Events
46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina .[1] 871 – Battle of Reading : Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army.[2] 1649 – English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.[3] 1717 – The Netherlands , Great Britain , and France sign the Triple Alliance [4] Treaty of Utrecht ; Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17, 1716).1762 – Great Britain declares war on Spain , thus entering the Seven Years' War .[5] 1798 – Constantine Hangerli arrives in Bucharest , Wallachia , as its new Prince , invested by the Ottoman Empire .[6] 1853 – After having been kidnapped and sold into slavery in the American South, Solomon Northup regains his freedom; his memoir Twelve Years a Slave [7] 1854 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang .[8] 1863 – The New Apostolic Church , a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg , Germany.[9] 1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) : Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule [10] Liberated Bulgaria .1884 – The Fabian Society is founded in London, United Kingdom.[11] 1896 – Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state .[12] 1903 – Topsy , an elephant , is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island . The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant [13] 1912 – The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter .[14] 1918 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.[15] 1944 – World War II : Operation Carpetbagger , involving the dropping of arms and supplies to resistance fighters in Europe, begins.[16] 1948 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom becoming an independent republic,[17] Union of Burma , with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President and U Nu its first Prime Minister.1951 – Korean War : Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul .[18] 1956 – The Greek National Radical Union is formed by Konstantinos Karamanlis .[19] 1958 – Sputnik 1 , the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, falls to Earth from orbit.[20] 1959 – Luna 1 spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon .[21] 1972 – Rose Heilbron becomes the first female judge to sit at the Old Bailey in London, UK.[22] 1976 – The Troubles : The Ulster Volunteer Force shoots dead six Irish Catholic civilians in County Armagh , Northern Ireland. The next day, gunmen would shoot dead ten Protestant civilians nearby in retaliation.[23] 1987 – The Maryland train collision : An Amtrak train en route to Boston from Washington, D.C., collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland , United States, killing 16 people.[24] 1989 – Second Gulf of Sidra incident : A pair of Libyan MiG-23 "Floggers" are shot down by a pair of US Navy F-14 Tomcats during an air-to-air confrontation.[25] 1990 – In Pakistan's deadliest train accident an overloaded passenger train collides with an empty freight train , resulting in 307 deaths and 700 injuries.[26] 1998 – A massive ice storm hits eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, continuing through January 10 and causing widespread destruction.[27] 1999 – Former professional wrestler Jesse Ventura is sworn in as governor of Minnesota , United States.[28] 2004 – Spirit NASA Mars rover , lands successfully on Mars at 04:35 UTC .[29] 2004 – Mikheil Saakashvili is elected President of Georgia following the November 2003 Rose Revolution .[30]
2006 – Ehud Olmert becomes acting Prime Minister of Israel after the incumbent, Ariel Sharon , suffers a second, apparently more serious stroke.[31] 2007 – The 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U.S. history.[32] 2010 – The Burj Khalifa , the current tallest building in the world, officially opens in Dubai .[33] 2013 – A gunman kills eight people in a house-to-house rampage in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines .[34] 2018 – Hennenman–Kroonstad train crash : A passenger train operated by Shosholoza Meyl collides with a truck on a level crossing at Geneva Station between Hennenman and Kroonstad , Free State, South Africa. Twenty people are killed and 260 injured.[35]
Births
659 – Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (d.680) [36] [37] 1077 – Emperor Zhezong of China (d. 1100)[38] 1334 – Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (d. 1383)[39] 1467 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (d. 1538)[40] 1581 – James Ussher , Irish archbishop and historian (d. 1656)[41] 1643 – Isaac Newton , English mathematician and physicist (d. 1727)[42] 1654 – Lars Roberg , Swedish physician and academic (d. 1742)[43] 1672 – Hugh Boulter , English-Irish archbishop (d. 1742)[44] 1710 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi , Italian composer, violinist, and organist (d. 1736)[45] 1720 – Johann Friedrich Agricola , German organist and composer (d. 1774)[46] 1785 – Jacob Grimm , German philologist and mythologist (d. 1863)[47] 1809 – Louis Braille , French educator, invented Braille (d. 1852)[48] 1813 – Isaac Pitman , English linguist and educator (d. 1897)[49] 1832 – George Tryon , English admiral (d. 1893)[50] 1838 – General Tom Thumb , American circus performer (d. 1883)[51] 1839 – Carl Humann , German archaeologist, architect, and engineer (d. 1896)[52] 1848 – Katsura Tarō , Japanese general and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1913)[53] 1858 – Carter Glass , American publisher and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1946)[54] 1864 – Clara Emilia Smitt , Swedish author (d. 1928)[55] 1869 – Tommy Corcoran , American baseball player and umpire (d. 1960)[56] 1874 – Josef Suk , Czech violinist and composer (d. 1935)[57] 1877 – Marsden Hartley , American painter and poet (d. 1943)[58] 1878 – A. E. Coppard , English poet and short story writer (d. 1957)[59] 1878 – Augustus John , Welsh painter and illustrator (d. 1961)[60]
1881 – Wilhelm Lehmbruck , German sculptor (d. 1919)[61] 1883 – Max Eastman , American author and poet (d. 1969)[62] 1883 – Johanna Westerdijk , Dutch pathologist and academic (d. 1961)[63]
1884 – Guy Pène du Bois , American painter, critic, and educator (d. 1958)[64] 1889 – M. Patanjali Sastri , Indian lawyer and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of India (d. 1963)[65] 1891 – Edward Brooker , English-Australian sergeant and politician, 31st Premier of Tasmania (d. 1948)[66] 1895 – Leroy Grumman , American engineer and businessman, co-founded Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Co. (d. 1982)[67] 1896 – Everett Dirksen , American politician (d. 1969)[68] 1896 – André Masson , French painter and illustrator (d. 1987)[69]
1897 – Chen Cheng , Chinese politician, Vice President of the Republic of China (d. 1965)[70] 1900 – James Bond , American ornithologist and zoologist (d. 1989)[71] 1901 – C. L. R. James , Trinidadian journalist and theorist (d. 1989)[72] 1902 – John A. McCone , American businessman and politician, 6th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1991)[73] 1905 – Sterling Holloway , American actor (d. 1992)[74] 1913 – Malietoa Tanumafili II , Samoan ruler (d. 2007)[75] 1916 – Slim Gaillard , American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1991)[76] 1916 – Lionel Newman , American pianist and composer (d. 1989)[77]
1916 – Robert Parrish , American actor and director (d. 1995)[78]
1920 – William Colby , American intelligence officer, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1996)[79] 1924 – Marianne Werner , German shot putter[80] 1925 – Veikko Hakulinen , Finnish skier and technician (d. 2003)[81] 1927 – Paul Desmarais , Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)[82] 1927 – Barbara Rush , American actress[83]
1929 – Günter Schabowski , German journalist and politician (d. 2015)[84] 1930 – Sorrell Booke , American actor and director (d. 1994)[85] 1931 – William Deane , Australian judge and politician, 22nd Governor-General of Australia [86] 1931 – Coşkun Özarı , Turkish footballer and coach (d. 2011)
1932 – Clint Hill , American secret service agent and author1932 – Carlos Saura , Spanish director and screenwriter[87]
1934 – Rudolf Schuster , Slovak politician, 2nd President of Slovakia [88] 1935 – Floyd Patterson , American boxer (d. 2006)[89] 1937 – Grace Bumbry , American operatic soprano[90] 1937 – Dyan Cannon , American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter[91]
1940 – Gao Xingjian , Chinese novelist, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate[92] 1940 – Brian Josephson , Welsh physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[93]
1941 – George P. Cosmatos , Italian-Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2005)[94] 1941 – Kalpnath Rai , Indian politician (d. 1999)[95]
1942 – Bolaji Akinyemi , Nigerian political scientist, academic, and politician[96] 1942 – John McLaughlin , English guitarist and songwriter[97]
1943 – Doris Kearns Goodwin , American historian and author[98] 1943 – Hwang Sok-yong , South Korean author and educator[99]
1945 – Richard R. Schrock , American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate[100] 1946 – Arthur Conley , American singer-songwriter (d. 2003)[101] 1947 – Marie-Thérèse Letablier , French sociologist and academic[102] 1948 – Kostas Davourlis , Greek footballer (d. 1992)[103] 1948 – Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé , Malian civil servant and politician, Prime Minister of Mali
1950 – Khondakar Ashraf Hossain , Bangladesh poet and academic (d. 2013)[104] 1953 – Norberto Alonso , Argentinian footballer[105] 1954 – Tina Knowles , American fashion designer, founded House of Deréon [106] 1956 – Ann Magnuson , American actress and performance artist [107] 1956 – Zehava Gal-On , Israeli politician[108]
1956 – Bernard Sumner , English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[109]
1957 – Patty Loveless , American singer-songwriter and guitarist[110] 1958 – Matt Frewer , American-Canadian actor[111] 1960 – Michael Stipe , American singer-songwriter and producer[112] 1963 – Dave Foley , Canadian comedian, actor, director, and producer[113] 1964 – Susan Devoy , New Zealand squash player[114] 1965 – Guy Forget , French tennis player[115] 1965 – Craig Revel Horwood , Australian-English dancer, choreographer, and director[116]
1965 – Julia Ormond , English actress and producer[117]
1966 – Deana Carter , American singer-songwriter and guitarist[118] 1967 – David Toms , American golfer and philanthropist[119] 1978 – Dominik Hrbatý , Slovak tennis player[120] 1980 – Miguel Monteiro , Portuguese footballer[121] 1985 – Gökhan Gönül , Turkish footballer[122] 1985 – Al Jefferson , American basketball player[123]
1986 – James Milner , English footballer[124] 1990 – Toni Kroos , German footballer[125] 1992 – Kris Bryant , American baseball player[126] 1997 – Ante Žižić , Croatian basketball player[127] 1998 – Liza Soberano , Filipina actress[128]
Deaths
871 – Æthelwulf , Saxon ealdorman [129] 874 – Hasan al-Askari , eleventh of the Twelve Imams (probable;[130] 1248 – Sancho II of Portugal (b. 1209)[131] 1344 – Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle , English peer (b. 1288)[132] 1399 – Nicholas Eymerich , Catalan theologian and inquisitor[133] 1424 – Muzio Sforza , Italian condottiero[134] 1428 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)[135] 1584 – Tobias Stimmer , Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1539)[136] 1604 – Ferenc Nádasdy , Hungarian noble (b. 1555)[137] 1695 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg , French general (b. 1628)[138] 1752 – Gabriel Cramer , Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1704)[139] 1761 – Stephen Hales , English clergyman and physiologist (b. 1677)[140] 1782 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel , French architect, designed École Militaire (b. 1698)[141] 1786 – Moses Mendelssohn , German philosopher and theologian (b. 1729)[142] 1804 – Charlotte Lennox , English author and poet (b. 1730)[143] 1821 – Elizabeth Ann Seton , American nun and saint (b. 1774)[144] 1825 – Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1751)[145] 1863 – Roger Hanson , American general (b. 1827)[146] 1874 – Thomas Gregson , English-Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Tasmania (b. 1798)[147] 1877 – Cornelius Vanderbilt , American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1794)[148] 1880 – Anselm Feuerbach , German painter and educator (b. 1829)[149] 1880 – Edward William Cooke , English painter and illustrator (b. 1811)[150]
1882 – John William Draper , English-American physician, chemist, and photographer (b. 1811)[151] 1883 – Antoine Chanzy , French general (b. 1823)[152] 1891 – Antoine Labelle , Canadian priest (b. 1833)[153] 1896 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens , German bishop and academic (b. 1821)[154] 1900 – Stanisław Mieroszewski , Polish-born politician, writer, historian and member of the Imperial Council of Austria (b. 1827)[155] 1901 – Nikolaos Gyzis , Greek painter and academic (b. 1842)1904 – Anna Winlock , American astronomer and academic (b. 1857)[156] 1910 – Léon Delagrange , French pilot and sculptor (b. 1873)[157] 1912 – Clarence Dutton , American geologist and soldier (b. 1841)[158] 1919 – Georg von Hertling , German academic and politician, 7th Chancellor of the German Empire (b. 1843)[159] 1920 – Benito Pérez Galdós , Spanish author and playwright (b. 1843)[160] 1924 – Alfred Grünfeld , Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1852)[161] 1925 – Nellie Cashman , American nurse, restaurateur, entrepreneur, and gold prospector (b. 1845)[162] 1927 – Süleyman Nazif , Turkish poet and civil servant (b. 1870)[163] 1931 – Art Acord , American actor and stuntman (b. 1890)[164] 1931 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)[165]
1931 – Mohammad Ali Jouhar , Indian journalist, activist, and scholar (b. 1878)
1940 – Flora Finch , English-American actress and producer (b. 1867)1941 – Henri Bergson , French philosopher and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)[166] 1943 – Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz , Greek-Polish swimmer and water polo player (b. 1911)1944 – Kaj Munk , Danish playwright and pastor (b. 1898)1944 – Jean Tatlock , American psychiatrist and physician (b. 1914)1960 – Albert Camus , French novelist, philosopher, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1913)[167] 1961 – Erwin Schrödinger , Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)[168] 1962 – Hans Lammers , German jurist and politician (b. 1879)1965 – T. S. Eliot , American-English poet, playwright, and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)[169] 1967 – Donald Campbell , English racing driver and world speed record holder (b. 1921)[170] 1969 – Paul Chambers , American bassist and composer (b. 1935)[171] 1975 – Carlo Levi , Italian painter, author, and activist (b. 1902)[172] 1985 – Brian Horrocks , Indian-English general (b. 1895)[173] 1986 – Christopher Isherwood , English-American author and academic (b. 1904)[174] 1986 – Phil Lynott , Irish singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (b. 1949)[175]
1988 – Lily Laskine , French harp player (b. 1893)[176] 1990 – Harold Eugene Edgerton , American engineer and academic (b. 1903)[177] 1990 – Henry Bolte , Australian sergeant and politician, 38th Premier of Victoria (b. 1908)
1994 – R. D. Burman , Indian film composer and music director (b. 1939)[178] 1995 – Eduardo Mata , Mexican conductor and composer (b. 1942)[179] 1995 – Sol Tax , American anthropologist and academic (b. 1907)[180]
1997 – Harry Helmsley , American businessman (b. 1909)[181] 1998 – Mae Questel , American actress (b. 1908)[182] 1999 – Iron Eyes Cody , American actor and stuntman (b. 1904)[183] 2000 – Spyros Markezinis , Greek lawyer and politician, 170th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1909)2000 – Tom Fears , Mexican-American football player and coach (b. 1922)
2001 – Les Brown , American bandleader and composer (b. 1912)[184] 2004 – Brian Gibson , English director and screenwriter (b. 1944)[185] 2004 – Joan Aiken , English author (b. 1924)[186]
2004 – John Toland , American historian and author (b. 1912)[187]
2005 – Bud Poile , Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1924)[188] 2005 – Frank Harary , American mathematician and academic (b. 1921)[189]
2005 – Humphrey Carpenter , English radio host and author (b. 1946)[190]
2005 – Robert Heilbroner , American economist and historian (b. 1919)[191]
2006 – Irving Layton , Romanian-Canadian poet and academic (b. 1912)[192] 2006 – Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , Emirati politician, 1st Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (b. 1946)[193]
2006 – Milton Himmelfarb , American sociographer, author, and academic (b. 1918)[194]
2007 – Helen Hill , American director and producer (b. 1970)2007 – Steve Krantz , American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
2007 – Marais Viljoen , South African politician, 5th State President of South Africa (b. 1915)[195]
2008 – Xavier Chamorro Cardenal , Nicaraguan journalist (b. 1932)[196] 2009 – Gert Jonke , Austrian poet, playwright, and author (b. 1946)[197] 2010 – Johan Ferrier , Surinamese educator and politician, 1st President of Suriname (b. 1910)[198] 2010 – Tsutomu Yamaguchi , Japanese engineer (b. 1916)[199]
2011 – Coen Moulijn , Dutch footballer (b. 1937)[200] 2011 – Gerry Rafferty , Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1947)[201]
2011 – Salmaan Taseer , Pakistani businessman and politician, 26th Governor of Punjab, Pakistan (b. 1944)[202]
2012 – Eve Arnold , American photographer and journalist (b. 1912)[203] 2012 – Rod Robbie , English-Canadian architect, designed the Canadian Pavilion and Rogers Centre (b. 1928)[204]
2013 – Anwar Shamim , Pakistani general (b. 1931)[205] 2013 – Zoran Žižić , Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (b. 1951)[206]
2015 – Pino Daniele , Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1955)[207] 2016 – S. H. Kapadia , Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 38th Chief Justice of India (b. 1947)[208] 2016 – Stephen W. Bosworth , American academic and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Korea (b. 1939)[209]
2017 – Milt Schmidt , Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (b. 1918)[210] 2017 – Georges Prêtre , French orchestral and opera conductor (b. 1924)[211]
2019 – Harold Brown , 14th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1927 )[212]
Holidays and observances
Events
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