kabupaten administrasi) is a subdivision of province without its own local legislatures (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah). The leader of administrative city or administrative regency is directly appointed by the governor. This type of city and regency in Indonesia is only found in Jakarta which consisted of five administrative cities and one administrative regency.
As of January 2023[update], there were 514-second-level administrative divisions (416 regencies and 98 cities) in Indonesia.[3] The list below groups regencies and cities in Indonesia by provinces. Each regency has an administrative centre, the regency seat.[4]
List of regencies and cities by provinceEdit
SumatraEdit
AcehEdit
Code | Name | Capital | Area (km2) | Population (mid 2021) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regency | ||||
11.01 | South Aceh | Tapaktuan | 3,841.60 | 234,630 |
11.02 | Southeast Aceh | Kutacane | 4,231.43 | 224,120 |
11.03 | East Aceh | Idi Rayeuk | 6,286.01 | 427,030 |
11.04 | Central Aceh | Takengon | 4,318.39 | 218,680 |
11.05 | West Aceh | Meulaboh | 2,927.95 | 200,580 |
11.06 | Aceh Besar | Jantho | 2,969.00 | 409,530 |
11.07 | Pidie | Sigli | 3,086.95 | 439,400 |
11.08 | North Aceh | Lhoksukon | 3,236.86 | 608,110 |
11.09 | Simeulue | Sinabang | 2,051.48 | 93,760 |
11.10 | Aceh Singkil | Singkil | 2,185.00 | 128,380 |
11.11 | Bireuën | Bireuën | 1,901.20 | 439,790 |
11.12 | Southwest Aceh | Blangpidie | 1,490.60 | 152,660 |
11.13 | Gayo Lues | Blangkejeren | 5,719.58 | 101,100 |
11.14 | Aceh Jaya | Calang | 3,812.99 | 94,420 |
11.15 | Nagan Raya | Suka Makmue | 3,363.72 | 170,590 |
11.16 | Aceh Tamiang | Karang Baru | 1,956.72 | 297,520 |
11.17 | Bener Meriah | Simpang Tiga Redelong | 1,454.09 | 164,520 |
11.18 | Pidie Jaya | Meureudu | 1,073.60 | 160,330 |
City | ||||
11.71 | Banda Aceh | 61.36 | 255,030 | |
11.72 | Sabang | 153.00 | 42,070 | |
11.73 | Lhokseumawe | 181.06 | 189,940 | |
11.74 | Langsa | 262.41 | 188,880 | |
11.75 | Subulussalam | 1,391.00 | 92,670 |
North SumatraEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Asahan | Kisaran | 0.699 (Medium) |
2 | Batubara | Limapuluh | 0.684 (Medium) |
3 | Central Tapanuli | Pandan | 0.689 (Medium) |
4 | Dairi | Sidikalang | 0.714 (High) |
5 | Deli Serdang | Lubuk Pakam | 0.754 (High) |
6 | Humbang Hasundutan | Dolok Sanggul | 0.688 (Medium) |
7 | Karo | Kabanjahe | 0.743 (High) |
8 | Labuhan Batu | Rantau Prapat | 0.719 (High) |
9 | Langkat | Stabat | 0.708 (High) |
10 | Mandailing Natal | Panyabungan | 0.665 (Medium) |
11 | Nias | Gunungsitoli | 0.616 (Medium) |
12 | North Labuhan Batu | Aek Kanopan | 0.714 (High) |
13 | North Nias | Lotu | 0.619 (Medium) |
14 | North Padang Lawas | Gunung Tua | 0.692 (Medium) |
15 | North Tapanuli | Tarutung | 0.733 (High) |
16 | Padang Lawas | Sibuhuan | 0.682 (Medium) |
17 | Pakpak Bharat | Salak | 0.675 (Medium) |
18 | Samosir | Pangururan | 0.706 (High) |
19 | Serdang Bedagai | Sei Rampah | 0.702 (High) |
20 | Simalungun | Raya | 0.729 (High) |
21 | South Labuhan Batu | Kota Pinang | 0.714 (High) |
22 | South Nias | Teluk Dalam | 0.616 (Medium) |
23 | South Tapanuli | Sipirok | 0.698 (Medium) |
24 | Toba | Balige | 0.749 (High) |
25 | West Nias | Lahomi | 0.611 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Binjai | 0.758 (High) | |
2 | Gunungsitoli | 0.693 (Medium) | |
3 | Medan | 0.809 (Very High) | |
4 | Padang Sidempuan | 0.751 (High) | |
5 | Pematangsiantar | 0.786 (High) | |
6 | Sibolga | 0.734 (High) | |
7 | Tanjungbalai | 0.685 (Medium) | |
8 | Tebing Tinggi | 0.751 (High) |
West SumatraEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Agam | Lubuk Basung | 0.724 (High) |
2 | Dharmasraya | Pulau Punjung | 0.715 (High) |
3 | Lima Puluh Kota | Sarilamak | 0.697 (Medium) |
4 | Mentawai Islands | Tuapeijat | 0.613 (Medium) |
5 | Padang Pariaman | Parit Malintang | 0.706 (High) |
6 | Pasaman | Lubuk Sikaping | 0.665 (Medium) |
7 | Sijunjung | Muaro Sijunjung | 0.676 (Medium) |
8 | Solok | Arosuka | 0.691 (Medium) |
9 | Pesisir Selatan | Painan | 0.701 (High) |
10 | South Solok | Padang Aro | 0.689 (Medium) |
11 | Tanah Datar | Batusangkar | 0.721 (High) |
12 | West Pasaman | Simpang Ampek | 0.682 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Bukittinggi | 0.807 (Very High) | |
2 | Padang | 0.827 (Very High) | |
3 | Padang Panjang | 0.780 (High) | |
4 | Pariaman | 0.767 (High) | |
5 | Payakumbuh | 0.789 (High) | |
6 | Sawahlunto | 0.724 (High) | |
7 | Solok | 0.783 (High) |
JambiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Batang Hari | Muara Bulian | 0.697 (Medium) |
2 | Bungo | Muara Bungo | 0.699 (Medium) |
3 | East Tanjung Jabung | Muara Sabak | 0.639 (Medium) |
4 | Kerinci | Siulak | 0.709 (High) |
5 | Merangin | Bangko | 0.691 (Medium) |
6 | Muaro Jambi | Sengeti | 0.690 (Medium) |
7 | Sarolangun | Sarolangun | 0.697 (Medium) |
8 | Tebo | Muara Tebo | 0.690 (Medium) |
9 | West Tanjung Jabung | Kuala Tungkal | 0.675 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Jambi | 0.783 (High) | |
2 | Sungai Penuh | 0.754 (High) |
RiauEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bengkalis | Bengkalis | 0.734 (High) |
2 | Indragiri Hilir | Tembilahan | 0.668 (Medium) |
3 | Indragiri Hulu | Rengat | 0.701 (High) |
4 | Kampar | Bangkinang | 0.732 (High) |
5 | Kuantan Singingi | Teluk Kuantan | 0.708 (High) |
6 | Meranti Islands | Selat Panjang | 0.659 (Medium) |
7 | Pelalawan | Pangkalan Kerinci | 0.719 (High) |
8 | Rokan Hulu | Pasir Pangaraian | 0.699 (Medium) |
9 | Rokan Hilir | Bagansiapiapi | 0.694 (Medium) |
10 | Siak | Siak Sri Indrapura | 0.741 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Dumai | 0.746 (High) | |
2 | Pekanbaru | 0.814 (Very High) |
BengkuluEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Central Bengkulu | Karang Tinggi | 0.673 (Medium) |
2 | Kaur | Bintuhan | 0.668 (Medium) |
3 | Kepahiang | Kepahiang | 0.678 (Medium) |
4 | Lebong | Muara Aman | 0.668 (Medium) |
5 | Mukomuko | Mukomuko | 0.681 (Medium) |
6 | North Bengkulu | Arga Makmur | 0.688 (Medium) |
7 | Rejang Lebong | Curup | 0.701 (High) |
8 | Seluma | Pasar Tais | 0.667 (Medium) |
9 | South Bengkulu | Manna | 0.703 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Bengkulu | 0.804 (Very High) |
South SumatraEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Banyuasin | Pangkalan Balai | 0.669 (Medium) |
2 | East Ogan Komering Ulu | Martapura | 0.694 (Medium) |
3 | Empat Lawang | Tebing Tinggi | 0.651 (Medium) |
4 | Lahat | Lahat | 0.676 (Medium) |
5 | Muara Enim | Muara Enim | 0.689 (Medium) |
6 | Musi Banyuasin | Sekayu | 0.678 (Medium) |
7 | Musi Rawas | Muara Beliti | 0.669 (Medium) |
8 | North Musi Rawas | Rupit | 0.643 (Medium) |
9 | Ogan Ilir | Indralaya | 0.672 (Medium) |
10 | Ogan Komering Ilir | Kayuagung | 0.669 (Medium) |
11 | Ogan Komering Ulu | Baturaja | 0.695 (Medium) |
12 | Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir | Talang Ubi | 0.643 (Medium) |
13 | South Ogan Komering Ulu | Muaradua | 0.654 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Lubuklinggau | 0.748 (High) | |
2 | Pagar Alam | 0.684 (Medium) | |
3 | Palembang | 0.784 (High) | |
4 | Prabumulih | 0.744 (High) |
LampungEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Central Lampung | Gunung Sugih | 0.700 (High) |
2 | East Lampung | Sukadana | 0.693 (Medium) |
3 | Mesuji | Mesuji | 0.635 (Medium) |
4 | North Lampung | Kotabumi | 0.676 (Medium) |
5 | Pesawaran | Gedong Tataan | 0.658 (Medium) |
6 | Pringsewu | Pringsewu | 0.699 (Medium) |
7 | South Lampung | Kalianda | 0.682 (Medium) |
8 | Tanggamus | Kota Agung Pusat | 0.664 (Medium) |
9 | Tulang Bawang | Menggala | 0.683 (Medium) |
10 | Way Kanan | Blambangan Umpu | 0.672 (Medium) |
11 | West Lampung | Liwa | 0.675 (Medium) |
12 | Pesisir Barat | Krui | 0.638 (Medium) |
13 | West Tulang Bawang | Panaragan Jaya | 0.659 (Medium) |
No | City | ||
1 | Bandar Lampung | 0.773 (High) | |
2 | Metro | 0.768 (High) |
Bangka Belitung IslandsEdit
Code | Name | Capital | Area (km2) | Population (2019) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Regency | ||||
19.01 | Bangka | Sungailiat | 2,950.68 | 317,052 |
19.02 | Belitung | Tanjung Pandan | 2,293.61 | 169,053 |
19.03 | South Bangka | Toboali | 3,607.08 | 176,658 |
19.04 | Central Bangka | Koba | 2,155.77 | 182,286 |
19.05 | West Bangka | Muntok | 2,820.61 | 197,066 |
19.06 | East Belitung | Manggar | 2,506.91 | 124,079 |
City | ||||
19.71 | Pangkal Pinang | 89.40 | 213,573 |
Riau IslandsEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Anambas Islands | Tarempa | 0.685 (Medium) |
2 | Bintan | Bandar Seri Bentan | 0.739 (High) |
3 | Karimun | Tanjung Balai Karimun | 0.711 (High) |
4 | Lingga | Daik | 0.649 (Medium) |
5 | Natuna | Ranai | 0.726 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Batam | 0.811 (Very High) | |
2 | Tanjung Pinang | 0.787 (High) |
JavaEdit
Special Capital Region of JakartaEdit
No | Administrative regency | Government | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Thousand Islands | Pramuka Island | 0.714 (High) |
No | Administrative city | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Central Jakarta | Menteng | 0.812 (Very High) |
2 | East Jakarta | Jatinegara | 0.827 (Very High) |
3 | North Jakarta | Koja | 0.802 (Very High) |
4 | South Jakarta | Kebayoran Baru | 0.848 (Very High) |
5 | West Jakarta | Kembangan | 0.812 (Very High) |
BantenEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Lebak | Rangkasbitung | 0.639 (Medium) |
2 | Pandeglang | Pandeglang | 0.649 (Medium) |
3 | Serang | Ciruas | 0.664 (Medium) |
4 | Tangerang | Tigaraksa | 0.719 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Cilegon | 0.730 (High) | |
2 | Serang | 0.721 (High) | |
3 | South Tangerang | 0.815 ( Very High) | |
4 | Tangerang | 0.784 (High) |
West JavaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bandung | Soreang | 0.724 (High) |
2 | Bekasi | Cikarang | 0.739 (High) |
3 | Bogor | Cibinong | 0.707 (High) |
4 | Ciamis | Ciamis | 0.704 (High) |
5 | Cianjur | Cianjur | 0.654 (Medium) |
6 | Cirebon | Sumber | 0.687 (Medium) |
7 | Garut | South Tarogong | 0.662 (Medium) |
8 | Indramayu | Indramayu | 0.669 (Medium) |
9 | Karawang | Karawang | 0.709 (High) |
10 | Kuningan | Kuningan | 0.691 (Medium) |
11 | Majalengka | Majalengka | 0.675 (Medium) |
12 | Pangandaran | Parigi | 0.682 (Medium) |
13 | Purwakarta | Purwakarta | 0.707 (High) |
14 | Subang | Subang | 0.687 (Medium) |
15 | Sukabumi | Pelabuhan Ratu | 0.669 (Medium) |
16 | Sumedang | Sumedang | 0.715 (High) |
17 | Tasikmalaya | Singaparna | 0.656 (Medium) |
18 | West Bandung | Ngamprah | 0.683 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Bandung | 0.816 (Very High) | |
2 | Banjar | 0.718 (High) | |
3 | Bekasi | 0.816 (Very High) | |
4 | Bogor | 0.762 (High) | |
5 | Cimahi | 0.781 (High) | |
6 | Cirebon | 0.749 (High) | |
7 | Depok | 0.808 (Very High) | |
8 | Sukabumi | 0.743 (High) | |
9 | Tasikmalaya | 0.728 (High) |
Central JavaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Banjarnegara | Banjarnegara | 0.673 (Medium) |
2 | Banyumas | Purwokerto | 0.719 (High) |
3 | Batang | Batang | 0.684 (Medium) |
4 | Blora | Blora | 0.687 (Medium) |
5 | Boyolali | Boyolali | 0.738 (High) |
6 | Brebes | Brebes | 0.661 (Medium) |
7 | Cilacap | Cilacap | 0.699 (Medium) |
8 | Demak | Demak | 0.719 (High) |
9 | Grobogan | Purwodadi | 0.699 (Medium) |
10 | Jepara | Jepara | 0.719 (High) |
11 | Karanganyar | Karanganyar | 0.759 (High) |
12 | Kebumen | Kebumen | 0.696 (Medium) |
13 | Kendal | Kendal | 0.719 (High) |
14 | Klaten | Klaten | 0.753 (High) |
15 | Kudus | Kudus | 0.749 (High) |
16 | Magelang | Mungkid | 0.699 (Medium) |
17 | Pati | Pati | 0.714 (High) |
18 | Pekalongan | Kajen | 0.697 (Medium) |
19 | Pemalang | Pemalang | 0.663 (Medium) |
20 | Purbalingga | Purbalingga | 0.689 (Medium) |
21 | Purworejo | Purworejo | 0.725 (High) |
22 | Rembang | Rembang | 0.702 (High) |
23 | Semarang | Ungaran | 0.742 (High) |
24 | Sragen | Sragen | 0.734 (High) |
25 | Sukoharjo | Sukoharjo | 0.768 (High) |
26 | Tegal | Slawi | 0.682 (Medium) |
27 | Temanggung | Temanggung | 0.696 (Medium) |
28 | Wonogiri | Wonogiri | 0.699 (Medium) |
29 | Wonosobo | Wonosobo | 0.683 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Magelang | 0.788 (High) | |
2 | Pekalongan | 0.748 (High) | |
3 | Salatiga | 0.831 (Very High) | |
4 | Semarang | 0.832 (Very High) | |
5 | Surakarta | 0.819 (Very High) | |
6 | Tegal | 0.749 (High) |
East JavaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bangkalan | Bangkalan | 0.638 (Medium) |
2 | Banyuwangi | Banyuwangi | 0.706 (High) |
3 | Blitar | Kanigoro | 0.706 (High) |
4 | Bojonegoro | Bojonegoro | 0.688 (Medium) |
5 | Bondowoso | Bondowoso | 0.661 (Medium) |
6 | Gresik | Gresik | 0.761 (High) |
7 | Jember | Jember | 0.667 (Medium) |
8 | Jombang | Jombang | 0.729 (High) |
9 | Kediri | Ngasem | 0.719 (High) |
10 | Lamongan | Lamongan | 0.726 (High) |
11 | Lumajang | Lumajang | 0.653 (Medium) |
12 | Madiun | Caruban | 0.717 (High) |
13 | Magetan | Magetan | 0.735 (High) |
14 | Malang | Kepanjen | 0.704 (High) |
15 | Mojokerto | Mojosari | 0.735 (High) |
16 | Nganjuk | Nganjuk | 0.717 (High) |
17 | Ngawi | Ngawi | 0.704 (High) |
18 | Pacitan | Pacitan | 0.682 (Medium) |
19 | Pamekasan | Pamekasan | 0.659 (Medium) |
20 | Pasuruan | Bangil | 0.683 (Medium) |
21 | Ponorogo | Ponorogo | 0.706 (High) |
22 | Probolinggo | Kraksaan | 0.656 (Medium) |
23 | Sampang | Sampang | 0.619 (Medium) |
24 | Sidoarjo | Sidoarjo | 0.801 (Very High) |
25 | Situbondo | Situbondo | 0.671 (Medium) |
26 | Sumenep | Sumenep | 0.662 (Medium) |
27 | Trenggalek | Trenggalek | 0.695 (Medium) |
28 | Tuban | Tuban | 0.684 (Medium) |
29 | Tulungagung | Tulungagung | 0.726 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Batu | 0.759 (High) | |
2 | Blitar | 0.786 (High) | |
3 | Kediri | 0.781 (High) | |
4 | Madiun | 0.809 (Very High) | |
5 | Malang | 0.813 (Very High) | |
6 | Mojokerto | 0.779 (High) | |
7 | Pasuruan | 0.753 (High) | |
8 | Probolinggo | 0.733 (High) | |
9 | Surabaya | 0.822 (Very High) |
Special Region of YogyakartaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bantul | Bantul | 0.800 (Very High) |
2 | Gunung Kidul | Wonosari | 0.699 (Medium) |
3 | Kulon Progo | Wates | 0.744 (High) |
4 | Sleman | Sleman | 0.839 (Very High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Yogyakarta | 0.867 (Very High) |
Lesser Sunda IslandsEdit
BaliEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Badung | Mangupura | 0.816 (Very High) |
2 | Bangli | Bangli | 0.693 (Medium) |
3 | Buleleng | Singaraja | 0.723 (High) |
4 | Gianyar | Gianyar | 0.771 (High) |
5 | Jembrana | Negara | 0.724 (High) |
6 | Karangasem | Amlapura | 0.673 (Medium) |
7 | Klungkung | Semarapura | 0.717 (High) |
8 | Tabanan | Tabanan | 0.762 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Denpasar | 0.837 (Very High) |
West Nusa TenggaraEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bima | Woha | 0.664 (Medium) |
2 | Central Lombok | Praya | 0.664 (Medium) |
3 | Dompu | Dompu | 0.678 (Medium) |
4 | East Lombok | Selong | 0.662 (Medium) |
5 | North Lombok | Tanjung | 0.645 (Medium) |
6 | Sumbawa | Sumbawa Besar | 0.676 (Medium) |
7 | West Lombok | Gerung | 0.680 (Medium) |
8 | West Sumbawa | Taliwang | 0.715 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Bima | 0.758 (High) | |
2 | Mataram | 0.791 (High) |
East Nusa TenggaraEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Alor | Kalabahi | 0.610 (Medium) |
2 | Belu | Atambua | 0.625 (Medium) |
3 | Central Sumba | Waibakul | 0.610 (Medium) |
4 | East Flores | Larantuka | 0.643 (Medium) |
5 | East Manggarai | Borong | 0.605 (Medium) |
6 | East Sumba | Waingapu | 0.653 (Medium) |
7 | Ende | Ende | 0.672 (Medium) |
8 | Kupang | Oelamasi | 0.644 (Medium) |
9 | Lembata | Lewoleba | 0.649 (Medium) |
10 | Malaka | Betun | 0.603 (Medium) |
11 | Manggarai | Ruteng | 0.678 (Medium) |
12 | Nagekeo | Mbay | 0.659 (Medium) |
13 | Ngada | Bajawa | 0.678 (Medium) |
14 | North Central Timor | Kefamenanu | 0.633 (Medium) |
15 | Rote Ndao | Baa | 0.622 (Medium) |
16 | Sabu Raijua | West Savu | 0.567 (Medium) |
17 | Sikka | Maumere | 0.648 (Medium) |
18 | South Central Timor | Soe | 0.622 (Medium) |
19 | Southwest Sumba | Tambolaka | 0.626 (Medium) |
20 | West Manggarai | Labuan Bajo | 0.635 (Medium) |
21 | West Sumba | Waikabubak | 0.636 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Kupang | 0.796 (High) |
KalimantanEdit
West KalimantanEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bengkayang | Bengkayang | 0.676 (Medium) |
2 | Kapuas Hulu | Putussibau | 0.657 (Medium) |
3 | North Kayong | Sukadana | 0.627 (Medium) |
4 | Ketapang | Ketapang | 0.672 (Medium) |
5 | Kubu Raya | Sungai Raya | 0.678 (Medium) |
6 | Landak | Ngabang | 0.659 (Medium) |
7 | Melawi | Nanga Pinoh | 0.655 (Medium) |
8 | Mempawah | Mempawah | 0.655 (Medium) |
9 | Sambas | Sambas | 0.670 (Medium) |
10 | Sanggau | Sanggau | 0.657 (Medium) |
11 | Sekadau | Sekadau | 0.643 (Medium) |
12 | Sintang | Sintang | 0.667 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Pontianak | 0.794 (High) | |
2 | Singkawang | 0.717 (High) |
South KalimantanEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Balangan | Paringin | 0.684 (Medium) |
2 | Banjar | Martapura | 0.689 (Medium) |
3 | Barito Kuala | Marabahan | 0.662 (Medium) |
4 | Central Hulu Sungai | Barabai | 0.688 (Medium) |
5 | Kotabaru | Kotabaru | 0.689 (Medium) |
6 | North Hulu Sungai | Amuntai | 0.655 (Medium) |
7 | South Hulu Sungai | Kandangan | 0.668 (Medium) |
8 | Tabalong | Tanjung | 0.719 (High) |
9 | Tanah Laut | Pelaihari | 0.690 (Medium) |
10 | Tanah Bumbu | Batulicin | 0.705 (High) |
11 | Tapin | Rantau | 0.701 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Banjarbaru | 0.792 (High) | |
2 | Banjarmasin | 0.772 (High) |
Central KalimantanEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | East Barito | Tamiang Layang | 0.713 (High) |
2 | East Kotawaringin | Sampit | 0.712 (High) |
3 | Gunung Mas | Kuala Kurun | 0.707 (High) |
4 | Kapuas | Kuala Kapuas | 0.694 (Medium) |
5 | Katingan | Kasongan | 0.686 (Medium) |
6 | Lamandau | Nanga Bulik | 0.705 (High) |
7 | Murung Raya | Puruk Cahu | 0.679 (Medium) |
8 | North Barito | Muara Teweh | 0.705 (High) |
9 | Pulang Pisau | Pulang Pisau | 0.683 (Medium) |
10 | Sukamara | Sukamara | 0.679 (Medium) |
11 | Seruyan | Kuala Pembuang | 0.676 (Medium) |
12 | South Barito | Buntok | 0.701 (High) |
13 | West Kotawaringin | Pangkalan Bun | 0.729 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Palangka Raya | 0.808 (Very High) |
East KalimantanEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Berau | Tanjung Redeb | 0.749 (High) |
2 | East Kutai | Sangatta | 0.735 (High) |
3 | Kutai Kartanegara | Tenggarong | 0.738 (High) |
4 | Mahakam Ulu | Ujoh Bilang | 0.676 (Medium) |
5 | Paser | Tana Paser | 0.723 (High) |
6 | Penajam North Paser | Penajam | 0.716 (High) |
7 | West Kutai | Sendawar | 0.716 (High) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Balikpapan | 0.801 (Very High) | |
2 | Bontang | 0.801 (Very High) | |
3 | Samarinda | 0.802 (Very High) |
North KalimantanEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bulungan | Tanjung Selor | 0.717 (High) |
2 | Malinau | Malinau | 0.721 (High) |
3 | Nunukan | Nunukan | 0.663 (Medium) |
4 | Tana Tidung | Tideng Pale | 0.678 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Tarakan | 0.761 (High) |
SulawesiEdit
GorontaloEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Boalemo | Tilamuta | 0.655 (Medium) |
2 | Bone Bolango | Suwawa | 0.696 (Medium) |
3 | Gorontalo | Limboto | 0.667 (Medium) |
4 | North Gorontalo | Kwandang | 0.645 (Medium) |
5 | Pohuwato | Marisa | 0.653 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Gorontalo | 0.771 (High) |
South SulawesiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bantaeng | Bantaeng | 0.683 (Medium) |
2 | Barru | Barru | 0.706 (High) |
3 | Bone | Watampone | 0.657 (Medium) |
4 | Bulukumba | Bulukumba | 0.683 (Medium) |
5 | East Luwu | Malili | 0.728 (High) |
6 | Enrekang | Enrekang | 0.727 (High) |
7 | Gowa | Sungguminasa | 0.697 (Medium) |
8 | Jeneponto | Bontosunggu | 0.640 (Medium) |
9 | Luwu | Belopa | 0.704 (High) |
10 | North Luwu | Masamba | 0.695 (Medium) |
11 | North Toraja | Rantepao | 0.692 (Medium) |
12 | Maros | Maros | 0.695 (Medium) |
13 | Pangkajene and Islands Regency | Pangkajane | 0.683 (Medium) |
14 | Pinrang | Pinrang | 0.711 (High) |
15 | Selayar Islands | Benteng | 0.669 (Medium) |
16 | Sinjai | Sinjai | 0.671 (Medium) |
17 | Sidenreng Rappang | Pangkajene Sidenreng | 0.711 (High) |
18 | Soppeng | Watansoppeng | 0.683 (Medium) |
19 | Takalar | Pattallassang | 0.669 (Medium) |
20 | Tana Toraja | Makale | 0.683 (Medium) |
21 | Wajo | Sengkang | 0.691 (Medium) |
No | City | ||
1 | Makassar | 0.823 (Very High) | |
2 | Palopo | 0.779 (High) | |
3 | Parepare | 0.776 (High) |
West SulawesiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Central Mamuju | Tobadak | 0.651 (Medium) |
2. | Majene | Majene | 0.666 (Medium) |
3. | Mamasa | Mamasa | 0.653 (Medium) |
4. | Mamuju | Mamuju | 0.677 (Medium) |
5. | Pasangkayu | Pasangkayu | 0.673 (Medium) |
6. | Polewali Mandar | Polewali | 0.637 (Medium) |
Southeast SulawesiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bombana | Rumbia | 0.657 (Medium) |
2 | Buton | Pasarwajo | 0.658 (Medium) |
3 | Central Buton | Labungkari | 0.641 (Medium) |
4 | East Kolaka | Tirawuta | 0.665 (Medium) |
5 | Kolaka | Kolaka | 0.730 (High) |
6 | Konawe | Unaaha | 0.713 (High) |
7 | Konawe Islands | Langara | 0.651 (Medium) |
8 | Muna | Raha | 0.689 (Medium) |
9 | North Buton | Buranga | 0.677 (Medium) |
10 | North Kolaka | Lasusua | 0.689 (Medium) |
11 | North Konawe | Asera | 0.692 (Medium) |
12 | South Buton | Batauga | 0.644 (Medium) |
13 | South Konawe | Andoolo | 0.679 (Medium) |
14 | Wakatobi | Wangiwangi | 0.689 (Medium) |
15 | West Muna | Laworo | 0.645 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Baubau | 0.752 (High) | |
2 | Kendari | 0.829 (Very High) |
Central SulawesiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Banggai | Luwuk | 0.704 (High) |
2 | Banggai Islands | Salakan | 0.651 (Medium) |
3 | Banggai Laut | Banggai | 0.653 (Medium) |
4 | Buol | Buol | 0.677 (Medium) |
5 | Donggala | Banawa | 0.655 (Medium) |
6 | Morowali | Bungku | 0.720 (High) |
7 | North Morowali | Kolonodale | 0.685 (Medium) |
8 | Parigi Moutong | Parigi | 0.655 (Medium) |
9 | Poso | Poso | 0.714 (High) |
10 | Sigi | Sigi Biromaru | 0.682 (Medium) |
11 | Tojo Una-Una | Ampana | 0.645 (Medium) |
12 | Tolitoli | Tolitoli | 0.654 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Palu | 0.815 (Very High) |
North SulawesiEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Bolaang Mongondow | Lolak | 0.678 (Medium) |
2 | East Bolaang Mongondow | Tutuyan | 0.661 (Medium) |
3 | Minahasa | Tondano | 0.756 (High) |
4 | North Bolaang Mongondow | Boroko | 0.669 (Medium) |
5 | North Minahasa | Airmadidi | 0.739 (High) |
6 | Sangihe Islands | Tahuna | 0.705 (High) |
7 | Sitaro Islands | Ondong | 0.675 (Medium) |
8 | South Bolaang Mongondow | Molibagu | 0.653 (Medium) |
9 | South Minahasa | Amurang | 0.717 (High) |
10 | Southeast Minahasa | Ratahan | 0.705 (High) |
11 | Talaud Islands | Melonguane | 0.689 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Bitung | 0.742 (High) | |
2 | Kotamobagu | 0.732 (High) | |
3 | Manado | 0.791 (High) | |
4 | Tomohon | 0.767 (High) |
Maluku IslandsEdit
MalukuEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Aru Islands | Dobo | 0.636 (Medium) |
2 | Buru | Namlea | 0.689 (Medium) |
3 | Central Maluku | Masohi | 0.713 (High) |
4 | East Seram | Bula | 0.637 (Medium) |
5 | South Buru | Namrole | 0.644 (Medium) |
6 | Southeast Maluku | Langgur | 0.659 (Medium) |
7 | Southwest Maluku | Tiakur | 0.655 (Medium) |
8 | Tanimbar Islands | Saumlaki | 0.616 (Medium) |
9 | West Seram | Piru | 0.655 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Ambon | 0.808 (Very High) | |
2 | Tual | 0.677 (Medium) |
North MalukuEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Central Halmahera | Weda | 0.656 (Medium) |
2 | East Halmahera | Maba | 0.667 (Medium) |
3 | Morotai Island | Daruba | 0.624 (Medium) |
4 | North Halmahera | Tobelo | 0.678 (Medium) |
5 | South Halmahera | Labuha | 0.641 (Medium) |
6 | Sula Islands | Sanana | 0.636 (Medium) |
7 | Taliabu Island | Bobong | 0.606 (Medium) |
8 | West Halmahera | Jailolo | 0.653 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Ternate | 0.800 (Very High) | |
2 | Tidore | 0.708 (High) |
Western New GuineaEdit
West PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Fakfak | Fakfak | 0.679 (Medium) |
2 | Kaimana | Kaimana | 0.646 (Medium) |
3 | Manokwari | Manokwari | 0.717 (High) |
4 | Arfak Mountains | Anggi | 0.566 (Medium) |
5 | South Manokwari | Ransiki | 0.597 (Medium) |
6 | Teluk Bintuni | Bintuni | 0.640 (Medium) |
7 | Teluk Wondama | Rasiei | 0.598 (Medium) |
PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Biak Numfor | Biak | 0.726 (High) |
2 | Jayapura | Sentani | 0.718 (High) |
3 | Keerom | Waris | 0.666 (Medium) |
4 | Mamberamo Raya | Burmeso | 0.522 (Low) |
5 | Sarmi | Sarmi | 0.635 (Medium) |
6 | Supiori | Sorendiweri | 0.623 (Medium) |
7 | Waropen | Botawa | 0.653 (Medium) |
8 | Yapen Islands | Serui | 0.678 (Medium) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Jayapura | 0.802 (Very High) |
Highland PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Central Mamberamo | Kobakma | 0.472 (Low) |
2 | Jayawijaya | Wamena | 0.578 (Medium) |
3 | Lanny Jaya | Tiom | 0.480 (Low) |
4 | Nduga | Kenyam | 0.308 (Low) |
5 | Pegunungan Bintang | Oksibil | 0.452 (Low) |
6 | Tolikara | Karubaga | 0.497 (Low) |
7 | Yahukimo | Dekai | 0.493 (Low) |
8 | Yalimo | Elelim | 0.481 (Low) |
Central PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Deiyai | Waghete | 0.501 (Low) |
2 | Dogiyai | Kigamani | 0.554 (Medium) |
3 | Intan Jaya | Sugapa | 0.475 (Low) |
4 | Mimika | Timika | 0.741 (High) |
5 | Nabire | Nabire | 0.685 (Medium) |
6 | Paniai | Enarotali | 0.566 (Medium) |
7 | Puncak | Ilaga | 0.427 (Low) |
8 | Puncak Jaya | Mulia | 0.483 (Low) |
South PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Asmat | Agats | 0.504 (Low) |
2 | Boven Digoel | Tanah Merah | 0.615 (Medium) |
3 | Mappi | Kepi | 0.583 (Medium) |
4 | Merauke | Merauke | 0.699 (Medium) |
Southwest PapuaEdit
No | Regency | Capital | HDI (2019)[5] |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Maybrat | Kumurkek | 0.592 (Medium) |
2 | Raja Ampat | Waisai | 0.637 (Medium) |
3 | Sorong | Aimas | 0.653 (Medium) |
4 | South Sorong | Teminabuan | 0.619 (Medium) |
5 | Tambrauw | Fef | 0.529 (Low) |
No | City | HDI (2019)[5] | |
1 | Sorong | 0.779 (High) |
SuperlativesEdit
Superlatives of cities can be found at Indonesian Wikipedia articles Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk and Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut luas wilayah. Although the least populated regency in Indonesian by various sources is held by Tana Tidung Regency of North Kalimantan,[6] Tambrauw Regency is included here instead because it is effectively has fewer population of about 13 thousand people compared to 24 thousand people of Tana Tidung Regency.
Regencies | Province | Cities | Province | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Largest by area | Merauke Regency[citation needed] | South Papua | Palangka Raya | Central Kalimantan | |
Smallest by area | Administrative Regency of Thousand Islands[citation needed] | Jakarta | Sibolga[7] | North Sumatra | |
Largest by population | Bogor Regency[8] | West Java | East Jakarta | Jakarta | |
Smallest by population | Supiori Regency[9] | Papua | Sabang | Aceh |
Subdivision splitsEdit
Following the Regional Autonomy Act (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah) of 1999, many regencies have been split to create additional regencies and cities, the number of such divisions were thus increased to 514. However, these territorial splits can sometimes lead into corruption cases.[10] As of 2020, any further proposals for territorial splits are still in moratorium.[11]
The latest new regencies split from existing regencies were South Buton Regency, Central Buton Regency and West Muna Regency in July 2014, while the latest cities were South Tangerang and Gunungsitoli in October 2008. There are no cities which have been split into other subdivisions, although the administrative regency of Thousand Islands was split from North Jakarta administrative city in 2001. Despite the name of South Tangerang being similar to that of Tangerang city, South Tangerang was actually split from Tangerang Regency.
In two special cases, all subdivisions of North Maluku and Riau Islands were made from parts of the defunct North Maluku Regency and Riau Islands Regency, respectively. All subdivisions of North Kalimantan are also made from lands of Bulungan Regency, but its area was split to several regencies before the province was established. Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta are the only provinces which have not had any subdivision splits. Listed below are the subdivision splits from 2007 to the most recent ones in 2014; for pre-2007 splits see also main article in Indonesian Wikipedia.
2014Edit
Southeast SulawesiEdit
- South Buton Regency from Buton Regency (23 July 2014)
- Central Buton Regency from Buton Regency (23 July 2014)
- West Muna Regency from Muna Regency (23 July 2014)
2013Edit
South SumatraEdit
- North Musi Rawas Regency from Musi Rawas Regency (10 June 2013)
Central SulawesiEdit
- North Morowali Regency from Morowali Regency (12 April 2013)
Southeast SulawesiEdit
- Konawe Islands Regency from Konawe Regency (12 April 2013)
2012Edit
South SumatraEdit
- Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency from Muara Enim Regency (14 December 2012)
East Nusa TenggaraEdit
- Malaka Regency from Belu Regency (14 December 2012)
East KalimantanEdit
- Mahakam Ulu Regency from West Kutai Regency (14 December 2012)
Central SulawesiEdit
- Banggai Laut Regency from Banggai Islands Regency (14 December 2012)
West SulawesiEdit
- Central Mamuju Regency from Mamuju Regency (14 December 2012)
Southeast SulawesiEdit
- East Kolaka Regency from Kolaka Regency (14 December 2012)
North MalukuEdit
- Taliabu Island Regency from Sula Islands Regency (14 December 2012)
LampungEdit
- Pesisir Barat Regency from West Lampung Regency (25 October 2012)
West JavaEdit
- Pangandaran Regency from Ciamis Regency (25 October 2012)
West PapuaEdit
- South Manokwari Regency and Arfak Mountains Regency from Manokwari Regency (25 October 2012)
2008Edit
North SumatraEdit
- Gunungsitoli city from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
- North Nias Regency from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
- West Nias Regency from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
- North Labuhan Batu Regency from Labuhan Batu Regency (24 June 2008)
- South Labuhan Batu Regency from Labuhan Batu Regency (24 June 2008)
JambiEdit
- Sungai Penuh from Kerinci Regency (24 June 2008)
RiauEdit
- Meranti Islands Regency from Bengkalis Regency (19 December 2008)
BengkuluEdit
- Central Bengkulu Regency from North Bengkulu Regency (24 June 2008)
LampungEdit
- Mesuji Regency from Tulang Bawang Regency (29 October 2008)
- West Tulang Bawang Regency from Tulang Bawang Regency (29 October 2008)
- Pringsewu Regency from Tanggamus Regency (29 October 2008)
Riau IslandsEdit
- Anambas Islands Regency from Natuna Regency (24 June 2008)
BantenEdit
- South Tangerang city from Tangerang Regency (29 October 2008)
West Nusa TenggaraEdit
- North Lombok Regency from West Lombok Regency (24 June 2008)
East Nusa TenggaraEdit
- Sabu Raijua Regency from Kupang Regency (29 October 2008)
North SulawesiEdit
- East Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (24 June 2008)
- South Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (24 June 2008)
Central SulawesiEdit
- Sigi Regency from Donggala Regency (24 June 2008)
South SulawesiEdit
- North Toraja Regency from Tana Toraja Regency (24 June 2008)
MalukuEdit
- South Buru Regency from Buru Regency (24 June 2008)
- Southwest Maluku Regency from Western Southeast Maluku Regency (Tanimbar Islands Regency) (24 June 2008)
North MalukuEdit
- Morotai Island Regency from North Halmahera Regency (29 October 2008)
West PapuaEdit
- Tambrauw Regency from Sorong Regency, South Sorong Regency and Manokwari Regency (29 October 2008)
- Maybrat Regency from Sorong Regency (19 December 2008)
PapuaEdit
- Lanny Jaya Regency, Central Mamberamo Regency, Nduga Regency and Yalimo Regency from Jayawijaya Regency (4 January 2008)
- Puncak Regency from Puncak Jaya Regency (4 January 2008)
- Dogiyai Regency from Nabire Regency (4 January 2008)
- Deiyai Regency and Intan Jaya Regency from Paniai Regency (29 October 2008)
2007Edit
AcehEdit
- Subulussalam from Aceh Singkil Regency (2 January 2007)
- Pidie Jaya Regency from Pidie Regency (2 January 2007)
North SumatraEdit
- Batubara Regency from Asahan Regency (2 January 2007)
- Padang Lawas Regency and North Padang Lawas Regency from South Tapanuli Regency (17 July 2007)
South SumatraEdit
- Empat Lawang Regency from Lahat Regency (2 January 2007)
LampungEdit
- Pesawaran Regency from South Lampung Regency (17 July 2007)
BantenEdit
- Serang from Serang Regency (17 July 2007)
West JavaEdit
- West Bandung Regency from Bandung Regency (2 January 2007)
East Nusa TenggaraEdit
- Nagekeo Regency from Ngada Regency (2 January 2007)
- Central Sumba Regency and Southwest Sumba Regency from West Sumba Regency (2 January 2007)
- East Manggarai Regency from Manggarai Regency (17 July 2007)
West KalimantanEdit
- Kubu Raya Regency from Pontianak Regency (Mempawah Regency) (17 July 2007)
North KalimantanEdit
- Tana Tidung Regency from Bulungan Regency (17 July 2007)
North SulawesiEdit
- Kotamobagu and North Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (2 January 2007)
- Siau Tagulandang Biaro Islands Regency from Sangihe Islands Regency (2 January 2007)
- Southeast Minahasa Regency from South Minahasa Regency (2 January 2007)
GorontaloEdit
- North Gorontalo Regency from Gorontalo Regency (2 January 2007)
Southeast SulawesiEdit
- North Konawe Regency from Konawe Regency (2 January 2007)
- North Buton Regency from Muna Regency (2 January 2007)
MalukuEdit
- Tual from Southeast Maluku Regency (17 July 2007)
PapuaEdit
- Mamberamo Raya Regency from Sarmi Regency (15 March 2007)
Former regenciesEdit
These regencies are defunct by splitting its lands together, or renamed.[citation needed] This list does not include colonial-era regencies, or former regencies of the former province of East Timor.
Former regency's name | Fate |
---|---|
Toba Samosir Regency (−2020) | Renamed to Toba Regency |
Western Southeast Maluku Regency (1999–2019) | Renamed to Tanimbar Islands Regency |
North Mamuju Regency (2003–2018) | Renamed to Pasangkayu Regency |
Pontianak Regency (−2014) | Renamed to Mempawah Regency |
Riau Islands Regency (−2006) | Split into 3 in 1999 and one each in 2001 and 2003, later changed name to Bintan Regency |
North Maluku Regency (−2003) | Split into 4 regencies and cities |
Kutai Regency (−2002) | Split into 4 regencies and cities in 1999, later renamed to Kutai Kartanegara Regency |
Sarolangun Bangko Regency (−1999) | Split into Sarolangun Regency and Merangin Regency |
Bungo Tebo Regency (−1999) | Split into Bungo Regency and Tebo Regency |
Tanjung Jabung Regency (−1999) | Split into West Tanjung Jabung Regency and East Tanjung Jabung Regency |
Buol Toli-Toli Regency (−1999) | Split into Buol Regency and Toli-Toli Regency |
Adikarto Regency (−1951) | Merged to Kulon Progo Regency |
Hulu Sungai Regency (−1950) | Split into six regencies |
Barito Regency (−1950) | Split into North Barito Regency and South Barito Regency |
Kotawaringin Regency (−1950) | Split into West Kotawaringin Regency and East Kotawaringin Regency |
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Turner, Mark; Owen Podger; Maria S. Sumardjono; Wayan K. Tirthayasa (2003). Decentralisation in Indonesia: redesigning the state. Australian National University. Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government. ISBN 0-7315-3697-5.
- ^ Indonesia – The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2013
- ^ Kode Pos Indonesia
- ^ "Profil Daerah (Regional profiles)". Indonesian Ministry of Interior.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm Nugroho, Adi; Clarissa, Alvina (28 August 2020). Said, Ali; Winardi, Wisnu; Karyono, Yoyo (eds.). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2019. Statistics Indonesia. ISSN 2086-2369. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ "Penduduk Kabupaten Bogor Terbanyak, Tana Tidung Tersedikit". CNN Indonesia. 14 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ Meidinata, Nugroho (9 February 2021). "15 Kota Terkecil di Indonesia, Solo Masuk Urutan Berapa?". Solopos. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ "Kabupaten Bogor Berpenduduk Terbanyak Se-Indonesia". opendata.jabarprov.go.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ^ "Rilis Data Kemendagri: Jumlah Penduduk Jabar Terbanyak, Kaltara Tersedikit". dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id (in Indonesian). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ^ Amrullah, Amri (26 July 2016). "Daerah Pemekaran Sering Jadi Ladang Korupsi". Republika. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- ^ Ninditya, Fransiska (7 December 2020). "Moratorium pemekaran daerah di tengah pandemi" [A moratorium on regional expansion amidst the pandemic]. Antaranews. Retrieved 11 February 2021.