What this is: Alphabetical List of Stems Together With Corresponding INNs (2011 edition) (from here)
Statistics (as of 2012/05/09):
- Total # of drugs: 6839
- Total # of red links: 3108
- Total # of redirects: 308
-ac — anti-inflammatory agents, ibufenac/acetic acid derivatives
edit(a) -clofenac: aceclofenac, alclofenac, diclofenac, fenclofenac
- -dolac: dexpemedolac, etodolac, pemedolac
- -zolac: bufezolac, isofezolac, lonazolac, mofezolac, pirazolac, trifezolac
- others: anirolac, bendazac, cinfenoac, clidanac, clofurac, clopirac, eltenac, felbinac, fenclorac, fentiazac, isoxepac, ketorolac, oxepinac, oxindanac, quinclorac (ISO name for a herbicide), sulindac, tianafac, tifurac, tiopinac, zomepirac
(b) bufexamac (anti-inflammatory, acetohydroxamic acid group instead of acetic acid group)
(c) amtolmetin guacil, clamidoxic acid, fenclozic acid, metiazinic acid, prodolic acid, tolmetin
-actide — synthetic polypeptides with a corticotropin-like action (synthetic corticotropins)
edit(a) alsactide, codactide, giractide, norleusactide, seractide, tetracosactide, tosactide, tricosactide, tridecactide
-adol (or -adol-) — analgesics (mostly opioid receptor agonists/partial agonists)
edit(a) acetylmethadol, alimadol, alphacetylmethadol, alphamethadol, axomadol, betacetylmethadol, betamethadol, indantadol, levacetylmethadol, noracymethadol, tapentadol
- apadoline, asimadoline, befiradol, bromadoline, ciprefadol, ciramadol, cloracetadol, dibusadol, dimenoxadol, diproxadol, enadoline, faxeladol, filenadol, flumexadol, fluradoline, gaboxadol, insalmadol, levonantradol, lorcinadol, moxadolen, moxifadol (deleted), myfadol, nafoxadol, nantradol, nerbacadol, oxapadol, picenadol, pinadoline, pipradimadol, pipramadol, pravadoline, vadoline, profadol, radolmidine, ruzadolane, spiradoline, tazadolene, tolpadol, tramadol, veradoline
(b) alfadolone, hexapradol (CNS stimulant), nadolol, quinestradol (estrogenic)
(c) dimepheptanol
-adom — analgesics, tifluadom derivatives
edit-afenone — antiarrhythmics, propafenone derivatives
edit(a) alprafenone, berlafenone, diprafenone, etafenone, propafenone
-afil — inhibitors of phosphodiesterase PDE5 with vasodilator action (PDE5 inhibitors)
edit(a) avanafil, beminafil, dasantafil, gisadenafil, lodenafil carbonate, mirodenafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, udenafil, vardenafil
-aj- — antiarrhythmics, ajmaline derivatives
edit(a) detajmium bitartrate, lorajmine, prajmalium bitartrate
-aldrate — antacids, aluminium salts
edit(a) carbaldrate, potassium glucaldrate, magaldrate, simaldrate, sodium glucaspaldrate
(c) alexitol sodium, almagate, almasilate, dosmalfate, glucalox, hydrotalcite, lactalfate, sucralox
-ampanel — antagonists of the ionotropic non-NMDA glutamate receptors (namely the AMPA and/or kainate receptors)
edit(a) becampanel, dasolampanel, fanapanel, irampanel, perampanel, selurampanel, talampanel, tezampanel, zonampanel
andr (or -andr-) — steroids, androgens
edit(a) i. andr: androstanolone, methandriol, nandrolone, norethandrolone, ovandrotone albumin, silandrone
- ii. -stan-: androstanolone, drostanolone, epitiostanol, mestanolone, stanozolol, epostane (contraceptive)
- iii. -ster-: calusterone, cloxotestosterone, fluoxymesterone, mesterolone, methyltestosterone, oxymesterone, penmesterol, prasterone, testosterone, testosterone ketolaurate, tiomesterone
(b) i. andr: oxandrolone, propetandrol
- ii. ster: aldosterone, bolasterone, dihydrotachysterol, dimethisterone, ethisterone, norethisterone, norvinisterone, stercuronium iodide (neuromuscular blocking agent)
(c) metandienone, oxymetholone, trestolone (antineoplastic androgen)
-anib — angiogenesis inhibitors
edit(a) beloranib, bevasiranib, brivanib alaninate, cediranib, crenolanib, motesanib, nintedanib, linifanib, pazopanib, pegaptanib, pegdinetanib, semaxanib, tivozanib, toceranib, vandetanib, vatalanib
-anide
edit-etanide — diuretics, piretanide derivatives
edit- (a) bumetanide, piretanide
- (c) besunide
-oxanide — antiparasitics, salicylanilides and analogues (salicylanilide derivatives)
edit- (a) bromoxanide, clioxanide, rafoxanide
- thioanalogues: brotianide
- related: diloxanide, nitazoxanide
- (b) closantel, flurantel, niclosamide, resorantel, salantel
- (c) oxyclozanide
–anides — others
edit- aurothioglycanide (antiarthritic, gout-remedy), ceforanide (antibiotic), oglufanide (immunomodulator), polihexanide (antibacterial), tiprostanide (antihypertonic)
-anserin — serotonin receptor antagonists (mostly 5-HT2)
edit(a) adatanserin, altanserin, blonanserin, butanserin, eplivanserin, fananserin, flibanserin, iferanserin, ketanserin, lidanserin, nelotanserin, pelanserin, pimavanserin, pruvanserin, seganserin, trelanserin, tropanserin, volinanserin
(b) serotonin receptor antagonists, psychoactive: cinanserin, glemanserin, mianserin, ritanserin
-antel — anthelminthics (undefined group)
edit(a) amidantel, carbantel, closantel, derquantel, epsiprantel, febantel, flurantel, monepantel, morantel, oxantel, pexantel, praziquantel, pyrantel, resorantel, salantel, zilantel, antelmycin
-antrone — antineoplastics, anthraquinone derivatives (also -(x)antrone with following definition: antineoplastics, mitoxantrone derivatives aza-anthracenedione class of antitumor agents)
edit(a) ametantrone, banoxantrone, butantrone, ledoxantrone, losoxantrone, mitoxantrone, nortopixantrone, piroxantrone, pixantrone, sepantronium bromide, teloxantrone, topixantrone
-(ar)abine — antineoplastic arabinofuranosyl derivatives
edit(a) clofarabine, cytarabine, fazarabine, fludarabine, nelarabine, vidarabine
- -citabine: ancitabine, apricitabine, capecitabine, decitabine, dexelvucitabine, elvucitabine, emtricitabine, enocitabine, fiacitabine, flurocitabine, galocitabine, gemcitabine, ibacitabine, mericitabine, sapacitabine, tezacitabine, torcitabine, troxacitabine, valopicitabine, valtorcitabine, zalcitabine
(c) ribavirin, taribavirin
-arit — antiarthritic (antirheumatic) substances, acting like clobuzarit and lobenzarit (mechanism different from anti-inflammatory type substances, e.g., -fenamates or -profens)
edit(a) actarit, bindarit, clobuzarit, lobenzarit, romazarit
(c) tarenflurbil
-arol — anticoagulants, dicoumarol derivatives
edit(a) acenocoumarol, clocoumarol, coumetarol, dicoumarol, tioclomarol, xylocoumarol
(b) cloridarol (coronary vasodilator), fluindarol (anticoagulant of indonedione-type)
(c) diarbarone, ethyl biscoumacetate, phenprocoumon, tecarfarin, warfarin
-arone — antiarrhythmics
edit- amiodarone (antiarrhythmic), benzarone, benzbromarone (uricosuric), benziodarone, brinazarone (calcium channel blocker), bucromarone (antiarrhythmic), budiodarone, celivarone, diarbarone, dronedarone (antianginal, antiarrhythmic), etabenzarone, fantofarone (calcium channel blocker), furidarone, inicarone, mecinarone, pyridarone, rilozarone
-arotene (or -arot-) — arotinoid derivatives
edit(a) adarotene, amsilarotene, betacarotene, bexarotene, etarotene, linarotene, mofarotene, palovarotene, sumarotene, tamibarotene, tazarotene, temarotene
arte- — antimalarial agents, artemisinin related compounds
edit(a) arteflene, artemether, artemisone, artemisinin, artemotil, artenimol, arterolane, artesunate
-ase — enzymes
edit(a) agalsidase alfa, agalsidase beta, alglucerase, alglucosidase alfa, brinase, bucelipase alfa, cocarboxylase, dornase alfa, eufauserase, galsulfase, glucarpidase, hyalosidase, hyaluronidase, idursulfase, kallidinogenase, ocrase, pegaspargase, penicillinase, promelase, rizolipase, serrapeptase, sfericase, streptodornase, streptokinase, tilactase, urokinase
(c) batroxobin, bromelains, chymopapain, chymotrypsin, defibrotide, fibrinolysin (human), orgotein, sutilains, ubidecarenone
Classification of enzymes
editI proteinase:
- (a) - with -ase suffix: origin use; action
- brinase - Aspergillus oryzae; fibrinolytic
- kallidinogenase - pancreas or urine of mammals; splitting kinin, kallidin from kininogen (vasodilator)
- ocrase - Aspergillus ochraceus; fibrinolytic (topically: cleaning wounds)
- pegaspargase - -; asparaginase
- promelase - Aspergillus melleus; proteinase (chronic bronchitis)
- serrapeptase - Serratia sp. E15; proteinase (chronic paranasal sinusitis etc.)
- sfericase - Bacillus sphaericus; proteinase (chronic paranasal sinusitis etc.)
- streptokinase - Streptococcus haemolyticus; changing plasminogen into plasmine (activator of fibrinolysis)
- urokinase - human origin; plasminogen activator
- urokinase alfa - recombinant material; plasminogen activator
- (c) - without -ase suffix:
- batroxobin - the venom of the serpent Bothopsatrox; thrombin-like enzyme
- bromelains - Ananas comosus Merr.; fibrin depolymerizing (antiinflammatory)
- chymopapain - papaya late; proteolytic (chemonucleosis)
- chymotrypsin - mammalian pancreas; proteolytic (anti-inflammatory, antioedema)
- defibrotide - mammalian pancreas; proteolytic (anti-inflammatory, antioedema)
- fibrinolysin (human) - human; fibrinolytic
- sutilains - Bacillus subtilis; proteolytic
II -lipase:
- bucelipase alfa - human origin; lipase
- rizolipase - Rhizopus arrhizus var. Delemar; lipase
III co-enzymes:
- cocarboxylase - chemically defined; co-enzyme in the metabolism of pyruvic acid
- ubidecarenone - chemically defined; naturally occurring co-enzyme, a component in the electron transfer system in mitochondria (congestive heart failure)
IV -dismase enzymes with superoxide dismutase activity (exception: orgotein):
- (c) isomerase:
- orgotein - mammalian tissue (liver, red blood cell etc.); superoxide dismutase activity (anti-inflammatory):
- pegorgotein
V -diplase plasminogen activator combined with another enzyme:
VI -teplase tissue-type plasminogen activators:
- (a) alteplase, desmoteplase, duteplase, lanoteplase, monteplase, nateplase, pamiteplase, reteplase, silteplase, tenecteplase
- (c) anistreplase
VII -uplase urokinase-type plasminogen activators:
VIII others:
- agalsidase alfa - human origin; treatment of deficiency of α-galactosidase activity (Fabry’s disease)
- agalsidase beta - hamster; treatment of deficiency of α-galactosidase activity (Fabry’s disease)
- alfimeprase - Agkistrodon contrix contrix; antithrombotic
- alglucerase - human origin (placenta isoenzyme); glucocerebrosidase
- alglucosidase alfa - recombinant; treatment of Pompe’s disease
- asfotase alfa - recombinant; phosphatase
- calaspargase pegol - Escherichia coli; asparaginase
- condoliase - Proteus vulgaris; endolyase
- dornase alfa - human origin; treatment of cystic fibrosis
- epafipase - human origin; antiallergic, antiasthmatic
- eufauserase - Euphausia superba; digests proteins and selected cell surface adhesion molecules (wound healing; vaginal/oral candidosis)
- galsulfase - recombinant; Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome
- glucarpidase - Pseudomonadadaceae gen. sp.; adjunctive treatment of patients at risk of methotrexate toxicity
- hyalosidase - -; hyaluronoglucosaminidase (treatment of myocardial infarction)
- hyaluronidase - various origins; depolymerizing hyaluronic acid (cellular diffusion factor)
- idursulfase - -; treatment of Hunter Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II), degrades glycosaminoglycans heparan and dermatan sulfate
- imiglucerase - human origin (placenta isoenzyme); -
- laronidase - human origin; -
- pegademase - Origin should be indicated; -
- pegadricase - Candida utilis; urate oxidase
- pegloticase - Sus scrofa; uricase
- penicillinase - Bacillus cereus; inactivating penicillin
- ranpirnase - Rana pipiens; ribonuclease (antineoplastic)
- rasburicase - Aspergillus flavus; urate oxidase (hyperuricaemia)
- streptodornase - Streptococcus haemolyticus; hydrolysing desoxyribonucleoprotein
- taliglucerase alfa - recombinant; β-glucocerebrosidase
- tilactase - -; β-D-glactosidase
- velaglucerase alfa - -; β-glucocerebrosidase
-ast — antiasthmatics or antiallergics, not acting primarily as antihistaminics (leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors)
edit- (a) acitazanolast, acreozast, andolast, asobamast, ataquimast, bamaquimast, batebulast, bunaprolast, carotegrast, dametralast, dazoquinast, doqualast, eflumast, enofelast, enoxamast, fenprinast, filaminast, firategrast, ibudilast, idenast, loxanast, melquinast, oxalinast, pemirolast, picumast, pirodomast, quinotolast, raxofelast, repirinast, revenast, scopinast, suplatast tosilate, tazanolast, tiacrilast, tibenelast, tioxamast, tiprinast, tranilast, valategrast, zaprinast, zaurategrast
-lukast — leukotriene receptor antagonist
edit- (a) ablukast, cinalukast, iralukast, masilukast, montelukast, pobilukast, pranlukast, ritolukast, sulukast, tipelukast, tomelukast, verlukast, zafirlukast
-milast — phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) inhibitors
edit- (a) apremilast, catramilast, cilomilast, lirimilast, oglemilast, piclamilast, revamilast, roflumilast, ronomilast, tetomilast, tofimilast
-trodast — thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists, antiasthmatics
edit- (a) imitrodast, seratrodast
-zolast — leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors (benzoxazole derivatives)
edit- (c) bufrolin, oxarbazole, pirolate
-astine — antihistaminics (histamine-H1 receptor antagonists), not otherwise classifiable
edit(a) acrivastine, alinastine, azelastine, bamirastine, barmastine, bepiastine, bepotastine, bilastine, cabastinen, carebastine, clemastine, dorastine, ebastine, emedastine, epinastine, flezelastine, levocabastine, linetastine, mapinastine, mizolastine, moxastine, noberastine, octastine, perastine, piclopastine, rocastine, setastine, talastine, temelastine, zepastine
(b) cloperastine (antitussive), vinblastine (vinca alkaloid)
(c) astemizole, carbinoxamine
-azenil (-nil) — benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists (benzodiazepine derivatives)
edit- (b) nabazenil
-carnil — benzodiazepine receptor antagonists/agonists (carboline derivatives)
edit- (a) abecarnil, gedocarnil
-quinil — benzodiazepine receptor agonists, also partial or inverse (quinoline derivatives)
edit- (a) lirequinil, radequinil (replaces resequin), terbequinil
-azepam — diazepam derivatives (antianxiety agents)
edit(a) bromazepam, camazepam, carburazepam, cinolazepam, clonazepam, cyprazepam, delorazepam, diazepam, doxefazepam, elfazepam, fletazepam, fludiazepam, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, flutemazepam, flutoprazepam, fosazepam, halazepam, iclazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, meclonazepam, medazepam, menitrazepam, metaclazepam, motrazepam, nimetazepam, nitrazepam, nordazepam, nortetrazepam, oxazepam, pinazepam, pivoxazepam, prazepam, proflazepam, quazepam, reclazepam, sulazepam, temazepam, tetrazepam, tolufazepam, tuclazepam, uldazepam
- not true benzodiazepines: bentazepam, clotiazepam, lopirazepam, premazepam, ripazepam, zolazepam
- related: adinazolam, alprazolam, arfendazam, clazolam, climazolam, clobazam, clobenzepam, cloxazolam, ecopipam, estazolam, flutazolam, haloxazolam, ketazolam, levotofisopam, lofendazam, loprazolam, mexazolam, midazolam, nefopam, oxazolam, razobazam, remimazolam, tofisopam, trepipam, triazolam, triflubazam, zapizolam, zomebazam
(c) brotizolam, chlordiazepoxide, ciclotizolam, demoxepam, dipotassium clorazepate, ethyl carfluzepate, ethyl dirazepate, ethyl loflazepate, etizolam, potassium nitrazepate
-azepide — cholecystokinin receptor antagonists, benzodiazepine derivatives
edit(a) devazepide, pranazepide, sograzepide, tarazepide
(c) lorglumide
-azocine — narcotic antagonists/agonists related to 6,7-benzomorphan (6,7-benzomorphan derivatives)
edit(a) anazocine, bremazocine, butinazocine, carbazocine, cogazocine, cyclazocine, eptazocine, gemazocine, ibazocine, ketazocine, metazocine, moxazocine, pentazocine, phenazocine, quadazocine, tonazocine, volazocine
- related compounds: dezocine
(b) streptozocin
-azoline — local vasoconstrictors, imidazoline derivatives *
edit(a) cilutazoline, cirazoline, clonazoline, coumazoline, domazoline, fenoxazoline, indanazoline, metrafazoline, naphazoline, nemazoline, oxymetazoline, phenamazoline, prednazoline, talazoline, tefazoline, tinazoline, tramazoline, xylometazoline
(b) antazoline (antihistaminic), cefazolin (antibiotic)
(c) tetryzoline, metizoline
-azosin — antihypertensive substances, prazosin derivatives
edit(a) bunazosin, doxazosin, neldazosin, prazosin, quinazosin, terazosin, tiodazosin, trimazosin
- related: alfuzosin, tamsulosin, tipentosin
-bactam — β-lactamase inhibitors
edit(a) brobactam, sulbactam, tazobactam
(c) clavulanic acid
-bamate — tranquillizers, propanediol and pentanediol derivatives
edit(a) carisbamate, cyclarbamate, felbamate, meprobamate, nisobamate, pentabamate, tybamate
(b) difebarbamate, febarbamate, lorbamate, phenprobamate
(c) mebutamate, metaglycodol (not a carbamate)
barb (barb- or -barb-) — hypnotics, barbituric acid derivatives (barbiturates)
edit(a) allobarbital, amobarbital, aprobarbital, barbexaclone, barbital, barbital sodium, benzobarbital, brallobarbital, carbubarb, cyclobarbital, difebarbamate, eterobarb, febarbamate, heptabarb, hexobarbital, methylphenobarbital, nealbarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, phenobarbital sodium, probarbital sodium, proxibarbal, secbutabarbital, secobarbital, tetrabarbital, thialbarbital, thiotetrabarbital, vinbarbital
(c) butalbital, buthalital sodium, metharbital, methitural, methohexital, phetharbital, talbutal, thiopental sodium, vinylbital
(c) prazitone (barbituric acid derivative used as antidepressant), bucolome (barbituric acid derivative used as anti-inflammatory uricosuric)
-begron — β3-adrenoreceptor agonists
edit(a) amibegron, fasobegron, mantabegron, mirabegron, rafabegron, ritobegron, solabegron, talibegron
-bendazole — anthelminthics, tiabendazole derivatives
edit(a) albendazole, albendazole oxide, bisbendazole, cambendazole, ciclobendazole, dribendazole, etibendazole, fenbendazole, flubendazole, lobendazole, luxabendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, parbendazole, subendazole, tiabendazole, triclabendazole
(b) bendazol (vasodilator, also benzimidazole derivative)
- nocodazole, procodazole (also benzimidazole derivative)
(c) oxfendazole, tioxidazole
- related: furodazole
-bersat — anticonvulsants, antimigraine, benzoylamino-benzpyran derivatives
edit(a) carabersat, tidembersat, tonabersat
bol-, -bol- — anabolic steroids
edit(a) bolandiol, bolasterone, bolazine, boldenone, bolenol, bolmantalate, clostebol, enestebol, furazabol, mebolazine, mibolerone, norboletone, norclostebol
- -bolone: formebolone, mesabolone, metribolone, oxabolone cipionate, quinbolone, roxibolone, stenbolone, tibolone, trenbolone
(c) ethylestrenol, hydroxystenozole, metandienone, metenolone, oxandrolone, propetandrol, tiomesterone
-bradine — sinus node inhibitors
edit(a) cilobradine, ivabradine, zatebradine
-bufen — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, arylbutanoic acid/fenbufen derivatives
edit(a) butibufen, fenbufen, furobufen, indobufen, metbufen
-bulin — antineoplastics, mitotic inhibitors, tubulin binders
edit(a) batabulin, cevipabulin, crolibulin, denibulin, eribulin, fosbretabulin, indibulin, lexibulin, mivobulin, ombrabulin, plinabulin, rosabulin, taltobulin, verubulin
(b) thyroglobulin
-buzone — anti-inflammatory analgesics, phenylbutazone derivatives
edit(a) feclobuzone, kebuzone, pipebuzone, suxibuzone, tribuzone
- -butazone: mofebutazone, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone
- -azone: aminophenazone, bisfenazone, famprofazone, morazone, nifenazone, nimazone, niprofazone, phenazone, propyphenazone, sulfinpyrazone
- -zone: clofezone, proxifezone
- related: azapropazone, benhepazone, bumadizone, cinnopentazone, isamfazone, metamfazone, osmadizone, ruvazone
(c) benzpiperylone, butopyrammonium iodide, dibupyrone, metamizole sodium, metazamide, piperylone
-caine — local anaesthetics
edit(a) ambucaine, amoxecaine, aptocaine, articaine (previously carticaine), benzocaine, betoxycaine, bucricaine, bumecaine, bupivacaine, butacaine, butanilicaine, chloroprocaine, cinchocaine, clibucaine, clodacaine, clormecaine, cyclomethycaine, dexivacaine, diamocaine, edronocaine, elucaine, etidocaine, fexicaine, fomocaine, hexylcaine, hydroxyprocaine, hydroxytetracaine, ipravacaine, ketocaine, leucinocaine, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, lotucaine, mepivacaine, meprylcaine, myrtecaine, octacaine, oxetacaine, oxybuprocaine, parethoxycaine, paridocaine, phenacaine, pinolcaine, piperocaine, piridocaine, pramocaine, pribecaine, prilocaine, procaine, propanocaine, propipocaine, propoxycaine, proxymetacaine, pyrrocaine, quatacaine, quinisocaine, risocaine, rodocaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine, tolycaine, trapencaine, trimecaine, vadocaine
(c) amolanone, benzyl alcohol, cryofluorane, diperodon, dyclonine, midamaline
-cain- — class I antiarrhythmics, procainamide and lidocaine derivatives/antifibrillants with local anaesthetic activity
edit(a) acecainide, asocainol, barucainide, bucainide, carcainium chloride, carocainide, droxicainide, encainide, epicainide, erocainide, flecainide, guafecainol, indecainide (originally ricainide), itrocainide, ketocainol, lorcainide, milacainide, modecainide, murocainide, nicainoprol, nofecainide, pilsicainide, pincainide, procainamide, quinacainol, recainam, solpecainol, stirocainide, suricainide, tocainide, transcainide, verocainine (replaced by tiapamil), zocainone
calci (calci- or -calci-) — vitamin D analogues/derivatives
edit(a) alfacalcidol, atocalcitol, becocalcidiol, calcifediol, calcipotriol, calcitriol, colecalciferol, doxercalciferol, ecalcidene, eldecalcitol, elocalcitol, ergocalciferol, falecalcitriol, inecalcitol, lexacalcitol, lunacalcipol, maxacalcitol, paricalcitol, secalciferol, seocalcitol, tacalcitol
(b) calcitonin (polypeptide)
-capone — catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors
edit-carbef — antibiotics, carbacephem derivatives
edit(a) loracarbef
cef- — antibiotics, cefalosporanic acid derivatives (cephalosporins)
edit(a) cefacetrile, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cefalexin, cefaloglycin, cefalonium, cefaloram, cefaloridine, cefalotin, cefamandole, cefaparole, cefapirin, cefatrizine, cefazaflur, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefbuperazone, cefcanel, cefcanel daloxate, cefcapene, cefclidin, cefdaloxime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefedrolor, cefempidone, cefepime, cefetamet, cefetecol, cefetrizole, cefivitril, cefixime, cefluprenam, cefmatilen, cefmenoxime, cefmepidium chloride, cefmetazole, cefminox, cefodizime, cefonicid, cefoperazone, ceforanide, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefotiam, cefovecin, cefoxazole, cefoxitin, cefozopran, cefpimizole, cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefquinome, cefradine, cefrotil, cefroxadine, cefsulodin, cefsumide, ceftaroline fosamil, ceftazidime, cefteram, ceftezole, ceftibuten, ceftiofur, ceftiolene, ceftioxide, ceftizoxime, ceftizoxime alapivoxil, ceftobiprole, ceftobiprole medocaril, ceftolozane, ceftriaxone, cefuracetime, cefuroxime, cefuzonam
-oxef — antibiotics, oxacefalosporanic acid derivatives
editcell- — cellulose derivatives
editcel- (cel- in Spanish)
edit- (a) celucloral
- (c) celiprolol
cell-ate (cel-ato in Spanish) — cellulose ester derivatives for substances containing acidic residues
edit- (a) cellaburate, cellacefate
-cellose (-celosa in Spanish) — cellulose ether derivatives
edit- (a) - (c) carmellose, croscarmellose, ethylcellulose, hyetellose, hymetellose, hyprolose, hypromellose, methylcellulose
-cept — receptor molecules, native or modified (a preceding infix should designate the target)
edit(a) -ba- B-cell activating factor receptors: briobacept
- -ber- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors: aflibercept, conbercept
- -co- complement receptors: mirococept
- -far- subgroup of interferon receptors: bifarcept
- -lefa- lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 receptors: alefacept
- -na- interleukin-1 receptors: rilonacept
- -ner- Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptors: baminercept, etanercept, lenercept, onercept, pegsunercept
- -ta- cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) receptors: abatacept, belatacept
- -ter- transforming growth factor receptors: dalantercept, sotatercept
- -vir- antiviral receptors: alvircept sudotox
- other: atacicept
-cic — hepatoprotective substances with a carboxylic acid group (timonacic group))
edit(a) limazocic, tidiacic, timonacic, tiofacic (replaced by stepronin))
(b) bisorcic (psychostimulant)
(c) stepronin
-cidin — naturally occurring antibiotics (undefined group)
edit(a) candicidin, gramicidin, gramicidin S, methocidin
(b) guancidine (hypotensive)
-ciguat — guanylate cyclase activators
edit(a) ataciguat, cinaciguat, etriciguat, lificiguat, nelociguat, riociguat
-cillin — antibiotics, 6-aminopenicillanic acid derivatives (penicillins)
edit- (a) adicillin, almecillin, amantocillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, apalcillin, aspoxicillin, azidocillin, azlocillin, bacampicillin, benethamine penicillin, benzathine benzylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin, carfecillin, carindacillin, ciclacillin, clemizole penicillin, clometocillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, epicillin, fenbenicillin, fibracillin, flucloxacillin, fomidacillin, fumoxicillin, furbucillin, fuzlocillin, hetacillin, isopropicillin, lenampicillin, levopropicillin, metampicillin, meticillin, mezlocillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, oxetacillin, penamecillin, pheneticillin, phenoxymethyl penicillin, phenyracillin, piperacillin, pirbenicillin, piridicillin, piroxicillin, pivampicillin, prazocillin, propicillin, quinacillin, rotamicillin, sarmoxicillin, sarpicillin, sulbenicillin, sultamicillin, suncillin, talampicillin, tameticillin, temocillin, ticarcillin, tifencillin, tobicillin
- (b) xantocillin
-cillide
edit-cillinam
edit-citabine — nucleoside antiviral or antineoplastic agents, cytarabine or azacytidine (azarabine) derivatives
edit(a) ancitabine, apricitabine, capecitabine, decitabine, dexelvucitabine, elvucitabine, emtricitabine, enocitabine, fiacitabine, flurocitabine, galocitabine, gemcitabine, ibacitabine, mericitabine, sapacitabine, tezacitabine, torcitabine, troxacitabine, valopicitabine, valtorcitabine, zalcitabine
(c) cytarabine, azacitidine
-clidine/-clidinium — muscarinic receptors agonists/antagonists (various indications)
edit- aceclidine, benzoclidine, eticyclidine, gacyclidine, phencyclidine, procyclidine, rolicyclidine, talsaclidine, tenocyclidine, vedaclidine
-clone — hypnotic tranquillizers (zopiclone type)
edit(a) barbexaclone, eszopiclone, pagoclone, pazinaclone, suproclone, suriclone, suproclone, zopiclone
(b) gestaclone, pimeclone
-cog — blood coagulation factors
edit- (-)eptacog blood coagulation VII: eptacog alfa (activated), eptacog alfa pegol (activated), vatreptacog alfa (activated)
- (-)octocog blood factor VIII: beroctocog alfa, moroctocog alfa, octocog alfa, simoctocog alfa, turoctocog alfa
- (-)nonacog blood factor IX: nonacog alfa, nonacog beta pegol
- (-)tridecacog blood factor XIII: catridecacog
- other: vonicog alfa
-cogin — blood coagulation cascade inhibitors
edit- drotrecogin alfa (activated), pegnivacogin, taneptacogin alfa, tifacogin
-conazole — systemic antifungal agents, miconazole derivatives
edit(a) albaconazole, aliconazole, alteconazole, arasertaconazole, azaconazole, becliconazole, brolaconazole, butoconazole, cisconazole, croconazole, cyproconazole, democonazole, diniconazole, doconazole, eberconazole, econazole, efinaconazole, embeconazole, enilconazole, etaconazole, fenticonazole, fluconazole, fosfluconazole, furconazole, hexaconazole, isavuconazole, isoconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, luliconazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole, orconazole, oxiconazole, parconazole, penconazole, posaconazole, propiconazole, pramiconazole, ravuconazole, saperconazole, sertaconazole, sulconazole, tebuconazole, terconazole (originally triaconazole), tioconazole, uniconazole, valconazole, voriconazole, zinoconazole, zoficonazole
(c) bifonazole, isavuconazonium chloride
cort (-cort-) — corticosteroids (cortisone derivatives), except prednisolone derivatives
edit(a) amebucort, anecortave, butixocort, cicortonide, corticotropin, corticotropin-zinc hydroxide, cortisone, cortisuzol, cortivazol, cortodoxone, deflazacort (previously azacort), desoxycortone, fluazacort, fludrocortisone, fludroxycortide, fluocortin, formocortal, hydrocortamate, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone aceponate, locicortolonedicibate, naflocort, nicocortonide, nivacortol, resocortol, tixocortol
(b) prednisolone derivatives: clocortolone, difluocortolone, fluocortolone, halocortolone
(c) aldosterone, algestone (also progesterone when used as algestone acetophenide), medrysone
-coxib — selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors)
edit(a) apricoxib, celecoxib, cimicoxib, deracoxib, etoricoxib, firocoxib, lumiracoxib, mavacoxib, parecoxib, robenacoxib, rofecoxib, tilmacoxib, valdecoxib
-crinat — diuretics, etacrynic acid derivatives
edit(a) brocrinat, sulicrinat
(c) etacrynic acid, furacrinic acid, indacrinone, tienilic acid
-crine — acridine derivatives
edit(a) antineoplastics: amsacrine, nitracrine
- anthelminthics, antimalarials: floxacrine, mepacrine
- antidepressants: dimetacrine, monometacrine
- antiparkinsonian: botiacrine
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: ipidacrine, suronacrine, tacrine, velnacrine
(c) acridorex, acriflavinium chloride, acrisorcin, aminoacridine, ethacridine, proflavine
-cromil — antiallergics, cromoglicic acid derivatives
edit(a) ambicromil (replacement of probicromil), isocromil, minocromil, nedocromil, proxicromil, terbucromil, texacromil
(c) cromitrile, cromoglicate lisetil, cromoglicic acid
-cycline — antibiotics, tetracycline derivatives
edit(a) amicycline, apicycline, cetocycline, chlortetracycline, clomocycline, colimecycline, demeclocycline, demecycline, doxycycline, etamocycline, guamecycline, lymecycline, meclocycline, meglucycline, metacycline, minocycline, nitrocycline, omadacycline, oxytetracycline, pecocycline, penimepicycline, penimocycline, pipacycline, rolitetracycline, sancycline, tetracycline, tigecycline
- related: carubicin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, doxorubicin, zorubicin
-dan — cardiac stimulants (positive inotropic agents), pimobendan derivatives
edit(a) adibendan, bemorodan, imazodan, indolidan, levosimendan, meribendan, pimobendan, prinoxodan, senazodan, siguazodan, simendan
-dapsone — antimycobacterials, diaminodiphenylsulfone derivatives
edit(a) acedapsone, amidapsone, dapsone
-denoson — adenosine A receptor agonists
edit-dil, dil-, -dil- — vasodilators (undefined group)
edit1
edit- (a) alprostadil, aviptadil, belfosdil, benfurodil hemisuccinate, biclodil, buflomedil, burodiline, carprazidil, cetiedil, cinepaxadil, dopropidil, eliprodil, fasudil, fenoxedil, flosatidil, fostedil, fronepidil, ifenprodil, levosemotiadil, manozodil, mefenidil, minoxidil, naftopidil, naminidil, nesapidil, perfomedil, pinacidil, piribedil, pitenodil, podilfen, radiprodil, stevaladil, suloctidil, tipropidil, traxoprodil, urapidil, viquidil
- (c) dilmefone
2
edit- (a) coronary vasodilators: bepridil, bumepidil, ecipramidil, fendiline, fenetradil, floredil, hexadiline, ipramidil, mepramidil, metrifudil, nicorandil, pirozadil, pretiadil, razinodil, semotiadil, sinitrodil, terodiline, tixadil, trapidil
-dilol
edit- carvedilol, dioxadilol, dramedilol, flavodilol, mindodilol, nipradilol (previously nipradolol), oberadilol, parodilol, prizidilol, tribendilol
- (b) diloxanide (amebicide), methdilazine (antihistaminic), phenobutiodil (contrast medium), prodilidine (analgesic)
-fradil calcium channel blockers acting as vasodilators
edit- (a) mibefradil
-pendyl
edit-dyl
edit- bisacodyl (laxative), bunamiodyl, iofendylate, trihexyphenidyl (antiparksonian)
-dipine — calcium channel blockers, 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives
edit(a) amlodipine, clevidipine, darodipine (replaces dazodipine), dexniguldipine, elgodipine, elnadipine, felodipine, flordipine, isradipine, lacidipine, lemildipine, levamlodipine, levniguldipine, mesudipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, niguldipine, niludipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, olradipine, oxodipine, riodipine, sagandipine, teludipine (previously taludipine)
-nidipine
edit- aranidipine, azelnidipine, barnidipine, benidipine, cilnidipine, cronidipine, efonidipine, furnidipine, iganidipine, lercanidipine (previously masnidipine), manidipine, palonidipine, pranidipine, sornidipine, vatanidipine
(b) budipine (central stimulant, antidepressant and antiparkinsonian), prodipine (central stimulant antiparkinsonian)
-dopa — dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine derivatives, used as antiparkinsonians/prolactin inhibitors
edit- (a) carbidopa, ciladopa, dopamantine, droxidopa, etilevodopa, fluorodopa (18F), levodopa, melevodopa, methyldopa
-opamine (or -pamine) — dopaminergic agents dopamine derivatives used as cardiac stimulants/antihypertensives/diuretics (butopamine type)
edit- (a) butopamine, cliropamine, denopamine, dopamine, fosopamine, ibopamine, octopamine, oxidopamine (glaucoma), ractopamine (1 of 4 isomers of butopamine)
- (b) tiopropamine (gastric and duodenal ulcers), tolpropamine (antihistaminic)
- (c) dobutamine, docarpamine, dopexamine, fenoldopam, levdobutamine, methyldopa (α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, cardiotonic), zelandopam
-dralazine — antihypertensives, hydrazine-phthalazine derivatives
edit(a) budralazine, cadralazine, dihydralazine, endralazine, hydralazine, mopidralazine, oxdralazine, picodralazine, pildralazine, todralazine
-drine — sympathomimetics
edit(a) alifedrine, bedoradrine, butidrine, cafedrine, cinnamedrine, corbadrine, dioxethedrin, dioxifedrine, etafedrine, meluadrine, methoxyphedrine, midodrine, norbudrine, oxyfedrine, pholedrine, pseudoephedrine, racephedrine, ritodrine, theophylline ephedrine, tinofedrine, trecadrine
- not phenethylamine derivatives: levopropylhexedrine, octodrine, propylhexedrine
(b) bufenadrine (antiemetic related chemically), chlormerodrin (diuretic), chlormerodrin (197Hg), dieldrin (insecticide), orphenadrine (spasmolytic)
-frine — sympathomimetic, phenethyl derivatives
edit- (a) amidefrine mesilate, berefrine, ciclafrine, dimetofrine, dipivefrine, epinephrine, etilefrine, etilefrine pivalate, gepefrine, norepinephrine, norfenefrine, oxilofrine, phenylephrine, pivenfrine, racepinefrine
-dronic acid, -dronate — calcium metabolism regulators, pharmaceutical aids
edit(a) alendronic acid, butedronic acid, clodronic acid, etidronic acid, ibandronic acid, incadronic acid, lidadronic acid, medronic acid, minodronic acid, neridronic acid, olpadronic acid, oxidronic acid, pamidronic acid, piridronic acid, risedronic acid, tiludronic acid, zoledronic acid
-ectin — antiparasitics, ivermectin derivatives
edit(a) abamectin, dimadectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, fuladectin, ivermectin, latidectin, moxidectin, nemadectin, selamectin
-emcinal — erythromycin derivatives lacking antibiotic activity, motilin agonists
edit(a) alemcinal, idremcinal, mitemcinal
-entan — endothelin receptor antagonists
edit(a) ambrisentan, atrasentan, avosentan, bosentan, clazosentan, darusentan, edonentan, enrasentan, fandosentan, feloprentan, macitentan, nebentan, sitaxentan, tezosentan, zibotentan
-erg- — ergot alkaloid derivatives
edit(a) acetergamine, amesergide, brazergoline, bromerguride, cabergoline, cianergoline, delergotrile, dihydroergotamine, disulergine, dosergoside, ergometrine, ergotamine, etisulergine, lergotrile, lysergide, mergocriptine, mesulergine, metergoline, metergotamine, methylergometrine, methysergide, nicergoline, pergolide, propisergide, proterguride, romergoline, sergolexole, terguride, tiomergine, voxergolide
(b) ergocalciferol
-eridine — analgesics, pethidine (meperidine) derivatives
edit(a) anileridine, carperidine, etoxeridine, morpheridine, oxpheneridine, pheneridine, phenoperidine, properidine, sameridine, trimeperidine
(b) diaveridine (coccidiostat.), eseridine, nexeridine (somewhat related)
(c) benzethidine, butoxylate, diphenoxylate, fetoxilate, furethidine, hydroxypethidine, pethidine, piminodine
-ermin — growth factors
edit-bermin — vascular endothelial growth factors
edit- (a) telbermin
-dermin — epidermal growth factors
edit- (a) murodermin, nepidermin
-fermin — fibroblast growth factors
edit-filermin — leukemia-inhibiting factor
edit- (a) emfilermin
-nermin — tumour necrosis factor
edit-plermin — platelet-derived growth factor
edit- (a) becaplermin
-sermin — insulin-like growth factors
edit-termin — transforming growth factor
edit-otermin — bone morphogenic proteins
editothers
editestr-, -estr- — estrogens
edit(a) almestrone, benzestrol, broparestrol, cloxestradiol, dienestrol, diethylstilbestrol, epiestriol, epimestrol, eptamestrol/etamestrol (deleted), estradiol, estradiol benzoate, estradiol undecylate, estradiol valerate, estramustine, estrapronicate, estrazinol, estriol succinate, estrofurate, estrone, ethinylestradiol, fenestrel, fosfestrol, furostilbestrol, hexestrol, mestranol, methallenestril, methestrol, moxestrol, nilestriol, orestrate, polyestradiol phosphate, promestriene, quinestradol, quinestrol
(b) alfatradiol (topical), allylestrenol (progestogen), ethylestrenol (anabolic steroid), fulvestrant (estrogens receptor antagonist), lynestrenol (progestogen)
- -gestr-: edogestrone, levonorgestrel, megestrol, melengestrol, norgestrel, norgestrienone, pentagestrone, quingestrone
(c) chlorotrianisene, clomifene, enclomifene, zuclomifene (antiestrogens)
-exine — mucolytic, bromhexine derivatives
edit(a) adamexine, bromhexine, brovanexine, cistinexine, dembrexine, neltenexine, oxabrexine
(b) enefexine (antidepressant), gamfexine (antidepressant)
(c) ambroxol, dembrexol (replaced by dembrexine)
-fenamic acid, -fenamate — anti-inflammatory, anthranilic acid derivatives
edit(a) clofenamic acid, enfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid
(b) clantifen, oxyfenamate
- phonetically close: clofenamide, diclofenamide
(c) flutiazin
-fenin — diagnostic aids, (phenylcarbamoyl)methyl iminodiacetic acid derivatives
edit(a) arclofenin, butilfenin, disofenin, etifenin, galtifenin, lidofenin, mebrofenin
-fenine (-phenine) — analgesics, glafenine derivatives (subgroup of fenamic acid group)
edit(a) antrafenine, floctafenine, florifenine, glafenine, nicafenine
(b) spasmolytic diphenylacetates: adiphenine, drofenine
-fentanil — opioid receptor agonists, fentanyl derivatives
edit(a) alfentanil, brifentanil, carfentanil, fentanyl, lofentanil, mirfentanil, ocfentanil, remifentanil, sufentanil, trefentanil
-fentrine — inhibitors of phosphodiesterases
edit(a) benafentrine, pumafentrine, tolafentrine
-fiban — fibrinogen receptor antagonists (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists)
edit- carafiban, elarofiban, fradafiban, gantofiban, lamifiban, lefradafiban, lotrafiban, orbofiban, roxifiban, sibrafiban, tirofiban, xemilofiban
-fibrate — antihyperlipidaemics (clofibrate derivatives)
edit(a) bezafibrate, biclofibrate, binifibrate, choline fenofibrate, ciprofibrate, clinofibrate, dulofibrate, etofibrate, fenirofibrate, fenofibrate, lifibrate, nicofibrate, picafibrate, ponfibrate, ronifibrate, salafibrate, serfibrate, simfibrate, sitofibrate, tiafibrate, timofibrate, tocofibrate, urefibrate, xantifibrate
- clofibric acid, clofibrate, aluminium clofibrate, calcium clofibrate, cinnarizine clofibrate, etofylline clofibrate, magnesium clofibrate
- related: arhalofenate, beclobrate, eniclobrate, gemfibrozil, halofenate, lifibrol, metibride, terbufibrol, tibric acid, fibrafylline (deleted)
(b) bromebric acid (prophylaxis of migraine), fibracillin (antibiotic)
(c) nafenopin, treloxinate
-flapon — 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors
edit-flurane — halogenated alkane derivatives/compounds used as general inhalation anaesthetics
edit(a) aliflurane, cryofluorane, desflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, norflurane, roflurane, sevoflurane, teflurane
(b) apaflurane
-formin — antihyperglycaemics (hypoglycemics), phenformin derivatives
edit(a) benfosformin, buformin, etoformin, metformin, metformin glycinate, phenformin, tiformin
-fo(s)- — insecticides, anthelminthics, pesticides etc., phosphorous (phosphoro-) derivatives (-vos)
edit1. organophosphorous derivatives
edit- (a) vet. insecticides: quintiofos
- (b) toldimfos (vet. phosphorous source)
- (c) vet. insecticides and anthelminthics: metrifonate
- anthelmintic: butonate
2. phosphates
edit- (a) vet. insecticides: clofenvinfos
- vet. anthelminthics: bromofenofos, dichlorvos, naftalofos
- anthelminthics: vincofos
- (b) triclofos (hypnotic, sedative)
3. phosphorothioates
edit- vet. insecticides:
- (c) dimpylate, phoxim (vet. insecticide and anthelmintic), pyrimitate
4. phosphorodithioates
edit- (a) benoxafos (vet. pesticide)
- (c) carbofenotion (vet. insecticide), dioxation (vet. insecticide), malathion (deleted)
5. phosphoramidates
edit- anthelminthic: imcarbofos
-fos- — or various pharmacological categories belonging to fos (other than those above)
edit-fos-
edit- alafosfalin, amifostine, belfosdil, benfosformin, butafosfan, cifostodine, creatinolfosfate, dexfosfoserine, ferpifosate sodium, furifosmin, monophosphothiamine, sodium picofosfate, sparfosic acid, technetium (99mTc), tetrofosmin, trifosmin
-fosfamide — alkylating agents of the cyclophosphamide group (isophosphoramide mustard derivatives)
edit- canfosfamide, cyclophosphamide, defosfamide, glufosfamide, ifosfamide, mafosfamide, palifosfamide, perfosfamide, sufosfamide, trofosfamide
-fosine — cytostatics
edit- fosfosalvudine tidoxil, fosamprenavir, fosaprepitant, fosarilate, fosazepam, fosbretabulin, foscarnet sodium, foscolic acid, fosdevirine, fosenazide, fosfestrol, fosfluconazole, fosfluridine tidoxil, fosfocreatinine, fosfomycin, fosfonet sodium, fosfosal, fosfructose, fosinopril, fosinoprilat, fosmenic acid, fosmidomycin, fosopamine, fosphenytoin, fospirate, fospropofol, fosquidone, fostamatinib, fostedil, fostriecin, fosveset
-fungin — antifungal antibiotics (undefined group)
edit(a) abafungin, anidulafungin, basifungin, caspofungin, cilofungin, fusafungine, kalafungin, micafungin, nifungin, oxifungin, sinefungin, triafungin
-fylline — N-methylated xanthine derivatives (theophylline derivatives)
edit(a) acefylline clofibrol, acefylline piperazine, albifylline, aminophylline, apaxifylline, arofylline, bamifylline, cipamfylline, denbufylline, derenofylline, dimabefylline, diniprofylline, diprophylline, doxofylline, enprofylline, etamiphylline, etofylline, etofylline clofibrate, fibrafylline (deleted), flufylline, fluprofylline, furafylline, guaifylline, isbufylline, istradefylline, laprafylline, lisofylline, lomifylline, mercurophylline, metescufylline, mexafylline, midaxifylline, naxifylline, nestifylline, pentifylline, pentoxifylline, perbufylline, pimefylline, propentofylline, proxyphylline, pyridofylline, rolofylline, spirofylline, stacofylline, tazifylline, theophylline ephedrine, tonapofylline, torbafylline, triclofylline, verofylline, visnafylline, choline theophyllinate, fenetylline
(c) cafedrine, dimenhydrinate, dimethazan, meralluride, mercumatilin sodium, piprinhydrinate, promethazine teoclate, protheobromine, theodrenaline, xantifibrate, xantinol nicotinate
- radicals and groups: teprosilate
gab — gabamimetic agents
edit(a) atagabalin, fengabine, gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, gaboxadol (used as analgesic), imagabalin, lesogaberan, pivagabine, pregabalin, progabide (used as an antiepileptic), retigabine, tiagabine, tolgabide, vigabatrin (anticonvulsants)
(b) gabexate (proteolytic)
gado- — diagnostic agents, gadolinium derivatives
edit(a) gadobenic acid, gadobutrol, gadocoletic acid, gadodenterate, gadodiamide, gadofosveset, gadomelitol, gadopenamide, gadopentetic acid, gadoterdol, gadoteric acid, gadoversetamide, gadoxetic acid
-gatran — thrombin inhibitors, antithrombotic agents (argatroban type))
edit(a) atecegatran, atecegatran metoxil, dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate, efegatran, flovagatran, inogatran, melagatran, napsagatran, sofigatran, ximelagatran
(c) argatroban
-gene — gene therapy products
edit(a) alferminogene tadenovec, alipogene tiparvovec, amolimogene bepiplasmid, beperminogene perplasmid, golnerminogene pradenovec, riferminogene pecaplasmid, sitimagene ceradenovec, taberminogene vadenovec, talimogene laherparepvec, tipapkinogene sovacivec, velimogene aliplasmid
-gest- — steroids, progestogens (progestins)
edit(a) altrenogest, anagestone, cingestol, clogestone, clomegestone, demegestone, desogestrel, dexnorgestrel, dienogest, dydrogesterone, edogestrone, etonogestrel, flugestone, gestaclone, gestadienol, gestodene, gestonorone caproate, gestrinone, haloprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, levonorgestrel (previously dexnorgestrel), medrogestone, medroxyprogesterone, medrogestone, megestrol, melengestrol, metogest, nomegestrol, norelgestromin, norgesterone, norgestimate, norgestomet, norgestrel, norgestrienone, oxogestone, pentagestrone, progesterone, proligestone, promegestone, quingestanol, quingestrone, segesterone, tigestol, tosagestin, trengestone, trimegestone
(b) algestone (glucorticoid)
(c) allylestrenol, chlormadinone, cismadinone, delmadinone, dimethisterone, ethisterone, ethynerone, etynodiol, hydromadinone, lynestrenol, metynodiol, norethisterone, noretynodrel, norvinisterone
- clometerone (antiestrogen), dimepregnen (antiestrogen)
-giline — MAO-inhibitors type B
edit(a) clorgiline, mofegiline, pargiline, rasagiline, selegiline
-gillin — antibiotics produced by Aspergillus strains
edit(a) fumagillin, mitogillin
gli- (previously gly-) — antihyperglycaemics (sulphonamide hypoglycaemics)
edit- (a) 1. sulfonamide derivatives: gliamilide, glibenclamide, glibornuride, glibutimine, glicaramide, glicetanile, gliclazide, glidanile (deleted), glicondamide, glidazamide, gliflumide, glimepiride, glipalamide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisamuride, glisentide (previously glipentide), glisindamide, glisolamide, glisoxepide, glybuthiazol, glybuzole, glyclopyramide, glycyclamide, glyhexamide, glymidine sodium, glyoctamide, glyparamide (USAN-only), glypinamide, glyprothiazol, glysobuzole
- 2. other than sulfonamide derivatives: camiglibose, deriglidole, emiglitate, imeglimin, ingliforib, isaglidole, limiglidole, linogliride, managlinat dialanetil, meglitinide, midaglizole, miglitol, mitiglinide, naglivan, nateglinide, piragliatin, pirogliride, repaglinide, teglicar, tibeglisene, voglibose
- 3. peptide: seglitide
- (b) cromoglicate lisetil, cromoglicic acid, ioglicic acid, ioxaglic acid, sulglicotide (treatment of peptic ulcers), tropigline
- (c) acetohexamide, butadiazamide, carbutamide, chlorpropamide, heptolamide, metahexamide, palmoxiric acid, thiohexamide, tolazamide, tolbutamide, tolpentamide, tolpyrramide
gly-
edit- (a) glybuthiazol, glybuzole, glyclopyramide, glycyclamide, glyhexamide, glymidine sodium, glyoctamide, glypinamide, glyprothiazol, glysobuzole
-gliflozin — sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors, phlorizin derivatives
edit- atigliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin, remogliflozin etabonate, sergliflozin etabonate, tofogliflozin
-gliptin — dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV inhibitors
edit- (a) alogliptin, anagliptin, bisegliptin(no information), carmegliptin, denagliptin, dutogliptin, gemigliptin, gosogliptin, linagliptin, melogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, vildagliptin
-glitazar — peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists (not thiazolidene derivatives)
edit- (a) aleglitazar, cevoglitazar, farglitazar, imiglitazar, indeglitazar, muroglitazar, naveglitazar, oxeglitazar, peliglitazar, pemaglitazar, ragaglitazar, reglitazar, sipoglitazar, sodelglitazar, tesaglitazar
-glitazone — peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists (PPST agonists), thiazolidinedione/thiazolidene derivatives
edit- (a) ciglitazone, balaglitazone, darglitazone, edaglitazone, englitazone, lobeglitazone, netoglitazone, pioglitazone, rivoglitazone, rosiglitazone, troglitazone
- (c) efatutazone
-glumide — cholecystokinine antagonists, antiulcer, anxiolytic agents
edit(a) amiglumide, dexloxiglumide, itriglumide, lorglumide, loxiglomide, proglumide, spiroglumide, tomoglumide
-golide — dopamine receptor agonists, ergoline derivatives
edit(a) adrogolide, naxagolide, pergolide, quinagolide, voxergolide
(c) rotigotine
-grel- — platelet aggregation inhibitors, primarily platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonists
edit(a) anagrelide, camonagrel, cangrelor, clopidogrel, dazmegrel, elinogrel, furegrelate, isbogrel, itazigrel, midazogrel, nafagrel, nicogrelate, oxagrelate, ozagrel, pamicogrel, parogrelil, pirmagrel, prasugrel, regrelor, ridogrel, rolafagrel, samixogrel, sarpogrelate, satigrel, sunagrel, temanogrel, terbogrel, ticagrelor, trifenagrel
guan- — antihypertensives, guanidine derivatives
edit(a) guanabenz, guanacline, guanadrel, guanazodine, guancidine, guanclofine, guanethidine, guanfacine, guanisoquine, guanoclor, guanoctine, guanoxan, guanoxabenz, guanoxyfen, guabenxan
(c) guabenxan
-icam — anti-inflammatory, isoxicam derivatives
edit(a) ampiroxicam, droxicam, enolicam, isoxicam, lornoxicam, meloxicam, piroxicam, sudoxicam, tenoxicam, tesicam
-ifene — antiestrogens, clomifene and tamoxifen derivatives
edit(a) acolbifene, clomifenoxide, tesmilifene
- -oxifene: afimoxifene, arzoxifene, bazedoxifene, droloxifene, idoxifene, lasofoxifene, levormeloxifene, miproxifene, ormeloxifene, pipendoxifene, raloxifene, tamoxifen, trioxifene, zindoxifene
- -mifene: clomifene, enclomifene, fispemifene, nitromifene, ospemifene, panomifene, sivifene, toremifene, zuclomifene
(b) dextropropoxyphene, levopropoxyphene, suloxifen (bronchodilator)
(c) nafoxidine
-ilide — class III antiarrhythmic agents, sematilide derivatives
edit(a) ambasilide, artilide, azimilide, dofetilide, ersentilide, ibutilide, ipazilide, risotilide, sematilide, trecetilide
(b) bromacrylide, ftaxilide, gliamilide
imex — immunostimulants
edit(a) azimexon, forfenimex, imexon, roquinimex, ubenimex
-imibe — acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors, antihyperlipidaemics
edit(a) avasimibe, canosimibe, eflucimibe, eldacimibe, ezetimibe, lecimibide, octimibate, pactimibe
-imod — immunomodulators, both stimulant/suppressive and stimulant
edit(a) agatolimod, apilimod, atiprimod, cridanimod, defoslimod, epetirimod, esonarimod, fingolimod, forigerimod, golotimod, glaspimod, iguratimod, imiquimod, ivarimod, laquinimod, litenimod, paquinimod, pidotimod, ponesimod, rabeximod, resiquimod, rintatolimod, siponimod, sotirimod, susalimod, tasquinimod, tiprotimod
-mapimod — mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors
edit(a) balamapimod, bentamapimod, dilmapimod, doramapimod, losmapimod, pamapimod, talmapimod, semapimod
-imus — immunosuppressants (immunosuppressives) (other than antineoplastics)
edit-rolimus — immunosuppressants, rapamycin derivatives
edit- (a) everolimus, olcorolimus, pimecrolimus, ridaforolimus, sirolimus, tacrolimus, temsirolimus, umirolimus, zotarolimus
io- — iodine-containing contrast media
edit- (a) iobenzamic acid, iobitridol, iobutoic acid, iocarmic acid, iocetamic acid, iodamide, iodecimol, iodetryl, iodixanol, iodophthalein sodium, iodoxamic acid, iofendylate, ioforminol, iofratol, ioglicic acid, ioglucol, ioglucomide, ioglunide, ioglycamic acid, iohexol, iolidonic acid, iolixanic acid, iomeglamic acid, iomeprol, iomorinic acid, iopamidol, iopanoic acid, iopentol, iophenoic acid, ioprocemic acid, iopromide, iopronic acid, iopydol, iopydone, iosarcol, iosefamic acid, ioseric acid, iosimenol, iosimide, iosulamide, iosumetic acid, iotalamic acid, iotasul, iotetric acid, iotranic acid, iotriside, iotrizoic acid, iotrolan, iotroxic acid, ioversol, ioxabrolic acid, ioxaglic acid, ioxilan, ioxitalamic acid, ioxotrizoic acid, iozomic acid
- (c) adipiodone, bunamiodyl, dimethiodal sodium, diodone, ethyl cartrizoate, methiodal sodium, metrizamide, pheniodol sodium, phenobutiodil, propyl docetrizoate, propyliodone, sodium acetrizoate, sodium amidotrizoate, sodium diprotrizoate, sodium metrizoate, sodium tyropanoate
io(d)-, -io- — radiopharmaceuticals, iodine-contained
edit- (a) ethiodized oil (131I), iobenguane (131I), iocanlidic acid (123I), iodinated (125I) human serum albumin, iodinated (131I) human serum albumin, iodine (124I) girentuximamb, iodocetylic acid (123I), iodochloesterol (131I), iodofiltic acid (123I), iofolastat (123I), iofetamine (123I), ioflubenzamide (131I), ioflupane (123I), iolopride (123I), iomazenil (123I), iometin (125I), iometin (131I), iometopane (123I), sodium iodide (125I), sodium iodide (131I), sodium iodohippurate (131I), sodium iotalamate (125I), sodium itolamate (131I)
-irudin — thrombin inhibitors (anticoagulants), hirudin derivatives
edit-isomide — class I antiarrhythmics, disopyramide derivatives
edit(a) actisomide, bidisomide, pentisomide
(c) disopyramide
-ium, -onium — quaternary ammonium compounds
editneuromuscular blocking agents with a flexible structure
edit- (a) azamethonium bromide, decamethonium bromide, dicolinium iodide, dimecolinium iodide, fubrogonium iodide, hexamethonium bromide, mebezonium iodide, oxapropanium iodide, oxydipentonium chloride, pentamethonium bromide, pentolonium tartrate, prodeconium bromide, stilonium iodide, suxamethonium chloride, suxethonium chloride, tetrylammonium bromide, tiametonium iodide, trepirium iodide
neuromuscular blocking agents with rigid structure (-curium, -curonium — neuromuscular blocking agents, quaternary also ammonium compounds)
edit- (a) -curonium: alcuronium chloride, candocuronium iodide, dacuronium bromide, pancuronium bromide, pipecuronium bromide, rapacuronium bromide, rocuronium bromide, stercuronium iodide, vecuronium bromide
- -curium (curare-like substances): atracurium besilate, cisatracurium besilate, doxacurium chloride, gantacurium chloride, mivacurium chloride, truxicurium iodide, truxipicurium iodide
cholinergic agents
edit- (a) aclatonium napadisilate, ambenonium chloride, benzpyrinium bromide, carpronium chloride, demecarium bromide, furtrethonium iodide
- (c) acetylcholine chloride, charbacol, choline alfoscerate, choline chloride, choline gluconate, choline salicylate (analgesic), choline theophyllinate (smooth muscle relaxant), methacholine chloride, nitricholine perchlorate (antihypertensive), distigmine bromide, ecothiopate iodide, neostigmine bromide, obidoxime chloride, pralidoxime iodide, pyridostigmine bromide
anticholinergic agents
edit- (a) aclidinium bromide, benzilonium bromide, benzopyrronium bromide, beperidium, bevonium metilsulfate, butropium bromide, ciclonium bromide, ciclotropium bromide, cimetropium bromide, clidinium bromide, cyclopyrronium bromide, dimetipirium bromide, diponium bromide, dotefonium bromide, droclidinium bromide, emepronium bromide, etipirium iodide, fenclexonium metilsulfate, fenpiverinium bromide, fentonium bromide, flutropium bromide, glycopyrronium bromide, heteronium bromide, hexasonium iodide, hexocyclium metilsulfate, hexopyrronium bromide, ipratropium bromide, methanthelinium bromide, methylbenactyzium bromide, metocinium iodide, nolinium bromide, otilonium bromide, oxapium iodide, oxitefonium bromide, oxitropium bromide, oxyphenonium bromide, oxypyrronium bromide, oxysonium iodide, pentapiperium metilsulfate, prifinium bromide, ritropirronium bromide, sintropium bromide, sultroponium, tematropium metilsulfate, tiemonium iodide, timepidium bromide, tiotropium bromide, tiquizium bromide, trantelinium bromide, trospium chloride, xenytropium bromide
- (c) atropine methonitrate, buzepide metiodide, chlorisondamine chloride, diphemanil metilsulfate, homatropine methylbromide, isopropramide iodide, mepenzolate bromide, octatropine methylbromide, parapenzolate bromide, pipenzolate bromide, poldine metilsulfate, propantheline bromide, propyromazine bromide, tridihexethyl iodide, tropenziline bromide, thihexinol methylbromide, tricyclamol chloride
surfactants used as antibacterials and antiseptics
edit- (a) acriflavinium chloride, amantanium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium chloride, benzoxonium chloride, cefalonium, cefmepidium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cethexonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorphenoctium amsonate, deditonium bromide, denatonium benzoate, dequalinium chloride, disiquonium chloride, dodeclonium bromide, dofamium chloride, fludazonium chloride, furazolium chloride, halopenium chloride, hedaquinium chloride, lapirium chloride, lauralkonium chloride, laurcetium bromide, laurolinium acetate, mecetronium etilsulfate, metalkonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, methylrosanilinium chloride, methylthioninium chloride, miripirium chloride, miristalkonium chloride, octafonium chloride, opratonium iodide, penoctonium bromide, pirralkonium bromide, polidronium chloride, polixetonium chloride, prolonium iodide, sanguinarium chloride, sepazonium chloride, tetradonium bromide, tibezonium iodide, tiodonium chloride, toliodium chloride, toloconium metilsulfate, tonzonium bromide, triclobisonium chloride
- (c) domiphen bromide
other agents
edit- alagebrium chloride, albitiazolium bromide, amezinium metilsulfate, amprolium chloride, azaspirium chloride, bephenium hydroxynaphthoate, bibenzonium bromide, bidimazium iodide, bretylium tosilate, butopyrammonium iodide, carcainium chloride, clofilium phosphate, datelliptium chloride, detajmium bitartrate, dibrospidium chloride, ditercalinium chloride, edrophonium chloride, elliptinium acetate, emilium tosilate, enisamium iodide, famiraprinium chloride, feniodium chloride, gallium (67Ga) citrate, homidium bromide, isavuconazonium chloride, isometamidium chloride, mefenidramium metilsulfate, meldonium, mequitamium iodide, nolpitantium besilate, pinaverium bromide, pirdonium bromide, prajmalium bitartrate, pranolium chloride, pretamazium iodide, propagermanium, prospidium chloride, pyritidium bromide, pyrvinium chloride, quindonium bromide, quinuclium bromide, repagermanium, rimazolium metilsulfate, roxolinium metilsulfate, samarium (153Sm), sepantronium bromide, sevitropium mesilate, spirogermanium, stilbazium iodide, thenium closilate, tipetropium bromide, tolonium chloride, trazium esilate, trethinium tosilate, troxonium tosilate, troxypyrrolium tosilate
- (c) alazanine triclofenate (anthelminthic), colfosceril palmitate (pulmonary surfactant), dithiazanine iodide (anthelminthic), hexadimethrine bromide (heparin antagonist)
-izine, -yzine — diphenylmethyl piperazine derivatives
edit- (a) antihistaminics: buclizine, cetirizine, chlorcyclizine, clocinizine, cyclizine, efletirizine, elbanizine, flotrenizine, levocetirizine, lomerizine, pibaxizine, trenizine
- homochlorcyclizine (serotonin antagonist)
- tranquillizers: etodroxizine, hydroxyzine
- various: benderizine (antiarrhythmic), decloxizine (respiratory insufficiency), ropizine (anticonvulsant)
-rizine — antihistaminics/cerebral (or peripheral) vasodilators
edit- (a) belarizine, buterizine, cinnarizine, dotarizine, flunarizine, lifarizine, tagorizine, tamolarizine, trelnarizine
- chemically related: pipoxizine (respiratory insufficiency)
- (b) phenothiazine derivatives: chloracyzine (vasodilator), fluacizine (sedative), moracizine (antiarrhythmic), tiracizine (antiarrhythmic)
- benzilate esters: benactyzine (tranquillizer), benaprizine (anti-parkinsonian)
- phenylpiperazine: dimetholizine (antiallergic), dropropizine/levodropropizine (antitussive)
- antibiotic "cef": cefatrizine
- pyrazine derivatives: ampyzine (central nervous stimulant), triampyzine (anticholinergic)
- indoloquinolines (anticholinergic): metoquizine, toquizine
- (c) medibazine
-kacin — antibiotics, kanamycin and bekanamycin derivatives (obtained from Streptomyces kanamyceticus)
edit(a) amikacin, arbekacin, butikacin, dibekacin, propikacin
(c) bekanamycin, kanamycin
- other aminoglycoside antibiotics: Strept. griseus: dihydrostreptomycin (semisynthetic), streptomycin, streptoniazid (semisynthetic)
- Strept. tenebrarius: apramycin, nebramycin (mixture of several antibiotics, including apramycin and tobramycin), tobramycin
- Bacillus circularis: butirosin
-kalant — potassium channel blockers (potassium channel antagonists)
edit(a) adekalant, almokalant, clamikalant, inakalant, nifekalant, pinokalant, terikalant, vernakalant
-kalim — potassium channel activators (potassium channel agonists), antihypertensive
edit(a) aprikalim, bimakalim, cromakalim, levcromakalim, emakalim, mazokalim, rilmakalim, sarakalim
-kef- — enkephalin agonists (various indications)
edit-kin — interleukin type substances
edit(a) IL-1: -nakin interleukin-1 analogues and derivatives
- -onakin: interleukin-1 α analogues and derivatives: pifonakin
- -benakin: interleukin-1 β analogues and derivatives: mobenakin
- IL-2: -leukin interleukin-2 analogues and derivatives: adargileukin alfa, aldesleukin, celmoleukin, denileukin diftitox, teceleukin pegaldesleukin, tucotuzumab celmoleukin
- IL-4: -trakin interleukin-4 analogues and derivatives: binetrakin
- IL-6: -exakin interleukin-6 analogues and derivatives: atexakin alfa
- IL-8: -octakin interleukin-8 analogues and derivatives: emoctakin
- IL-10: -decakin interleukin-10 analogues and derivatives: ilodecakin
- IL-11: -elvekin interleukin-11 analogues and derivatives: oprelvekin
- IL-12: -dodekin interleukin-12 analogues and derivatives: edodekin alfa
- IL-13: -tredekin interleukin-13 analogues and derivatives: cintredekin besudotox
- IL-18: -octadekin interleukin-18 human analogues and derivatives: iboctadekin tadekinig alfa (fraction of IL-18 human)
- Il-21: -enicokin interleukin -21 human analogues and derivatives: denenicokin
(c) IL-3: -plestim: interleukin-3 analogues and derivatives: muplestim, daniplestim
-kinra — interleukin receptor antagonists
edit- IL-1: -nakinra interleukin-1 receptor antagonists: anakinra
- IL-4: -trakinra interleukin-4 receptor antagonists: pitrakinra
-kiren — renin inhibitors
edit(a) aliskiren, ciprokiren, ditekiren, enalkiren, remikiren, terlakiren, zankiren
-lubant — leukotriene [B4] receptor antagonists (treatment of inflammatory skin disorders)
edit(a) amelubant, moxilubant, ticolubant
-mab — monoclonal antibodies
edit-amab — rat origin
edit-emab — hamster origin
edit-imab — primate origin
edit-omab — mouse origin
edit- b(a) bacterial: edobacomab
- co(l) colon: edrecolomab, nacolomab tafenatox
- go(v) ovary (tumours): abagovomab, igovomab, oregovomab
- l(i) lymphocyte: afelimomab, dorlimomab aritox, elsilimomab, enlimomab, enlimomab pegol, faralimomab, gavilimomab, inolimomab, maslimomab, nerelimomab, odulimomab, telimomab aritox, vepalimomab, zolimomab aritox
- le(s) inflammatory lesions: besilesomab, lemalesomab, sulesomab, technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab
- pr(o) tumour (prostate): capromab
- t(u) tumour (miscellaneous): altumomab, anatumomab mafenatox, arcitumomab, bectumomab, blinatumomab, detumomab, epitumomab, epitumomab cituxetan, ibritumomab tiuxetan, minretumomab, mitumomab, moxetumomab pasudotox, naptumomab estafenatox, racotumomab, satumomab, taplitumomab paptox, technnetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan, technetium (99mTc) pintumomab, tenatumomab, tositumomab
- others: catomaxomab, ertumaxomab
-umab — human origin
edit- b(a) bacterial: nebacumab, raxibacumab
- c(i) cardiovascular: icrucumab, ramucirumab, vesencumab
- f(u) fungal: efungumab
- k(i) interleukin: briakinumab, canakinumab, fezakinumab, secukinumab, sirukumab, tralokinumab, ustekinumab
- l(i) immunomodulator: adalimumab, atorolimumab, belimumab, bertilimumab, brodalumab, carlumab, foralumab, fresolimumab, golimumab, ipilimumab, lerdelimumab, mavrilimumab, metelimumab, morolimumab, namilumab, oxelumab, sifalimumab, tabalumab, tremelimumab, urelumab, zanolimumab, ziralimumab
- s(o) bone: denosumab
- t(u) tumour: adecatumumab, cixutumumab, conatumumab, daratumumab, drozitumab, figitumumab, ganitumab, glembatumumab, intetumumab, iratumumab, lexatumumab, lucatumumab, mapatumumab, narnatumab, necitumumab, ofatumumab, olaratumab, pritumumab, panitumumab, radretumab, rilotumumab, robatumumab, teprotumumab, votumumab, yttrium (90Y) clivatuzumab tetraxetan, zalutumumab
- v(i) viral: exbivirumab, foravirumab, libivirumab, rafivirumab, regavirumab, sevirumab, suvizumab, tuvirumab
- other: atinumab, fulranumab, stamulumab, gantenerumab, roledumab
-ximab — chimeric origin
edit- b(a) bacterial: pagibaximab
- c(i) cardiovascular: abciximab, volociximab
- l(i) immunomodulator: basiliximab, clenoliximab, galiximab, infliximab, keliximab, lumiliximab, priliximab, teneliximab, vapaliximab
- me(l) melanoma: ecromeximab
- t(u) tumor: amatuximab, bavituximab, brentuximab vedotin, cetuximab, ensituximab, girentuximab, indatuximab ravtansine, iodine (124I) girentuximab, rituximab, siltuximab, ublituximab
-xizumab — chimeric/humanized
edit-zumab — humanized origin
edit- anib angiogenesis inhibitor: ranibizumab
- b(a) bacterial: tefibazumab
- c(i) cardiovascular: alacizumab pegol, bevacizumab, etaracizumab, tadocizumab
- k(i) interleukin: anrukinzumab, enokizumab, gevokizumab, ixekizumab, lebrikizumab, olokizumab
- l(i) lymphocyte: apolizumab, aselizumab, benralizumab, cedelizumab, certolizumab pegol, daclizumab (previously dacliximab), eculizumab, efalizumab, erlizumab, etrolizumab, fontolizumab, ibalizumab, itolizumab, mepolizumab, mogamulizumab, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, omalizumab, ozoralizumab, palivizumab, pascolizumab, pateclizumab, pexelizumab, reslizumab, rontalizumab, rovelizumab, ruplizumab, samalizumab, siplizumab, talizumab, teplizumab, tocilizumab, toralizumab, tregalizumab, vatelizumab, vedolizumab, visilizumab
- s(o) bone: blosozumab
- tox(a) toxin as target: urtoxazumab
- t(u) tumor: (miscellaneous): alemtuzumab, bivatuzumab, cantuzumab mertansine, cantuzumab ravtansine, citatuzumab bogatox, dacetuzumab, dalotuzumab, elotuzumab, enavatuzumab, epratuzumab, farletuzumab, ficlatuzumab, gemtuzumab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, labetuzumab, lintuzumab, lorvotuzumab mertansine, matuzumab, milatuzumab, nimotuzumab, obinutuzumab, onartuzumab, oportuzumab 117 monatox, pertuzumab, sibrotuzumab, sontuzumab, tigatuzumab, trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, tucotuzumab celmoleukin, veltuzumab, yttrium (90Y) tacatuzumab tetraxetan
- v(i) viral: felvizumab, motavizumab
- other: bapineuzumab, crenezumab, ponezumab, solanezumab, tanezumab
(c)
edit-mantadine, -mantine, -mantone — adamantane derivatives, antivirals/antiparkinsonians
edit(a) antiviral: amantadine, rimantadine, somantadine, tromantadine
- antiparkinsonian: carmantadine, dopamantine, memantine
- immunostimulant: idramantone
(b) anthelminthic: dimantine
(c) adafenoxate (nootropic agent), adamexine (mucolytic), adapalene (antiacne agent), adaprolol (β-adrenoreceptor antagonist), adatanserin (serotonin receptor antagonist), amantanium bromide (disinfectant), amantocillin (antibiotic), arterolane (antimalarial), bolmantalate (anabolic), meclinertant (neurotensin antagonist), mantabegron (β3-adrenoreceptor agonist), saxagliptin (antidiabetic), vildagliptin (antidiabetic)
-meline — cholinergic agents (muscarine receptor agonists/partial antagonists used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, arecoline derivatives)
editmer-, -mer- — mercury-containing drugs, antimicrobial or diuretic (deprecated)
edit- note: mer- and -mer- can now be used for any type of substances and are no longer restricted to use in names for mercury-containing drugs
(a) antimicrobial: meralein sodium, merbromin, mercurobutol, otimerate sodium, phenylmercuric borate, sodium timerfonate, thiomersal
- diuretic: chlormerodrin, chlormerodrin (197Hg), meralluride, mercaptomerin, mercuderamide, mercumatilin sodium, mercurophylline, merisoprol (197Hg) (diagnostic), mersalyl
(b) difemerine (spasmolytic), dimercaprol (antidote, -SH group), lomerizine (cerebral vasodilator), mercaptopurine (cytostatic, -SH group), nifurmerone, pemerid, suxemerid (antitussive)
(c) hydrargaphen
-mer — polymers
edit(a) amilomer, azoximer bromide, bixalomer, cadexomer, carbetimer, carbomer, crilanomer, dextranomer, eldexomer, exatecan alideximer, hemoglobin glutamer, hemoglobin raffimer, leuciglumer, maletamer, poloxamer, porfimer sodium, sevelamer, surfomer, tolevamer, zinostatin stimalamer
(b) succimer
-mesine — sigma receptor ligands
edit-mestane — aromatase inhibitors (antineoplastics)
edit-metacin — anti-inflammatory, indometacin (indomethacin) derivatives
edit(a) acemetacin, cinmetacin, clometacin, delmetacin (originally demetacin), duometacin, glucametacin, indometacin, niometacin, oxametacin, pimetacin, proglumetacin, sermetacin, talmetacin, zidometacin
- other anti-inflammatory, indole derivatives: etoprindole, indopine, indoxole, nictindole
-micin — antibiotics obtained from various Micromonospora strains
edit- astromicin, betamicin, etisomicin, evernimicin, fidaxomicin, gentamicin, isepamicin, maduramicin, megalomicin, micronomicin, mirosamicin, netilmicin, ozogamicin, pentisomicin, repromicin, rosaramicin (previously rosamicin), semduramicin, sisomicin
mito- — antineoplastics, nucleotoxic agents
edit(a) mitobronitol, mitocarcin, mitoclomine, mitoflaxone, mitogillin, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitomalcin, mitomycin, mitonafide, mitopodozide, mitoquidone, mitosper, mitotane, mitotenamine, mitoxantrone, mitozolomide
(c) mitindomide
-monam — monobactam antibiotics
edit(a) carumonam, gloximonam, oximonam, pirazmonam, tigemonam
(c) aztreonam
-motine — antivirals, quinoline derivatives
edit-moxin — monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), hydrazine derivatives
edit(a) benmoxin, cimemoxin, domoxin, octamoxin
(c) carbenzide, etryptamine, fenoxypropazine, iproclozide, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, mebanazine, nialamide, pargyline, phenelzine, pheniprazine, tranylcypromine
-mulin — antibacterials, pleuromulin derivatives
edit(a) azamulin, pleuromulin, retapamulin, tiamulin, valnemulin
(b) nonathymulin, thymostimulin
-mustine — antineoplastic agents, alkylating agents, β-chloroethylamine derivatives
edit(a) alestramustine, ambamustine, atrimustine, bendamustine, bofumustine, carmustine, ditiomustine, ecomustine, elmustine, estramustine, fotemustine, galamustine, laromustine, lomustine, mannomustine, neptamustine (originally pentamustine), nimustine, prednimustine, ranimustine, semustine, spiromustine, tallimustine, tauromustine, uramustine
(c) canfosfamide, chlorambucil, chlormethine, chlornaphazine, cyclophosphamide, defosfamide, glufosfamide, ifosfamide, mafosfamide, melphalan, melphalan flufenamide, metamelfalan, mitoclomine, mitotenamine, palifosfamide, perfosfamide, sarcolysin, sufosfamide, trichlormethine, trofosfamide
-mycin — antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces strains (see also -kacin)
edit(a) alvespimycin, amfomycin, antelmycin, apramycin, avilamycin, azalomycin, azithromycin, bambermycin, bekanamycin, berythromycin, bicozamycin, biniramycin, bluensomycin, capreomycin, carbomycin, cethromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, coumamycin, daptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, diproleandomycin, dirithromycin, efrotomycin, endomycin, enramycin, enviomycin, erythromycin, estomycin, flurithromycin, fosfomycin, fosmidomycin, gamithromycin, ganefromycin, hachimycin, heliomycin, hydroxymycin, josamycin, kanamycin, kitasamycin, laidlomycin, lexithromycin, lincomycin, lividomycin, maridomycin, midecamycin, mikamycin, mirincamycin, mocimycin, modithromycin, natamycin, nebramycin, neomycin, neutramycin, oleandomycin, paldimycin, paromomycin, paulomycin, pirlimycin, primycin, pristinamycin, ranimycin, relomycin, retaspimycin, ribostamycin, rifamycin, rokitamycin, roxithromycin, salinomycin, sedecamycin, solithromycin, spectinomycin, spiramycin, stallimycin, steffimycin, streptomycin, tanespimycin, telithromycin, terdecamycin, tobramycin, troleandomycin, trospectomycin, tulathromycin (vet.), vancomycin, viomycin, virginiamycin
- antibiotics, antineoplastics: ambomycin, antramycin, azotomycin, bleomycin, cactinomycin, dactinomycin, duazomycin, lucimycin, mitomycin, nogalamycin, olivomycin, peliomycin, peplomycin, plicamycin (previously mithramycin), porfiromycin, puromycin, rufocromomycin, sparsomycin, talisomycin
- antibiotics, antineoplastics, antibacterial: cirolemycin
(c) antibiotic, antibacterial: aspartocin, azidamfenicol, cetofenicol, chloramphenicol, cloramfenicol pantotenate complex, cycloserine, novobiocin, ostreogrycin, rifamide, rifampicin, streptoniazid, streptovarycin, thiamphenicol, tylosin
- antibiotic, antifungal: amphotericin B, candicidin, filipin, kalafungin, nystatin, viridofulvin
- antibiotic, antineoplastic: daunorubicin, mitomalcin, streptonigrin
-nab, -nab- — cannabinoid receptors agonists (cannabinol derivatives)
edit- (a) cannabinol, dronabinol, menabitan, nabazenil, nabilone, nabitan, naboctate, nonabine, pirnabin, tedalinab, tinabinol
-nabant — cannabinoid receptors antagonists
editnal- — opioid receptor antagonists/agonists related to normorphine
edit(a) methylnaltrexone bromide, nalbuphine, naldemedine, nalfurafine, nalmefene (originally nalmetrene), nalmexone, nalorphine, naloxegol, naloxone, naltrexone
(b) nalidixic acid, naluzotan
-nicline — nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonists/full agonists
edit(a) altinicline, dianicline, facinicline, ispronicline, pozanicline, rivanicline, sofinicline, tebanicline, varenicline
nico-, nic-, ni- — nicotinic acid or nicotinoyl alcohol derivatives
edit- nico-: nicoboxil, nicoclonate, nicocodine, nicocortonide, nicodicodine, nicofibrate, nicofuranose, nicofurate, nicomol, nicomorphine, nicopholine, nicorandil, nicothiazone, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotredole, nicoxamat, nikethamide
- nic-: nicafenine, nicainoprol, nicametate, nicardipine, nicanartine, nicergoline, niceritrol, niceverine, nictindole, nizofenone
-nicate — antihypercholesterolaemic and/or vasodilating nicotinic acid esters
edit- (a) ciclonicate, derpanicate, estrapronicate, glunicate, hepronicate, micinicate, pantenicate, sorbinicate
- (b) nitrile derivative: nimazone
- other: nifungin, nimidane, nisbuterol
- (c) NO2 - derivatives: acenocoumarol (anticoagulant), azathioprine and tiamiprine (antimetabolites), bronopol (antiseptic), chloramphenicol (antibiotic), clonazepam (sedative), flurantel (anthelmintic), flutamide (nonsteroid anti-androgen)
-nidazole — antiprotozoals and radiosensitizers, metronidazole derivatives
edit(a) abunidazole, azanidazole, bamnidazole, benznidazole, carnidazole, doranidazole, etanidazole, fexinidazole, flunidazole, ipronidazole, metronidazole, misonidazole, moxnidazole, ornidazole, panidazole, pimonidazole, pirinidazole, propenidazole, ronidazole, satranidazole, secnidazole, sulnidazole, ternidazole, tinidazole, tivanidazole
(c) dimetridazole, nimorazole, stirimazole
nifur- — 5-nitrofuran derivatives
edit(a) nifuradene, nifuraldezone, nifuralide, nifuratel, nifuratrone, nifurdazil, nifurethazone, nifurfoline, nifurimide, nifurizone, nifurmazole, nifurmerone, nifuroquine, nifuroxazide, nifuroxime, nifurpipone, nifurpirinol, nifurprazine, nifurquinazol, nifursemizone, nifursol, nifurthiazole, nifurtimox, nifurtoinol, nifurvidine, nifurzide
(c) furalazine, furaltadone, furazolidone, furazolium chloride, furmethoxadone, levofuraltadone, nidroxyzone, nihydrazone, nitrofural, nitrofurantoin, thiofuradene
nitro-, nitr-, nit-, ni-, -ni- — NO2 derivatives
edit- nitro-: nitroclofene, nitrocycline, nitrodan, nitrofural, nitrofurantoin, nitromifene, nitroscanate, nitrosulfathiazole, nitroxinil, nitroxoline
- nitr-: nitracrine, nitrafudam, nitramisole, nitraquazone, nitrazepam, nitrefazole, nitricholine perchlorate
- nit- and -nit-: nitarsone, ranitidine
- ni-: nibroxane, niclofolan, niclosamide, nidroxyzone, nifenalol, nihydrazone, nimesulide, nimorazole, niridazole
- ni-dipine: nicardipine, nifedipine, niludipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, vatamidipine
-nixin — anti-inflammatory, anilinonicotinic acid derivatives
edit(a) butanixin, clonixin, diclonixin, flunixin, isonixin, metanixin
(c) clonixeril, niflumic acid, nixylic acid
-olol — β-adrenoreceptor antagonists, β blockers (propranolol-type)
edit- (a) acebutolol, adaprolol, adimolol, afurolol, alprenolol, ancarolol, arnolol, arotinolol, atenolol, befunolol, betaxolol, bevantolol, bisoprolol, bometolol, bopindolol, bornaprolol, bucindolol, bucumolol, bufetolol, bunitrolol, bunolol, bupranolol, butocrolol, butofilolol, carazolol, carpindolol, carteolol, celiprolol, cetamolol, cicloprolol, cinamolol, cloranolol, crinolol (replaced by pacrinolol), dexnebivolol, dexpropranolol, diacetolol, draquinolol, ecastolol, epanolol, ericolol, esatenolol, esmolol, exaprolol, falintolol, flestolol, flusoxolol, idropranolol, imidolol (replaced by adimolol), indenolol, indopanolol, iprocrolol, isoxaprolol, landiolol, levobetaxolol, levobunolol, levomoprolol, levonebivolol, mepindolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, moprolol, nadolol, nadoxolol, nafetolol, nebivolol, nipradilol (previously nipradolol), oxprenolol, pacrinolol, pafenolol, pamatolol, pargolol, penbutolol, penirolol, pindolol, pirepolol, practolol, primidolol, procinolol, propranolol, ridazolol, ronactolol, soquinolol, spirendolol, talinolol, tazolol, teoprolol, tertatolol, tienoxolol, tilisolol, timolol, tiprenolol, tolamolol, toliprolol, trigevolol, xibenolol, xipranolol, zoleprodolol
- (b) stanozolol (anabolic steroid)
-alol — related to -olols (combined α and β blockers)
edit- (a) amosulalol, bendacalol, brefonalol, bufuralol, dexsotalol, dilevalol, labetalol, medroxalol, nifenalol, pronetalol, sotalol, sulfinalol
- (c) butidrine
-onide — steroids for topical use, acetal derivatives
edit(a) acrocinonide, amcinonide, budesonide, ciclesonide, cicortonide, ciprocinonide, desonide, dexbudesonide, drocinonide, fluclorolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, flumoxonide, fluocinonide, halcinonide, itrocinonide, nicocortonide, procinonide, rofleponide, tralonide, triamcinolone benetonide, triamcinolone furetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, triclonide
(c) amcinafal, amcinafide
-onidine — antihypertensives, clonidine derivatives
edit- (a) apraclonidine (control of intraocular pressure), benclonidine, brimonidine, clonidine, flutonidine, moxonidine, piclonidine, tolonidine
- related: alinidine (analgesic)
-nidine
edit- (a) related antihypertensives: betanidine, indanidine, rilmenidine, tiamenidine
- (b) muscle relaxant: tizanidine
- topical anti-infective: octenidine, pirtenidine
- antibacterial: sulfaguanidine
- vetirinary coccidiostatic: robenidine
-orex — anorexics (anorexiants/anorexic agents) (phenethylamine derivatives)
edit(a) acridorex, amfepentorex, aminorex, benfluorex, clobenzorex, cloforex, clominorex, difemetorex, etolorex, fenisorex, fenproporex, flucetorex, fludorex, fluminorex, formetorex, furfenorex, indanorex, mefenorex, morforex, oxifentorex, pentorex, picilorex, tiflorex
(b) almorexant, suvorexant
(c) bupropion (replaces amfebutamone), amfecloral, amfepramone, amfetamine, amfetaminil, benzfetamine, brolamfetamine, chlorphentermine, clortermine, dexamfetamine, dexfenfluramine, dimetamfetamine, etilamfetamine, fenbutrazate, fenfluramine, hexapradol, levamfetamine, levmetamfetamine, levofenfluramine, lisdexamfetamine, mephentermine, ortetamine, phendimetrazine, phenmetrazine, phentermine
-orph- — opioid receptor antagonists/agonists, morphinan derivates
edit(a) -orphan: butorphanol, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, dimemorfan, ketorfanol (or ketorphanol), levomethorphan, levophenacylmorphan, levorphanol, norlevorphanol, oxilorphan, phenomorphan, proxorphan, racemethorphan, racemorphan, xorphanol
- -orphine: acetorphine, alletorphine, buprenorphine, cyprenorphine, desomorphine, diprenorphine, etorphine, homprenorphine, methyldesorphine, methyldihydromorphine, morphine glucuronide, nalorphine, nicomorphine, normorphine
- -orphinol: hydromorphinol
- -orphone: conorfone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, pentamorphone, semorphone
(b) emorfazone, morforex, morpheridine, orphenadrine
-ox, -alox — antacids, aluminium derivatives
edit(b) -dox antibacterials, quinazoline dioxide derivatives: carbadox, ciadox, cinoquidox, drazidox, mequidox, olaquindox, temodox
- -pirox antimycotics, pyridone derivatives: ciclopirox, metipirox, rilopirox
- -xanox antiallergics (antiallergic respiratory tract drugs), tixanox group (xanoxic acid derivatives): amlexanox, mepixanox, sudexanox, tixanox, traxanox
- others: acipimox (antihyperlipidaemic), bifeprunox (antipsychotic), cefminox (antibiotic), deferasirox (chelating agent), etofenprox (insecticide), nifurtimox (antiprotozoal), pardoprunox (antiparkinsonian), sulbenox (animal growth regulator), xanoxic acid (bronchodilator)
-oxacin — antibacterial agents, nalidixic acid/quinolone/cinoxacin derivatives
edit(a) cinoxacin, droxacin, fleroxacin, enoxacin, garenoxacin, irloxacin, miloxacin, nemonoxacin, ozenoxacin, rosoxacin, tioxacin -floxacin: alatrofloxacin, amifloxacin, balofloxacin, besifloxacin, binfloxacin, cadrofloxacin, cetefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, danofloxacin, delafloxacin, difloxacin, ecenofloxacin, enrofloxacin, esafloxacin, fandofloxacin, finafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, ibafloxacin, levofloxacin, levonadifloxacin, lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, merafloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, olamufloxacin, orbifloxacin, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pradofloxacin, premafloxacin, prulifloxacin, rufloxacin, sarafloxacin, sitafloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, tosufloxacin, trovafloxacin, ulifloxacin, vebufloxacin, zabofloxacin
(b) itarnafloxin
(c) flumequine, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, metioxate
-oxan(e) — α-adrenoceptor antagonists benzodioxane derivatives
edit(a) α-adrenoreceptor antagonists: azaloxan (antidepressant), fluparoxan (antidepressant), idazoxan (α2), imiloxan (α2) (antidepressant), piperoxan (sympatholytic), proroxan
- antihypertensives: flesinoxan, guabenxan, guanoxan
- tranquillizers: butamoxane, ethomoxane, pentamoxane
- muscle relaxant: ambenoxan
- oxa, axa, ox: acoxatrine (cardiovascular analeptic), axamozide (neuroleptic), cinepaxadil (coronary vasodilator), dioxadilol (slight β-adrenoreceptor antagonist), domoxin, doxazosin, enoxamast (antiallergic), spiroxatrine (analgesic)
- related: dexefaroxan (β-adrenoreceptor antagonist), efaroxan (α2)
(b) amoproxan, nibroxane, razoxane, dexrazoxane, sobuzoxane, tolboxane
(c) aplindore, bendacalol, binospirone, capeserod, eltoprazine, lecozotan, lurtotecan, osemozotan, quincarbate, silibinin, sulamserod
-oxetine — serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine derivatives
edit(a) atomoxetine, ansoxetine, dapoxetine, duloxetine, edivoxetine, esreboxetine, femoxetine, fluoxetine, ifoxetine, litoxetine, nisoxetine, omiloxetine, paroxetine, reboxetine, seproxetine
-pafant — platelet-activating factor antagonists
edit(a) apafant, bepafant, dacopafant, foropafant, israpafant, lexipafant, minopafant, modipafant, nupafant, rocepafant, setipafant, tulopafant
-pamide — diuretics, sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivatives (could be sulfamoylbenzamide)
edit(a) alipamide, besulpamide, clopamide, indapamide, tripamide, xipamide, zidapamide (previously isodapamide)
(b) chlorpropamide (hypoglycemic), isopropamide iodide (anticholinergic)
(c) bumetanide, chlortalidone, clorexolone, furosemide, sulclamide, tiamizide
-pamil — calcium channel blockers, coronary vasodilators, verapamil derivatives
edit(a) anipamil, dagapamil, devapamil, dexverapamil, emopamil, falipamil, gallopamil, levemopamil, nexopamil, ronipamil, tiapamil, verapamil
- related: bertosamil, bisaramil
-parcin — glycopeptide antibiotics
edit(a) avoparcin, orientiparcin
-parib — poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors
edit-parin — heparin derivatives including low molecular weight (or depolymerized) heparins
edit(a) adomiparin sodium, ardeparin sodium, bemiparin sodium, certoparin sodium, dalteparin sodium, deligoparin sodium, enoxaparin sodium, heparin sodium, livaraparin calcium, minolteparin sodium, nadroparin calcium, parnaparin sodium, reviparin sodium, semuloparin sodium, tafoxiparin sodium, tinzaparin sodium
-parinux — synthetic heparinoids (antithrombotic indirect selective synthetic factor Xa inhibitors)
edit(a) fondaparinux sodium (replaces fondaparin sodium), idrabiotaparinux sodium, idraparinux sodium
-penem — analogues of penicillanic acid antibiotics modified in the five-membered ring (carbapenem derivatives)
edit(a) biapenem, doripenem, ertapenem, faropenem, imipenem, lenapenem, meropenem, panipenem, razupenem, ritipenem, sulopenem, tacapenem, tebipenem pivoxil, tomopenem
perfl(u)- — perfluorinated compounds used as blood substitutes and/or diagnostic agents (perfluorochemicals)
edit(a) perflenapent, perflexane, perflisobutane, perflisopent, perfluamine, perflubrodec, perflubron, perflubutane, perflunafene, perflutren
-perone — antianxiety agents/tranquillizers, neuroleptics, 4'-fluoro-4-piperidinobutyrophenone derivatives
edit(a) aceperone, amiperone, biriperone, carperone, cicarperone, cinuperone, cloroperone, declenperone, duoperone, fenaperone, fluspiperone, lenperone, melperone, metrenperone, milenperone, mindoperone, moperone, nonaperone, pipamperone, pirenperone, prideperone, primaperone, propyperone, roxoperone, setoperone, spiperone, timiperone
- closely related: azabuperone, azaperone, lodiperone, zoloperone
- -peridol antipsychotics, haloperidol derivatives: benperidol, bromperidol, clofluperol, droperidol, fluanisone, haloperidol, trifluperidol
- -peridone antipsychotics, risperidone derivatives: abaperidone, belaperidone, cloperidone, iloperidone, lusaperidone, ocaperidone, paliperidone, risperidone, tioperidone
(c) domperidone, etoperidone (antiemetic)
-pidem — hypnotics/sedatives, zolpidem derivatives
edit-pin — tricyclic compounds
edit(a) dosulepin
- -zepine:
- antidepressant/neuroleptic: dibenzepin, elanzepine, enprazepine, erizepine, mezepine, nuvenzepine, prazepine, propizepine, tilozepine
- tricyclic antiulcer: darenzepine, pirenzepine, siltenzepine, telenzepine, zolenzepine
- tricyclic anticonvulsant: carbamazepine, eslicarbazepine, etazepine, licarbazepine, oxcarbazepine, rispenzepine
- hyperthermia: amezepine
- -apine: psychoactive: amoxapine, asenapine, batelapine, clotiapine, clozapine, esmirtazapine, flumezapine, fluperlapine, loxapine, metiapine, mirtazapine, olanzapine, pentiapine, perlapine, quetiapine, rilapine, serazapine, tenilapine, zicronapine
- -cilpine: antiepileptic: dizocilpine
- -oxopine: traboxopine
- -sopine: adosopine
- -tepine: citatepine, clorotepine, damotepine, metitepine, tropatepine
(b) atromepine, noscapine, prozapine
(c) clobenzepam, homopipramol, opipramol
-plact — platelet factor 4 analogues and derivatives
edit-pladib — phospholipase A2 inhibitors
edit-planin — antibacterials (Actinoplanes strains)
edit-platin — antineoplastic agents, platinum derivatives
edit(a) carboplatin, cisplatin, dexormaplatin, enloplatin, eptaplatin, iproplatin, lobaplatin, miboplatin, miriplatin, nedaplatin, ormaplatin, oxaliplatin, picoplatin, satraplatin, sebriplatin, spiroplatin, triplatin tetranitrate, zeniplatin
-plon — imidazopyrimidine or pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives (non-benzodiazepines), used as anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics
edit-poetin — erythropoietin type blood factors
edit(a) darbepoetin alfa, epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, epoetin delta, epoetin gamma, epoetin epsilon, epoetin kappa, epoetin omega, epoetin theta, epoetin zeta
-porfin — benzoporphyrin derivatives
edit(a) exeporfinium chloride, lemuteporfin, padeliporfin, padoporfin, rostaporfin, stannsoporfin, talaporfin, temoporfin, verteporfin
-poride — Na+/H+ antiport inhibitors
edit-pramine — antidepressants, substances of the imipramine group
edit(a) saturated dibenzazepine: azipramine, carpipramine, cianopramine, ciclopramine, clocapramine, clomipramine, depramine, desipramine, imipramine, ketimipramine, lofepramine, lopramine (replaced by lofepramine), metapramine, mosapramine, quinupramine, tampramine, tienopramine, trimipramine, imipraminoxide
(c) unsaturated dibenzazepine: carbamazepine, homopipramol, opipramol
-prazole — antiulcer agents, benzimidazole derivatives
edit(a) cinprazole, dexlansoprazole, disuprazole, esaprazole, esomeprazole, fuprazole, ilaprazole, lansoprazole, leminoprazole, levolansoprazole, nepaprazole, nilprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, picoprazole, pumaprazole, rabeprazole, saviprazole, tenatoprazole, timoprazole, ufiprazole
-piprazole — psychotropics, phenylpiperazine derivatives
edit(a) aripiprazole, dapiprazole, elopiprazole, enpiprazole, lorpiprazole, mepiprazole, sonepiprazole, tolpiprazole
pred-, -pred-, -pred — prednisone and prednisolone derivatives
edit- (a) chloroprednisone, cloprednol, difluprednate, domoprednate, etiprednol dicloacetate, fluprednidene, fluprednisolone, halopredone, isoflupredone, isoprednidene, loteprednol, mazipredone, meprednisone, methylprednisolone, methylprednisolone aceponate, methylprednisolone suleptanate, oxisopred, prednazate, prednazoline, prednicarbate, prednimustine, prednisolamate, prednisolone, prednisolone steaglate, prednisone, prednylidene, tipredane
- (b) various non-steroidal compounds: citiolone (hepatobil. troubles), clorexolone (diuretic), fenozolone (psychotonic), tioxolone (keratolytic), vistatolon (antiviral)
- (c) -betasol: clobetasol, doxibetasol, ulobetasol
- (c) -methasone or -metasone: alclometasone, amelometasone, beclometasone, betamethasone, betamethasone acibutate, cormetasone, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, dexamethasone acefurate, dexamethasone cipecilate, flumetasone, halometasone, icometasone enbutate, mometasone, paramethasone
- (c) -olone: steroids (not prednisolone derivatives) not used as glucocorticosteroids: bardoxolone, clocortolone, descinolone, diflucortolone, fluclorolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone, halocortolone, rimexolone, triamcinolone, triamcinolone benetonide, triamcinolone furetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide
- (c) clobetasone, cloticasone, deprodone, dichlorisone, diflorasone, flunisolide, fluticasone, fluticasone furoate, meclorisone, timobesone
-olone
edit- general anesthetics, pregnanes: alfadolone, alfaxalone, eltanolone, ganaxolone, minaxolone, renanolone
- antihyperlipidaemic: colestolone
- glycyrrhetic acid derivatives: carbenoxolone, cicloxolone, cinoxolone, deloxolone, enoxolone, roxolonium metilsulfate
- cytostatics - sex hormones: drostanolone, trestolone
- androgens: androstanolone, drostanolone, mestanolone, metenolone, nandrolone, norethandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymetholone
- minimally androgenic/antiandrogenic androgens: oxendolone, mesterolone, rosterolone
- -bolone (see bol, anabolic steroids): formebolone, mesabolone, metribolone, oxabolone cipionate, quinbolone, roxibolone, stenbolone, tibolone, trenbolone
-pressin — vasoconstrictors, vasopressin derivatives
edit(a) argipressin, desmopressin, felypressin, lypressin, ornipressin, selepressin, terlipressin, vasopressin injection
-pride — sulpiride derivatives
edit(a) alizapride, alpiropride, amisulpride, batanopride, broclepride, cisapride, dazopride, denipride, etacepride, eticlopride, flubepride, nemonapride (previously emonapride), peralopride, prosulpride, prucalopride, sulmepride, sultopride, sulverapride, veralipride
- alepride, bromopride, cinitapride, cipropride, clebopride, dobupride, irolapride, isosulpride, itopride, lintopride, lirexapride, lorapride, mezacopride, mosapride, naronapride, pancopride, raclopride, remoxipride, renzapride, tiapride, ticalopride, tinisulpride, trazolopride, tropapride, zacopride
(b) glimepride
(c) levosulpiride, sulpiride
-pril — angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), antihypertensive agents
edit- (a) alacepril, benazepril, captopril, ceronapril, cilazapril, delapril, enalapril, fosinopril, idrapril, imidapril, indolapril, libenzapril, lisinopril, moexipril, moveltipril, orbutopril, pentopril, perindopril, pivopril, quinapril, ramipril, rentiapril, spirapril, temocapril, trandolapril, utibapril, zabicipril, zofenopril
-prilat — antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors) (diacid analogs of the -pril entity)
edit- (a) benazeprilat, cilazaprilat, enalaprilat, fosinoprilat, imidaprilat, moexiprilat, perindoprilat, quinaprilat, ramiprilat, spiraprilat, temocaprilat, trandolaprilat, utibaprilat, zabiciprilat, zofenoprilat
-prim — antibacterials, trimethoprim derivatives
edit(a) aditoprim, baquiloprim, brodimoprim, epiroprim, iclaprim, metioprim, ormetoprim, talmetoprim, tetroxoprim, trimethoprim, vaneprim
(c) diaveridine
-pris- — steroidal compounds acting on progesterone receptors (excluding -gest- compounds)
edit- - note: -prisnil selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM); -pristone progesterone receptor antagonists
(a) aglepristone, asoprisnil, asoprisnil ecamate, lilopristone, lonaprisan, mifepristone, onapristone, telapristone, toripristone, ulipristal
(c) epristeride, saprisartan, and the stem -pristin selected for antibacterials, pristinamycin derivatives
-pristin — antibacterials, pristinamycin derivatives
edit(a) dalfopristin, efepristin, flopristin, quinupristin, linopristin, volpristin
-profen — anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents, ibuprofen derivatives
edit(a) alminoprofen, araprofen, atliprofen, bakeprofen, benoxaprofen, bermoprofen, bifeprofen, carprofen, cicloprofen, cliprofen, dexibuprofen, dexindoprofen, dexketoprofen, esflurbiprofen, fenoprofen, flunoxaprofen, fluprofen, flurbiprofen, frabuprofen, furaprofen, furcloprofen, hexaprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen, isoprofen, ketoprofen, lobuprofen, lonaprofen, losmiprofen, loxoprofen, mabuprofen, mexoprofen, miroprofen, odalprofen, pelubiprofen, piketoprofen, pirprofen, pranoprofen, suprofen, tazeprofen, tetriprofen, tilnoprofen arbamel, tioxaprofen, vedaprofen, ximoprofen, zaltoprofen, zoliprofen
(b) aprofene (antispasm. coronary vasodilator), diprofene (antispasm. blood vessels)
(c) brofezil, protizinic acid, tiaprofenic acid
-prost-, -prost — prostaglandins
edit(a) alfaprostol, alprostadil, ataprost, beraprost, bimatoprost, butaprost, carboprost, cicaprost, ciprostene, clinprost, cloprostenol, cobiprostone, delprostenate, dimoxaprost, dinoprost, dinoprostone, doxaprost, ecraprost, eganoprost, enisoprost, epoprostenol, eptaloprost, etiproston, fenprostalene, flunoprost, fluprostenol, froxiprost, gemeprost, iloprost (originally ciloprost), lanproston, latanoprost, limaprost, lubiprostone, luprostiol, meteneprost, misoprostol, naxaprostene, nileprost, nocloprost, oxoprostol, penprostene, pimilprost, piriprost, posaraprost, prostalene, remiprostol, rivenprost, rosaprostol, sulprostone, taprostene, tiaprost, tafluprost, tilsuprost, tiprostanide, travoprost, treprostinil, unoprostone, vapiprost, viprostol
-prostil — prostaglandins, anti-ulcer
edit(a) arbaprostil, deprostil, enprostil, mexiprostil, ornoprostil, rioprostil, spiriprostil, trimoprostil
-quidar — drugs used in multidrug resistance (multidrug resistance inhibitors), quinoline derivatives
edit-quine — quinoline derivatives
edit(a) antimalarial: amodiaquine, amopyroquine, bulaquine, chloroquine, ferroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, moxipraquine, pamaquine, pentaquine, primaquine, quinocide, tafenoquine, tebuquine
- acequinoline, actinoquinol, aminoquinol, amquinate, amiquinsin, aminoquinuride, benzoxiquine, broquinaldol, buquineran, buquinolate, clamoxyquine, cletoquine, chlorquinaldol, cinoquidox, ciproquinate, clioquinol, cloquinate, cloxiquine, debrisoquine, decoquinate, diiodohydroxyquinoline, esproquine, flumequine, guanisoquine, hedaquinium chloride, intiquinatine, iquindamine, isotiquimide, leniquinsin, mebiquine, nequinate, nifuroquine, olaquindox, oxamniquine, peraquinsin, pirquinozol, proquinolate, quinaldine blue, quincarbate, quindecamine, quindoxin, quinetalate, quinfamide, quinisocaine, quinprenaline, quinuclium bromide, quipazine, sitamaquine, tilbroquinol, tiliquinol, tiquinamide, tiquizium bromide, toquizine, tretoquinol, viquidil
(c) broxaldine, cinchocaine, cinchophen, climiqualine, dehydroemetine, dequalinium chloride, dimethyltubocurarinium chloride, dimoxyline, drotaverine, ethaverine, euprocin, famotine, flucarbril, glafenine, laudexium metilsulfate, laurolinium acetate, memotine, metofoline, neocinchophen, niceverine, nitroxoline, noscapine, octaverine, oxolinic acid, oxycinchophen, pyrvinium chloride, trethinium tosilate, tritoqualine, tubocurarine chloride
-racetam — amide type nootropic agents, piracetam derivatives
edit(a) aloracetam, aniracetam, brivaracetam, cebaracetam, coluracetam, dimiracetam, doliracetam, dupracetam, etiracetam, fasoracetam, fonturacetam, imuracetam, levetiracetam, molracetam, nebracetam, nefiracetam, nicoracetam, oxiracetam, piracetam, pramiracetam, rolziracetam, seletracetam
- related: tenilsetam
-racil — uracil type antineoplastics
edit- (a) eniluracil, fluorouracil, gimeracil, oteracil
-thiouracil — uracil derivatives used as thyroid antagonists and as antineoplastics
edit-relin — pituitary (hypophyseal) prehormones/hormone-release stimulating peptides
edit- (a) LHRH/GNRH-release-stimulating peptides: avorelin, buserelin, deslorelin, gonadorelin, goserelin, histrelin, leuprorelin, lutrelin, nafarelin, peforelin, triptorelin
-morelin — growth hormone release-stimulating peptides
edit- (a) anamorelin, capromorelin, dumorelin, examorelin, ipamorelin, lenomorelin, macimorelin, pralmorelin, rismorelin, sermorelin, tabimorelin, tesamorelin, ulimorelin
- (c) somatorelin
-tirelin — thyrotropin releasing hormone analogues
edit- (a) azetirelin, fertirelin, montirelin, orotirelin, posatirelin, protirelin, ravatirelin, taltirelin
- other: corticorelin (diagnostic agent)
- (c) thyrotropin alfa (thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analog)
-relix — pituitary hormone-release inhibiting peptides
edit(a) abarelix, cetrorelix, degarelix, detirelix, ganirelix, iturelix, ozarelix, prazarelix, ramorelix, teverelix
-renone — aldosterone antagonists, spironolactone derivatives
edit(a) canrenoic acid and potassium canrenoate, canrenone, dicirenone, drospirenone, eplerenone, mespirenone, spirorenone
(b) bromchlorenone (antifungal), menatetrenone (antihemorrhagic), teprenone, ubidecarenone (in congestive heart failure)
(c) oxprenoate potassium, prorenoate potassium, spironolactone, spiroxasone
-retin-, -retin — retinol derivatives
edit(a) acitretin (previously etretin), alitretinoin, doretinel, etretinate, fenretinide, isotretinoin, motretinide, pelretin, peretinoin, retinol, tretinoin, tretinoin tocoferil
(b) noretynodrel, secretin, trethinium tosilate
-ribine — ribofuranyl-derivatives of the "pyrazofurin" type
edit(a) azaribine, cladribine, isatoribine, loxoribine, mizoribine, triciribine
(c) pirazofurin, ribavirin, riboprine, tiazofurine
- related: benaxibine
rifa- — antibiotics, rifamycin derivatives
edit(a) rifabutin, rifalazil, rifametane, rifamexil, rifamide, rifampicin, rifamycin, rifapentine, rifaximin (previously rifaxidine)
-rinone — cardiac stimulants (cardiotonics), amrinone derivatives
edit(a) amrinone, bemarinone, medorinone, milrinone, nanterinone, olprinone, pelrinone, saterinone, toborinone, vesnarinone
(b) gestrinone, indacrinone, taziprinone
-rozole — aromatase inhibitors, imidazole-triazole derivatives
edit(b) aminitrozole, sulfatrozole, tenonitrozole
-rsen — antisense oligonucleotides
edit- aganirsen, alicaforsen, anivamersen, aprinocarsen, beclanorsen, cenersen, custirsen, gataparsen, eteplirsen, mipomersen, oblimersen, trabedersen
-virsen — antivirals
edit-rubicin — antineoplastic antibiotics, daunorubicin derivatives
edit(a) aclarubicin, amrubicin, berubicin, carubicin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin (originally pidorubicin), esorubicin, galarubicin, idarubicin, ladirubicin, leurubicin, medorubicin, nemorubicin, pirarubicin, rodorubicin, sabarubicin, valrubicin, zorubicin
-sal-, -sal, or sal- — anti-inflammatory agents (salicylic acid derivatives)
edit(a) sal-: analgesic anti-inflammatory: choline salicylate, imidazole salicylate, salacetamide, salcolex, saletamide, salfluverine, salicylamide, salnacedin, salprotoside, salsalate, salverine
- various: salafibrate (antihyperlipidaemic), salantel (anthelmintic), salcaprozic acid (absorption promotor), salclobuzic acid (pharmaceutical aid), salinazid (antituberculosis agent), salirasib (antineoplastic)
- -sal: analgesic anti-inflammatory: detanosal, diflunisal, fendosal, flufenisal, fosfosal, guacetisal, guaimesal, parcetasal, pranosal, sulprosal, tenosal
- antithrombotic: flufosal
- various: antituberc.: fenamisal, thiomersal (disinfect.), triflusal (antithrombotic)
- -sal-: analgesic anti-inflammatory: acetaminosalol, carbasalate calcium, carsalam, etersalate, etosalamide, isalmadol, parsalmide, talosalate
- various: amotosalen, calcium benzamidosalicylate, homosalate (sunscreen agent), isalsteine (mucolytic), lasalocid (antibiotic (veterinary)), mersalyl (mercurial diuretic), octisalate (sunscreen), osalmid (choleretic), susalimod (immunomodulator), xenysalate (antiseborrheic)
- salazo-: phenylazosalicylic acid derivatives antibacterial: salazodine, salazosulfadimidine, salazosulfamide, salazosulfathiazole
- -salazine/-salazide: dersalazine, mesalazine, olsalazine, sulfasalazine, balsalazide, ipsalazide
- -salan: brominated salicylamide derivatives disinfectant: bensalan, dibromsalan, flusalan, fursalan, metabromsalan, tiosalan, tribromsalan
(b)
- non-salicylic acid derivatives: fosalvudine tidoxil, macrosalb (99mTc), rusalatide, trioxysalen (pigmenting agent)
- bronchodilators: levosalbutamol, salbutamol, salmefamol
(c)
- analgesic, anti-inflammatory: aloxiprin, anilamate, benorilate, brosotamide, cresotamide, dibusadol, dipyrocetyl, ethenzamide, fenamifuril, gentisic acid, hydroxytoluic acid, sodium gentisate, sodium glucaspaldrate
- various:
- 4-aminosalicylates of the -caine series: ambucaine, hydroxyprocaine, hydroxytetracaine, propoxycaine
- antihypertensives: labetalol
- antitussives: alloclamide, flualamide
- saluretics: xipamide (sulfamoyl derivative)
- mercurial diuretics: mercuderamide
- anthelmintics: bromoxanide, clioxanide, niclosamide, rafoxanide
- antifungals: buclosamide, exalamide, pentalamide
-sartan — angiotensin II receptor antagonists, antihypertensive (non-peptidic)
edit- abitesartan, azilsartan, azilsartan medoxomil, candesartan, elisartan, embusartan, eprosartan, fimasartan, forasartan, irbesartan, losartan, milfasartan, olmesartan, olmesartan medoxomil, pomisartan, pratosartan, ripisartan, saprisartan, tasosartan, telmisartan, valsartan, zolasartan
-semide — diuretics, furosemide derivatives
edit(a) azosemide, furosemide, galosemide, sulosemide, torasemide
-serod — serotonin receptor antagonists and partial agonists
edit(a) capeserod, piboserod, sulamserod, tegaserod
-serpine — derivatives of Rauwolfia alkaloids
edit(a) bietaserpine, mefeserpine, reserpine
(c) chloroserpidine, deserpidine, methoserpidine, metoserpate, rescimetol, rescinnamine, syrosingopine
-sertib — serine/threonine kinase inhibitors
edit- alisertib, barasertib, cenisertib, danusertib, delcasertib, pimasertib, silmitasertib, tozasertib, volasertib
-setron — serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3) not fitting into other established groups of serotonin receptor antagonists
edit(a) alosetron, azasetron, bemesetron, cilansetron, dolasetron, fabesetron, galdansetron, granisetron, indisetron, itasetron, lerisetron, lurosetron, mirisetron, ondansetron, palonosetron, ramosetron, ricasetron, tropisetron, zatosetron
som- — growth hormone (somatotropin) derivatives
edit(a) -bove: bovine type substances: somagrebove, somavubove, sometribove, somidobove
- -por: porcine-type substances: somalapor, somenopor, somfasepor, sometripor
- -salm: salmon-type substances: somatosalm
- thers: somatrem, somatropin, somatropin pegol
(b) somatorelin, somantadine, somatostatin
-spirone — anxiolytics, buspirone derivatives
edit(a) alnespirone, binospirone, buspirone, enilospirone, perospirone, revospirone, tandospirone, tiospirone, umespirone, zalospirone
(c) eptapirone, gepirone, ipsapirone
-stat, -stat- — enzyme inhibitors
edit-castat — dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitors
edit- (a) etamicastat, nepicastat
-elestat — elastase inhibitors
edit-inostat — histone deacetylase inhibitors
edit- (a) abexinostat, belinostat, dacinostat, entinostat, givinostat, mocetinostat, panobinostat, pracinostat, resminostat, tefinostat, vorinostat
-listat — gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors
edit- (a) cetilistat, orlistat
-mastat — matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors
edit-mostat — proteolytic enzyme inhibitors
edit- (a) camostat, nafamostat, patamostat, sepimostat, upamostat
- (c) aloxistatin, ulinastatin
-restat — aldose reductase inhibitors
edit- (a) alrestatin, epalrestat, fidarestat, imirestat, lidorestat, minalrestat, ponalrestat, ranirestat, risarestat, tolrestat, zenarestat, zopolrestat
various
edit- afegostat - β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitor
- apratastat - inhibition of TNF-α converting enzyme
- avagacestat - γ-secretase inhibitor
- azalanstat - lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitor
- begacestat - γ-secretase inhibitor
- benurestat - urease inhibitor
- cilastatin - renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor
- cobicistat - cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor
- conestat alfa - human plasma protease C1 inhibitor
- duvoglustat - Pompe's disease therapy
- eliglustat - glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor
- ezatiostat - glutathione-S-transferase inhibitor
- febuxostat - xanthine oxydase and xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor
- imetelstat - antineoplastic, telomerase inhibitor
- iofolastat (123I) - radiopharmaceutical
- irosustat - antineoplastic
- lapaquistat - squalene synthase inhibitor
- migalastat - α-galactosidase A enzyme inhibitor
- miglustat - glucosyltransferase inhibitor
- niraxostat - xanthine oxydase inhibitor
- nystatin - antifungal antibiotic
- pentostatin - vidarabin activity potentiator; inhibitor of enzymatic deaminative metabolism
- pepstatin - pepsin inhibitor
- semgacestat - γ-secretase inhibitor
- somatostatin - growth hormone release inhibiting factor
- talabostat - antineoplastic
- telotristat - tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor
- tendamistat - amylase inhibitor
- topiroxostat - xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor
- tosedostat - antineoplastic, aminopeptidase inhibitor
- vistatolon - antiviral antibiotic
- zinostatin - antineoplastic
- zinostatin stimalamer - -
-vastatin — antihyperlipidaemic substances, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
edit- (a) atorvastatin, bervastatin, cerivastatin, crilvastatin, dalvastatin, fluvastatin, glenvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pitavastatin (replaces itavastatin), pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin, tenivastatin
-steine — mucolytics, other than bromhexine derivatives (substances of the acetylcysteine group)
edit(a) acetylcysteine, bencisteine, carbocisteine, cartasteine, dacisteine, danosteine, erdosteine, fudosteine, guaisteine, isalsteine, letosteine, mecysteine, midesteine, moguisteine, nesosteine, omonasteine, prenisteine, salmisteine, taurosteine, telmesteine
-ster- — androgens/anabolic steroids
edit(a) -testosterone: cloxotestosterone, methyltestosterone, testosterone, testosterone ketolaurate
- -sterone: bolasterone, fluoxymesterone, oxymesterone, prasterone, tiomesterone
- -ster-: mesterolone, penmesterol, rosterolone
(b) progestational steroids:
- -sterone: dimethisterone, ethisterone, norethisterone, norvinisterone
- various: -sterone: aldosterone (corticosteroid), calusterone (antineoplastic)
- -sterol: azacosterol (hypocholesterolemic), dihydrotachysterol (antihypoparathyroid), iodocholesterol (131I)
- ster: nisterime (contraceptive agent), stercuronium iodide (neuromuscular blocking agent)
- -steride testosterone reductase inhibitors: bexlosteride, dutasteride, epristeride, finasteride, izonsteride, lapisteride, turosteride
-stigmine — acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine type)
edit(a) distigmine bromide, eptastigmine, ganstigmine, neostigmine bromide, pyridostigmine bromide, quilostigmine, rivastigmine, terestigmine
(c) eseridine
-stim — colony stimulating factors
edit- (a) ancestim (cell growth factor), garnocestim (immunomodulator), pegacaristim (megakaryocyte growth factor), romiplostim (platelet stimulating factor)
-distim — combination/conjugates of two different types of colony-stimulating factors
edit- (a) leridistim, milodistim
-gramostim — granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) types substances
edit-grastim — granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) type substances
edit-mostim — macrophage stimulating factors (M-CSF) type substances
edit- (a) cilmostim, lanimostim, mirimostim
-plestim — interleukin-3 analogues and derivatives, pleiotropic colony-stimulating factors
edit- (a) daniplestim, muplestim
sulfa- (or sulpha-) — anti-infectives, sulfonamides
edit(a) sulfabenz, sulfabenzamide, sulfacarbamide, sulfacecole, sulfacetamide, sulfachlorpyridazine, sulfachrysoidine, sulfacitine, sulfaclomide, sulfaclorazole, sulfaclozine, sulfadiasulfone sodium, sulfadiazine, sulfadiazine sodium, sulfadicramide, sulfadimethoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfadoxine, sulfaethidole, sulfafurazole, sulfaguanidine, sulfaguanole, sulfalene, sulfaloxic acid, sulfamazone, sulfamerazine, sulfamerazine sodium, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfametomidine, sulfametoxydiazine, sulfametrole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfamoxole, sulfanilamide, sulfanitran, sulfaperin, sulfaphenazole, sulfaproxyline, sulfapyrazole, sulfapyridine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfasalazine, sulfasomizole, sulfasuccinamide, sulfasymazine, sulfathiazole, sulfathiourea, sulfatolamide, sulfatroxazole, sulfatrozole
(b) galsulfase, idursulfase, sulfarsphenamine
(c) benzylsulfamide, glucosulfamide, maleylsulfathiazole, mesulfamide, nitrosulfathiazole, phthalylsulfamethizole, phthalylsulfathiazole, salazodine, salazosulfadimidine, salazosulfamide, salazosulfathiazole, stearylsulfamide, succinylsulfathiazole, sulfisomidine, vanyldisulfamide, mafenide (sulfonamide, but not sulfanilamide)
-sulfan — antineoplastic, alkylating agents, methanesulfonates
edit(a) busulfan, improsulfan, mannosulfan, piposulfan, ritrosulfan, treosulfan
-tadine — histamine-H1 receptor antagonists, tricyclic compounds, loratadine derivatives
edit(a) alcaftadine, azatadine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, loratadine, napactadine, olopatadine, rupatadine, vapitadine
(b) amantadine, carmantadine, rimantadine, somantadine, tromantadine (see -mantadine)
-tant — neurokinin (tachykinin) receptor antagonists
edit-pitant — neurokinin NK1 (substance P) receptor antagonist
edit- (a) aprepitant, befetupitant, burapitant, casopitant, dapitant, ezlopitant, figopitant, fosaprepitant, lanepitant, maropitant, netupitant, nolpitantium besilate, orvepitant, rolapitant, serlopitant, vestipitant, vofopitant
-dutant — neurokinin NK2 receptor antagonist
edit- (a) ibodutant, nepadutant, saredutant
-nertant — neurotensin antagonist
edit- (a) meclinertant (replaces reminertant)
-netant — neurokinin NK3 receptor antagonist
edit-tapide — microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors
edit-taxel — antineoplastics, taxane derivatives
edit- cabazitaxel, docetaxel, larotaxel, milataxel, ortataxel, paclitaxel, paclitaxel ceribate, paclitaxel poliglumex, simotaxel, tesetaxel
-tecan — antineoplastics, topoisomerase I inhibitors (camptothecine derivatives)
edit- afeletecan, atiratecan, belotecan, cositecan, delimotecan, diflomotecan, elemotecan, exatecan, exatecan alideximer, gimatecan, irinotecan, lurtotecan, mureletecan, namitecan, pegamotecan, rubitecan, tenifatecan, topotecan
-tepa — antineoplastics, thiotepa derivatives
edit(a) azatepa, pumitepa, thiotepa
-terol — bronchodilators, phenethylamine derivatives (previously -prenaline or -terenol unofficial)
edit(a) abediterol, amiterol, arformoterol, bitolterol, broxaterol, carmoterol, cimaterol, colterol, difeterol, etanterol, fenoterol, formoterol, imoxiterol, indacaterol, milveterol, naminterol, nardeterol, olodaterol, picumeterol, procaterol, reproterol, rimiterol, salmeterol, sulfonterol, vilanterol, zilpaterol, zinterol
- -buterol: bambuterol, carbuterol, clenbuterol, divabuterol, flerobuterol, ibuterol, mabuterol, nisbuterol, pirbuterol, tobuterol, tulobuterol
- cardiac stimulants: metaterol, prenalterol, xamoterol
- previously -prenaline or -terenol: clorprenaline, hexoprenaline, isoprenaline, levisoprenaline, metiprenaline, orciprenaline, quinprenaline
(b) azacosterol, dihydrotachysterol, penmesterol
(c) dioxethedrine, isoetarine, methoxyphenamine, pseudoephedrine, salbutamol, salmefamol, terbutaline
-terone — antiandrogens
edit(a) abiraterone, benorterone, cyproterone, delanterone, galeterone, inocoterone, osaterone, topterone, zanoterone
(b) clometerone (antiestrogen)
(c) cioteronel, orteronel, oxendolone, rosterolone
-tiazem — calcium channel blockers, diltiazem derivatives
edit-tide — peptides and glycopeptides (for special groups of peptides see -actide, - pressin, -relin, -tocin)
edit- analgesic: leconotide, ziconotide
- angiogenesis inhibitor: cilengitide
- angiotensin convers. inhibitor: teprotide
- anti-inflammatory: icrocaptide
- antianaemic: peginesatide
- antiarrythmic: danegaptide, rotigaptide
- antidepressant: nemifitide
- antidiabetic: amlintide, davalintide, exenatide, lixisenatide, pramlintide, seglitide
- antidiarrhoeal: lagatide
- antithrombotic: eptifibatide
- antiviral: enfuvirtide, tifuvirtide
- autoimmune disorders: dirucotide
- atrial natriuretic factor type substance: anaritide, cenderitide, neseritide, ularitide
- cardiac stimulant: carperitide
- diagnostic: betiatide, bibapcitide, ceruletide, depreotide, fluciclatide (18F), maraciclatide, mertiatide, pendetide, technetium (99mTc) apcitide, teriparatide
- expectorant (in cystic fibrosis): lancovutide
- gastro-intestinal bleeding/antineoplastic: edotreotide, ilatreotide, lanreotide, octreotide, pentetreotide, vapreotide
- gastrointestinal functions normalizing agent: linaclotide, plecanatide
- growth stimulant-veterinary: nosiheptide
- gut motility increasing: ociltide
- hormone analogue: semparatide
- immunological agents - antineoplastic: almurtide, delmitide, edratide, goralatide, mifamurtide, murabutide, pentigetide, pimelautide, prezatide copper acetate, rolipoltide, romurtide, tabilautide, temurtide, tigapotide
- inhibition of growth hormone release: pasireotide
- kallicrein inhibitor: ecallantide
- melanocortin receptor agonist: afamelanotide, bremelanotide
- neuromodulator: davunetide, ebiratide, obinepitide
- peptic ulcer: sulglicotide, triletide
- pulmonary surfactant: lusupultide, sinapultide
- sedative: emideltide
- thrombin fragment: rusalatide
- transforming growth factor inhibitor: disitertide
- treatment of Alzheimer's disease: vanutide cridificar
- treatment of Parkinson's disease: doreptide, pareptide
- treatment of coeliac disease: larazotide
-glutide Glucagon-like Peptide (GLP) analogues
-motide immunological agents for active immunization
(b) defibrotide (nucleotide), diamfenetide (fasciolicide), diclometide (behaviour modificator), fludroxycortide, glisentide
(c) angiotensin II, angiotensinamide
-tidine — histamine-H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine derivatives
edit(a) bisfentidine, cimetidine, dalcotidine, donetidine, ebrotidine, etintidine, famotidine, lafutidine, lamtidine, lavoltidine (previously loxtidine), lupitidine, mifentidine, niperotidine, nizatidine, osutidine, oxmetidine, pibutidine, quisultidine (replaced by quisultazine), ramixotidine, ranitidine, roxatidine, sufotidine, tiotidine, tuvatidine, venritidine, zaltidine
(b) azacitidine (antineoplastic), benzethidine, furethidine, guanethidine, hexetidine, hydroxypethidine, pethidine, propinetidine
(c) metiamide
-tinib — tyrosine kinase inhibitors
edit(a) afatinib, amuvatinib, axitinib, bafetinib, bosutinib, cabozantinib, canertinib, crizotinib, dacomitinib, dasatinib, dovitinib, erlotinib, foretinib, fostamatinib, gefitinib, imatinib, lapatinib, lenvatinib, lestaurtinib, linsitinib, masitinib, mubritinib, neratinib, nilotinib, oclacitinib, orantinib, pacritinib, pelitinib, ponatinib, quizartinib, radotinib, ruxolitinib, saracatinib, selumetinib, sunitinib, tandutinib, telatinib, tivantinib, tofacitinib, trametinib, varlitinib
-tizide — diuretics, chlorothiazide derivatives (thiazide derivatives)
edit(a) altizide, bemetizide, butizide, carmetizide, epitizide, hydrobentizide, mebutizide, paraflutizide, penflutizide, sumetizide
(c) bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, chlorothiazide, cyclopenthiazide, cyclothiazide, disulfamide, ethiazide, flumethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, polythiazide, teclothiazide, trichlormethiazide
-tocin — oxytocin derivatives
edit(a) argiprestocin, aspartocin, carbetocin, cargutocin, demoxytocin, nacartocin, oxytocin
-toin — antiepileptics, hydantoin derivatives
edit(a) albutoin, doxenitoin, ethotoin, fosphenytoin, imepitoin, mephenytoin, metetoin, phenytoin
(b) clodantoin (antifungal), nitrofurantoin (antibacterial)
-trexate — folic acid analogues (antimetabolites)
edit(a) edatrexate, ketotrexate, methotrexate, pralatrexate, trimetrexate
-trexed — antineoplastics, thymidylate synthetase inhibitors
edit-tricin — antibiotics, polyene derivatives
edit(a) mepartricin, partricin
(b) tyrothricin
(c) amphotericin B, candicidin, filipin, hachimycin, hamycin, levorin, mocimycin, natamycin, nystatin, pecilocin
-tril, -trilat — endopeptidase inhibitors
edit- -dotril: dexecadotril, ecadotril, fasidotril, racecadotril
- -lutril: daglutril
- -patril/-patrilat: gemopatrilat, ilepatril, omapatrilat, sampatrilat
-triptan — serotonin (5-HT1) receptor agonists, sumatriptan derivatives (antimigraine agents)
edit(a) almotriptan, avitriptan, donitriptan, eletriptan, frovatriptan, naratriptan, oxitriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan
(c) alniditan
-triptyline — antidepressants, dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptane or cyclopheptene derivatives
edit(a) amitriptyline, butriptyline, cotriptyline, intriptyline, nortriptyline, octriptyline, protriptyline, amitriptylinoxide, demexiptiline, levoprotiline, noxiptiline, oxaprotiline, setiptiline
(b) oxitriptyline (anticonvulsant)
(c) hepzidine
-troban — thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists, antithrombotic agents
edit- argatroban, daltroban, domitroban, ifetroban, linotroban, mipitroban, ramatroban, sulotroban, terutroban
trop-, -trop- — atropine derivatives
edit(a) parasympatholytic/anticholinergic:
- tertiary amines: atropine oxyde, benzatropine, decitropine, etybenzatropine, eucatropine, tropatepine, tropicamide, tropigline, tropodifene
- closely related: esbatropate
- quaternary ammonium salts: atropine methonitrate, butropium bromide, ciclotropium bromide, cimetropium bromide, darotropium bromide, flutropium bromide, homatropine methylbromide, ipratropium bromide, octatropine methylbromide, oxitropium bromide, phenactropinium chloride, ritropirronium bromide, sevitropium mesilate, sintropium bromide, sultroponium, tematropium metilsulfate, tiotropium bromide, tipetropium bromide, tropenziline bromide, xenytropium bromide
- various: clobenztropine (antihistaminic), cyheptropine (antiarrhythmic), deptropine (antiasthmatic), revatropate (bronchodilator), tropabazate (tranquillizer), tropanserin (serotonin receptor antagonist), tropapride (antipsychotic), tropirine (respiratory disorders), tropantiol (chelating agent), tropisetron (serotonin antagonist)
(b) dextropropoxyphene, somatropin, somatropin pegol, varfollitropin alfa
(c) parasympatholytic/anticholinergic:
- various: zepastine (antihistaminic)
-uridine — uridine derivatives used as antiviral agents and as antineoplastics
edit-vudine — antineoplastics, antivirals (zidovudine type))
edit- (a) alovudine, brivudine, clevudine, epervudine, fosalvudine tidoxil, fozivudine tidoxil, lamivudine, netivudine, sorivudine, stavudine, telbivudine, zidovudine
- (c) edoxudine
-vaptan — vasopressin receptor antagonists
edit(a) conivaptan, lixivaptan, mozavaptan, nelivaptan, relcovaptan, satavaptan, tolvaptan
-verine — spasmolytic agents with a papaverine-like action (papaverine-type)
edit(a) alverine, amifloverine, bietamiverine, butaverine, camiverine, caroverine, clofeverine, demelverine, denaverine, dexsecoverine, dicycloverine, dihexyverine, dipiproverine, diproteverine, drotaverine, elziverine, ethaverine, febuverine, fenoverine, floverine, heptaverine, ibuverine, idaverine, mebeverine, milverine, mofloverine, moxaverine, nafiverine, niceverine, octaverine, pargeverine, pentoxyverine, pramiverine, prenoverine, propiverine, rociverine, salfluverine, salverine, secoverine, temiverine, zardaverine
- related: fenpiverinium bromide, pinaverium bromide
(b) cinnamaverine (anticholinergic, tertiary amine), diaveridine
(c) spasmolytics chemically related to some of the above: butetamate, butinoline, camylofin, cinnamedrine, cyclandelate, difemerine, diisopromin, dimoxylin, fenpiprane, fenyramidol, metindizate, oxybutynin, papaveroline, pentapiperide, prozapine, triclazate, tropenziline bromide
vin-, -vin- — vinca alkaloids
edit(a) stimulation of cerebrovascular circulation: apovincamine, brovincamine, vinburnine, vincamine, vincanol, vincantril, vinconate, vindeburnol, vinmegallate, vinpocetine, vinpoline, vintoperol
- cytostatic: vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinepidine, vinflunine, vinformide, vinfosiltine, vinglycinate, vinleucinol, vinleurosine, vinorelbine, vinrosidine, vintriptol, vinzolidine
(b) barbiturates: vinbarbital, vinylbital
-vir, -vir-, or vir- — antivirals (undefined group)
edit(a) alisporivir, alvircept sudotox, amdoxovir, amenamevir, amitivir, atevirdine, balapiravir, bevirimat, daclatasvir, delavirdine, denotivir, dolutegravir, efavirenz, elvitegravir, enfuvirtide, enviradene, enviroxime, favipiravir, filibuvir, letermovir, litomeglovir, loviride, maribavir, nesbuvir, nevirapine, opaviraline, pirodavir, raltegravir, ribavirin, rupintrivir, taribavirin, talviraline, tecovirimat, tegobuvir, tifuvirtide, tivirapine, tomeglovir, trovirdine, umifenovir, viroxime, zinviroxime
- -amivir neuraminidase inhibitors: laninamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir
- -ciclovir bicyclic heterocycle compounds: aciclovir, buciclovir, desciclovir, detiviciclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, lagociclovir, lagociclovir valactate, omaciclovir, penciclovir, rociclovir, tiviciclovir, valaciclovir, valganciclovir, valomaciclovir
- -fovir phosphonic acid derivatives: adefovir, alamifovir, besifovir, cidofovir, pradefovir, tenofovir
- -gosivir glucoside inhibitors: celgosivir
- -navir HIV protease inhibitors: amprenavir, atazanavir, brecanavir, darunavir, droxinavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lasinavir, lopinavir, mozenavir, nelfinavir, palinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telinavir, tipranavir
- -previr Hepatitis Virus C (HVC) protease inhibitors: asunaprevir, boceprevir, ciluprevir, danoprevir, narlaprevir, simaprevir, telaprevir, vaniprevir
- -virine Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI): capravirine, dapivirine, emivirine, etravirine, fosdevirine, lersivirine, rilpivirine
- -viroc CCR5 (Chemokine CC motif receptor 5) receptor antagonists: ancriviroc, aplaviroc, cenicriviroc, maraviroc, vicriviroc
- -virumab see mab
(b) virginiamycin, viridofulvin
(c) aranotin, arildone, avridine, didanosine, disoxaril, dimepranol, foscarnet sodium, fosfonet sodium, ketoxal, impacarzine, inosine, lodenosine, metisazone, moroxydine, pleconaril, tilorone, xenazoic acid
-xaban — blood coagulation factor XA inhibitors, antithrombotics
edit(a) apixaban, betrixaban, darexaban, edoxaban, eribaxaban, fidexaban, letaxaban, otamixaban, razaxaban, rivaroxaban
-zafone — alozafone derivatives
edit(a) alozafone, avizafone, ciprazafone, dinazafone, dulozafone, lorzafone, oxazafone, rilmazafone