Portal:Architecture

The Architecture Portal Brunelleschi, in the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th century, not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect. Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating. (Full article...) Selected article – Traprain Law in East Lothian Hillforts in Scotland are earthworks, sometimes with wooden or stone enclosures, built on higher ground, which usually include a significant settlement, built within the modern boundaries of Scotland. They were first studied in the eighteenth century and the first serious field research was undertaken in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century there were large numbers of archaeological investigations of specific sites, with an emphasis on establishing a chronology of the forts. Forts have been classified by type and their military and ritual functions have been debated. They were introduced into Scotland during the Bronze Age from around 1000 BCE. The largest group are from the Iron Age, with over 1,000 hillforts, mostly below the Clyde-Forth line, most of which were abandoned during the period of Roman occupation of Britain. There are also large numbers of vitrified forts, which have been subjected to fire, many of which may date to this period and are found across Scotland. After Roman occupation in the early Middle Ages some hillforts were reoccupied and petty kingdoms were often ruled from smaller nucleated forts using defensible natural features, as at Edinburgh and Dunbarton. (Full article...) List of selected articles Buildings and architecture of Bath Keep Antoni Gaudí Polonnaruwa Vatadage Eustace Balfour Château de Verteuil Altes Stadthaus, Berlin Uppsala Cathedral Kowloon Walled City Senedd Rochdale Town Hall Passive house Taliesin (studio) Dutch brick Earth structure Estate houses in Scotland Buildings of Jesus College, Oxford Sandringham House St Nicholas, Blakeney Palazzo Pitti Sicilian Baroque Architecture of Seattle Hyperboloid structure Monticello Japanese castle Angkor Wat Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe Centennial Hall Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau White City (Tel Aviv) Featured articles Architects: Matthew Brettingham, William Bruce, William Burges, John Douglas, Charles Holden, El Lissitzky, Benjamin Mountfort, I. M. Pei, Albert Speer, Rudolf Wolters. Buildings: 7 World Trade Center, Angkor Wat, Baden-Powell House, Belton House, Borobudur, BP Pedestrian Bridge, Bramall Hall, Buckingham Palace, Buildings and architecture of Bristol, Buildings of Jesus College, Oxford, Buildings of Nuffield College, Oxford, Building of the World Trade Center, Castell Coch, Catherine de' Medici's building projects, Chartwell, Chicago Board of Trade Building, Cragside, Heian Palace, Holkham Hall, IG Farben Building, House with Chimaeras, Hoysala architecture, City of Manchester Stadium, Monnow Bridge, Mosque, Michigan State Capitol, New Orleans Mint, Oregon State Capitol, Oriel College, Oxford, Palazzo Pitti, Palladian architecture, Pennsylvania State Capitol, Round Church, Preslav, Sandringham House, Sanssouci, Santa Maria de Ovila, Scottish Parliament building, Sicilian Baroque, St Donat's Castle, St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao, St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery, St Nicholas, Blakeney, Vkhutemas, The Tower House, West Wycombe Park Featured lists Chicago Landmarks, National Treasures of Japan (castles), National Treasures of Japan (shrines), Pritzker Prize, New churches by John Douglas, Church restorations, amendments and furniture by John Douglas, Houses and associated buildings by John Douglas, Non-ecclesiastical and non-residential works by John Douglas, Scheduled monuments in Maidstone, Works by Charles Holden, Grade I listed buildings in: Bath and North East Somerset, Maidstone, Mendip, North Somerset, Sedgemoor, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, West Somerset, List of tallest buildings in: Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Dubai, Hong Kong, Las Vegas, London, Los Angeles, Manchester, Miami, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Providence, San Francisco, Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo, Toronto, Tulsa, Vancouver, Listed buildings in: Runcorn (urban area), Runcorn (rural area), Widnes General images – The following are images from various architecture-related articles on Wikipedia. Yola hut -Tagoat Co. Wexford Ireland The vestibule of the Laurentian Library Cosimo de' Medici the Elder, head of the Medici Bank, sponsored civic building programs. Posthumous portrait by Pontormo. The Luxembourg Palace by Salomon de Brosse (1615–1624) Courtyard of Wawel Castle exemplifies first period of Polish Renaissance Tomas Bata Memorial (Zlín) 1933 by František Lydie Gahura Four Humanist philosophers under the patronage of the Medici: Marsilio Ficino, Cristoforo Landino, Angelo Poliziano and Demetrius Chalcondyles. Fresco by Domenico Ghirlandaio. Louvre Castle in early 15th century Splitting a block of marble with plug and feathers A left-handed stonemason with mallet and chisel Classical Orders, engraving from the Encyclopédie vol. 18. 18th century. Stonemasonry in 16th c. Ottoman Bosnia - Stari Most Alternating male and female mascarons decorate keystones on the San Francisco City Hall Typical railing, flat roof, stucco and colour detail in Nordic funkis (SOK warehouse and offices, 1938, Finland) Amiens Cathedral Church of Santo António; b. 1498, Mozambique 'Wendingen' 1918-1932, Dutch architecture and art magazine. Main theme: Expressionist architecture (Amsterdam School, de Klerk, Kramer, Mendelsohn, Finsterlin, Feininger et al.). Movement against 'De Stijl' in 1917. Obchodný a obytný dom Luxor (Residential and Commercial House Luxor),1937, in Bratislava (Slovakia) Basilica of Bom Jesus. A World Heritage Site built in Baroque style and completed in 1604 AD. It has the body of St Francis Xavier. Royal Palace (Amsterdam): Jacob van Campen, 1646. Courtyard of Palazzo Strozzi, Florence Refectory pulpit in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta Zlin, Czech Republic, factory town built by the Bata (shoe company) Interior view of Dome of the Church of the Gesù by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, and Giacomo della Porta Beaux-arts buildings at the University of California, Berkeley, designed by John Galen Howard The dome of Florence Cathedral (the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore) Saints Peter and Paul Church, Kraków, Poland by Giovanni Maria Bernardoni (1605–1619) Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam (1928), designed by Jan Wils Clockwise from top: Church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola in Italy, Church of Santa Prisca de Taxco in Mexico, Smolny Cathedral in Russia, St-Gervais-et-St-Protais in France Cologne Cathedral Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, 1903 (Hendrik Petrus Berlage) Under construction for more than two centuries, the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral is a mixture of three styles that predominated during the colonial era: Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassic. Palazzo Te, Mantua Gabriel Peyreaux House in New Orleans, built circa 1780 It is an example of poteaux-sur-solle construction. Basilica of Saint-Denis Hotel Avion (Brno), 1928, Bohuslav Fuchs Vernacular architecture in Norway: wood and elevated-level Windows of Sainte-Chapelle (13th century) Nordic Renaissance: Frederiksborg Palace (1602–20) Interior of the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Vilnius (1668–1701) Brunelleschi, in the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th century, not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect. The Scheepvaarthuis, Amsterdam. Architects: Johan van der Mey, Michel de Klerk, Piet Kramer Church of Our Saviour, Copenhagen (1682–1747) Beauvais Cathedral, south transept (consecrated 1272) The House of the Blackheads in Riga, Latvia Flamboyant Gothic east end, Prague Cathedral (1344–) Nave of Sens Cathedral (1135–1176) Plan of Bramante's Tempietto in Montorio The Guild Coat of Arms. 'De Dageraad' housing estate, P.L.Takstraat in Amsterdam, 1920-23 (Piet Kramer) Lima Cathedral built between 1535–1697, designed by Francisco Becerra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Södra Ängby, 1938 Greenwich Hospital by Sir Christopher Wren (1694) Facade of Sant'Agostino, Rome, built in 1483 by Giacomo di Pietrasanta Zlín in Czech Republic. Cathedral of St James, Šibenik Plan of a Gothic cathedral Morgan House is a classic example of colonial Victorian era architecture in Kalimpong, India. Santa Susanna, Rome In Lesotho: rondavel stones. Corpus Christi Church, Nesvizh in what is now Belarus (1586 and 1593) Cloister of the Convent of Christ, Tomar, Portugal, (1557–1591), Diogo de Torralva and Filippo Terzi. French Renaissance: Château de Chambord (1519–39) The Palazzo Farnese, Rome (1534–1545). Designed by Sangallo and Michelangelo. Body plan of a ship showing the hull form Royal Summer Palace in Prague is considered the purest Renaissance architecture outside of Italy. 'Het Schip' apartment building, Zaanstraat Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam, 1935 (Ad van der Steur) Brandevoort housing estate in Helmond, 2005 (Rob Krier) 'De Bijenkorf' department store in The Hague, 1924-26 (Piet Kramer) English Renaissance: Hardwick Hall (1590–1597). The church of San Lorenzo Abbey church of Saint-Denis, west façade Havana Cathedral, Cuba, built between 1748 and 1777. Raphael's unused plan for St. Peter's Basilica Pope Sixtus IV, 1477, builder of the Sistine Chapel. Fresco by Melozzo da Forlì in the Vatican Palace. Bridge by Johan van der Mey Typical French chisels with wooden hilt, used for soft limestone The Dôme of Les Invalides, Paris Donjon of the Château de Vincennes, (1337–) The Church of the Certosa di Pavia, Lombardy Facade of Santa Susanna, Rome by Carlo Maderno (1603) Rouen Cathedral from the south west – façade towers 12th–15th century, the flamboyant tower to the 15th century, spire rebuilt in 16th century Danish Fort Dansborg at Tranquebar, built by Ove Gedde in 1620. Thistle Chapel at Edinburgh's High Kirk (completed 1910) Oxen sculpture in High Gothic towers of Laon Cathedral (13th century) Pointed arches in the Tower of the church of San Salvador, Teruel The Romanesque Florence Baptistery was the object of Brunelleschi's studies of perspective 'Het Schip' apartment building in Amsterdam, 1917-20 (Michel de Klerk) Villa Tugendhat (Brno), 1928 by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Charles Rennie Mackintosh – Music Room 1901 Plan of the second floor (attic storey) of the Hôtel de Brionne in Paris – 1734. Palazzo Pandolfini, Florence, by Raphael The crossing of Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan (1490) Early Gothic triple elevation Sens Cathedral (1135–1164) Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes (1370s) Cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral Temple of Vesta, Rome, 205 AD. As one of the most important temples of Ancient Rome, it became the model for Bramante's Tempietto The Piazza del Campidoglio High Gothic west front, Reims Cathedral (1211–) Villa Capra "La Rotonda" Three different stonemason's marks, which can be seen in the Chapter House of Fountains Abbey Plate tracery, Lincoln Cathedral "Dean's Eye" rose window (c.1225) The Church of St-Gervais-et-St-Protais, the first Paris church with a façade in the new Baroque style (1616–20) Grotesque of Selby Abbey (14th century) Notre-Dame de Paris – deep portals, a rose window, balance of horizontal and vertical elements. Early Gothic. The Dome of St Peter's Basilica, Rome. The École des Beaux-Arts in Paris begun by François Debret then finished by Félix Duban. This institution gave its name to the Beaux-Arts style An apprentice carving a block Palazzo Medici Riccardi by Michelozzo. Florence, 1444 Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua, the façade Chartres Cathedral The tower of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium (Y. Lindegren & T. Jäntti, built in 1934–38) Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne. Keystone with profile of man, Palazzo Giusti, Verona, Italy Helsinki Central Station, 1919 (Eliel Saarinen) Church of Santa Engrácia, Lisbon (now National Pantheon of Portugal; begun 1681) Ospedale degli Innocenti in Florence. Facade of the Church of the Gesù Rome (consecrated 1584) Paoay Church Ilocos Sur Philippines is a fine example of Spanish Earthquake Baroque only found in the Philippines Stonemason's mallets of plastic, beechwood and steel Structure of an early six-part Gothic rib vault. (Drawing by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc) Upper Belvedere Palace in Vienna (1721–23) A modern stonemason's workbench with a block of limestone Antwerp City Hall (finished in 1564) The Escorial (1563–1584), Madrid Stockholm City Hall, 1923 (Ragnar Östberg) Cathedral Basilica of Salvador built between 1657–1746, a UNESCO WHS. Toko Merah, an 18th-century Dutch colonial landmark in Jakarta, shows a typically Dutch high sash windows with split shutters. A stonemason at Eglinton Tournament Bridge with a selection of tools of the trade Façade of Santa Maria Novella, 1456–70 The Palace of Facets on the Cathedral Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Il Gesù, designed by Giacomo della Porta. St. George's Cathedral of Timișoara by Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach Stourhead in Wiltshire, England, designed by Henry Hoare (1705–1785) The National Congress of Brazil, designed by Oscar Niemeyer Interior of the Basilica and Convent of Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Recife, Brazil, buil between 1665 and 1767 A French stonemason using a straightedge and chisels Smolny Convent Plateresque façade, University of Salamanca (late 15th century) Brno Crematorium (Brno), 1930, Ernst Wiesner Perpendicular Gothic east end, Henry VII Chapel (c. 1503–12) Westover Plantation, an example of Georgian architecture on the eastern James River, in Virginia Troja Palace, Prague (1679–1691) Beaux-Arts building decoration presenting images of the Roman goddesses Pomona and Diana. Note the naturalism of the postures and the channeled rustication of the stonework. Tempietto di San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502, by Bramante. This small temple marks the place where St Peter was put to death Palladio's engraving of Bramante's Tempietto Rayonnant Gothic west front Strasbourg Cathedral (1276–) A stonemason and his tools. Villa Müller (Prague), 1930, by Adolf Loos Scuola Grande di San Marco, Venice High Gothic flying buttresses Metz Cathedral (1220–) The Mariyinsky Palace in Kyiv (1744–1752) The Zwinger in Dresden by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann (1697–1716) St Peter's Basilica Early English choir, Canterbury Cathedral (1175–1180) Nave of Notre-Dame de Paris (1163–1345) Crossing vault, Seville Cathedral Juleum in Helmstedt, Germany (example of Weser Renaissance) Things you can do WikiProject Architecture Join the WikiProject. Improve: articles listed at Architecture pages needing attention Expand: stubs - Category:Architecture stubs - Category:Architect stubs - Category:Building and structure stubs Request an article: about a topic in architecture. Review and comment Articles for peer review: Manor House, Sleaford Endeavour House Taliesin (studio) Article alerts Featured article candidates, Good article nominees, Articles for deletion, Requested moves Good articles Architects: William Adam, Eustace Balfour, Antoni Gaudí, Thomas Harrison, Zvi Hecker, Bjarke Ingels, E. G. Paley, Timothy L. Pflueger, Antonin Raymond, Kenzo Tange. Buildings: 108 North State Street, 5th Avenue Theatre, Algonquin Hotel, Andriyivskyy Descent, AT&T Corporate Center, Ballard Carnegie Library, Baths of Zeuxippus, Beaumont House, Benjaminville Friends Meeting House and Burial Ground, Blackstone Library, Boughton Monchelsea Place, The Casbah Coffee Club, Central Troy Historic District, Chana School, Chester Rows, Chicago Spire, Chicago Theatre, Chrysler Building, Churche's Mansion, Clinton Presidential Center, Crown Fountain, Dolphinarium, Eaton Hall, Cheshire, Édifice Price, Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier, Ellwood House, The Exchange, Bristol, Forbidden City, Harold Washington Cultural Center, Heller House, Historic Michigan Boulevard District, Hull House, Imbrex and tegula, Imperial War Museum North, Jay Pritzker Pavilion, Joffrey Tower, Joseph F. Glidden House, Linton Park, Liverpool Town Hall, Louvre, Manila Hotel, Marquette Building (Chicago), Millennium Stadium, National Gallery, London, National Police Memorial, New Bedford Historic District, Old Louisville, One Bayfront Plaza, One Times Square, Onion dome, Oregon Public Library, Pavillon de Flore, Presidio of Santa Barbara, Queen's Pier, Rancho Camulos, Robot Building, Rock N Roll McDonald's, Roman Baths (Bath), Rookery Building, Senate House (University of London), Shamrock Hotel, Sycamore Historic District, Taipei 101, Taj Mahal, TCF Bank Stadium, United States Institute of Peace Headquarters, University Mall (Little Rock, Arkansas), University of Illinois Observatory, University of Virginia, Upper Brook Street Chapel, Manchester, Valley of the Kings, Via della Conciliazione, Victoria Rooms (Bristol), Waller Hall, Wales Millennium Centre, World Trade Center. Castles and fortifications: Beaumaris Castle, Berkhamsted Castle, Bowes Castle, Buckton Castle, Caernarfon Castle, Caludon Castle, Château Gaillard, Château de Chinon, Conwy Castle, Dolbadarn Castle, Dunstaffnage Castle, Fort Greble, Fort Pasir Panjang, Fortress of Klis, Golubac fortress, Goodrich Castle, Haapsalu Castle, Hadleigh Castle, Halton Castle, Himeji Castle, Hylton Castle, Kaunas Fortress, Kenilworth Castle, Loch Leven Castle, Longtown Castle, Okehampton Castle, Oxford Castle, Peckforton Castle, Castle Rising, Roslin Castle, Smederevo Fortress, St Briavels Castle, Vilnius Castle Complex, Walls of Constantinople, Walls of Dubrovnik, York Castle. Religious buildings: Akhtala monastery, Akshardham Temple, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Bath Abbey, Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Hong Kong), Chester Cathedral, College of All Saints, Maidstone, Elgin Cathedral, Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Ganting Grand Mosque, Hurva Synagogue, Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos, Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, Mezhyhirskyi Monastery, Old St Paul's Cathedral, St Mary's Church, Acton, St Mary's Church, Nantwich, St Mary's Church, Nether Alderley, St Thomas the Martyr's Church, Oxford, Sunol Water Temple, Uppsala Cathedral, Wells Cathedral, Zagreb Synagogue, Zhenguo Temple. Cities, countries and regions: Architecture of Denmark, Architecture of Leeds, Architecture of Madagascar, Architecture of Norway, Architecture of Scotland, Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England, Buildings and architecture of Bath, Castles in Great Britain and Ireland, Grade I listed buildings in Somerset, Architecture of the Song Dynasty, Fatimid architecture. Major subcategories Architects Architecture Architectural elements Architectural history Buildings & structures Architecture by country Construction Landscape architecture Structural engineering Urban planning Major topics Basic topics Architect • List of architects • Architecture • List of architecture firms • Style • List of buildings • New article announcements • more.... 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