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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north, while Ireland is located across the Irish Sea to its west and northwest, and the Celtic Sea lies to its southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers roughly 62% of the island of Great Britain, which is in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The Kingdom of England, which included Wales after 1535, ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707 when the Acts of Union put the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year into effect; this resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland that created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

England is the origin of many well-known worldwide exports, including the English language, the English law system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football (the world's most popular sport), and the Church of England; its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world.

England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the greater metropolitan of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the centre, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire and the Humber, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. (Full article...)

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Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club based in Liverpool, England. The club competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Founded in 1892, the club joined the Football League the following year and has played its home games at Anfield since its formation.

Domestically, the club has won 19 league titles, eight FA Cups, a record nine League Cups and 16 FA Community Shields. In international competitions, the club has won six European Cups, three UEFA Cups, four UEFA Super Cups—all English records—and one FIFA Club World Cup. The club established itself as a major force in domestic and European football in the 1970s and 1980s, when Bill Shankly, Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan and Kenny Dalglish, led the club to a combined 11 League titles and four European Cups. Liverpool won two further European Cups in 2005 and 2019 under the management of Rafael Benítez and Jürgen Klopp, respectively; the latter led Liverpool to a 19th league title in 2020, the club's first during the Premier League era. (Full article...)

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Carlisle Civic Centre in Rickergate

The City of Carlisle (/kɑːrˈlaɪl/ kar-LYLE, locally /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/ KAR-lyle) was a local government district of Cumbria, England, with the status of a city. It was named after its largest settlement, Carlisle, but covered a far larger area which included the towns of Brampton and Longtown, as well as outlying villages including Dalston, Scotby and Wetheral. In 2011 the district had a population of 107,524, and an area of 1,039.97 square kilometres (402 sq mi).

The district boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and covered an amalgamation of two former local government districts, the City and County Borough of Carlisle and the Border Rural District of Cumberland. The district shared a border with Scotland (to the north), and was bounded on the southwest by the borough of Allerdale, and on the south by the district of Eden. The county of Northumberland was to the east. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various England-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The Mob Quad of Merton College, University of Oxford, 13th–14th century (from History of England)
Image 2Christopher Lee (seen here as Dracula in 1958) starred in many of Hammer's British horror films. (from Culture of England)
Image 3Francis Bacon led the advancement of both natural philosophy and the scientific method and his works remained deeply influential in the Scientific Revolution. (from Culture of England)
Image 4The Staffordshire Hoard is the largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork yet found^[update]. It consists of almost 4,600 items and metal fragments. (from Culture of England)
Image 5Stonehenge, erected in several stages from c.3000–2500 BC (from History of England)
Image 6The Lady Chapel of Wells Cathedral (from Culture of England)
Image 7Morris dancing (from Culture of England)
Image 8The Roman Baths in Bath; a temple was constructed on the site between 60–70CE in the first few decades of Roman Britain. (from Culture of England)
Image 9Old Minster cathedral, Winchester, in the 10th century (from History of England)
Image 10The Spanish Armada and English ships in August 1588, (unknown, 16th-century, English School) (from History of England)
Image 11Alfred Hitchcock is often regarded as the greatest British filmmaker, and was described as "a straightforward middle-class Englishman who just happened to be an artistic genius." (from Culture of England)
Image 12A traditional Punch and Judy booth, at Swanage, Dorset, England (from Culture of England)
Image 13The epic poem Beowulf, set in 6th century Scandinavia, composed c. 700–1000 AD. (from History of England)
Image 14Flatford Mill ('Scene on a Navigable River') by John Constable, c. 1816 (from Culture of England)
Image 15Canterbury Cathedral nave, 1377 (from History of England)
Image 16Edward Elgar is one of England's most celebrated classical composers. (from Culture of England)
Image 17King Henry VIII (from History of England)
Image 18Interior of Christ Church Cathedral in Oxford (from Culture of England)
Image 19Londinium (Roman London), c. 120 AD (from History of England)
Image 20Shoulder clasp from Sutton Hoo, 625 AD (from History of England)
Image 21Sir Francis Drake's voyage 1585–86 (from History of England)
Image 22Artefacts from Bush Barrow at Stonehenge. Wessex culture, Early Bronze Age, c. 1900 BC (from History of England)
Image 23The English landscape garden at Stourhead, described as a 'living work of art' when first opened in the 1750s (from Culture of England)
Image 24Stinking Bishop cheese (from Culture of England)
Image 25Chester, c. 1880 (from History of England)
Image 26Maps of territory held by Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (green) during the English Civil War (1642–1645) (from History of England)
Image 27The Battersea Shield (detail), 350 BC. (from History of England)
Image 28Victory in Europe Day celebrations in London, 8 May 1945 (from History of England)
Image 29The Lindisfarne Gospels (from Culture of England)
Image 30King Charles I, who was beheaded in 1649 (from History of England)
Image 31First English Civil War at the Battle of Marston Moor, 1644 (from History of England)
Image 32England playing Australia at Lord's Cricket Ground in the 2009 Ashes series. After winning the 2019 Cricket World Cup, England became the first country to win the World Cups in football, rugby union and cricket. (from Culture of England)
Image 33The Procession Picture, c. 1600, showing Elizabeth I borne along by her courtiers (from History of England)
Image 34Frontispiece of Bede's Life of St Cuthbert, showing King Æthelstan presenting a copy of the book to the saint himself. c. 930 (from History of England)
Image 35Kingdoms and tribes in Britain, c. AD 600 (from History of England)
Image 36Portrait of Edward VI, c. 1550 (from History of England)
Image 37The first general laws against child labour, the Factory Acts, were passed in Britain in the first half of the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work and the work day of youth under the age of 18 was limited to twelve hours. (from History of England)
Image 38First played in 1877, the Wimbledon Championships is the oldest tennis tournament in the world. (from Culture of England)
Image 39Dover Castle, 12th–13th century (from History of England)
Image 40King Alfred the Great statue in Winchester, Hampshire. The 9th-century English king encouraged education in his kingdom. (from Culture of England)
Image 41Tomb of Richard I of England and Isabella of Angoulême (from History of England)
Image 42The Great Fire London, 1666. (from History of England)
Image 43Sir Isaac Newton is regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution. (from Culture of England)
Image 44King Charles II (from History of England)
Image 45Silbury Hill, c. 2400 BC (from History of England)
Image 46Durham Cathedral. The Norman cathedral was built 1093–1133 (from History of England)
Image 47The Alfred Jewel, late 9th century (from History of England)
Image 48Anglo-Saxon helmet from the Sutton Hoo ship burial, 625 AD (replica) (from History of England)
Image 49Whitehall by Francis Dodd (1920) displaying the Palace of Westminster (from Culture of England)
Image 50One of only four surviving exemplifications of the 1215 text, Cotton MS. Augustus II. 106, property of the British Library (from History of England)
Image 51Anglo-Saxon king with his Witan. Biblical scene in the Old English Hexateuch (11th century) (from History of England)
Image 52Depiction of the Battle of Hastings (1066) on the Bayeux Tapestry (from History of England)
Image 53Geoffrey Chaucer, c. 1340s–1400, author of The Canterbury Tales (from History of England)
Image 54Remains of the Roman baths at Bath, England. (from History of England)
Image 55King's College in Cambridge is regarded as one of the greatest examples of late English Gothic architecture. It has the world's largest fan vault, while the chapel's stained-glass windows and wooden chancel screen are considered some of the finest from their era. (from Culture of England)
Image 56Elizabeth I (from History of England)
Image 57The Royal College of Music is the oldest conservatoire in the UK, established by royal charter in 1882. (from Culture of England)
Image 58Durham Cathedral, dating from 1093 (from Culture of England)
Image 59The White Tower of the Tower of London, built in 1078 (from History of England)
Image 60The Ruthwell Cross, 8th century AD (from History of England)
Image 61Procession of characters from Shakespeare's plays (from Culture of England)
Image 62England in 878 (from History of England)
Image 63The Billingsgate Fish Market in London in the early 19th century (from History of England)
Image 64View of the ramparts of the hillfort of Maiden Castle (450 BC), as they look today (from History of England)
Image 65Jack In the Green, a traditional English folk custom being celebrated in Hastings Old Town, known for its many pre-Victorian buildings. (from Culture of England)
Image 66Gold torc from Snettisham, 70 BC (from History of England)
Image 67William Hogarth's depiction of a scene from Shakespeare's The Tempest is an example of how English literature influenced English painting in the 18th century. (from Culture of England)
Image 68Countries where English is natively spoken or has official status (from Culture of England)
Image 69Bronze coins of Cunobelin, called "King of the Britons" by Suetonius. 1–42 AD. (from History of England)
Image 70The wizard Merlin features as a character in many works of fiction, including the BBC series Merlin. (from Culture of England)
Image 71King Charles II, a patron of the arts and sciences, supported the Royal Society, a scientific group whose early members included Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton. (from Culture of England)
Image 72King James I of England (from History of England)
Image 73National performing arts are held annually at the Royal Albert Hall, as well as The Proms during the summer. (from Culture of England)
Image 74Folio 27r from the Lindisfarne Gospels, c. 720 AD (from History of England)
Image 75Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol played a major role in reviving the "spirit" of Christmas and seasonal goodwill. (from Culture of England)
Image 76Remains of Hadrian's Wall (from History of England)
Image 77Canterbury Cathedral is the seat of the Primate of All England, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior bishop of the Church of England. (It was the property of the Roman Catholic Church before the English Reformation.) (from Culture of England)
Image 78A pint of real ale (from Culture of England)

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Birmingham (/ˈbɜːrmɪŋəm/ ^ⓘ BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in Britain – commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom – with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper. Birmingham borders the Black Country to its west and together with its city of Wolverhampton and towns including Dudley and Solihull to the south-east, forms the West Midlands conurbation. The wider metropolitan area has a population of 4.3 million, making it the largest outside of London.

Located in the West Midlands region of England, approximately 100 miles (160 km) from London, Birmingham is considered to be the social, cultural, financial and commercial centre of the Midlands. It is just west of the traditional centre point of England at Meriden, and is the most inland major city in the country, and lying north of the Cotswolds and east of the Shropshire Hills. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole – one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city centre. The city does however have numerous canals, collectively named the Birmingham Canal Navigations. (Full article...)

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Did you know?

The Westminster Assembly

... that the 1643 Westminster Assembly, which was appointed by the Parliament of England to restructure the Church of England, produced the Westminster Confession, the foundation of the Presbyterian Church?
... that Declaration of Sports was a 1617 declaration of James I of England listing archery and dancing as permissible on Sundays and that Puritans in Parliament had it publicly burned in 1643?
... that Jemmy Button was a Yaghan from Tierra del Fuego who was bought for a mother-of-pearl button in 1830 and taken on HMS Beagle to meet the King and Queen of England?

In the news

13 November 2023 – November 2023 British cabinet reshuffle: Prime Minister Rishi Sunak dismisses Suella Braverman as Home Secretary after Braverman condemned a pro-Palestinian protest in central London, replacing her with Foreign Secretary James Cleverly and appointing former Prime Minister David Cameron as the new Foreign Secretary. (AFP via NDTV) (CNN)
12 November 2023 –: Six people are killed in a fire at a bungalow in Hounslow, West London, United Kingdom. The fire is believed to have started during Diwali celebrations which led to nearby trees catching on fire. (The Independent)
11 November 2023 – 2023 Israel–Hamas war protests: Hundreds of thousands of people gather in Central London to march in solidarity with Palestine. (Al Jazeera)

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“

England... is a nation of shopkeepers

”

— Napoleon

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Related WikiProjects

England • Bedfordshire • Brighton • Cheshire • Cornwall • Derbyshire • Dorset • Greater Manchester • Hampshire • Lincolnshire • London • Merseyside • Northamptonshire • North East England • Sheffield • Surrey. Warwickshire • West Midlands • Worcestershire • Yorkshire

Topics

Cities and major towns: Blackpool • Birmingham • Bristol • Chelmsford • Leeds • Liverpool • London • Manchester • Newcastle • Nottingham • Oxford • Portsmouth • Sheffield • Southampton • Stoke-on-Trent

Culture: The Football Association • Rugby Football Union • England and Wales Cricket Board • English inventions and discoveries

Geography: Geology • Climate • Mountains and hills • Islands • Rivers

Economy: Bank of England • London Stock Exchange • Chancellor of the Exchequer • Monetary Policy Committee • HM Treasury

History: Timeline of English history • Prehistoric Britain • Roman Britain • Anglo-Saxon England • Norman England • Plantagenet England • House of Lancaster • House of York • House of Tudor • House of Stuart

Governance: Kingdom of England • Prime Minister of the United Kingdom • Parliament of the United Kingdom • Home Secretary • Local Government Boundary Commission for England • Administrative divisions of England • English law

Symbols: Flags • Flag of England • St George's Cross • Tudor rose • Coat of arms of England

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