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List of high-speed railway lines

(Redirected from List of high-speed rail lines)
For proposed extensions or networks of high-speed rail, see Proposed high-speed rail by country.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This article provides a list of operational and under construction (or approved) high-speed rail networks, listed by country or region. While the International Union of Railways defines high-speed rail as public transport by rail at speeds of at least 200 km/h (124 mph) for upgraded tracks and 250 km/h (155 mph) or faster for new tracks, the overview section of this article lists the total length of tracks that support speeds over 200 km/h (120 mph) regardless of their statuses of upgraded or newly built.[1][2]

Overview

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Operational networks

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The following table is an overview of high-speed rail in service and under construction by country, ranked by the amount in service. It shows all the high speed lines (speed of 200 km/h (125 mph) or over) in service. The list is based on UIC figures (International Union of Railways),[3][4] updated with other sources.[5]

Country Continent Operational length (km) Under construction (km) Total length (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Opened
  China Asia 45,000[6] 25,000 70,000[7] 4.7 3.16 350[8][b] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2008
  Spain Europe 3,966[11] 1,000 5,000 7.84 8.42 310 3 kV DC; 25 kV 50 Hz 1435; 1668 1992
  Japan Asia 3,067[12] 211 3,278 9.07 2.5 320[c] 25 kV 50/60 Hz 1435; [d] 1964
  France France Europe 2,800[13] 200[14] 3,000 4.35 4.32 320[15] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 1981
  United Kingdom Europe 2,214[16] 230 2,444[17] 9.11 3.27 300[e] 25 kV 50 Hz AC[f] 1435 1976
  Germany Europe 1,658[18] 350 2,008 4.64 1.99 300 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1991
  Finland Europe 1,120[19] 200 1,320 3.31 20.2 220 25 kV 50 Hz 1524[g] 2006
  Italy Europe 1,117[20] 900 2,000 3.71 1.9 300 25 kV 50 Hz; 3 kV DC 1435 1977
  South Korea Asia 887[21] 500 1,400 8.84 1.71 305 25 kV 60 Hz 1435 2004
  Sweden Europe 860[19] 276[h] 1,136 1.91 8.1 205[i] 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1993
  Greece Europe 672[j] 30 702 5.09 6.5 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2022
  Russia Europe 650[22] 680[23] 1,330 0.04 0.42 250 3 kV DC; 25 kV 50 Hz 1520 1984
  Turkey Asia 627[k] 1,578[l] 2,205 0.8 0.07 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2009
  Portugal Europe 610[m] 90[24][n] 700 7.27 5.95 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1668 1999
  Uzbekistan Asia 600[o] 465[26] 1,065 1.34 1.71 250 20 kV 50 Hz 1520 2011
  Saudi Arabia Asia 450[27] 0 450 0.21 1.22 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
  Taiwan Asia 350[28] 0 350 9.67 1.46 300 25 kV 60 Hz 1435 2007
  Belgium Europe 326[p] 3[q] 329 8.25 2.79 300 3 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz 		1435 1997
  Morocco Africa 186[29] 0 186 0.26 0.49 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
  Austria Europe 283[r] 280 563 3.37 3.16 230 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1990
  Norway Europe 224[s] 0 224 0.69 4.09 210 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 1998
  Poland Europe 206[t] 0 206 the 1.13 3.16 200 3 kV DC 1435 2014
  Netherlands Europe 175[u] 0 175 4.18 1.95 300[v] 1.5 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz 		1435 2009
  Switzerland Europe 164[w] 0 164 3.97 1.86 230 15 kV 16.7 Hz 1435 2005
  Indonesia Asia 143[30] 0 143 0.08 0.05 350 27.5 kV 50 Hz 1435 2023
  United States North America 136.6[31] 1,600[32] 1,736.6 0.01 0.04 240 Multiple[x] 1435 2000
  Serbia Europe 70[33] 338[34][35] 408 0.79 0.98 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2022
  Denmark Europe 60[36] 100[37] 160 0.68 0.98 200 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2019
  Hong Kong Asia 26[38] 0 26 23.51 0.35 200 1.5 kV DC,
25 kV 50 Hz 		1435 2018

By region

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Region Continent Operational length (km) Under construction (km) Total length (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Opened
Asia 51,702 27,754 79,456 1.16 1.1 350 25 kV 50 or 60 Hz 1435[y] 1964
Europe[z] 17,115 4,677 21,792 1.68 2.3 320 Various[aa] 1435[ab] 1976
  European Union Europe 13,793 3,429 17,222 1.35 325.82 320 Various[aa] 1435[ac] 1977
Africa 186 0 186 0.01 0.01 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2018
North America 136.6 1,249 1,329 0.006 0.02 240 Multiple[ad] 1435 2000

Freight services

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Country Continent Service Type Top speed (km/h) Introduced Status
  Japan Asia JR freight service Light freight 320 2019[39] Operational
  Germany Europe IC:Kurier Courrier 300 2020[40] Operational
  China Asia Freight Express Dedicated freight train 350 2020[41] Operational on busy routes
  France Europe SNCF TGV La Poste Dedicated freight train 270 1984 Defunct in 2015[42]
  Italy Europe Mercitalia Fast Dedicated freight train 300 2018 Defunct in 2022

Networks under construction

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Country/Region Continent Length under construction (km) Length approved (km) Total length (km) Density (m/km2) Length / 100,000 people (km)[a] Top speed (km/h) Electrification Track gauge (mm) Construction began Planned opening
  Estonia
  Latvia
  Lithuania (Rail Baltica) 		Europe 870[43] 0 870 4.97 14.82 234[44] 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2017 2028
  India Asia 508.18[45] 0 508.18 0.15 0.04 320 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2021 2028
  Thailand Asia 250.8[46] 220[47] 470.8 0.49 0.02 250 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2017 2027
  Iran Asia 410[48] 117[49] 527 0.25 0.46 300 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2015 2025
  Egypt Africa 230[50] 1,770 2,000 0.23 0.2 250 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2021 2027
  Algeria Africa 132[51] 0 132 0.06 0.29 220 25 kV 50 Hz 1435 2012 TBD

Asia

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China

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Main article: List of high-speed railway lines in China
 
High-speed rail lines of China
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Shanghai maglev train Longyang Road–Pudong International 30.5 km (19.0 mi) New 431 km/h (268 mph) 2004 Operational
Beijing–Shanghai Beijing south–Tianjin West / Shanghai Hongqiao 1,318 km (819 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2011 Operational
Beijing–Guangzhou[ae] Beijing west–Guangzhou 2,230 km (1,390 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2012 Operational
Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen Hangzhou east–Shenzhen north 1,495 km (929 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2013 Operational
Huhanrong PDL Shanghai Hongqiao–Chengdu 2,078 km (1,291 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2014 Operational
Shanghai–Kunming Shanghai Hongqiao–Kunming south 2,066 km (1,284 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2016 Operational
Guangzhou–Kunming Guangzhou south–Kunming south 1,285 km (798 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2016 Operational
Suifenhe–Manzhouli Suifenhe–Manzhouli 714 km (444 mi) Upgraded 250 km/h (160 mph) 2018 Operational
Qingdao–Yinchuan Qingdao north–Yinchuan 1,762 km (1,095 mi) Upgraded 350 km/h (220 mph) 2018 Operational
Beijing–Lanzhou Beijing–Lanzhou 1,526 km (948 mi) Upgraded 350 km/h (220 mph) 2019 Operational
Beijing–Harbin[ae] Beijing Chaoyang–Harbin / Dalian 1,700 km (1,100 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2021 Operational
Eurasia Continental Bridge Lianyungang–Ürümqi 3,422 km (2,126 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2021 Operational
Coastal corridor (north extension)[af] Dandong–Ningbo 2,659 km (1,652 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2027 Mostly operational[ag]
Coastal corridor (south extension)[af] Huizhou south–Dongxing 954 km (593 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ah]
Hohhot–Nanning Hohhot–Nanning 2,779.7 km (1,727.2 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ai]
Baotou (Yinchuan)–Hainan[aj] Baotou–Sanya / Xi'an north 4,664 km (2,898 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[ak]
Lanzhou (Xining)–Guangzhou Lanzhou west–Guangzhou 2,282 km (1,418 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2028 Mostly operational[al]
Beijing–Hong Kong (Taipei) Beijing Fengtai–Hong Kong West Kawloon / Taipei[am] 4,392 km (2,729 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2029 Mostly operational[an]
Shanghai–Chongqing–Chengdu Shanghai Baoshan–Chengdu 5,130 km (3,190 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2029 Partly operational[ao]
Beijing–Kunming[ap] Beijing–Kunming / Chongqing 3,795.7 km (2,358.5 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2030 Mostly operational[aq]
Xiamen–Chongqing Xiamen–Chongqing 937 km (582 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) TBD Partly operational[ar]
Regional railways Multiple lines 1,611 km (1,001 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2008–2020 Operational
Intercity railways Multiple lines 7,210 km (4,480 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2008–2020 Operational
Class I railways Multiple lines 5,056.9 km (3,142.2 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2012–2019 Operational

India

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Main article: List of high-speed railway lines in India
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Mumbai–Ahmedabad Mumbai BKC–Sabarmati 508.18 km (315.77 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2028 Under construction

Indonesia

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Main article: High-speed rail in Indonesia
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Whoosh high-speed railway Halim (Jakarta)–Tegalluar (Bandung) 142.8 km (88.7 mi) New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2023 Operational

Japan

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Main article: Shinkansen
 
Map of Shinkansen lines (excluding the Hakata-Minami Line and Gala-Yuzawa Line extension)
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Tokaido Shinkansen Tokyo–Shin-Osaka 515.4 km (320.3 mi) New 285 km/h (177 mph) 1964 Operational
San'yō Shinkansen Shin-Osaka–Hakata 553.7 km (344.1 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 1972–1975 Operational
Tōhoku Shinkansen Tokyo–Shin-Aomori 674.9 km (419.4 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 1982–2010 Operational
Jōetsu Shinkansen Tokyo–Niigata 269.5 km (167.5 mi) New 275 km/h (171 mph) 1982 Operational
Hokuriku Shinkansen Takasaki–Tsuruga 470.6 km (292.4 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 1997–2024 Operational
Kyushu Shinkansen Hakata–Kagoshima-Chūō 256.8 km (159.6 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2004–2011 Operational
Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen Takeo-Onsen–Nagasaki 66 km (41 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2022 Operational
Hokkaido Shinkansen Shin-Aomori–Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto 148.8 km (92.5 mi) New 260 km/h (160 mph) 2016 Operational
Chuo Shinkansen Shinagawa (Tokyo)–Nagoya 285.6 km (177.5 mi) New 505 km/h (314 mph)[as] 2027[at] Under construction

South Korea

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Main article: High-speed rail in South Korea
 
Map of Korean high-speed lines
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Gyeongbu KTX Seoul–Busan 417.5 km (259.4 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2004–2015 Operational
Honam KTX Osong–Mokpo 249.2 km (154.8 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2015 Operational
Jeolla Line Iksan–Yeosu Expo 180.4 km (112.1 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) 2011 Operational
Suseo–Pyeongtaek Suseo–PyeongtaekJije 61.1 km (38.0 mi) New 305 km/h (190 mph) 2016 Operational
Gyeonggang Line Seowonju–Gangneung 120.2 km (74.7 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2017 Operational
Jungbunaeryuk Line Bubal–Chungju 56.9 km (35.4 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2021 Operational
Seohae Line Songsan–Hongseong 90 km (56 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) TBD Under construction
Gyeongjeon Line Samnangjin–Gwangju Songjeong 289.5 km (179.9 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) TBD Under upgradation
Jungang Line Cheongnyangni–Moryang 331.3 km (205.9 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) TBD Under upgradation
Donghae Line Busanjin–Yeongdeok 188.3 km (117.0 mi) Upgraded 230 km/h (140 mph) TBD Under upgradation

Taiwan

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Main article: Taiwan High Speed Rail
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Taiwan HSR Nangang–Zuoying 350 km (220 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2007 Operational

Thailand

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Main article: High-speed rail in Thailand
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Bangkok–Nong Khai (Phase 1) Krung Thep Aphiwat Central–Nakhon Ratchasima 250.8 km (155.8 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2028 Under construction
Don Mueang–Suvarnabhumi–U-Tapao Don Mueang–U Tapao 220 km (140 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) TBD Approved

Uzbekistan

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Main article: High-speed rail in Uzbekistan
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Tashkent–Bukhara Tashkent–Bukhara 600 km (370 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2011 Operational

Middle East and North Africa

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Algeria

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Oued Tlélat–Tlemcen 132 km (82 mi) New 220 km/h (140 mph) TBD Under construction

Egypt

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Main article: High-speed rail in Egypt
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Red line Mersa Matruh–Ain Sokhna 660 km (410 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Under construction
Yellow line 6th Of October City–Abu Simbel 1,100 km (680 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Approved
Purple line Safaga–Luxor 240 km (150 mi) New 230 km/h (140 mph) 2027 Approved

Morocco

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Al Boraq Tanger-Ville–Kenitra 186 km (116 mi)[52] New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2018 Operational

Saudi Arabia

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Haramain HSR Mecca–Medina 453 km (281 mi) New 300 km/h (190 mph) 2018 Operational

Turkey

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Main article: High-speed rail in Turkey
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Polatlı–Konya Polatlı–Konya 212 km (132 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2011 Operational
Ankara–Istanbul Sincan–Köseköy 313 km (194 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2014 Operational
Ankara–Sivas Kayaş–Sivas 394 km (245 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2023 Operational
Istanbul–Kapıkule railway Halkalı–Kapıkule 229 km (142 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2025 Under upgradation
Mersin–Adana–Gaziantep railway Mersin–Gaziantep 303 km (188 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2025 Under upgradation
Polatlı–İzmir Polatlı–Alsancak 588 km (365 mi) New 250 km/h (160 mph) 2026 Under construction
Konya–Yenice railway Konya–Yenice 344.7 km (214.2 mi) Upgraded 200 km/h (120 mph) 2027 Under upgradation

Northern Europe

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Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

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Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Rail Baltica Tallinn–Vilnius 870 km (540 mi) New 234 km/h (145 mph) 2027 Under construction

Denmark

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Main article: High-speed rail in Denmark
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Øresund Line Copenhagen Central–Swedish border 20 km (12 mi)[au] New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2000 Operational
Copenhagen–Ringsted Line Copenhagen central–Ringsted 60 km (37 mi) New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2019 Operational
Fehmarn Belt fixed link — 8.3 km (5.2 mi)[au] New 200 km/h (120 mph) 2028 Under construction

Finland

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New main lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening or opened Length
Lahti Main Line Kerava–Lahti 220 km/h (140 mph) September 3, 2006 75.7 km (47.0 mi)
Espoo–Salo Railway Espoo–Salo 300 km/h (190 mph) 2031 (planned) 95 km (59 mi)
Helsinki-Tampere High Speed Railway (partially using Lentorata) Helsinki–Tampere 300 km/h (190 mph) 2027+ (approved in 2019) 100 km (62 mi)
Lentorata Helsinki–Vantaa Airport 220 km/h (140 mph) 2027+ (approved in 2019) 30 km (19 mi)
Helsinki–Porvoo–Kouvola (partially using Lentorata) Vantaa–Porvoo–Kouvola 300 km/h (190 mph) 2027+ (approved in 2019) 126 km (78 mi)
Arctic Railway Rovaniemi–Kirkenes 250 km/h (160 mph) 2030+ 526 km (327 mi)

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Upgrade Opening Length
Finnish Coastal Railway Helsinki–Turku 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1902 approximately 50 km (31 mi) (high speed section); 195.8 km (total)
Helsinki–Riihimäki Railway Helsinki–Riihimäki 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1862 71.4 km (44.4 mi)
Lahti–Kouvola Railway Lahti–Kouvola 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1870 61.4 km
Main line to Petersburg Kouvola–Russian border 200 km/h (120 mph) 2013 1870 55 km (upgraded section)
Karelian Railway Kouvola–Joensuu 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1894 112.3 km (69.8 mi) (high-speed section); 325,8 km (total)
Savo Railway Kouvola–Iisalmi 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1902 42.8 km (26.6 mi) (high-speed section); 357,8 km (total)
Riihimäki–Tampere Railway Riihimäki–Tampere 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1862–1876 116 km (72 mi)
Seinäjoki–Oulu Railway (Seinäjoki–Kokkola section) Seinäjoki–Kokkola 200 km/h (120 mph) 2010–2013 1886 134 km (83 mi)
Seinäjoki–Oulu Railway (Kokkola-Oulu section) Kokkola–Oulu 200 km/h (120 mph) 2010–2017 1886 200.8 km (124.8 mi)
Tampere–Seinäjoki Railway Tampere–Seinäjoki 200 km/h (120 mph) 1995 1880 160 km (99 mi)

Norway

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Main article: high-speed rail in Norway
Line Speed Length Construction began Expected start of revenue services
Gardermobanen 210 km/h 67 km 1994 1999
Vestfold Line 200–250 km/h 55.5 km (now); full ≈129 km line by 2032 1993 2012–2018–2025–2032
Dovre Line (Eidsvoll–Lillehammer) 250 km/h 17 km (now); segment's full 105 km by 2034 2012 2015–2023–2027–2034
Follo Line 250 km/h 22 km 2014 11 December 2022
Østfoldbanen 250 km/h 77 km (by 2024); 112.35 km (by 2030) 2019 2024–≈2030
Ringerike Line 250 km/h 40 km 2021 2028–≈2029
Grenlandsbanen 250 km/h 59 km unknown 2035
Bergen Line 200 km/h 69.2 km (high-speed); 371 km (full) unknown 2030

Sweden

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Main article: High-speed rail in Sweden

New lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Bothnia Line Västeraspby–Umeå 250 km/h (155 mph)[53] (no trains permitted to operate above 200 km/h (125 mph)) 2010 190 km (120 mi)

Planned lines

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Line Speed Construction began Expected start of revenue services
The North Bothnia Line

Norrbotniabanan

250 km/h (155 mph) August 2018 (Umeå–Dåva section) 2024
The West Link

Västlänken

May 2018 2026
The East Link

Ostlänken

250 km/h (155 mph) 2023–2024 (estimated) 2033–2035
Southeast Link

Sydosstlänken

160 km/h (100 mph) 2028–2033 (possible) ?
Gothenburg–Borås Double Tracks 250 km/h (155 mph)? Not been decided
Hässleholm–Lund Four Tracks 250 km/h (155 mph)? Not been decided

Upgraded lines

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There are plans to upgrade some lines to 250 km/h when the ERTMS signalling system is introduced in 2025–2030.

Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Upgrade Opening Length
Ådalen Line (Sundsvall–Västeraspby) Sundsvall–Västeraspby 200 km/h 1990–2029? 30 km (high-speed part of Bothnia Line)
Southern Main Line Katrineholm–Malmö 200 km/h 1995–2024? 336 km (high-speed); 16 km (under upgrading); 480 (total)
Western Main Line Stockholm–Göteborg 200 km/h 1989–1995 312 km (high-speed); 455 km (total)
West Coast Line 200 km/h 1985–2024? 172 km (high-speed); 230 km (total)
Svealand Line 250 km/h 1997 * 80 km
Jakobsberg–Västerås (Mälar Line) 200 km/h (now)

250 km/h (soon)

2001 * 90 km
Örebro–Kolbäck (Mälar Line) 200 km/h before 2036? 45 km (upgraded now); 35 km (to be upgraded before 2036)
East Coast Line (Stockholm–Arlanda–Uppsala) 200 km/h 1999 1903 56 km (of which 19 km is new airport branch)
East Coast Line (Gävle–Enånger) 200 km/h 1999 * 40 km (high-speed); 105 km (full)
East Coast Line (Uppsala–Gävle) 200 km/h 2017 83 km; (high-speed) 110 km; (full)
East Coast Line (Hudiksvall–Sundsvall) 200 km/h 2030–2040? 50 km
Norway/Vänern Line Göteborg C–Öxnered 200 km/h 2012 * 1879 82 km (high-speed) - 79 km (to be upgraded) - 300 km (total)
Northern Main Line Gävle–Ånge 200 km/h 1879 22 km (high-speed); 268 km (total)
Värmland Line Laxå–Karlstad 200 km/h 1871 46 km (high-speed); 208 km (total)
Coast-to-Coast Line Emmaboda–Kalmar; Emmaboda–Karlskrona 200 km/h 1994 1874–1902 25 km (high-speed); 410 km (total)
  • The lines marked with * were to a large part given a new alignment when upgrading from single track, essentially making them new lines. The other ones were straight enough for 200 km/h already.

Western Europe

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Austria

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Main article: High-speed rail in Austria

All high-speed railway lines in Austria are upgraded lines.

Line Speed Length Construction began Service started
Western Railway 230 km/h 312.2 km Unknown December 9, 2012 (Vienna–St. Pölten) 2025–2032
Brenner Base Tunnel 250 km/h 56 km Summer 2006 2032 (claimed)
Koralm Railway 250 km/h 125 km 2001 2026

Belgium

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New high-speed line

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Main article: high-speed rail in Belgium
Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
HSL 1 LGV Nord–Bruxelles-Sud 300 km/h (190 mph) December 14, 1997 88 km (55 mi)
HSL 2 Bruxelles-Nord–Liège-Guillemins 300 km/h (190 mph) December 15, 2002 95 km (59 mi)
HSL 3 Liège-Guillemins–Cologne-Aachen 260 km/h (160 mph) June 14, 2009 56 km (35 mi)
HSL 4 Antwerpen-Centraal–HSL Zuid 300 km/h (190 mph) 2009 87 km (54 mi)
Line 25N Schaerbeek–Mechelen 160 km/h (99 mph) (now)
220 km/h (140 mph) (soon) 		2019–2020 20 km (12 mi)
Line 50A Brussels-South railway station–Ostend 160 km/h (99 mph) (now)
200 km/h (120 mph) (soon) 		2020+ (upgrading) 114.3 km (71.0 mi)
Line 36N Brussels-North railway station–Leuven 200 km/h (120 mph) (after 2012) 2003–2006 28.8 km (17.9 mi)
Line 96N Brussels-South railway station–Halle 160 km/h (99 mph) (now)
200 km/h (120 mph) (soon) 		2020+ 13.6 km (8.5 mi)

France

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Main article: high-speed rail in France

New high-speed lines

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French figures of LGV length count only new tracks and not total length between terminal stations (i.e.: 409 km instead of 425 km for the LGV Sud-Est)

Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
LGV Sud-Est Paris Gare de Lyon–Lyon-Perrache 270–300 km/h 1981 409 km
LGV Atlantique Paris Gare Montparnasse–Courtalain 300 km/h 1990 130 km
Courtalain–Tours 102 km
Courtalain–Le Mans 52 km
LGV Rhône-Alpes Lyon-Perrache–Saint-Quentin-Fallavier 300 km/h 1992 37 km
Saint-Quentin-Fallavier–Valence 1994 78 km
LGV Nord Gare du Nord–Channel Tunnel 300 km/h 1993 333 km
LGV Interconnexion Est LGV Nord–LGV Sud-Est 300 km/h 1994 57 km
LGV Méditerranée Valence–Les Angles 300 km/h[54] 2001 127 km
Les Angles–Nîmes 25 km
Les Angles–Marseille 320 km/h[54] 91 km
LGV Est Paris Gare de l'Est–Baudrecourt (Part 1) 320 km/h (revenue service)
574.8 km/h (world speed record) 		2007 300 km
Baudrecourt–Strasbourg (Part 2) 320 km/h 2016 107 km
LGV Perpignan–Figueres Perpignan–Figueres 320 km/h 2010 44.4 km
LGV Rhin-Rhône Eastern branch Collonges–Petit-Croix (Part 1) 320 km/h 2011 140 km
Dijon–Collonges & Petit-Croix–Mulhouse (Part 2) 320 km/h 2028 (50 km)
LGV Sud Europe Atlantique Tours–Bordeaux 320 km/h[55] 2017 279 km
LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire Le Mans–Rennes 320 km/h 2017 182 km
Contournement Nîmes – Montpellier Nîmes–Montpellier 220 km/h 2018 80 km
LGV Bordeaux–Toulouse Bordeaux–Toulouse 320 km/h After 2032 (planned) (235 km)
LGV Bordeaux–Espagne Bordeaux–Spanish border 320 km/h After 2034 (planned) (60 km)
LGV Montpellier–Perpignan Montpellier–Perpignan 320 km/h c.a. 2027+ (150 km)
Total 2573 km

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Upgrade Opening Length
(Paris–) Étampes–Orléans–Vierzon Étampes–Vierzon 200 km/h 1967 1847 143 km[56]
LGV Lyon–Turin 2nd part Lyon–Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 220 km/h 2030 1861 (with 18.8 km upgraded)
Bordeaux–Irun railway Bordeaux–Dax 200 km/h 2017 1864 37.5 km (Labouheyre section)
Ligne de Coutras à Tulle Coutras–Mussidan 200 km/h Unknown 1871 29.6 km
Paris–Lille railway Gare du Nord–Lille 200 km/h 1993 1846 3.7 km[56] (200 km/h sections)
Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway Cherbourg–Bernay 200 km/h 1989 1855–1858 85.267 km[56] (200 km/h sections)
(Paris–) Connerré–Brest Connerré–Brest 220 km/h 1990 1865 53.6 km
Savenay–Landerneau railway 220 km/h 1990s 1862–1867 42 km
Le Mans–Angers railway Le Mans–Angers 220 km/h 2010s 1863 73.8 km[56]
(Paris–) Marseille Gare de Lyon–Marseille-Saint-Charles station 200 km/h 1970s 1855 96.2 km[56] (200 km/h sections)
(Paris–) Clermont-Ferrand Gare de Lyon–Clermont-Ferrand 200 km/h 2003 1853 53.5 km[56] (200 km/h sections)
Strasbourg–Basel railway Strasbourg–Mulhouse 220 km/h 1995 1844 141.3 km[56]
Saint-Benoît–La Rochelle-Ville (Ligne de Saint-Benoît à La Rochelle-Ville [fr]) Saint-Benoît–La Rochelle-Ville 200 km/h 2017 (claimed) 1857 106 km[56]
Dijon-Ville–Vallorbe (Swiss border) Dijon-Ville–Dole-Ville 200 km/h (planned) 1855–1915 (46.3 km)
Paris-Est–Strasbourg-Ville railway Le Chénay-Gagny to LGV Est junction 220 km/h 2015 (6.6 km)
Moret–Lyon railway Gien to Saint-Étienne-Châteaucreux station 200 km/h 2011 (62.5 ;km)
Ligne de Saint-Germain-des-Fossés à Nantes (Tours–Saint-Nazaire railway) 190–200 km/h 1990s 1848–1857 (37.0 km)
Clermont-Ferrand to Riom 190–200 km/h 1976–2020 (14 km)
Total 1,192 km

Germany

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Main article: High-speed rail in Germany

New high-speed lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Hanover–Berlin high-speed railway Wolfsburg–Berlin 250 km/h (300 km/h planned) September 15, 1998 258 km
Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway Hanover–Würzburg 280 km/h 1991 327 km
Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway Mannheim–Stuttgart 280 km/h May 9, 1991 99 km
Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line Cologne–Frankfurt 300 km/h August 1, 2002 180 km
Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway Nuremberg–Ingolstadt 300 km/h May 13, 2006 90 km
Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway Erfurt–Leipzig 300 km/h December 9, 2015 123 km
Frankfurt–Mannheim high-speed railway Frankfurt–Mannheim Planned (300 km/h ready) 2028–2030 85 km
Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway Nuremberg–Erfurt 300 km/h December 10, 2017 190 km
Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway Karlsruhe–Basel 250 km/h 2001–2041 182 km
Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway Stuttgart–Wendlingen 250 km/h December 2025[57] 25 km
Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway Wendlingen–Ulm 250 km/h 9 December 2022[57] 59.58 km
Hanau-Gelnhausen high-speed railway Hanau–Gelnhausen Planned (300 km/h ready) 2030 55 km
Bielefeld–Hannover high-speed railway Bielefeld–Hannover Planned (300 km/h ready) 2030 100 km
Ulm-Augsburg (parallel new line) Ulm–Augsburg Planned (250 km/h ready) 2030 70 km[58]
Fulda–Eisenach high-speed railway 250 km/h 2030 52 km
Fulda–Frankfurt (parallel new) 250 km/h 2035 80 km
Ostermünchen–Brannenburg–Austrian border 250 km/h 2030 35 km

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Upgrade Opening Length
Saale-Bamberg Railway Saale–Bamberg 200 km/h Before 2035 1848–1885 128.2 km
Appenweier–Strasbourg railway Kehl–Appenweier 200 km/h 2010–2023 1861 13.5 km (high-speed); 22 (total)
Munich–Treuchtlingen railway Munich–Treuchtlingen 200 km/h 2006–2013 1870 29 km (high-speed); 136.7 (total)
Halle–Bebra railway Bebra–Erfurt 200 km/h 2014–2019 1846–1849 96.13 km (high-speed); 210 km (total); 79.63 km (planned)
Bebra–Fulda railway Bebra–Fulda 200 km/h before 2030 1866 66 km
Berlin–Halle railway Berlin–Halle 200 km/h 1992–2006 1841–1859 161.6 km (new line in parallel at Leipzig-Halle section)
Berlin–Görlitz railway Berlin–Cottbus 200 km/h 2023–2027 (Approved) 1866–1867 114.7 km
Berlin–Dresden railway 200 km/h 2012–2020–2024 1875 174.2 km
Hamm–Warburg railway Hamm–Warburg 200 km/h 1993–1994 1850–1853 8.4 km (high-speed); 131 km (total)
Berlin–Hamburg Railway Berlin–Hamburg 230 km/h 1997–2004 (160 km/h operations in the 1930s) 1846 284.1 km
Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg 200 km/h 1978–1990 1870–1874 355 km
Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway Köln–Aachen 250 km/h 2002 1841 70 km
Cologne–Duisburg railway Köln–Duisburg 200 km/h 1991 1845–1846 64 km
Dortmund–Hamm railway Dortmund–Hamm 200 km/h 1986 1845–1847 31 km; of which 20 km is high-speed
Hanover–Hamburg railway Hanover–Hamburg 200 km/h 1984–1987 1846–1847 181.2 km
Hamm–Minden railway Hamm–Minden 200 km/h (300 km/h planned) 1980 1847 112 km
Hanover–Minden railway Hanover–Minden 200 km/h 1984–1985 1847 64.4 km
Leipzig–Dresden railway Leipzig–Dresden 200 km/h 1994–2014 1837–1839 117 km
Trebnitz–Leipzig railway Leipzig–Bitterfeld 200 km/h 2006 1859 21.5 km
Nuremberg–Würzburg Railway Nuremberg–Würzburg 200 km/h 1992–1999 1854–1865 102.2 km
Regensburg–Passau railway Obertraubling-Platting 200 km/h 2006-2030 1859–1873 57.5 km
Rhine Railway Mannheim-Karlsruhe Mannheim–Karlsruhe 250 km/h 1987 1840–1855 61 km (upgraded southern section 200 km/h)
Rhine Railway Karlsruhe-Rastatt Karlsruhe–Rastatt Süd 250 km/h 2024 1840–1855 ~30 km (under construction)
Rhine Railway Rastatt-Offenburg Rastatt Süd–Offenburg 250 km/h 2001 1840–1855 ~50 km
Rhine Railway Offenburg-Basel Offenburg–Basel 250 km/h unknown 1840–1855 ≈120 km[59]
Rosenheim–Salzburg railway Rosenheim–Salzburg 200 km/h to be upgraded before 2030 1828–1838 88.6 km
Löhne–Rheine railway Löhne station–Rheine station 200 km/h (230 km/h in short period after) before 2030 1850s 124 km
Mannheim–Frankfurt railway Mannheim–Frankfurt 200 km/h 1985–1999 1869–1879 74.8 km
Munich–Regensburg railway Munich–Landshut 230 km/h before 2030 1859–1873 76.1 km
Munich–Rosenheim railway Munich–Rosenheim 230 km/h before 2030 1871 21.4 km (upgrading); 65 km
Main–Spessart railway Hanau–Würzburg 200 km/h 2013–2017 1854 38.254 km (high-speed); 112.5 km (total)
Kinzig Valley Railway (Hesse) Hanau–Fulda 200 km/h 2007–2021 1866–1875 16 km (high-speed); 80.6 km (total)
Munich–Augsburg railway Munich–Augsburg 230 km/h 1977–2011 1839–1854 61.9 km
Ulm–Augsburg railway Ulm–Augsburg 200 km/h (now); 250 km/h (soon) 1988–1992 1853 85.9 km
Waghäusel Saalbach–Graben-Neudorf railway Waghäusel Saalbach–Graben-Neudorf 200 km/h 1977–1988 1980s 7.94 km
Mannheim–Saarbrücken railway Mannheim–Saarbrücken 160 km/h (some sections are 200 km/h ready) 2003-2025 (under upgrading) 1847–1904 130.5 km
Nuremberg–Augsburg railway Nuremberg–Augsburg 200 km/h 1978–1981 1841–1869 36.5 km (high-speed section); 137.1 km (total)
Lübeck–Puttgarden railway Lübeck–Puttgarden 200 km/h 2028 (upgrading) 1898–1928 88.6 km
Lübeck–Hamburg railway Lübeck–Hamburg Hauptbahnhof 200 km/h 2027 (upgrading) 1865 62.8 km
Oberhausen–Arnhem railway Emmerich–Oberhausen 200 km/h unknown (upgrading approved) 1854 73 km
Oberhausen–Duisburg-Ruhrort railway Duisburg-Ruhrort–Oberhausen 200 km/h unknown (upgrading approved) 1848 8.6 km
Plauen–Cheb line Plauen–Cheb 200 km/h EIS phase 1865 73.9 km
Munich–Mühldorf railway Munich–Mühldorf 200 km/h planned 1853–1863 45.609 km (high-speed); 115.087 km (total)
Uelzen–Langwedel railway Uelzen–Langwedel 200 km/h Before 2030 1873 97.4 km
Wunstorf–Bremen railway Wunstorf–Bremen 200 km/h Before 2030 1847 122.3 km
Stendal–Uelzen railway Stendal–Uelzen 200 km/h Before 2030 1873 107.5 km
Magdeburg-Wittenberge railway Stendal–Magdeburg 200 km/h Before 2030 1846 58.7 km
Magdeburg–Leipzig railway Magdeburg–Halle 200 km/h Before 2030 1840 86.3 km
Magdeburg-Wittenberge railway Stendal–Magdeburg 200 km/h Before 2030 1846 58.7 km
Leipzig–Hof railway Leipzig–Gößnitz 200 km/h Before 2035 1842 53.5 km
Münster–Rheine railway Münster–Rheine 200 km/h Before 2030 1846 39 km
Cologne-Wuppertal Railway Cologne–Wuppertal 200 km/h Before 2030 1868 41.3 km
Brunswick–Wolfsburg Railway Braunschweig–Wolfsburg 200 km/h Before 2030 1844–1904 27.2 km
Neustrelitz–Warnemünde railway Rostock–Neustrelitz 200 km/h Before 2035 1886 113.2 km
Main-Neckar Railway Darmstadt Hbf–Heidelberg Hbf 200 km/h Before 2030 1846 59.7 km
Berlin–Wrocław railway Berlin–Frankfurt-Am-Oder 200 km/h 2027 (planned) 1847 81.2 km

Netherlands

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Main article: high-speed rail in the Netherlands

New high-speed line

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
HSL-Zuid Amsterdam Centraal–HSL 4 300 km/h 2009-09-07 125 km
Hanzelijn Lelystad–Zwolle 160 km/h (200 km/h ready) December 2012; high-speed expected in 2021 50 km

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Rhine Railway Amsterdam–German border 140/160 km/h (restricted)
200 km/h will be after further electrification upgrades 		2023 116.8 km

Switzerland

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Main article: High-speed rail in Switzerland
Line Max speed Operating speed (passenger) Length Construction began Construction completed or

start of revenue services

Mattstetten–Rothrist new line 200 km/h (125 mph) 200 km/h (125 mph) 45 km 1996 2004
Solothurn-Wanzwil new line Per section:

200 km/h (125 mph)

or 140 km/h (85 mph)

Per section:

200 km/h (125 mph)

or 140 km/h (85 mph)

12 km ? 2004
Lötschberg Base Tunnel 250 km/h (155 mph) 200 km/h (125 mph) 35 km 1994 2007
Gotthard Base Tunnel Technical:

250 km/h (155 mph) Authorized:

230 km/h (145 mph)

Normal:

200 km/h (125 mph)

If delay:

230 km/h (145 mph)

57 km 1999 2016
Ceneri Base Tunnel Technical:

250 km/h (155 mph) Authorized:

230 km/h (145 mph)

Normal:

200 km/h (125 mph)

If delay:

230 km/h (145 mph)

15 km 2006 2020

United Kingdom

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Main article: high-speed rail in the United Kingdom

New high-speed lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
High Speed 1 Channel Tunnel–Fawkham Junction via Ashford International (Section 1) 300 km/h
(186 mph) 		2003-09-28 74 km (46 mi)
Fawkham Junction–London St Pancras International via Ebbsfleet International and Stratford International (Section 2) 300 km/h
(186 mph) 		2007-11-14 39 km (24 mi)
High Speed 2 London Euston-Birmingham Curzon Street/Rugeley Trent Valley (Handsacre Junction)/Crewe via Birmingham Interchange (Phase 1) 360 km/h
(225 mph)[60] 		2031 (Under construction[61]) 230 km
Birmingham Interchange-Crewe (Phase 2a) 360 km/h
(225 mph) 		Cancelled 90 km (56 mi)
Crewe–Manchester Piccadilly and Birmingham Interchange–Leeds City/York (Ulleskelf Junction) (Phase 2b) 360 km/h
(225 mph) 		Cancelled 300 km (190 mi)
High Speed 3/Northern Powerhouse Rail/Crossrail for the North Liverpool Lime Street–Manchester Airport High Speed via Warrington Bank Quay and via the High Speed 2 section between Manchester Airport High Speed and Manchester Piccadilly 225/360 km/h
(140 mph)/(225 mph) 		Cancelled ~50 km (31 mi)
Manchester Piccadilly–Leeds via Bradford Interchange. 225 km/h
(140 mph) 		Cancelled ~60 km (37 mi)

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Electrification Length Notes
East Coast Main Line King's Cross–Edinburgh Waverley 201 km/h (125 mph)
225 km/h (140 mph) (in cases of delay; to be applied after ERTMS re-signalling) 		1850 1980s 632 km (393 mi); 608.4 km (378.0 mi)[62] The fastest non-dedicated line in the UK. During electrification in the 1980s was claimed as the longest construction site in the world. Speeds up to 125 mph were achieved in the 1930s.
Great Western Main Line London Paddington–Bristol Temple Meads 201 km/h (125 mph) (now)
225 km/h (140 mph) (soon) 		1840 incomplete, still ongoing 190.2 km (118.2 mi)
South Wales Main Line Swindon–Severn Tunnel-Swansea 201 km/h (125 mph) (Swindon–Coalpit Heath)
160 km/h (99 mph) (the rest) 		1850 2012–2019 ~41.6 km (25.8 mi) (upgraded); 133 km (83 mi) (full)
Midland Main Line St Pancras–Sheffield 201 km/h (125 mph) 1870 ongoing; high-speed trains are with diesel 265 km (165 mi)
179 km (111 mi) (high-speed section) 		110 mph; 125 mph ready
West Coast Main Line London Euston–Glasgow Central (mainline itself) 201 km/h (125 mph)[63] 1869 1960s–1970s 645 km (401 mi); 590.5 km (366.9 mi)[64] failed to be upgraded to 225 km/h (140 mph)
Rugby–Coventry 1852 1960s–1970s ~16 km (9.9 mi)
Wolverhampton–Stafford 1852 1960s–1970s ~22 km (14 mi)
Cross Country Route York–Bristol Temple Meads 201 km/h (125 mph) 1879 incomplete >170 km (110 mi)(high-speed) Leeds–York and Birmingham–Wakefield (partially using Midland Main Line) sections are high-speed

Eastern Europe

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Poland

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See also: high-speed rail in Poland

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Warsaw–Gdańsk railway (PKP rail line 9) Warsaw–Gdańsk 200 km/h (120 mph) December 2020 145 km
PKP rail line 4 Włoszczowa–Zawiercie 200 km/h (120 mph) 230–250 km/h (140–160 mph) scheduled in 2023 2014-12-14 58 km (36 mi)[65]
Grodzisk Mazowiecki–Idzikowice 2017-12-10 85 km (53 mi)[65]
other upgradable sections 230–250 km/h (140–160 mph) 2017–2023 (projected) 44 km (27 mi)[65]
Warsaw–Białystok–Ełk–Suwałki–national border (Rail Baltica, partially new line between Ełk and national border) Warsaw–Trakiszki 200 km/h (120 mph) Warszawa–Ełk; 250 km/h (160 mph) Ełk–national border 2025 (projected) 281 km (upgradable section)
PKP rail line 131 Bydgoszcz–Tczew 200 km/h (120 mph) After 2023 124 km (upgrading); 492 km (full line)

New lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Y-shape line Phase 1:

Warsaw–Central Transport Hub (Solidarity Airport)–Łódź

Phase 2: Sieradz–Poznań/Wrocław

250 km/h (160 mph) Phase 1: 2027–2029 (with Central Transport Hub) 450 km
CMK Północ / PKP rail line 5 Central Transport Hub (Solidarity Airport)–Płock–Włocławek–Grudziądz–Tczew/Gdańsk 250 km/h (160 mph) After 2030 ~295 km
Connector between Y-shape line, PKP rail line 4 and PKP rail line 5 Central Transport Hub (Solidarity Airport)-Korytów 250 km/h (160 mph) 2027–2029 (with Central Transport Hub) ~25 km
Shortcut in PKP rail line 9 Warszawa Choszczówka-Nasielsk/Kątne/Świercze 250 km/h (160 mph) ? ~33 km
V4 rail corridor (loose concept) Warsaw–Bratislava–Budapest 250 km/h (160 mph) ? 900 km (560 mi) (total; including foreign line)

Romania

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Upgraded lines

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Start and end points Maximum speed Upgrade Length
Bucharest–Cluj 200 km/h 2020 (construction delayed) 497 km
Cluj–Hungarian border 200 km/h 2020–2026 (upgrading claimed) 160 km
Bucharest–Iasi 200 km/h Proposed 406 km
Ploiești–Suceava 200 km/h Proposed 505 km

Russia

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See also: High-speed rail in Russia

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Moscow–Saint Petersburg Railway Moscow–Saint Petersburg 250 km/h (160 mph) (9% of tracks), 100–200 km/h (the rest) 1997–2001 (bypass over Msta river, capable of 200+ km/h)
1990s (200 km/h weekly service)
2009 (250 km/h daily service)
Ongoing upgrading (third track at exits from cities) 		650 km (400 mi)
Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg Railway Riihimäki–Saint Petersburg 220 km/h (140 mph) (Finnish section), 140–200 km/h (Russian section) 2010 195 km (121 mi)
(157 km upgraded; the rest 38 km electrified in 2006–2009)
Gorkovskaya Railway Moscow–Nizhny Novgorod[66] 200 km/h[67] 2010 (higher-speed); 2020 (high-speed) 95 km (59 mi)

New lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
High-speed railway Moscow-Sain Petersburg Moscow–Saint Petersburg 250–400 km/h (160–250 mph) Planned in 1980s
Construction started in 1997 (only Msta river bridge finished by 2001)
Postponed at the most of its length in 1998 crisis
Project approved in 2000s
now is granted[clarification needed] by the government (to be completed before 2030) 		679 km (422 mi)
HSR Moscow–Kazan Moscow–Kazan 400 km/h (250 mph) Construction was originally planned to break ground at 2018; now postponed in favour of HSR Moscow–Saint Petersburg 762 km (473 mi)
HSR Ural Chelyabinsk–Yekaterinburg 300 km/h (190 mph) Postponed due to COVID-19 pandemic 218 km (135 mi)
HSR Moscow–Rostov-on-Don–Adler Moscow–Adler 400 km/h (250 mph) 2035 (claimed) 1,550 km (960 mi)

Serbia

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Main article: Budapest-Belgrade railway
Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length Status
Belgrade–Novi Sad high-speed railway Belgrade–Novi Sad 200 km/h (124 mph) March 2022 75 km (46.6 mi) Completed
Novi Sad–Subotica high-speed railway Novi Sad–Subotica 200 km/h (124 mph) Expected 2025 108.2 km (67.2 mi) Under construction

Southern Europe

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Italy

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Main article: high-speed rail in Italy

New high-speed lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening or opened Length
Florence–Rome high-speed railway Florence–Rome 250 km/h (160 mph) May 26, 1992 (full length) 254 km (158 mi)
Rome–Naples high-speed railway Rome–Naples 300 km/h (190 mph) December 29, 2005 (full length) 205 km (127 mi)
Naples–Salerno high-speed railway Naples–Salerno 250 km/h (160 mph) June 2008 29 km (18 mi)
Turin–Milan high-speed railway Turin–Milan 300 km/h (190 mph) December 5, 2009 (full length) 125 km (78 mi)
Milan–Bologna high-speed railway Milan–Bologna 300 km/h (190 mph) December 13, 2008 215 km (134 mi)
Bologna–Florence high-speed railway Bologna–Florence 300 km/h (190 mph) December 5, 2009 78 km (48 mi)
Milan–Verona high-speed railway Milan–Verona 300 km/h (190 mph) 2023 (under construction)[68] 77 km (48 mi) (in operation); 165 km (103 mi) (full line under construction)
Tortona–Genoa high-speed railway Tortona–Genova 250 km/h (160 mph) 2025 (under construction) 53 km (33 mi)
Brenner Base Tunnel 250 km/h (160 mph) December 21, 2025 56 km (35 mi)
Verona-Brenner 250 km/h (160 mph) 2025 276 km (171 mi)
Verona-Venice 300 km/h (190 mph) unknown 28 km (17 mi) (in operation); 103 km (64 mi) (full line under construction)

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Naples-Foggia Naples–Foggia 200 km/h (120 mph) 2026 (to be upgraded) 23 km (14 mi) (now); 194 km (121 mi) (full line approved)
Salerno–Reggio Calabria railway Salerno–Reggio Calabria 200 km/h (120 mph) 1987–2021 135.3 km (84.1 mi) (out of 333 km)
Milan–Bologna railway Milan–Bologna 200 km/h (120 mph) upgraded in 1930s 219 km (136 mi)
Adriatic railway Lecce–Bari–Foggia 200 km/h (120 mph) 2023 (to be upgraded) 32 km (20 mi) (upgraded or new); 160.96 km (100.02 mi) (upgrading); 594 km (369 mi) (full)
Bologna–Ancona railway Bologna–Ancona 200 km/h (120 mph) 2015; ? (to be upgraded) 52 km (32 mi) (upgraded or new); 204 km (127 mi) (full, to be upgraded)
Route to Swiss border Milan–Chiasso 200 km/h (120 mph) Unknown (to be upgraded) 51 km (32 mi)
Genoa–Ventimiglia railway Genoa–Ventimiglia 180 km/h (110 mph) (now; upgradable) Unknown (to be upgraded) 50.2 km (31.2 mi)
Livorno–Rome railway Cecina–Toscana/Lazio border 200 km/h (120 mph) 150.5 km (93.5 mi)
Verona–Bologna railway Verona–Bologna 200 km/h (120 mph) 113 km (70 mi)
Verona-Venice old railway Verona–Venice 200 km/h (120 mph) 50.7 km (31.5 mi)
Rome–Ancona railway Foligno–Fabriano 200 km/h (120 mph) (planned) 53.279 km (33.106 mi)


Portugal

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Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Linha do Norte Porto-Campanhã–Lisboa-Santa Apolónia 220 km/h (140 mph) 1999 117 km (high-speed); 337 km (total)
Linha do Sul Porto-Campanhã–Faro 220 km/h (140 mph) 2004 approx. 110 km (high-speed); approx. 50 km (upgrading); 274 km (total)
South Axis (section under upgrading)[69] Faro–Évora 220 km/h (140 mph) 2014–2025 278 km

New lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Opening Length
Lisbon–Porto high-speed rail line Lisbon–Porto 300 km/h (186 mph) until 2030 298 km
South Axis (new section)[69] Évora–Spanish Border 250 km/h (155 mph) Planned 2024 (Évora–Elvas).[70] 97 km

Spain

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Main articles: high-speed rail in Spain and AVE
 
Spanish HSR Network (November 2023)

New high-speed line (operational)

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Line Connected cities/stations Year of inauguration Operational top speed Type of trains Length
North-western corridor
HSR Madrid – Galicia Ourense · Santiago de Compostela 2011 300 km/h or 186 mph S-121, S-130, S-730 88.2 km
Madrid Chamartín · Segovia · Olmedo · Zamora 2015 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102, S-130, S-730 240 km 
Zamora · Sanabria 2020 110 km
Sanabria · Ourense 2021 119.4 km 
HSR Atlantic Axis Santiago de Compostela · A Coruña 2011 250 km/h or 155 mph S-121, S-130, S-730
Vigo · Pontevedra · Santiago de Compostela 2015
North corridor
HSR Madrid – Asturias Madrid Chamartín · Segovia · Valladolid 2007 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102, S-114, S-130, S-121 178.1 km
Valladolid · Venta de Baños · Palencia · León 2015 166.1 km
León · La Robla · Pola de Lena 2023 S-130, S-121 70.2 km
HSR Madrid – Burgos Madrid Chamartín · Segovia · Valladolid · Venta de Baños 2015 300 km/h or 186 mph S-112, S-114 217.5 km
Venta de Baños · Burgos 2022 86.5 km
North-eastern corridor
HSR Madrid – Barcelona Madrid Atocha · Guadalajara–Yebes · Calatayud · Zaragoza · Lleida 2003 310 km/h or 193 mph S-100, S-103, S-112, S-120, S-121 442.1 km
Lleida · Camp de Tarragona 2006 78.8 km
Camp de Tarragona · Barcelona-Sants 2008 100 km
HSR Barcelona – Perpignan Figueres · Perpignan (France) 2009 300 km/h or 186 mph S-100, SNCF TGV Duplex 47.9 km
Barcelona-Sants · Barcelona-Sagrera · Girona · Figueres 2013 128 km
HSR Madrid – Huesca Madrid Atocha · Guadalajara–Yebes · Calatayud · Zaragoza · Tardienta · Huesca 2005 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102,

S-100

Eastern corridor
HSR Madrid – Castellón Madrid Atocha · Cuenca · Requena-Utiel · Valencia 2010 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102, S-112, S-130 390.3 km
Valencia · Castellón 2018 S-112, S-130 72 km 
HSR Madrid – Alicante Madrid Chamartín · Cuenca · Albacete 2010 300 km/h or 186 mph S-112, S-130 321.7 km 
Albacete · Villena · Alicante 2013 171.5 km 
HSR Madrid – Murcia Madrid Atocha · Cuenca · Albacete · Elche · Orihuela 2021 300 km/h or 186 mph S-112 520.32 km
Orihuela · Murcia 2022 20.2 km
Southern corridor
HSR Madrid – Seville Madrid Atocha · Ciudad Real · Puertollano · Córdoba · Seville 1992 300 km/h or 186 mph S-100, S-102, S-103, S-112, S-104 472 km
Seville · Jerez de la Frontera · Cádiz 2015 200 km/h or 124 mph S-130 122 km
HSR Madrid – Málaga Madrid Atocha · Ciudad Real · Puertollano · Córdoba · Puente Genil-Herrera · Antequera · Málaga 2007 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102, S-103, S-112, S-104 512.5 km
HSR Madrid – Toledo Madrid Atocha · Toledo 2005 250 km/h or 155 mph S-104 74 km
HSR Antequera–Granada Antequera · Granada 2019 300 km/h or 186 mph S-102, S-112 122.8 km
Mediterranean corridor
HSR Catalonia–Andalusia Tarragona · Vandellós 2020 200 km/h or 124 mph S-130, S-121 46.5 km

Upgraded lines

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Line name Start and end points Maximum speed Upgraded Length Notes
Valencia–Tarragona railway Valencia-Nord–Camp de Tarragona 220 km/h (140 mph) 1997 300 km (190 mi) Only some sections are for high-speed trains. Some of them converted in 1997, additional dedicated in parallel is partially opened in 2018
Madrid-Valencia rail line Madrid-Atocha–Valencia-Nord 220 km/h (140 mph) 1999 301 km (187 mi) Since 2010 not in use for high-speed trains
La Coruña-Santiago de Compostela 250 km/h (160 mph) 2011 74.5 km (46.3 mi)
Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway 200 km/h (120 mph) 2015 122 km (76 mi)[71] Upgraded section to high-speed standards between Seville and Cádiz. Used by Alvia trains.
Albacete–La Encina 300 km/h (190 mph) 2011-2013 90 km (56 mi) Converted to standard gauge, then upgraded from 200 km/h to 300 km/h
Valencia–Calafat 220 km/h (140 mph) 2004 219 km (136 mi)
Mérida-Badajos (Portuguese border) 200 km/h (120 mph) 2004 60 km (37 mi)

North America

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United States

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Main article: High-speed rail in the United States
Line Termini Length Type Maximum speed Opening Status
Northeast Corridor South station (Boston)–Washington Union 80.3 km (49.9 mi)[av] Upgraded 240 km/h (150 mph) 2000 Operational
Brightline Orlando IAIT-Cocoa 56.3 km (35.0 mi)[72] Upgraded 201 km/h (125 mph)[aw] 2018 Operational
California HSR San Francisco–Los Angeles 1,249 km (776 mi)[ax] New 350 km/h (220 mph) 2030–2033 Under construction
Brightline West Las Vegas-Los Angeles[ay] 351 km (218 mi) New 320 km/h (200 mph) 2027-2028 Under construction

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Population data is based on worldometers.info, as of July 2024
  2. ^ Between 2011 and 2017 the speed limit has been decreased from 350 to 300 km/h (220 to 190 mph) on all tracks and lines.[9][10]
  3. ^ Tōhoku Shinkansen to be increased to 360 km/h in around 2027; unconventional lines under construction are expected to be faster.
  4. ^ 1435+1067 dual gauge in the Seikan tunnel
  5. ^ Eurostar (international) trains only. 330 km/h after completion of (HS2). The East Coast Main Line will be increased from 200 to 225 km/h after re-signaling.
  6. ^ 750V DC Third-Rail at junctions only.
  7. ^ Rolling stock is ready to be used on 1520 mm network abroad.
  8. ^ Under construction lines
  9. ^ 250 km/h ready (ERTMS re-signaling needed). 205 km/h is permitted when 200 km/h trains are delayed.
  10. ^ P.A.Th.E./P. sections supporting at least 200km/h are summed here.
  11. ^ Sincan–Köseköy (313km) + Polatlı–Konya (212) + Kayaş–Sivas (394km) + Konya-Karaman (102km)
  12. ^ Under construction lines in Turkey.
  13. ^ Linha do Norte (336 km) + Linha do Sul (274 km)
  14. ^ Additonally, the 10km extension from Elvas to the border.[25]
  15. ^ Tashkent–Bukhara high-speed rail line
  16. ^ High-speed rail in Belgium
  17. ^ Diabolo project
  18. ^ Western and New Lower Valley Inn Railway lines.
  19. ^ Gardermoen Line (64 km) + Vestfold Line (137.79 km) + Follo (22 km)
  20. ^ High-speed rail in Poland
  21. ^ HSL Zuid (125 km) + Hanzelijn (50 km)
  22. ^ Eurostar (international) trains only, local high-speed trains (V250) failed to launch (250 km/h). 200 km/h trains started operation April 2023 (ICNG trains).
  23. ^ High-speed rail in Switzerland
  24. ^ 12.5 kV 60 Hz (New Haven–New York),
    12 kV 25 Hz (New York–Washington),
    25 kV 60 Hz;(Boston–New Haven)
  25. ^ Exception: 1530 in Uzbekistan.
  26. ^ Excluding Turkey which is counted in Asian section.
  27. ^ a b 25 kV 50 Hz (most common); 15 kV 16.7 Hz (second most common); 3 kV DC; 1.5 kV DC
  28. ^ Exception: 1520 in Russia; 1524 in Finland; 1668 in Spain and Portugal
  29. ^ Exception: 1668 in Spain and Portugal
  30. ^ 12.5 kV 60 Hz (New Haven–New York),
    12 kV 25 Hz (New York–Washington),
    25 kV 60 Hz;(Boston–New Haven)
  31. ^ a b Part of the greater Beijing-Hong Kong, Macau corridor.
  32. ^ a b Part of the coastal corridor; consists of the Hangzhou-Fuzhou section which is already operational and is listed separately above
  33. ^ Tianjin-Yantai and Nantong-Suzhou sections under construction
  34. ^ Guangzhou-Hepu section is under construction
  35. ^ 812 km under construction
  36. ^ Including Yinchuan-Xi'an line and Hainan Eastern and Western ring railway lines.
  37. ^ 1,422 km is under construction; ~950 km is planned
  38. ^ 646 km is under construction
  39. ^ Porposed branch to Taipei crossing Taiwan Starit.
  40. ^ 690 km under planning; 409 km under construction
  41. ^ 2,965 km under construction
  42. ^ Including a branch line to Chongqinq.
  43. ^ Xiong'an-Xinzhou (340 km) and Chongqing-Kunming (698.98 km), totalling 1038.96 km is under construction
  44. ^ ~1,000 km under planning.
  45. ^ Max speed attained on record: 603 km/h
  46. ^ Demonstration since 2020.
  47. ^ a b Danish side
  48. ^ While the Northeast Corridor spans 735 kms, only 80.3 km of its section support 240 km/h speeds. Several stretches of track on the Northeast Corridor can support up to 201 km/h speeds, but those speeds are the international standard definition of high-speed rail for upgraded tracks, and also are considered higher-speed rail by FRA standards.
  49. ^ Though speeds up to 201 km/h are the international standard definition of high-speed rail on upgraded tracks, Brightline is more considered higher-speed rail by FRA standards.
  50. ^ The IOS (Initial Operating Segment) will be 171 miles, while the completed Phase 1 route will be 494 miles lomg. Currently, the completed system, which includes Phase 2 (includes Sacramento and San Diego), will be 776 miles long. Phase 2 has yet to begin construction.
  51. ^ The Brightline West will run to the Rancho Cucamonga station in Greater Los Angeles in Southern California, where riders can use the Metrolink San Bernardino Line to connect to Union Station.

References

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  1. ^ "General definitions of highspeed". Paris, France: International Union of Railways (UIC). July 28, 2014. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  2. ^ C. S. Papacostas; Panos D. Prevedouros (2001). Transportation engineering and planning. Pearson College Division. ISBN 978-0-13-081419-7.
  3. ^ "High Speed lines in the world". Paris, France: International Union of Railways, UIC. July 23, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  4. ^ "High speed lines in the World" (PDF). Paris, France: International Union of Railways, UIC. July 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
  5. ^ "Le réseau des lignes de chemin de fer à grande vitesse en Europe" (PDF) (in French). Communauté d'intérêts pour les transports publics, section Vaud. May 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via citrap-vaud.ch.
  6. ^ "China's operating high-speed railway hits 45,000 km - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  7. ^ "China charges full speed ahead on bullet train expansion".
  8. ^ "China restores bullet train speed to 350 km/h – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  9. ^ "China begins to restore 350 kmh bullet train – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  10. ^ "China Just Relaunched the World's Fastest Train". Fortune.com/. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  11. ^ "Red de Alta Velocidad - Adif - AV - Adif". www.adifaltavelocidad.es. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  12. ^ "Japan: JR bullet train network length by line 2023". Statista. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  13. ^ "TGV at 40: Its latest model is launching into an age of global rivalry". euronews. September 17, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  14. ^ "Italy agrees to resume controversial Turin-Lyon high-speed rail link". euronews. July 27, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  15. ^ Lasserre, Benoît (January 7, 2017). "La vie à 320km/h: le conducteur de la première rame LGV raconte". Sud-Ouest (in French). ISSN 1760-6454. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  16. ^ "High-Speed Trains in the UK". Trainline. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  17. ^ "HS2 Phase One full business case". GOV.UK. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  18. ^ Globalist, The (September 8, 2018). "Europe's High-Speed Rail Leaders". The Globalist. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  19. ^ a b "20 Countries With Largest High Speed Rail Network". Yahoo Finance. September 6, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  20. ^ "Italy: high-speed railway network length". Statista. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  21. ^ "South Korea: high-speed railroad length". Statista. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  22. ^ "First high speed train Sapsan arrived in St Petersburg from Moscow :: Russia-InfoCentre". www.russia-ic.com. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  23. ^ "Russia begins construction of first high-speed line". International Railway Journal. March 15, 2024. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024.
  24. ^ Pires 2024-04-18T14:30:00, André. "Portugal: South International Corridor nears completion". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved June 30, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "Linha de Évora, Troço Elvas – (Caia) Fronteira | Infraestruturas de Portugal". www.infraestruturasdeportugal.pt. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  26. ^ "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank provides $108 million loan to Uzbekistan for railway line electrification". akipress.com. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  27. ^ "Makkah to Medina in 90 minutes: Saudi king launches new Haramain rail service". ArabianBusiness.com.
  28. ^ "計畫介紹". www.hsr.gov.tw (in Chinese). Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
  29. ^ International2023-12-19T11:00:00+00:00, Railway Gazette. "More high speed sets in ONCF rolling stock order". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved June 30, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Indonesia: 'Whoosh' train rockets beyond 1.3 million passengers". gulfnews.com. January 11, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  31. ^ "Northeast Corridor Employee Timetable #5" (PDF). National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak). June 7, 2020. p. 110. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020 – via National Transportation Safety Board..
  32. ^ California High-Speed Rail Authority. "Implementation Plan" (PDF). pp. 23, 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
  33. ^ Radović, Z. (March 17, 2022). "Brza pruga Beograd - Novi Sad za građane se otvara u nedelju - koliko će vozova saobraćati i koje će biti cene karata". Euronews.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  34. ^ Vojvodine, Javna medijska ustanova JMU Radio-televizija. "Radovi na pruzi Novi Sad - Subotica, prvi brzi voz će proći krajem 2024". JMU Radio-televizija Vojvodine (in Serbian (Latin script)). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  35. ^ CRNOMARKOVIĆ, A. "Nema stajanja! "Soko" će i do Niša ići 200 na sat: Kreću gradnja i obnova 1.165 kilometara pruga u Srbiji!". INFORMER (in Serbian). Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  36. ^ "Copenhagen-Ringsted High-Speed Line". Railway Technology. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  37. ^ "Fjernbanen | Banedanmark". bane.dk. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  38. ^ "Highways Department - Hong Kong Section of Guangzhou – Shenzhen – Hong Kong Express Rail Link". www.hyd.gov.hk. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
  39. ^ International2024-06-05T05:00:00+01:00, Railway Gazette. "Japanese high speed rail freight services expand". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved July 1, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ "Sameday Rail". time:matters. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  41. ^ "HighSpeedRail Freight in China: cargo-partner". www.cargo-partner.com. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  42. ^ Barrow, Keith (June 29, 2015). "Last post for French high-speed freight as postal TGVs bow out". International Railway Journal. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  43. ^ "Route alternative approved for the future construction of the Rail Baltica railway from Kaunas to the border with Poland | Rail Baltica". www.railbaltica.org. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  44. ^ "Technical Parameters". www.railbaltica.org. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  45. ^ "India's first high-speed project falls behind". International Railway Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  46. ^ Limited, Bangkok Post Public Company. "Hi-speed rail work delayed over curbs". Bangkok Post. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  47. ^ "Thailand signs agreement to build Bangkok-Pattaya rail link". South China Morning Post. October 24, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  48. ^ "نقش چینی‌ها در راه‌اندازی قطار سریع‌السیر اصفهان-تهران-مشهد چیست؟". تجارت نیوز (in Persian). July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  49. ^ "Iran Daily - Number Seven Thousand Five Hundred and Ninety Three - 01 July 2024". newspaper.irandaily.ir. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  50. ^ Writer, Staff; Finance, Arab. "Egypt, Siemens to ink contract for 2 lines of high-speed electric rail in May". www.zawya.com. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  51. ^ "Tlemcen: Le LGV se rapproche de Maghnia à petite vitesse". ITA (in French). Retrieved July 1, 2024.
  52. ^ News, Amal El Attaq-Morocco World. "Morocco's Al Boraq Ranks 6th Fastest Train In the World". www.moroccoworldnews.com. Retrieved July 6, 2024. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  53. ^ "Ånges linjebok–221 Gimonäs till Sundsvall" (PDF).
  54. ^ a b "Ligne a Grande Vitesse Mediterranee (LN5)" (PDF). rail21.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  55. ^ limited by rolling stock maximum operating speed
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h "RAIL21–Le réseau SNCF". rail21.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  57. ^ a b "Angebot auf der Filstalbahn soll weiterentwickelt werden" (in German). Baden–Württemberg state government. April 17, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  58. ^ "Schneller nach Ulm".
  59. ^ "Neubaustrecke Karlsruhe–Basel (aktueller Stand)–Karl Brodowskys Blog". karl.brodowsky.com. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  60. ^ "HS2: When will the line open and how much will it cost?". BBC News. February 11, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  61. ^ "Delays expected: Why high-speed rail projects are failing worldwide". June 3, 2021.
  62. ^ (if King's Cross–Knebworth excluded)
  63. ^ tilting trains only
  64. ^ (if Carstairs–Glasgow and Euston–Willesden sections excluded)
  65. ^ a b c "Wykaz maksymalnych prędkości–składy wagonowe" (PDF). Plk-sa.pl. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  66. ^ "Russia's New High Speed Rail Route to Cost $36Bln". October 23, 2019.
  67. ^ (soon)https://www.volga-tv.ru/news/novosti/2020/n-novaya-stantsiya-pod-nazvaniem-nizhniy-novgorod-strigino-otk/
  68. ^ "RFI awards EUR 1.6 billion contract under Brescia–Verona HSR project". Railwaypro.com. June 12, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  69. ^ a b http://cip.org.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Ref-96-AR_S32.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  70. ^ Portugal confirma alta velocidade entre Badajoz e Lisboa em 2024 (Portugal confirms high speed between Badajoz and Lisbon in 2024), 16 March 2023.
  71. ^ "Fomento culmina la obra de alta velocidad entre Sevilla y Cádiz". lavozdigital.es (in Spanish). October 2015.
  72. ^ "South Florida gets first peek at Brightline express train". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. January 11, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
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