Wikipedia

User:The-tiddler/sandbox

For other uses, see User:The-tiddler/sandbox (disambiguation).

Dr
Richard Calder
Blair in January 2014
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office
2 May 1997 – 27 June 2007
MonarchElizabeth II
DeputyJohn Prescott
Preceded byJohn Major
Succeeded byGordon Brown
Leader of the Opposition
In office
21 July 1994 – 2 May 1997
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterJohn Major
Preceded byMargaret Beckett
Succeeded byJohn Major
Leader of the Labour Party
In office
21 July 1994 – 24 June 2007
DeputyJohn Prescott
Preceded byJohn Smith
Succeeded byGordon Brown
Shadow Home Secretary
In office
24 July 1992 – 24 October 1994
LeaderJohn Smith
Preceded byRoy Hattersley
Succeeded byJack Straw
Shadow Secretary of State for Employment
In office
2 November 1989 – 24 July 1992
LeaderNeil Kinnock
Preceded byMichael Meacher
Succeeded byFrank Dobson
Shadow Secretary of State for Energy
In office
23 November 1988 – 2 November 1989
LeaderNeil Kinnock
Preceded byJohn Prescott
Succeeded byFrank Dobson
Member of Parliament
for Sedgefield
In office
9 June 1983 – 27 June 2007
Preceded byDavid Reed[a]
Succeeded byPhil Wilson
Personal details
Born
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair

(1953-05-06) 6 May 1953 (age 70)
Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
Political partyLabour
Spouse
​
(m. 1980)​
ChildrenEuan
Nicky
Kathryn
Leo
Alma materSt John's College, Oxford
Inns of Court School of Law
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
a. ^ Electorate abolished 28 February 1974, and reconstituted 8 June 1983.

Richard James Calder (born 4 January 1976) is a Welsh bachelor, who

Early life edit

Calder was born in Neath, Wales, on 4 January 1976, the first son of DAD and MUM (née Maiden).

Calder has one younger sister, ...

Education edit

After attending SCHOOL in ? from ? to ? , Calder did X

After Fettes, Blair spent a year in London, where he attempted to find fame as a rock music promoter before reading jurisprudence at St John's College, Oxford.[1] As a student, he played guitar and sang in a rock band called Ugly Rumours. During this time, he dated future American Psycho director Mary Harron.[2]

He was influenced by fellow students X

Early scientific career, 200x-x edit

Calder did X


Leader of the Opposition (1994–97) edit

John Smith died suddenly in 1994 of a heart attack. Blair beat John Prescott and Margaret Beckett in the subsequent leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition.[3] As is customary for the holder of that office, Blair was appointed a Privy Councillor.[4]

Blair announced at the end of his speech at the 1994 Labour Party conference that he intended to replace Clause IV of the party's constitution with a new statement of aims and values.[3] This involved the deletion of the party's stated commitment to "the common ownership of the means of production and exchange", which was widely interpreted as referring to wholesale nationalisation.[3][5] At a special conference in April 1995, the clause was replaced by a statement that the party is 'democratic socialist'.[5]

He inherited the Labour leadership at a time when the party was ascendant over the Tories in the opinion polls since the Tory government's reputation for monetary excellence was left in tatters by the Black Wednesday economic disaster of September 1992. Blair's election as leader saw Labour support surge higher still[6] in spite of the continuing economic recovery and fall in unemployment that the Conservative government (led by John Major) had overseen since the end of the 1990–92 recession.[6]

At the 1996 Labour Party conference, Blair stated that his three top priorities on coming to office were "education, education, and education".[7]

Aided by the unpopularity of John Major's Conservative government (itself deeply divided over the European Union), "New Labour" won a landslide victory in the 1997 general election, ending 18 years of Conservative Party government, with the heaviest Conservative defeat since 1832.[citation needed]

During Smith's leadership of the Labour Party, there were discussions with Paddy Ashdown, the leader of the Liberal Democrats, about forming a coalition government if the next general election resulted in a hung parliament. After Blair became leader, these talks continued – despite virtually every opinion poll since late 1992 having shown Labour with enough support to form a majority. However, the scale of the Labour victory meant that there was ultimately never any need for a coalition.[8]

Prime Minister (1997–2007) edit

Main article: Premiership of Tony Blair

Blair became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on 2 May 1997, serving concurrently as First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Labour Party. The 43-year old Blair became the youngest person to become Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool became Prime Minister at the age of 42 in 1812.[9] With victories in 1997, 2001, and 2005, Blair was the Labour Party's longest-serving prime minister, the only person to lead the party to three consecutive general election victories.

Northern Ireland edit

 
Blair addressing a crowd in Armagh in 1998

His contribution towards assisting the Northern Ireland Peace Process by helping to negotiate the Good Friday Agreement (after 30 years of conflict) was widely recognised.[10][11] Following the Omagh Bombing on 15 August 1998, by members of the Real IRA opposed to the peace process, which killed 29 people and wounded hundreds, Blair visited the County Tyrone town and met with victims at Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast.[12]

Military intervention and the War on Terror edit

In his first six years in office Blair ordered British troops into battle five times, more than any other prime minister in British history. This included Iraq in both 1998 and 2003, Kosovo (1999), Sierra Leone (2000) and Afghanistan (2001).[13]

The Kosovo War, which Blair had advocated on moral grounds, was initially a failure when it relied solely on air strikes; the threat of a ground offensive would convince Serbia's Slobodan Milošević to withdraw. Blair had been a major advocate for a ground offensive, which Bill Clinton was reluctant to do, and would order that 50,000 soldiers – most of the available British Army – should be made ready for action.[14] The following year, the limited Operation Palliser in Sierra Leone would swiftly swing the tide against the rebel forces; before deployment, the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone had been on the verge of collapse.[15] Palliser had been intended as an evacuation mission but Brigadier David Richards (now General Sir) was able to convince Blair to allow him to expand the role; at the time, Richards' action was not known and Blair was assumed to be behind it.[16] Blair also ordered Operation Barras, a highly successful SAS/Parachute Regiment strike to rescue hostages from a Sierra Leone rebel group.[17] Historian Andrew Marr has argued that the success of ground attacks, real and threatened, over air strikes alone would be influential on how Blair planned the Iraq War, and that the success of the first three wars Blair fought "played to his sense of himself as a moral war leader".[18] When asked in 2010 if the success of Palliser may have "embolden[ed] British politicians" to think of military action as a policy option, General Sir David Richards would admit there "might be something in that".[16]

 
Tony Blair and George W. Bush shake hands after their press conference in the East Room of the White House on 12 November 2004.

From the start of the War on Terror in 2001, Blair strongly supported the foreign policy of George W. Bush, participating in the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq. The invasion of Iraq was particularly controversial, as it attracted widespread public opposition and 139 of Blair's MPs opposed it.[19] As a result, he faced criticism over the policy itself and the circumstances in which it was decided upon. Alastair Campbell described Blair's statement that the intelligence on WMDs was "beyond doubt" as his "assessment of the assessment that was given to him."[20] In 2009, Blair stated that he would have supported removing Saddam Hussein from power even in the face of proof that he had no such weapons.[21] Playwright Harold Pinter and former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad accused Blair of war crimes.[22][23] Testifying before the Iraq Inquiry on 29 January 2010, Blair said Saddam was a "monster and I believe he threatened not just the region but the world."[24] Blair said that British and American attitude towards Saddam Hussein had "changed dramatically" after 11 September attacks. Blair denied that he would have supported the invasion of Iraq even if he had thought Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction. He said he believed the world was safer as a result of the invasion.[25] He also said that there was "no real difference between wanting regime change and wanting Iraq to disarm: regime change was US policy because Iraq was in breach of its UN obligations."[26] In an October 2015 CNN interview with Fareed Zakaria, Blair apologised for his 'mistakes' over Iraq War and admitted there were 'elements of truth' to the view that the invasion helped promote the rise of ISIS.[27]

Relationship with Parliament edit

One of his first acts as Prime Minister was to replace the then twice-weekly 15-minute sessions of Prime minister's questions held on Tuesdays and Thursdays with a single 30-minute session on Wednesdays. In addition to PMQs, Blair held monthly press conferences at which he fielded questions from journalists[28][29] and – from 2002 – broke precedent by agreeing to give evidence twice yearly before the most senior Commons select committee, the Liaison Committee.[30] Blair was sometimes perceived as paying insufficient attention both to the views of his own Cabinet colleagues and to those of the House of Commons.[31] His style was sometimes criticised as not that of a prime minister and head of government, which he was, but of a president and head of state—which he was not.[32] Blair was accused of excessive reliance on spin.[33][34] He is the first British Prime Minister to have been formally questioned by police, though not under caution, while still in office.[35]

Events before resignation edit

As the casualties of the Iraq War mounted, Blair was accused of misleading Parliament,[36][37] and his popularity dropped dramatically.[38][39] The Labour party's overall majority in the 2005 general election was reduced to 66. As a combined result of the Blair–Brown pact, Iraq war and low approval ratings, pressure built up within the Labour party for Blair to resign.[40][41] Over the summer of 2006 many MPs, including usually supportive MPs, criticised Blair for his failure to call for a ceasefire in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.[42] On 7 September 2006, Blair publicly stated he would step down as party leader by the time of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) conference held 10–13 September 2007,[43] having promised to serve a full term during the previous general election campaign. On 10 May 2007, during a speech at the Trimdon Labour Club, Blair announced his intention to resign as Labour Party leader and Prime Minister.

At a special party conference in Manchester on 24 June 2007, he formally handed over the leadership of the Labour Party to Gordon Brown, who had been Chancellor of the Exchequer.[44] Blair tendered his resignation on 27 June 2007 and Brown assumed office the same afternoon. Blair also resigned his seat in the House of Commons in the traditional form of accepting the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds, to which he was appointed by Gordon Brown in one of the latter's last acts as Chancellor of the Exchequer.[45] The resulting Sedgefield by-election was won by Labour's candidate, Phil Wilson. Blair decided not to issue a list of Resignation Honours, making him the first Prime Minister of the modern era not to do so.[46]

Policies edit

Further information: Premiership of Tony Blair

Social reforms edit

In 2001, Blair said, "We are a left of centre party, pursuing economic prosperity and social justice as partners and not as opposites".[47] Blair has rarely applied such labels to himself, but he promised before the 1997 election that New Labour would govern "from the radical centre", and according to one lifelong Labour Party member, has always described himself as a social democrat.[48] However, at least one left-wing commentator has said that Blair is to the right of centre.[49] A YouGov opinion poll in 2005 also found that a small majority of British voters, including many New Labour supporters, place Blair on the right of the political spectrum.[50][51] The Financial Times on the other hand has argued that Blair is not conservative, but instead a populist.[52]

Critics and admirers tend to agree that Blair's electoral success was based on his ability to occupy the centre ground and appeal to voters across the political spectrum, to the extent that he has been fundamentally at odds with traditional Labour Party values.[53] Some left-wing critics have argued that Blair has overseen the final stage of a long term shift of the Labour Party to the right, and that very little now remains of a Labour Left.[54][55] There is also evidence that Blair's long term dominance of the centre has forced his Conservative opponents to shift a long distance to the left, in order to challenge his hegemony there.[56][57]

During his time as prime minister, Blair raised taxes; introduced a National Minimum Wage and some new employment rights (while keeping Margaret Thatcher's trade union reforms[58]); introduced significant constitutional reforms; promoted new rights for gay people in the Civil Partnership Act 2004; and signed treaties integrating Britain more closely with the EU. He introduced substantial market-based reforms in the education and health sectors; introduced student tuition fees; sought to reduce certain categories of welfare payments, and introduced tough anti-terrorism and identity card legislation. Under Blair's government the amount of new legislation increased[59] which attracted criticism.[60] Blair increased police powers by adding to the number of arrestable offences, compulsory DNA recording and the use of dispersal orders.[61]

Environmental record edit

Blair has criticised other governments for not doing enough to solve global climate change. In a 1997 visit to the United States, he made a comment on "great industrialised nations" that fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Again in 2003, Blair went before the United States Congress and said that climate change "cannot be ignored", insisting "we need to go beyond even Kyoto."[62] Blair and his party promised a 20% reduction in carbon dioxide.[63] The Labour Party also claimed that by 2010 10% of the energy would come from renewable resources; however, it only reached 7% by that point.[64]

In 2000 Blair "flagged up" 100 million euros for green policies and urged environmentalists and businesses to work together.[65]

Foreign policy edit

 
Jacques Chirac, George W. Bush, Tony Blair and Silvio Berlusconi during the G8 Summit in Évian, June 2003

Blair built his foreign policy on basic principles (close ties with US and EU) and added a new activist philosophy of 'interventionism'.[66] In 2001 Britain joined the US in the global war on terror.[67]

Blair forged friendships with several European leaders, including Silvio Berlusconi of Italy,[68] Angela Merkel of Germany[69] and later Nicolas Sarkozy of France.[70]

 
Blair meets with U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, March 2005.

Along with enjoying a close relationship with Bill Clinton, Blair formed a strong political alliance with George W. Bush, particularly in the area of foreign policy. For his part, Bush lauded Blair and the UK. In his post-9/11 speech, for example, he stated that "America has no truer friend than Great Britain".[71]

The alliance between Bush and Blair seriously damaged Blair's standing in the eyes of Britons angry at American influence.[72] Blair argued it is in Britain's interest to "protect and strengthen the bond" with the United States regardless of who is in the White House.[73] However, a perception of one-sided compromising personal and political closeness led to discussion of the term "Poodle-ism" in the UK media, to describe the "Special Relationship" of the UK government and Prime Minister with the US White House and President.[74] A revealing conversation between Bush and Blair, with the former addressing the latter as "Yo [or Yeah], Blair" was recorded when they did not know a microphone was live at the G8 summit in Saint Petersburg in 2006.[75]

Middle East policy and links with Israel edit

Blair showed a deep feeling for Israel, born in part from his faith.[76] Blair has been a longtime member of the pro-Israel lobby group Labour Friends of Israel.[77]

In 1994, Blair forged close ties with Michael Levy, a leader of the Jewish Leadership Council.[78] Levy ran the Labour Leader's Office Fund to finance Blair's campaign before the 1997 election and raised £12 million towards Labour’s landslide victory, Levy was rewarded with a peerage, and in 2002, Blair appointed Lord Levy as his personal envoy to the Middle East. Levy praised Blair for his "solid and committed support of the State of Israel".[79] Tam Dalyell, while Father of the House of Commons, suggested in 2003 that Blair's foreign policy decisions were unduly influenced by a 'cabal' of Jewish advisers, including Levy, Peter Mandelson and Jack Straw (the last two are not Jewish but have some Jewish ancestry).[80]

Blair, on coming to office, had been "cool towards the right-wing Netanyahu government".[81] During his first visit to Israel, Blair thought the Israelis bugged him in his car.[82] After the election in 1999 of Ehud Barak, with whom Blair forged a close relationship, he became much more sympathetic to Israel.[81] From 2001 Blair also built up a relationship with Barak's successor, Ariel Sharon, and responded positively to Arafat, whom he had met thirteen times since becoming prime minister and regarded as essential to future negotiations.[81] In 2004, 50 former diplomats, including ambassadors to Baghdad and Tel Aviv, stated they had 'watched with deepening concern' at Britain following the US into war in Iraq in 2003. They criticised Blair's support for the road map for peace which included the retaining of Israeli settlements on the West Bank.[83]

In 2006 Blair was criticised for his failure to immediately call for a ceasefire in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. The Observer newspaper claimed that at a cabinet meeting before Blair left for a summit with Bush on 28 July 2006, a significant number of ministers pressured Blair to publicly criticise Israel over the scale of deaths and destruction in Lebanon.[84] Blair was criticised for his solid stance alongside US President George W. Bush on Middle East policy.[85]

Syria and Libya edit

A Freedom of Information request by The Sunday Times in 2012 revealed that Blair's government considered knighting Syria's President Bashar al-Assad. The documents also showed that Blair was willing to appear alongside Assad at a joint press conference even though the Syrians would probably have settled for a farewell handshake for the cameras; British officials sought to manipulate the media to portray Assad in a favourable light; and Blair's aides tried to help Assad's "photogenic" wife boost her profile. The newspaper noted:

The Arab leader was granted audiences with the Queen and the Prince of Wales, lunch with Blair at Downing Street, a platform in parliament and many other privileges. . . . The red carpet treatment he and his entourage received is embarrassing given the bloodbath that has since taken place under his rule in Syria. . . . The courtship has parallels with Blair's friendly relations with Muammar Gaddafi.[86]

Blair had been on friendly terms with Colonel Gaddafi, the leader of Libya, when sanctions imposed on the country were lifted by United States and United Kingdom.[87][88] Even after the Libyan Civil War in 2011, he said he had no regrets about his close relationship with the late Libyan leader.[89] During Blair's premiership, MI6 rendered Abdel Hakim Belhaj to the Gaddafi regime in 2004, though Blair later claimed he had "no recollection" of the incident.[90]

Relationship with media edit

Rupert Murdoch edit

Blair was reported to have been supported by Rupert Murdoch, the founder of the News Corporation organisation.[91] In 1995, while leader of the Opposition, Blair disclosed in the Commons register of interests that he was a guest of Murdoch when he flew to meet him in Hayman Island.[92] In 2011 Blair became Godfather to one of Rupert Murdoch's children. Apparently Blair was 'robed in white for the ceremony'.[93] However, Murdoch later ended his long-standing relationship with Blair in 2014, after suspecting him of having an affair with his then wife Wendi Deng.[94]

Contacts with UK media proprietors edit

A Cabinet Office freedom of information response, released the day after Blair handed over power to Gordon Brown, documents Blair having various official phone calls and meetings with Rupert Murdoch of News Corporation and Richard Desmond of Northern and Shell Media.[95]

The response includes contacts "clearly of an official nature" in the specified period, but excludes contacts "not clearly of an official nature."[96] No details were given of the subjects discussed. In the period between September 2002 and April 2005, Blair and Murdoch are documented speaking 6 times; three times in the 9 days before the Iraq war, including the eve of 20 March US and UK invasion, and on 29 January 25 April and 3 October 2004. Between January 2003 and February 2004, Blair had three meetings with Richard Desmond; on 29 January and 3 September 2003 and 23 February 2004.[97][98]

The information was disclosed after a three and a half year battle by the Liberal Democrats' Lord Avebury.[95] Lord Avebury's initial October 2003 information request was dismissed by then leader of the Lords, Baroness Amos.[95] A following complaint was rejected, with Downing Street claiming the information compromised free and frank discussions, while Cabinet Office claimed releasing the timing of the PM's contacts with individuals is undesirable, as it might lead to the content of the discussions being disclosed.[95] While awaiting a following appeal from Lord Avebury, the cabinet office announced that it would release the information. Lord Avebury said: "The public can now scrutinise the timing of his (Murdoch's) contacts with the former Prime Minister, to see whether they can be linked to events in the outside world."[95]

Blair appeared before the Leveson Inquiry on Monday 28 May 2012.[99] During his appearance, a protester, later named as David Lawley-Wakelin, got into the court-room and claimed he was guilty of war crimes before being dragged out.[100]

Media portrayal edit

Blair has been noted as a charismatic, articulate speaker with an informal style.[3] Film and theatre director Richard Eyre opined that "Blair had a very considerable skill as a performer".[101] A few months after becoming Prime Minister Blair gave a tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales, on the morning of her death in August 1997, in which he famously described her as "the People's Princess".[102][103]

After taking office in 1997, Blair gave particular prominence to his press secretary, who became known as the Prime Minister's Official Spokesman (the two roles have since been separated). Blair's first PMOS was Alastair Campbell, who served in that role from May 1997 to 8 June 2001, after which he served as the Prime Minister's Director of Communications and Strategy until his resignation on 29 August 2003 in the aftermath of the Hutton Inquiry.[104]

Blair had close relationships with the Clinton family. The strong partnership with Bill Clinton was made into the film "The Special Relationship" in 2010.[105]

Relationship with Labour Party edit

Blair's apparent refusal to set a date for his departure was criticised by the British press and Members of Parliament. It has been reported that a number of cabinet ministers believed that Blair's timely departure from office would be required to be able to win a fourth election.[106] Some ministers viewed Blair's announcement of policy initiatives in September 2006 as an attempt to draw attention away from these issues.[106]

Gordon Brown edit

See also: Blair–Brown deal
 
Gordon Brown (pictured in 2002) was Chancellor under Blair, with whom he made a pact to succeed as prime minister.

After the death of John Smith in 1994, Blair and his close colleague Gordon Brown (they shared an office at the House of Commons)[3] were both seen as possible candidates for the party leadership. They agreed not to stand against each other, it is said, as part of a supposed Blair–Brown pact. Brown, who considered himself the senior of the two, understood that Blair would give way to him: opinion polls soon indicated, however, that Blair appeared to enjoy greater support among voters.[107] Their relationship in power became so turbulent that (it was reported) the deputy prime minister, John Prescott, often had to act as "marriage guidance counsellor".[108]

During the 2010 election campaign Blair publicly endorsed Gordon Brown's leadership, praising the way he had handled the financial crisis.[109]

Post-premiership (2007–present) edit

Diplomacy edit

On 27 June 2007, Blair officially resigned as Prime Minister after ten years in office, and he was officially confirmed as Middle East envoy for the United Nations, European Union, United States, and Russia.[110] Blair originally indicated that he would retain his parliamentary seat after his resignation as Prime Minister came into effect; however, on being confirmed for the Middle East role he resigned from the Commons by taking up an office of profit.[45] President George W. Bush had preliminary talks with Blair to ask him to take up the envoy role. White House sources stated that "both Israel and the Palestinians had signed up to the proposal".[111][112] In May 2008, Blair announced a new plan for peace and for Palestinian rights, based heavily on the ideas of the Peace Valley plan.[113]

Private sector edit

In January 2008, it was confirmed that Blair would be joining investment bank JPMorgan Chase in a "senior advisory capacity"[114] and that he would advise Zurich Financial Services on climate change. His salary for this work is unknown, although it has been claimed it may be in excess of £500,000 per year.[114] Blair also gives lectures, earning up to US$250,000 for a 90-minute speech, and in 2008 he was said to be the highest paid speaker in the world.[115][116] Yale University announced on 7 March 2008 that Blair will teach a course on issues of faith and globalisation at the Yale Schools of Management and Divinity as a Howland distinguished fellow during the 2008–09 academic year.[117]

Blair's links with, and receipt of an undisclosed sum from, UI Energy Corporation, have also been subject to media comment in the UK.[118]

In July 2010 it was reported that his personal security guards claimed £250,000 a year in expenses from the tax payer, Foreign Secretary William Hague said; "we have to make sure that [Blair's security] is as cost-effective as possible, that it doesn't cost any more to the taxpayer than is absolutely necessary".[119]

Tony Blair Associates edit

 
Former rebel leader Hashim Thaçi and Tony Blair with Declaration of Independence of Kosovo

Blair has established Tony Blair Associates to "allow him to provide, in partnership with others, strategic advice on a commercial and pro bono basis, on political and economic trends and governmental reform".[120] The profits from the firm go towards supporting Blair's "work on faith, Africa and climate change".[121] Blair has been subject to criticism for potential conflicts of interest between his diplomatic role as a Middle East envoy, and his work with Tony Blair Associates,[122][123][124] and a number of prominent critics have even called for him to be sacked.[125] Blair has used his Quartet Tony Blair Associates works with the Khazakstan government, advising the regime on judicial, economic and political reforms, but has been subject to criticism after accusations of "whitewashing" the image and human rights record of the regime.[126] Blair has responded to such criticism by saying his choice to advise the country is an example of how he can "nudge controversial figures on a progressive path of reform", and has stated that he receives no personal profit from this advisory role.[127] The Kazakhstan foreign minister said that the country was "honoured and privileged" to be receiving advice from Blair.[128][129] A letter obtained by The Daily Telegraph in August 2014 revealed Blair had given damage-limitation advice to Nazarbayev after the December 2011 Zhanaozen massacre.[130] Blair was reported to be have accepted a business advisory role with President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt, a situation deemed incompatible with his role as Middle East envoy;[131] the former prime minister described the report as "nonsense".[132]

European Council president speculation edit

In October 2007, there was speculation in the media that Blair was open to the idea of becoming the first President of the European Council, a post created in the Treaty of Lisbon that would come into force in 2009, if successfully ratified. Gordon Brown added his support, but noted that it was premature to discuss candidates before the treaty was approved. A spokesman for Blair did not rule out him accepting the post, but said that he was concentrating on his current role in the Middle East.[133] Blair was later invited to speak on European issues at a rally of President Sarkozy's party, the Union for a Popular Movement, on 12 January 2008, which fuelled speculation further.[134][135]

There was opposition to Blair's potential candidacy for the job. In the UK, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats both said they would oppose Blair. In Germany, the leader of the Free Democrats, Guido Westerwelle, said that he preferred a candidate from a smaller European country.[136] In November 2009, the Belgian PM Herman Van Rompuy was named President of the European Council.[137][138]

Charity edit

On 14 November 2007, Blair launched the Tony Blair Sports Foundation, which aims to "increase childhood participation in sports activities, especially in the North East of England, where a larger proportion of children are socially excluded, and to promote overall health and prevent childhood obesity."[139] On 30 May 2008, Blair launched the Tony Blair Faith Foundation as a vehicle for encouraging different faiths to join together in promoting respect and understanding, as well as working to tackle poverty. Reflecting Blair's own faith but not dedicated to any particular religion, the Foundation aims to "show how faith is a powerful force for good in the modern world".[140] "The Foundation will use its profile and resources to encourage people of faith to work together more closely to tackle global poverty and conflict," says its mission statement.[141]

In February 2009, he applied to set up a charity called the Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative: the application was approved in November 2009.[142] In October 2012 Blair's foundation hit controversy when it emerged they were taking on unpaid interns.[143]

Memoirs edit

Main article: A Journey

In March 2010, it was reported that Blair's memoirs, titled The Journey, would be published in September 2010.[144] In July 2010 it was announced the memoirs would be retitled A Journey.[145] The memoirs were seen by many as controversial and a further attempt to profit from his office and from acts related to overseas wars that were widely seen as wrongful,[146][147][148] leading to anger and suspicion prior to launch.[147]

On 16 August 2010 it was announced that Blair would give the £4.6 million advance and all royalties from his memoirs to a sports centre for badly injured soldiers – the charity's largest ever single donation.[146][149][150] Media analysis of the sudden announcement was wide-ranging, describing it as an act of "desperation"[150] to obtain a better launch reception of a humiliating "publishing flop" [150] that had languished in the ratings,[146][150] "blood money" for the lives lost in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars,[146][148] an act with a "hidden motive" or an expression of "guilt",[146][147] a "genius move" to address the problem that "Tony Blair ha[d] one of the most toxic brands around" from a PR perspective,[147] and a "cynical stunt to wipe the slate",[150] but also as an attempt to make amends.[150] Friends had said that the act was partly motivated by the wish to "repair his reputation".[146]

The book was published on 1 September and within hours of its launch had become the fastest-selling autobiography of all time.[151] On 3 September Blair gave his first live interview since publication on The Late Late Show in Ireland, with protesters lying in wait there for him.[152][153] On 4 September Blair was confronted by 200 anti-war and hardline Irish nationalist demonstrators before the first book signing of his memoirs at Eason's bookstore on O'Connell Street in Dublin, with angry activists chanting "war criminal" and that he had "blood on his hands", and clashing with Irish Police (Garda Síochána) as they tried to break through a security cordon outside the Eason's store. Blair was pelted with eggs and shoes, and encountered an attempted citizen's arrest for war crimes.[154]

Accusations of war crimes edit

Since the Iraq War, Blair has been the subject of war crimes accusations. Critics of his actions, including Bishop Desmond Tutu,[155] Harold Pinter[156] and Arundhati Roy[157] have called for his trial at the International Criminal Court.

On November 2011, a mock war-crimes tribunal created by the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission reached a unanimous conclusion that Blair and George W. Bush are guilty of crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and genocide as a result of their roles in the 2003 Iraq War. The mock trial, which lasted four days, consisting of five judges of judicial and academic backgrounds, a court-appointed defence team in lieu of the defendants or representatives, and a prosecution team including international law professor Francis Boyle.[158] The mock tribunal's finding received mixed responses, being labelled a "circus" by former UN Special Rapporteur Param Cumaraswamy.

In September 2012, Desmond Tutu suggested that Blair should follow the path of former African leaders who had been brought before the International Criminal Court in The Hague.[155] The human rights lawyer Geoffrey Bindman, interviewed on BBC radio, concurred with Tutu's suggestion that there should be a war crimes trial.[159] In a statement made in response to Tutu's comments, Blair defended his actions.[155] He was supported by Lord Falconer, who stated that the war had been properly authorised by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441.[159]

Personal life edit

Family edit

 
Blair with wife, Cherie Booth, touring the Amber Room during a visit to Russia, 2003.

Blair married Cherie Booth, a Roman Catholic and future Queen's Counsel, on 29 March 1980.[160] They have four children: Euan, Nicholas, Kathryn, and Leo.[161][162] Leo, delivered by the Royal Surgeon/Gynaecologist Marcus Setchell, was the first legitimate child born to a serving Prime Minister in over 150 years—since Francis Russell was born to Lord John Russell on 11 July 1849.[163] Blair was criticised when it was discovered that one child had received private tuition from staff at Westminster School.[164] All four children have Irish passports, by virtue of Blair's mother, Hazel Elizabeth Rosaleen Corscaden (1923–1975).[165] The family's primary residence is in Connaught Square, and the Blairs own eight residences.[166]

Wealth edit

Blair's financial assets are structured in a complicated manner, and as such estimates of their extent vary widely.[167] These include figures of up to £100 million; Blair has stated he is worth less than a "fifth of that".[168] A 2015 assertion, by Francis Beckett, David Hencke and Nick Kochan, concluded that Blair had acquired $90 million and a property portfolio worth $37.5 million in the eight years since he had left office.[169]

Religious faith edit

In an interview with Michael Parkinson broadcast on ITV1 on 4 March 2006, Blair referred to the role of his Christian faith in his decision to go to war in Iraq, stating that he had prayed about the issue, and saying that God would judge him for his decision: "I think if you have faith about these things, you realise that judgement is made by other people ... and if you believe in God, it's made by God as well."[170] According to Alastair Campbell's diary, Blair often read the Bible before taking any important decisions. He states that Blair had a "wobble" and considered changing his mind on the eve of the bombing of Iraq in 1998.[171]

A longer exploration of his faith can be found in an interview with Third Way Magazine. There he says that "I was brought up as [a Christian], but I was not in any real sense a practising one until I went to Oxford. There was an Australian priest at the same college as me who got me interested again. In a sense, it was a rediscovery of religion as something living, that was about the world around me rather than some sort of special one-to-one relationship with a remote Being on high. Suddenly I began to see its social relevance. I began to make sense of the world".[172]

At one point Alastair Campbell intervened in an interview, preventing the Prime Minister from answering a question about his Christianity, explaining, "We don't do God."[173] Campbell later explained that he had intervened only to end the interview because the journalist had been taking an excessive time, and that the comment had just been a throwaway line.[174]

Cherie Blair's friend and "spiritual guru" Carole Caplin is credited with introducing her and her husband to various New Age symbols and beliefs, including "magic pendants" known as "BioElectric Shields".[175] The most controversial of the Blairs' New Age practices occurred when on holiday in Mexico. The couple, wearing only bathing costumes, took part in a rebirthing procedure, which involved smearing mud and fruit over each other's bodies while sitting in a steam bath.[176]

Later on, Blair questioned the Pope's attitude towards homosexuality, arguing that religious leaders must start "rethinking" the issue.[177] Blair was reprimanded by Cardinal Basil Hume in 1996 for receiving Holy Communion at Mass, while still an Anglican, in contravention of canon law.[178] On 22 December 2007, it was disclosed that Blair had joined the Catholic Church. The move was described as "a private matter".[179][180] He had informed Pope Benedict XVI on 23 June 2007 that he wanted to become a Catholic. The Pope and his advisors criticised some of Blair's political actions, but followed up with a reportedly unprecedented red-carpet welcome, which included the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster, Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, who would be responsible for Blair's Catholic instruction.[181] In 2010, The Tablet named him as one of Britain’s most influential Roman Catholics.[182]

Portrayals and cameo appearances edit

Appearances edit

Blair made an animated cameo appearance as himself in The Simpsons episode, "The Regina Monologues" (2003).[183] He has also appeared as himself at the end of the first episode of The Amazing Mrs Pritchard, a British television series about an unknown housewife becoming Prime Minister. On 14 March 2007, Blair appeared as a celebrity judge on Masterchef Goes Large after contestants had to prepare a three-course meal in the Downing Street kitchens for Blair and Bertie Ahern.[184] On 16 March 2007, Blair featured in a comedy sketch with Catherine Tate, who appeared in the guise of her character Lauren Cooper from The Catherine Tate Show. The sketch was made for the BBC Red Nose Day fundraising programme of 2007. During the sketch, Blair used Lauren's catchphrase "Am I bovvered?"[185]

Portrayals edit

Michael Sheen has portrayed Blair three times, in the films The Deal (2003), The Queen (2006), and The Special Relationship (2009). Robert Lindsay portrayed Blair in the TV programme A Very Social Secretary (2005), and reprised the role in The Trial of Tony Blair (2007). He was also portrayed by James Larkin in The Government Inspector (2005), and by Ioan Gruffudd in W. (2008). In the 2006 Channel 4 comedy drama documentary, Tony Blair: Rock Star, he was portrayed by Christian Brassington.

Blair in fiction and satire edit

When Blair resigned as Prime Minister, Robert Harris, a former Fleet Street political editor, dropped his other work to write The Ghost. The CIA-influenced British Prime Minister in the book is said to be a thinly disguised version of Blair.[186] In November 2007 it was announced that Roman Polanski was to direct the film version of the novel, and would be writing the script with Harris. The film The Ghost Writer was released in February 2010 in the US.[187] Polanski's film saw Pierce Brosnan portray former-Prime Minister Adam Lang, and dramatises Blair's relationship with the United States, as well as the possibility of war crime charges.[188] Stephen Mangan portrays Blair in The Hunt for Tony Blair (2011), a one-off The Comic Strip Presents... satire presented in the style of a 1950s film noir. In the film, he is wrongly implicated in the deaths of Robin Cook and John Smith and on the run from Inspector Hutton.[189] In 2007, the scenario of a possible war crimes trial for the former British Prime Minister was satirised by the British broadcaster Channel 4, in a "mockumentary", The Trial of Tony Blair, with concluded with the fictional Blair being dispatched to the Hague.[190]

Titles and honours edit

Styles since 1983 general election edit

  • Mr Anthony Charles Lynton Blair MP (1983–1994)
  • The Rt Hon Anthony Charles Lynton Blair MP (1994–2007)[4]
  • The Rt Hon Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (2007–)

Appointments edit

Honours edit

 
Blair is presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by then US President George W. Bush.
 
Blair in Kosovo meeting children named after him.

In May 2007, before his resignation, it was speculated that Blair would be offered a knighthood in the Order of the Thistle, owing to his Scottish connections (rather than the Order of the Garter, which is usually offered to former Prime Ministers).[192] Blair has reportedly indicated that he does not want the traditional knighthood or peerage bestowed on former prime ministers.[193]

On 22 May 2008, Blair received an honorary law doctorate from Queen's University Belfast, alongside former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, for distinction in public service and roles in the Northern Ireland peace process.[194]

On 13 January 2009, Blair was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.[195] Bush stated that Blair was given the award "in recognition of exemplary achievement and to convey the utmost esteem of the American people"[196] and cited Blair's support for the War on Terror and his role in achieving peace in Northern Ireland as two reasons for justifying his being presented with the award.[197]

On 16 February 2009, Blair was awarded the Dan David Prize by Tel Aviv University for "exceptional leadership and steadfast determination in helping to engineer agreements and forge lasting solutions to areas in conflict". He was awarded the prize in May 2009.[198][199]

On 13 September 2010, Blair was awarded the Liberty Medal at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[200] It was presented by former President Bill Clinton, and is awarded annually to men and women of courage and conviction who strive to secure the blessings of liberty to people around the globe.[200]

On 8 July 2010, Blair was awarded the Order of Freedom by the President of Kosovo, Fatmir Limaj.[201] Because Blair is credited as being instrumental in ending the conflict in Kosovo, boys born in that country following the war have been given the name Toni or Tonibler.[202]

Works edit

  • Blair, Tony (2010). A Journey. Random House, ISBN 0-09-192555-X OCLC Number 657172683 London
  • Blair, Tony (2002). The Courage of Our Convictions. Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0603-4 London
  • Blair, Tony (2000). Superpower: Not Superstate? (Federal Trust European Essays). Federal Trust for Education & Research, ISBN 1-903403-25-1 London
  • Blair, Tony (1998). The Third Way: New Politics for the New Century. Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0588-7 London
  • Blair, Tony (1998). Leading the Way: New Vision for Local Government. Institute for Public Policy Research, ISBN 1-86030-075-8 London
  • Blair, Tony (1997). New Britain: My Vision of a Young Country. Basic Books, ISBN 0-8133-3338-5 New York
  • Blair, Tony (1995). Let Us Face the Future. Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0571-2 London
  • Blair, Tony (1994). What Price a Safe Society?. Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0562-3 London
  • Blair, Tony (1994). Socialism. Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0565-8 London

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Michaelmas Term 1974. Complete Alphabetical List of the Resident Members of the University of Oxford. Oxford University Press. 1974. p. 10.
  2. ^ "Mary Harron Biography". Yahoo! Inc. 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2006.[dead link]
  3. ^ a b c d e "Timeline: The Blair Years". BBC News. 10 May 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  4. ^ a b c Leigh, Rayment. "PRIVY COUNSELLORS 1969–present". Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  5. ^ a b Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 326. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
  6. ^ a b "1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule". BBC News. 15 April 2005.
  7. ^ "Education, education, education" BBC News,14 May 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
  8. ^ "Top Ten: Lib Dem 'breakthrough moments'". ePolitix.com. 24 April 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2011.[dead link]
  9. ^ "Biography: The Prime Minister Tony Charles Lynton Blair". Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  10. ^ BBC News Archive, "1998: Northern Ireland peace deal reached"
  11. ^ Philip Stephens, "Blair’s remarkable record", Financial Times, 10 May 2007
  12. ^ Telegraph.co.uk: Omagh, Northern Ireland's worst atrocity 24 December 2007
  13. ^ Blair: The Inside Story BBC News, 22 February 2007
  14. ^ Marr, Andrew; A History of Modern Britain (2008 printing); page 550
  15. ^ Gberie, Lansana (2005). A Dirty War in West Africa: the RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone;page 176. Indiana UP.
  16. ^ a b Little, Allan (15 May 2010). "The brigadier who saved Sierra Leone". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  17. ^ "After 16 long days, free in 20 minutes". the Guardian. 11 September 2000. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  18. ^ Marr, Andrew; A History of Modern Britain (2008 printing); page 551
  19. ^ "The rise and fall of New Labour". BBC News. 3 August 2010.
  20. ^ Quoted by satirist Armando Ianucci and called his 'favourite sentence of the Inquiry so far' Radio 5 Live 21 January 2010
  21. ^ Butt, Riazat; Norton-Taylor, Richard (12 December 2009). "Tony Blair admits: I would have invaded Iraq anyway". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  22. ^ "Malaysian former PM Mahathir accuses Tony Blair as war criminal". Xinhua News Agency. 1 August 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  23. ^ Fickling, David (7 December 2005). "Pinter demands war crimes trial for Blair". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  24. ^ "Iraq inquiry hears defiant Blair say: I'd do it again". BBC News. 29 January 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  25. ^ "Tony Blair defends UK involvement in Iraq war". BBC News. 29 January 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  26. ^ Mulholland, Helene; Sparrow, Andrew (29 January 2010). "Tony Blair at Iraq inquiry – the key points". Guardian. UK. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  27. ^ "Tony Blair apologises for 'mistakes' over Iraq War and admits 'elements of truth' to view that invasion helped rise of Isis", The Independent, Richard Osley, 25 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  28. ^ "PM: Saddam and his regime will be removed". Prime Minister's Office. 25 March 2003. Retrieved 21 November 2006.[dead link]
  29. ^ Tempest, Matthew (7 September 2004). "Tony Blair's press conference". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 21 November 2006.
  30. ^ "Blair agrees to face grilling by select committee critics" The Daily Telegraph, 27 April 2002. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
  31. ^ Ian Kershaw, "How will history judge Blair?", BBC News, 10 May 2007.
  32. ^ Timothy Garton Ash, "President Blair: Americans love our leader but may cause his downfall", The Guardian, 24 July 2003
  33. ^ Andrew Marr, "How Blair put the media in a spin" BBC News, 10 May 2007
  34. ^ Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (1996). "The Paradoxical Case of Tony Blair". The Atlantic Monthly. 227 (6): 22–40. Retrieved 10 April 2014. [Blair] has appointed a 'shadow team' of more than a hundred parliamentary spokesmen—a ridiculous number considering that there are only 271 Labour MPs in all.
  35. ^ "Blair questioned in honours probe", BBC News, 14 December 2006
  36. ^ Blair a casualty of UK support for Iraq war, The Washington Times, 8 November 2003
  37. ^ Diplomat's suppressed document lays bare the lies behind Iraq war, The Independent, 15 December 2006
  38. ^ Blair Risked Much in Support of U.S.-UK Friendship, National Public Radio, 9 May 2007
  39. ^ Talk of war dents Blair's popularity, The Daily Telegraph, 17 February 2003
  40. ^ Tony Blair to Resign in a Year, ABC News, 7 September 2006
  41. ^ The End of the Tony Show, Der Spiegel, 10 May 2007
  42. ^ Mehdi Hasan, James Macintyre (2011). Ed: The Milibands and the making of a Labour leader. Biteback Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84954-102-2. MPs now agree that the Lebanon fiasco did more than any other single episode to lead to the eventual removal of Blair
  43. ^ "I will quit within a year —Blair". BBC News. 7 September 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  44. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brown is UK's new prime minister was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  45. ^ a b Churcher, Joe; Woodcock, Andrew (27 June 2007). "Blair resigns as MP and heads for Mideast role". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 27 June 2007.[dead link]
  46. ^ Pierce, Andrew (7 October 2007). "Tony Blair refuses to produce an honours list". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 7 October 2008.
  47. ^ Polly Toynbee, Michael White and Patrick Wintour "We're a left-of-centre party pursuing prosperity and social justice", The Guardian, 11 September 2001
  48. ^ "The Death of Socialism", 17 May 2007
  49. ^ Neal Lawson, "A decade of Blair has left the Labour party on its knees", The Guardian, 19 April 2007
  50. ^ YouGov UK Polling Report, Left vs Right, 23 September 2005
  51. ^ Peter Kellner, "What's left of the Labour leader?"[dead link], New Statesman, 28 October 2002
  52. ^ "Why Blair was no conservative", Financial Times, 18 May 2007
  53. ^ Steve Richards, "Blair the politician: A conjuror who lost touch with his party"[dead link], The Belfast Telegraph, 11 May 2007
  54. ^ Mike Marquesee, "Labour's long march to the right", International Socialism, Issue 91, Summer 2001
  55. ^ Charlie Kimber, "Can the left reclaim the Labour Party?" at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 March 2006)[dead link], Socialist Worker, 2 August 2002
  56. ^ Mark Rice-Oxley, "Tony Blair's decade of peace and war", The Christian Science Monitor, 11 May 2007
  57. ^ Alan Cowell, "Tory leader urges British opposition to stake out 'center ground'"[dead link], International Herald Tribune, 1 October 2006
  58. ^ "Margaret Thatcher's legacy". The Independent. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  59. ^ "Tony Blair's legacy: 20% jump in amount of legislation introduced per year" (PDF). 1 June 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  60. ^ Blair's 'frenzied law making' : a new offence for every day spent in office 16 August 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
  61. ^ Jon Silverman, Legal affairs analyst, "Blair's new look civil liberties", BBC News, 14 May 2007
  62. ^ Tony Blair and Global Warming Brookings, 18 November 2003. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
  63. ^ Jeremy Lovell, Britain Set to Miss its Own Greenhouse Gas Target Britain Set to Miss its Own Greenhouse Gas Target Planet Ark, 29 March 2006
  64. ^ "Electricity generation".
  65. ^ Blair defends green record BBC News, 24 October 2000. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  66. ^ Jon Lunn, Vaughne Miller, and Ben Smith, "British foreign policy since 1997 – Commons Library Research Paper RP08/56 (UK House of Commons, 2008) online[dead link]
  67. ^ Jack Holland, Selling the war on terror: foreign policy discourses after 9/11 (2012)
  68. ^ "Blair attacked over right-wing EU links" BBC News, 15 March 2002.
  69. ^ Ed Vulliamy, "By their friends shall we know the Sultans of Bling: Blair's relationships with Berlusconi, Bush and Murdoch have defined his premiership. Now Merkel is to join the trio", The Guardian, 27 October 2005
  70. ^ Martin Kettle, "Why Ségo and Sarko have transfixed the British left", The Guardian, 28 April 2007
  71. ^ Bush, "Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People"
  72. ^ Glover, Julian; MacAskill, Ewen (25 July 2006). "Stand up to US, voters tell Blair". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 22 November 2007. Britain should take a much more robust and independent approach to the United States, according to a Guardian/ICM poll published today, which finds strong public opposition to Blair's close working relationship with President Bush.
  73. ^ "PM's speech on US Elections". Prime Minister's Office. 3 November 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2007.
  74. ^ Young, Hugo (14 November 2002). "Hugo Young: Blair has not been a poodle, but poodleism still beckons". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  75. ^ "Transcript: Bush and Blair's unguarded chat". BBC News. 18 July 2006. Retrieved 20 April 2010.. In common with many news organisations the BBC transcribed Bush's greeting as "Yo, Blair", but this is a clear mishearing: see Great Political Myths Part 1, BBC Radio 4, 15 July 2007.
  76. ^ Anthony Seldon, Blair, (London: Free Press, 2005), p. 506.
  77. ^ Assaf Uni, Finance scandal has local community worried, Haaretz, 10 December 2007.
  78. ^ Ferguson, Euan (19 March 2006). "There was once a jolly bagman". The Guardian. UK.
  79. ^ Wavell, Stuart (19 March 2006). "Lord Cashpoint's touch of money magic". The Sunday Times. UK. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  80. ^ "Dalyell's 'Jewish cabal' remarks denied". BBC. London. 4 May 2003. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  81. ^ a b c Seldon, Blair, p. 506.
  82. ^ Watt, Nicholas (20 January 2011). "Britain believes Israeli PM Netanyahu is an 'armour-plated bullshitter' – Alastair Campbell". The Guardian. London.
  83. ^ Diplomats attack Blair's Israel policy, Guardian Unlimited, Matthew Tempest, 26 April 2004
  84. ^ Cabinet in open revolt over Blair's Israel policy, The Observer, 30 July 2006
  85. ^ Peter Watt, "The 'Complex' Issue of 'Humanitarian' Intervention" at the Wayback Machine (archived 13 October 2007) ZNet, 6 August 2006
  86. ^ Gadher, Dipesh (1 July 2012). "Assad close to being knighted under Blair". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  87. ^ "Blair hails new Libyan relations". BBC News. 25 March 2004. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  88. ^ Freeman, Colin; Mendick, Robert (17 September 2011). "Libya: Tony Blair and Col Gaddafi's secret meetings". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  89. ^ Croft, Adrian (9 September 2011). "UK's Blair: No regrets about befriending Gaddafi". Reuters. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  90. ^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (11 April 2012). "Blair 'cannot recall' MI6 rendition of rebel Libyan to Gaddafi". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  91. ^ Gaby Hinsliff, "The PM, the mogul and the secret agenda", The Observer, 23 July 2006
  92. ^ Grice, Andrew (24 October 2008). "Cameron, Murdoch and a Greek island freebie". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 25 October 2008.[dead link]
  93. ^ "Tony Blair 'godfather to Rupert Murdoch's daughter'". BBC News. 5 September 2011.
  94. ^ Life after power: The loneliness of Tony Blair, economist.com.
  95. ^ a b c d e "Blair and Murdoch spoke days before Iraq war". The Guardian. UK. 19 July 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  96. ^ Fletcher, Kim (10 July 2006). "The meetings that matter between Murdoch and Blair". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  97. ^ "When Murdoch met Blair – information released". Bindmans. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  98. ^ "Blair & Murdoch – FOI v Campbell". BBC. Retrieved 26 December 2007.[dead link]
  99. ^ "Tony Blair to appear before Leveson Inquiry". BBC. 25 May 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  100. ^ Walker, Peter; Addley, Esther; O'Carroll, Lisa (28 May 2012). "Tony Blair accused of war crimes by protester at Leveson inquiry". The Guardian. London.
  101. ^ Eyre, Richard (5 September 2010). "The film and theatre director gives his verdict on Tony Blair's memoir". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  102. ^ Buerkle, Tom (1 September 1997). "Charles Takes Diana's Body Home From Paris – World Mourns the 'People's Princess'". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  103. ^ "Tony coined the 'people's princess'". The Daily Telegraph. London. 9 July 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  104. ^ "About Alastair Campbell". Alastair Campbell.org. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  105. ^ Blair and Clinton: The HBO Movie. Wall Street Journal. Updated 28 May 2010. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
  106. ^ a b Elliott, Francis (4 September 2006). "'Deluded': Extraordinary attack on Blair by Cabinet". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
  107. ^ A MORI opinion poll published in The Sunday Times on 15 May found that, among the general public, Blair had the support of 32%, John Prescott 19%, Margaret Beckett 14%, Gordon Brown 9% and Robin Cook 5%.
  108. ^ Rawnsley, Andrew (5 October 2003). "A marriage on the rocks". The Observer. UK: Guardian Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
  109. ^ Tony Blair throws himself into election campaign with praise for Gordon Brown and harsh words for Tories" The Guardian, 30 March 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  110. ^ "Blair becomes Middle East envoy". BBC News. 27 June 2007. Retrieved 27 June 2007.
  111. ^ "US 'wants Blair' for Mid-East job". BBC News. 21 June 2007.
  112. ^ Tempest, Matthew; Tran, Mark (20 June 2007). "US approves of Blair as possible Middle East envoy". The Guardian. London.
  113. ^ Israel may ease grip in Tony Blair deal to revive West Bank, The Times, 14 May 2008
  114. ^ a b "Tony Blair joins investment bank". BBC News. 10 January 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
  115. ^ Lectures see Tony Blair earnings jump over £12m The Times, 29 October 2008
  116. ^ "People: Tony Blair's earnings are £12m a year". The First Post. 29 October 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2010.[dead link]
  117. ^ Martineau, Kim (7 March 2008). "Blair To Teach At Yale Next Year". The Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut: Tribune Company. Retrieved 7 March 2008.[dead link]
  118. ^ Hughes, Solomon; Leigh, David (17 March 2010). "Tony Blair got cash for deal with South Korean oil firm". The Guardian.
  119. ^ Jones, Sam (4 July 2010). "Tony Blair's guards run up £250,000 a year in expenses". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  120. ^ Tony Blair Inc: a nice little earner The Sunday Times, 22 February 2009
  121. ^ Nicholas, Watt (30 June 2013). "How Tony Blair paved way for first visit by serving British PM to Kazakhstan". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  122. ^ Tony Blair's Byzantine world of advisers and lucrative deals The Daily Telegraph, 24 September 2011
  123. ^ On the desert trail of Tony Blair's millions The Daily Telegraph, 24 September 2011
  124. ^ "The Wonderful World of Tony Blair". Channel 4. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  125. ^ "An appeal to the Quartet on the Middle East to sack Tony Blair". theguardian.com. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  126. ^ Kerbaj, Richard; Ungoed-Thomas, Jon; Fortson, Danny (23 September 2012). "Blair in £16m deal with Kazakhs". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  127. ^ Nicholas, Watts (30 June 2013). "How Tony Blair paved way for first visit by serving British PM to Kazakhstan". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  128. ^ Watt, Nicholas (30 June 2013). "Kazakhstan praises Cameron and Blair for helping improving country's image". theguardian.com. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  129. ^ Swinford, Steven (30 June 2013). "Oil-rich Kazakhstan dictatorship boasts of British support". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  130. ^ Mendick, Robert (24 August 2014). "Tony Blair gives Kazakhstan's autocratic president tips on how to defend a massacre". telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  131. ^ Milne, Seumas (2 July 2014). "Tony Blair to advise Egypt president Sisi on economic reform". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
  132. ^ Haaretz staff (3 July 2014). "Tony Blair denies he signed on as Egyptian president's adviser". haaretz.com. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  133. ^ Grice, Andrew (20 October 2007). "Blair emerges as candidate for 'President of Europe'". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 21 October 2007.
  134. ^ AFP (2007). Blair charms France's ruling party amid talk of EU top job[dead link]. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  135. ^ Crumley, Bruce (14 January 2008). "Blair Weighs Up EU Presidency Bid". Time.
  136. ^ Blair, Tony (28 October 2009). "German party cool on Blair for EU". BBC World Service News.
  137. ^ "EU foreign head dismisses critics". The BBC. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
  138. ^ Blair, Tony (29 October 2009). "Downing Street is less optimistic about Blair campaign to become EU President". BBC World Service News.
  139. ^ "Tony Blair Sports Foundation". Tony Blair Sports Foundation. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  140. ^ "Mission statement"[dead link], Tony Blair Faith Foundation, 30 May 2008.
  141. ^ "Tony Blair's Faith Foundation speech". The New Statesman.
  142. ^ Leigh, David; Griffiths, Ian (1 December 2009). "The mystery of Tony Blair's finances". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
  143. ^ "Tony Blair comes under fire for hiring unpaid interns". Telegraph.co.uk. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  144. ^ "'Frank' Blair memoirs out in September"[dead link] The Bookseller, 4 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  145. ^ Tony Blair's memoirs title change strikes a less 'messianic' tone Robert Booth The Guardian 12 July 2010
  146. ^ a b c d e f Webster, Philip; Jagger, Suzy; Coates, Sam; Low, Valentine (17 August 2010). "Tony Blair tries to turn page with £5m donation from sale of memoirs to Royal British Legion". The Australian.
  147. ^ a b c d Prince, Rosa; Gammell, Caroline; Evans, Martin (16 August 2010). "Questions over size of Tony Blair's book royalty donation to Royal British Legion". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  148. ^ a b "Tony Blair's Journey memoirs' £5m fee provokes 'cashing in' claims". Metro. 5 March 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  149. ^ "Tony Blair donates book cash to injured soldier charity". BBC News. 16 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  150. ^ a b c d e f "Tony Blair's memoirs: The making of a best-seller". The Daily Telegraph. London. 22 August 2010.
  151. ^ Grice, Andrew (2 September 2010). "Blair's memoirs: From No10 to No1". The Independent. London: Independent Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
  152. ^ Tubridy to chat to Tony Blair on Late Late[dead link]. RTÉ ten.
  153. ^ Tony Blair interview greeted by Iraq war protesters and Jedward fans. The Guardian.
  154. ^ Shoes and eggs thrown at Tony Blair as he attends book signing. The Daily Telegraph
  155. ^ a b c Helm, Toby (2 September 2012). "Tony Blair should face trial over Iraq war, says Desmond Tutu". The Observer. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  156. ^ "Pinter demands war crimes trial for Blair". BBC News. 7 December 2005. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  157. ^ "Writer says Bush, Blair war criminals". The Age. 3 November 2004. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  158. ^ Kuala Lumpur tribunal: Bush and Blair guilty – Richard Falk, Al Jazeera
  159. ^ a b "Desmond Tutu calls for Blair and Bush to be tried over Iraq". BBC News. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  160. ^ "Events & Visits | Cherie celebrates her 30th Wedding Anniversary this spring". Cherie Blair. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
  161. ^ CNN.com Facts: Life and times of Tony Blair
  162. ^ "Blair's son 'drunk and incapable'". BBC News. 6 July 2000. Retrieved 13 July 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead link]
  163. ^ "Welcome distraction for Tony Blair". BBC News. 20 May 2000. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
  164. ^ Woolf, Marie; Garner, Richard (5 July 2002). "Blair caught up in private tutor row". The Independent. UK. Retrieved 20 April 2010.[dead link]
  165. ^ Melanie Mcdonagh (13 September 2009). "Names that mean trouble". Sunday Times. London. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011.
  166. ^ Rayner, Gordon (7 February 2014). "Euan Blair's mother, not his wife, is partner in marital home". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
  167. ^ "Blair Inc: How Tony Blair makes his fortune." Robert Mendick, Daily Telegraph, 7 January 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  168. ^ "Tony Blair: I'm worth less than £20 million, and I'm not interested in making money." The Daily Telegraph, 21 July 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  169. ^ New book reveals how MidEast helped Tony Blair earn $90m, Arabian Business
  170. ^ "Blair 'prayed to God' over Iraq". BBC News. 3 March 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  171. ^ Alastair Campbell diaries: How Blair's Bible reading prompted Iraq 'wobble' The Guardian, 14 January 2011
  172. ^ McCloughry, Roy (14 September 1993). "Practising for Power: Tony Blair". Third Way Magazine: the modern world through Christian eyes. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 22 November 2007. Since 1993, Third Way has been talking in depth to men and women who help to shape our society or set the tone of our culture. We spoke to Tony Blair on 14 September 1993, before the spin doctors closed around him, when he was still shadow Home Secretary and had a full head of hair.
  173. ^ Brown, Colin (3 May 2003). "Campbell interrupted Blair as he spoke of his faith: 'We don't do God'". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 28 February 2009.
  174. ^ "The Catherine Deveney Interview: Alastair Campbell: Most people don't know me". Scotland on Sunday. 9 November 2008.
  175. ^ "Ev'rybody must get stones", The Observer, 8 December 2002
  176. ^ How Mumbo-Jumbo Conquered the World, Francis Wheen, Harper Perennial 2004, ISBN 0-00-714097-5
  177. ^ "Blair questions Papal gay policy". BBC News. 8 April 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  178. ^ Chancellor, Alexander (18 May 2007). "Blair doesn't need intermediaries to communicate with God. So why does he want to become a Catholic?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  179. ^ "Tony Blair joins Catholic faith". BBC News. 22 December 2007. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  180. ^ "Blair Converts To Catholicism". Sky News. 22 December 2007. Retrieved 22 November 2007.[dead link]
  181. ^ Gledhill, Ruth; Austin, Jeremy; Webster, Philip (17 May 2007). "Blair will be welcomed into Catholic fold via his 'baptism of desire'". The Times. UK. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  182. ^ "100 Top Catholics". The Tablet. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  183. ^ "The Regina Monologues". The Simpsons.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  184. ^ Masterchef Addict's blog, The Stage, 15 March 2007
  185. ^ "Catherine Tate hails Blair's comic skills". The Telegraph. London. 22 March 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  186. ^ This one's for you, Tony The Observer, 30 September 2007
  187. ^ Siegel, Tatiana (7 November 2007). "Roman Polanski returns with 'Ghost'". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  188. ^ Plett, Barbara (19 March 2010). "How Realistic Is New Polanski Film The Ghost?". BBC News. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
  189. ^ Plunkett, John (26 August 2011). "Comic Strip returns with Tony Blair on the run in Channel 4 film noir comedy". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
  190. ^ "The Trial of Tony Blair". Variety. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
  191. ^ Eidenmuller, Michael E. (18 July 2003). "Tony Blair Addresses Congress Accepting the Congressional Gold Medal Award". American Rhetoric – Online Speech Bank. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  192. ^ "Queen makes Blair an offer that he can refuse". The Daily Telegraph. UK. 13 May 2007. Archived from the original on 21 January 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2007.
  193. ^ Kite, Melissa (30 December 2007). "Tony Blair spurns honour system". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  194. ^ "Queen's degrees for ex-premiers". BBC News. 22 May 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  195. ^ "Blair to get US Medal of Freedom". BBC News. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  196. ^ Adetunji, Jo (13 January 2009). "Bush gives Blair highest US civilian honour". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  197. ^ President Bush awards Tony Blair Presidential Medal of Freedom The Times, 13 January 2009
  198. ^ "Blair wins Dan David Prize". JTA – Jewish & Israel News. 17 February 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2010.[dead link]
  199. ^ "Blair's peace-broker prize surreal, say anti-war campaigners". Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
  200. ^ a b Tran, Mark (14 September 2010). "News Politics Tony Blair Liberty medal awarded to Tony Blair". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  201. ^ http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=2,6,1236#.ViG925_arqA
  202. ^ "Namesakes welcome Tony Blair during Kosovo visit". BBC News. 9 July 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2012.

Further reading edit

Miscellany edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
The-tiddler/sandbox (category)
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to The-tiddler/sandbox.
 
Wikisource has original works by or about:
[[:s:|]]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New title
Constituency reestablished
 Member of Parliament
for Sedgefield
1983–2007 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Shadow Minister for Trade
1987–1988 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Secretary of State for Energy
1988–1989 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Secretary of State for Employment
1989–1992
Preceded by Shadow Home Secretary
1992–1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Leader of the Opposition
1994–1997 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1997–2007 		Succeeded by
Minister for the Civil Service
1997–2007
First Lord of the Treasury
1997–2007
Preceded by President of the European Council
2005 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Labour Party
1994–2007 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Chairperson of the Group of 8
1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairperson of the Group of 8
2005 		Succeeded by
Order of precedence in England and Wales
Preceded by Gentlemen Succeeded by
Order of precedence in Scotland
Preceded by Gentlemen Succeeded by
Order of precedence in Northern Ireland
Preceded by Gentlemen Succeeded by



Category:1976 births Category:Alumni of Cardiff University

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:The-tiddler/sandbox&oldid=1092680161"