Events
1477 – Battle of Nancy : Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine ; the Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.[1]
1675 – Battle of Colmar : The French army beats Brandenburg .[2]
1757 – Louis XV of France survives an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens , the last person to be executed in France by drawing and quartering , the traditional and gruesome form of capital punishment used for regicides .[3]
1781 – American Revolutionary War : Richmond, Virginia , is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold .[4]
1875 – The Palais Garnier , one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris.[5]
1895 – Dreyfus affair : French army officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island .[6]
1911 – Kappa Alpha Psi , the world's third oldest and largest black fraternity , is founded at Indiana University .[7]
1912 – The sixth All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Prague Party Conference ) opens. In the course of the conference, Vladimir Lenin and his supporters break from the rest of the party to form the Bolshevik movement.[8]
1913 – First Balkan War : The Battle of Lemnos begins; Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles , from which it did not venture for the rest of the war.[9]
1914 – The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and minimum daily wage of $5 in salary plus bonuses.[10]
1919 – The German Workers' Party , which would become the Nazi Party , is founded in Munich.[11]
1925 – Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming becomes the first female governor in the United States.[12]
1933 – Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge begins in San Francisco Bay .[13]
1941 – Amy Johnson , a 37-year-old pilot and the first woman to fly solo from London to Australia, disappears after bailing out of her plane over the River Thames, and is presumed dead.[14]
1944 – The Daily Mail becomes the first major London newspaper to be published on both sides of the Atlantic.[15]
1945 – The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland .[16]
1949 – In his "State of the Union" address, United States President Harry S. Truman unveils his Fair Deal program.[17]
1950 – In the Sverdlovsk air disaster , all 19 of those on board are killed, including almost the entire national ice hockey team (VVS Moscow) of the Soviet Air Force – 11 players, as well as a team doctor and a masseur.[18]
1953 – The play Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett receives its première in Paris.[19]
1957 – In a speech given to the United States Congress , United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces the establishment of what will later be called the Eisenhower Doctrine .[20]
1968 – Alexander Dubček comes to power in Czechoslovakia , effectively beginning the "Prague Spring ".[21]
1969 – The Venera 5 space probe is launched at 06:28:08 UTC[22] from Baikonur .[23] [24]
1970 – The 7.1 Mw Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County , Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme ). Between 10,000 and 15,000 people are known to have been killed and about another 26,000 are injured.[25]
1975 – The Tasman Bridge in Tasmania , Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra , killing twelve people.[26]
1976 – The Khmer Rouge proclaim the Constitution of Democratic Kampuchea .
1976 – The Troubles: Gunmen shoot dead ten Protestant civilians after stopping their minibus at Kingsmill in County Armagh , Northern Ireland , UK, allegedly as retaliation for a string of attacks on Catholic civilians in the area by Loyalists , particularly the killing of six Catholics the night before .[27]
1991 – Georgian forces enter Tskhinvali , the capital of South Ossetia, Georgia , opening the 1991–92 South Ossetia War .[28]
1991 – Somali Civil War : The United States Embassy to Somalia in Mogadishu is evacuated by helicopter airlift days after the outbreak of violence in Mogadishu.[29]
1993 – The oil tanker MV Braer runs aground on the coast of the Shetland Islands, spilling 84,700 tons of crude oil.[30]
2005 – The dwarf planet Eris is discovered by Palomar Observatory -based astronomers, later motivating the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to define the term planet for the first time. [31]
2014 – A launch of the communication satellite GSAT-14 aboard the GSLV MK.II D5 marks the first successful flight of an Indian cryogenic engine .[32]
Births
1209 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall , English prince, nominal King of Germany (d. 1272)[33]
1530 – Gaspar de Bono , monk of the Order of the Minims (d. 1571)[34]
1548 – Francisco Suárez , Spanish priest, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1617)[35]
1587 – Xu Xiake , Chinese geographer and explorer (d. 1641)[36]
1592 – Shah Jahan , Mughal emperor (d. 1666)[37]
1620 – Miklós Zrínyi , Croatian military commander (d. 1664)[38]
1640 – Paolo Lorenzani , Italian composer (d. 1713)[39]
1735 – Claude Martin , French-English general and explorer (d. 1800)[40]
1767 – Jean-Baptiste Say , French economist and academic (d. 1832)[41]
1779 – Stephen Decatur , American commander (d. 1820)[42]
1779 – Zebulon Pike , American general and explorer (d. 1813)[43]
1781 – Gaspar Flores de Abrego , three terms mayor of San Antonio, in Spanish Texas (d. 1836)[44]
1793 – Harvey Putnam , American lawyer and politician (d. 1855)[45]
1808 – Anton Füster , Austrian priest and activist (d. 1881)[46]
1834 – William John Wills , English surgeon and explorer (d. 1861)[47]
1838 – Camille Jordan , French mathematician and academic (d. 1922)[48]
1846 – Rudolf Christoph Eucken , German philosopher and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)[49]
1846 – Mariam Baouardy , Syrian Roman Catholic nun; later canonized (d. 1878)[50]
1855 – King Camp Gillette , American businessman, founded the Gillette Company (d. 1932)[51]
1864 – Bob Caruthers , American baseball player and manager (d. 1911)[52]
1867 – Dimitrios Gounaris , Greek lawyer and politician, 94th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1922)[53]
1871 – Frederick Converse , American composer and academic (d. 1940)[54]
1874 – Joseph Erlanger , American physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)[55]
1876 – Konrad Adenauer , German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of West Germany (d. 1967)[56] [57]
1879 – Hans Eppinger , Austrian physician and academic (d. 1946)[58]
1880 – Nikolai Medtner , Russian pianist and composer (d. 1951)[59]
1881 – Pablo Gargallo , Spanish sculptor and painter (d. 1934)[60]
1882 – Herbert Bayard Swope , American journalist (d. 1958)[61]
1885 – Humbert Wolfe , Italian-English poet and civil servant (d. 1940)[62]
1886 – Markus Reiner , Israeli physicist and engineer (d. 1976)[63]
1892 – Agnes von Kurowsky , American nurse (d. 1984)[64]
1893 – Paramahansa Yogananda , Indian-American guru and philosopher (d. 1952)
1897 – Kiyoshi Miki , Japanese philosopher and author (d. 1945)[65]
1900 – Yves Tanguy , French-American painter (d. 1955)[66]
1902 – Hubert Beuve-Méry , French journalist (d. 1989)[67]
1902 – Stella Gibbons , English journalist and author (d. 1989)[68]
1903 – Harold Gatty , Australian pilot and navigator (d. 1957)[69]
1904 – Jeane Dixon , American astrologer and psychic (d. 1997)[70]
1904 – Erika Morini , Austrian violinist (d. 1995)[71]
1906 – Kathleen Kenyon , English archaeologist and academic (d. 1978)[72]
1907 – Volmari Iso-Hollo , Finnish athlete (d. 1969)[73]
1908 – George Dolenz , Italian-American actor (d. 1963)[74]
1909 – Lucienne Bloch , Swiss-American sculptor, painter, and photographer (d. 1995)[75]
1909 – Stephen Cole Kleene , American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1994)[76]
1910 – Jack Lovelock , New Zealand runner and journalist (d. 1949)[77]
1911 – Jean-Pierre Aumont , French actor and screenwriter (d. 2001)[78]
1914 – Doug Deitz , Australian rugby league player (d. 1994)[79]
1914 – George Reeves , American actor and director (d. 1959)[80]
1915 – Arthur H. Robinson , Canadian geographer and cartographer (d. 2004)[81]
1917 – Francis L. Kellogg , American businessman and diplomat (d. 2006)[82]
1917 – Wieland Wagner , German director and producer (d. 1966)[83]
1917 – Jane Wyman , American actress (d. 2007)[84]
1919 – Hector Abhayavardhana , Sri Lankan theorist and politician (d. 2012)
1919 – Severino Gazzelloni , Italian flute player (d. 1992)[85]
1920 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli , Italian pianist and educator (d. 1995)[86]
1921 – Friedrich Dürrenmatt , Swiss author and playwright (d. 1990)[87]
1921 – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg , Luxembourgish soldier and aristocrat (d. 2019)[88]
1921 – John H. Reed , American politician and diplomat, 67th Governor of Maine (d. 2012)[89]
1922 – Anthony Synnot , Australian admiral (d. 2001)[90]
1923 – Sam Phillips , American radio host and producer, founded Sun Records (d. 2003)[91]
1926 – Veikko Karvonen , Finnish runner (d. 2007)[92]
1926 – W. D. Snodgrass , American poet (d. 2009)[93]
1926 – Hosea Williams , American businessman and activist (d. 2000)[94]
1927 – Sivaya Subramuniyaswami , American guru and author, founded Iraivan Temple (d. 2001)[95]
1928 – Imtiaz Ahmed , Pakistani cricketer (d. 2016)
1928 – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , Pakistani lawyer and politician, 4th President of Pakistan (d. 1979)[96]
1928 – Walter Mondale , American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 42nd Vice President of the United States [97]
1929 – Aulis Rytkönen , Finnish footballer and manager (d. 2014)[98]
1930 – Kevin Considine , Australian rugby league player[99]
1931 – Alvin Ailey , American dancer and choreographer, founded the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (d. 1989)[100]
1931 – Alfred Brendel , Austrian pianist, poet, and author[101]
1931 – Robert Duvall , American actor and director[102]
1932 – Umberto Eco , Italian novelist, literary critic, and philosopher (d. 2016)[103]
1932 – Chuck Noll , American football player and coach (d. 2014)[104]
1934 – Phil Ramone , South African-American songwriter and producer, co-founded A & R Recording (d. 2013)[105]
1934 – Murli Manohar Joshi , Indian politician[106]
1936 – Florence King , American journalist and memoirist (d. 2016)[107]
1936 – Terry Lineen , New Zealand rugby player (d. 2020)[108]
1938 – Juan Carlos I of Spain [109]
1938 – Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o , Kenyan author and playwright[110]
1939 – M. E. H. Maharoof , Sri Lankan politician (d. 1997)[111]
1940 – Athol Guy , Australian singer-songwriter and bassist[112]
1941 – Bob Cunis , New Zealand cricketer (d. 2008)[113]
1941 – Chuck McKinley , American tennis player (d. 1986)[114]
1941 – Hayao Miyazaki , Japanese animator, director, and screenwriter[115]
1941 – Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi , Indian cricketer and coach (d. 2011)[116]
1942 – Maurizio Pollini , Italian pianist and conductor[117]
1942 – Charlie Rose , American journalist and talk show host[118]
1943 – Mary Gaudron , Australian lawyer and judge[119]
1943 – Murtaz Khurtsilava , Georgian footballer and manager[120]
1944 – Carolyn McCarthy , American nurse and politician[121]
1944 – Ed Rendell , American politician, 45th Governor of Pennsylvania [122]
1946 – Diane Keaton , American actress, director, and businesswoman[123]
1947 – Mike DeWine , American lawyer and politician, 70th Governor of Ohio [124]
1950 – Ioan P. Culianu , Romanian historian, philosopher, and author (d. 1991)[125]
1950 – Peter Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith , English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales [126]
1950 – John Manley , Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Deputy Prime Minister of Canada [127]
1950 – Chris Stein , American guitarist, songwriter, and producer[128]
1952 – Uli Hoeneß , German footballer and manager[129]
1953 – Pamela Sue Martin , American actress[130]
1953 – Mike Rann , English-Australian journalist and politician, 44th Premier of South Australia [131]
1953 – George Tenet , American civil servant and academic, 18th Director of Central Intelligence [132]
1954 – Alex English , American basketball player and coach[133]
1954 – László Krasznahorkai , Hungarian author and screenwriter[134]
1955 – Mamata Banerjee , Indian lawyer and politician, Chief Minister of West Bengal [135]
1956 – Frank-Walter Steinmeier , German academic and politician, 14th Vice-Chancellor of Germany [136]
1957 – Kevin Hastings , Australian rugby league player[137]
1957 – George Moroko , Australian rugby league player[138]
1958 – Ron Kittle , American baseball player and manager[139]
1959 – Nancy Delahunt , Canadian curler[140]
1960 – Glenn Strömberg , Swedish footballer and sportscaster[141]
1961 – Iris DeMent , American singer-songwriter and guitarist[142]
1962 – Suzy Amis , American actress and model[143]
1962 – Danny Jackson , American baseball player and manager[144]
1963 – Jeff Fassero , American baseball player and coach[145]
1965 – Vinnie Jones , English/Welsh footballer and actor[146]
1965 – Stuart Raper , Australian rugby league player and coach[147]
1965 – Patrik Sjöberg , Swedish high jumper[148]
1968 – Carrie Ann Inaba , American actress, dancer, and choreographer[149]
1968 – Joé Juneau , Canadian ice hockey player and engineer[150]
1969 – Marilyn Manson , American singer-songwriter, actor, and director[151]
1969 – Shaun Micheel , American golfer[152]
1970 – Nigel Gaffey , Australian rugby league player[153]
1971 – Stian Carstensen , Norwegian multi-instrumentalist and composer[154]
1972 – Sakis Rouvas , Greek singer-songwriter, producer, and actor[155]
1973 – Uday Chopra , Bollywood actor and filmmaker[156]
1974 – Iwan Thomas , Welsh sprinter and coach[157]
1975 – Bradley Cooper , American actor and producer[158]
1975 – Warrick Dunn , American football player[159]
1975 – Mike Grier , American ice hockey player and scout[145]
1976 – Diego Tristán , Spanish footballer[160]
1977 – Gavin Lester , Australian rugby league player[161]
1978 – January Jones , American actress[162]
1979 – Kyle Calder , Canadian ice hockey player[163]
1979 – Giuseppe Gibilisco , Italian pole vaulter[164]
1980 – Luke Bailey , Australian rugby league player[165]
1980 – Brad Meyers , Australian rugby league player[166]
1981 – Deadmau5 (Joel Thomas Zimmerman), Canadian musician[167]
1982 – Janica Kostelić , Croatian skier[168]
1984 – Derrick Atkins , Bahamian sprinter[169]
1984 – Matt Ballin , Australian rugby league player[170]
1984 – Bronx Goodwin , Australian rugby league player[171]
1985 – Filinga Filiga , New Zealand rugby league player[172]
1985 – Diego Vera , Uruguayan footballer[173]
1986 – Deepika Padukone , Indian actress[174]
1987 – Dexter Bean , American race car driver[175]
1987 – Stuart Flanagan , Australian rugby league player[176]
1988 – Azizulhasni Awang , Malaysian track cyclist[177]
1988 – Luke Daniels , English footballer[178]
1989 – Krisztián Németh , Hungarian footballer[179]
1990 – Mark Nicholls , Australian rugby league player[180]
1991 – Denis Alibec , Romanian footballer[181]
1993 – Stefan Rzadzinski , Canadian race car driver[182]
1994 – Lachlan Fitzgibbon , Australian rugby league player[183]
1994 – Tyrone Phillips , Australian rugby league player[184]
1995 – Toafofoa Sipley , New Zealand rugby league player[185]
1996 – James Fisher-Harris , New Zealand rugby league player[186]
Deaths
842 – Al-Mu'tasim , Abbasid caliph (b. 796)[187]
941 – Zhang Yanhan , Chinese chancellor (b. 884)
1066 – Edward the Confessor , English king (b. 1004)[188]
1173 – Bolesław IV the Curly , High Duke of Poland (b. 1120)
1382 – Philippa Plantagenet , Countess of Ulster (b. 1355)[189]
1400 – John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury , English politician (b. 1350)[190]
1430 – Philippa of England , Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (b. 1394)[191]
1477 – Charles, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1433)[192]
1524 – Marko Marulić , Croatian poet (b. 1450)[193]
1527 – Felix Manz , Swiss martyr (b. 1498)[194]
1578 – Giulio Clovio , Dalmatian painter (b. 1498)[195]
1580 – Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg , German noblewoman (b. 1542)[196]
1589 – Catherine de' Medici , queen of Henry II of France (b. 1519)[197]
1713 – Jean Chardin , French explorer and author (b. 1643)[198]
1740 – Antonio Lotti , Italian composer and educator (b. 1667)[199]
1762 – Empress Elizabeth of Russia (b. 1709)[200]
1771 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford , English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1710)[201]
1796 – Samuel Huntington , American jurist and politician, 18th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1731)[202]
1823 – George Johnston , Scottish-Australian colonel and politician, Lieutenant Governor of New South Wales (b. 1764)[203]
1845 – Robert Smirke , English painter and illustrator (b. 1753)[204]
1846 – Alfred Thomas Agate , American painter and illustrator (b. 1812)[205]
1858 – Joseph Radetzky von Radetz , Austrian field marshal (b. 1766)[206]
1860 – John Neumann , Czech-American bishop and saint (b. 1811)[207]
1883 – Charles Tompson , Australian poet and public servant (b. 1806)[208]
1885 – Peter Christen Asbjørnsen , Norwegian author and scholar (b. 1812)[209]
1888 – Henri Herz , Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1803)[210]
1899 – Ezra Otis Kendall , American professor, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1818)[211]
1904 – Karl Alfred von Zittel , German paleontologist and geologist (b. 1839)[212]
1910 – Léon Walras , French-Swiss economist and academic (b. 1834)[213]
1917 – Isobel Lilian Gloag , English painter (b. 1865)[214]
1922 – Ernest Shackleton , Anglo-Irish sailor and explorer (b. 1874)[215]
1933 – Calvin Coolidge , American lawyer and politician, 30th President of the United States (b. 1872)[216]
1942 – Tina Modotti , Italian photographer, model, actress, and activist (b. 1896)[217]
1943 – George Washington Carver , American botanist, educator, and inventor (b. 1864)[218]
1951 – Soh Jaipil , South Korean-American journalist and activist (b. 1864)[219]
1951 – Andrei Platonov , Russian journalist and author (b. 1899)[220]
1952 – Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow , Scottish colonel and politician, 46th Governor-General of India (b. 1887)[221]
1952 – Hristo Tatarchev , Bulgarian-Italian physician and activist (b. 1869)[222]
1954 – Rabbit Maranville , American baseball player and manager (b. 1891)[223]
1956 – Mistinguett , French actress and singer (b. 1875)[224]
1963 – Rogers Hornsby , American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1896)[225]
1970 – Max Born , German physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)[226]
1970 – Roberto Gerhard , Catalan composer and scholar (b. 1896)[227]
1971 – Douglas Shearer , Canadian-American sound designer and engineer (b. 1899)[228]
1972 – Tevfik Rüştü Aras , Turkish physician and politician, 6th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1883)
1974 – Lev Oborin , Russian pianist and educator (b. 1907)[229]
1976 – John A. Costello , Irish lawyer and politician, 3rd Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1891)[230]
1978 – Wyatt Emory Cooper , American author and screenwriter (b. 1927)[231]
1979 – Billy Bletcher , American actor, singer, and screenwriter (b. 1894)[232]
1979 – Charles Mingus , American bassist, composer, bandleader (b. 1922)[233]
1981 – Harold Urey , American chemist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1893)[234]
1981 – Lanza del Vasto , Italian poet and philosopher (b. 1901)[235]
1982 – Hans Conried , American actor (b. 1917)[236]
1982 – Edmund Herring , Australian general and politician, 7th Chief Justice of Victoria (b. 1892)[237]
1985 – Robert L. Surtees , American cinematographer (b. 1906)[238]
1987 – Margaret Laurence , Canadian author and academic (b. 1926)[239]
1987 – Herman Smith-Johannsen , Norwegian-Canadian skier (b. 1875)[240]
1990 – Arthur Kennedy , American actor (b. 1914)[241]
1991 – Vasko Popa , Serbian poet and academic (b. 1922)[242]
1994 – Tip O'Neill , American lawyer and politician, 55th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1912)[243]
1997 – André Franquin , Belgian author and illustrator (b. 1924)[244]
1997 – Burton Lane , American composer and songwriter (b. 1912)[245]
1998 – Sonny Bono , American singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and politician (b. 1935)[246]
2000 – Kumar Ponnambalam , Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (b. 1938)[247]
2003 – Roy Jenkins , Welsh politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1920)[248]
2004 – Norman Heatley , English biologist and chemist, co-developed penicillin (b. 1911)[249]
2006 – Merlyn Rees , Welsh educator and politician, Home Secretary (b. 1920)[250]
2007 – Momofuku Ando , Taiwanese-Japanese businessman, founded Nissin Foods (b. 1910)[251]
2009 – Griffin Bell , American lawyer and politician, 72nd United States Attorney General (b. 1918)[252]
2010 – Willie Mitchell , American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer (b. 1928)[253]
2010 – Kenneth Noland , American painter (b. 1924)[254]
2012 – Isaac Díaz Pardo , Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1920)[255]
2012 – Frederica Sagor Maas , American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1900)[256]
2013 – Qazi Hussain Ahmad , Pakistani scholar and politician (b. 1938)[257]
2014 – Eusébio , Mozambican-Portuguese footballer and manager (b. 1942)[258]
2014 – Carmen Zapata , American actress (b. 1927)[259]
2015 – Jean-Pierre Beltoise , French racing driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1937)[260]
2015 – Bernard Joseph McLaughlin , American bishop (b. 1912)[261]
2016 – Pierre Boulez , French pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1925)[262]
2017 – Jill Saward , English rape victim and activist (b. 1965)[263]
2018 – Asghar Khan , Pakistani three star general and politician (b. 1921)[264]
2018 – Thomas Bopp , American astronomer best known as the co-discoverer of comet Hale–Bopp (b. 1949)[265]
2018 – Karin von Aroldingen , German ballerina (b. 1941)[266]
2019 – Bernice Sandler , American women's rights activist (b. 1928)[267]
2019 – Dragoslav Šekularac , Serbian footballer and manager (b. 1937)[268]
2021 – Colin Bell , English footballer (b. 1946)[269]
2021 – John Georgiadis , English violinist and composer (b. 1939)[270]
Holidays and observances
References
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