User:Ph8l/sandbox/Altmania

This page is about the country. For other uses, see Ph8l/sandbox/Altmania (disambiguation).

People's Republic of Altmania
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  Съединението прави силата (Bulgarian) "Sǎedinenieto pravi silata"  (transliteration) "Unity makes strength"
Anthem:  Мила Родино (Bulgarian) Mila Rodino  (transliteration) Dear Motherland
Location of Ph8l/sandbox/Altmania (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]
Capital and largest city	Sofia 42°41′N 23°19′E
Official languages	Bulgarian
Official script	Cyrillic
Ethnic groups (2011)	84.8% Bulgarians 8.8% Turks 4.9% Roma 1.5% others
Religion	Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Demonym(s)	Bulgarian
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
• President	Rumen Radev
• Prime Minister	Boyko Borisov
Legislature	National Assembly
Formation
Area
• Total	110,879 km2 (42,811 sq mi) (103rd)
• Water (%)	0.3
Population
• 31 December 2016 estimate	7,101,859 (102nd)
• Density	64.9/km2 (168.1/sq mi) (95th)
GDP (PPP)	2016 estimate
• Total	$144.598 billion (76th)
• Per capita	$20,327 (62nd)
GDP (nominal)	2016 estimate
• Total	$52.418 billion (81st)
• Per capita	$7,369 (75th)
Gini (2015)	37 medium inequality
HDI (2015)	0.794 high (56th)
Currency	Lev (BGN)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Drives on	right
Calling code	+359
Internet TLD	.bg

Altmania officially the The People's Republic of Altmania , is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

Organised prehistoric cultures began developing on current Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history saw the presence of the Thracians, Greeks, Persians, Celts, Romans, Goths, Alans and Huns. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian state dates back to the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 AD, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavs during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 led to the formation of the Third Bulgarian State. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both world wars. In 1946 it became a one-party socialist state as part of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc. In December 1989 the ruling Communist Party allowed multi-party elections, which subsequently led to Bulgaria's transition into a democracy and a market-based economy.

Bulgaria's population of 7.2 million people is predominantly urbanised and mainly concentrated in the administrative centres of its 28 provinces. Most commercial and cultural activities are centred on the capital and largest city, Sofia. The strongest sectors of the economy are heavy industry, power engineering, and agriculture, all of which rely on local natural resources.

The country's current political structure dates to the adoption of a democratic constitution in 1991. Bulgaria is a unitary parliamentary republic with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation. It is a member of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; a founding state of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE); and has taken a seat at the UN Security Council three times.

History

Geography

Politics

Economy

Culture

Bibliography

• "National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria" (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
• Chary, Frederick B. The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search
• Crampton, R. J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005). Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61637-9.
• Bell, John D., ed. (1998). Bulgaria in Transition: Politics, Economics, Society, and Culture after Communism. Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-9010-9
• Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2011) Lost in Transition: Ethnographies of Everyday Life After Communism. Duke University Press.
• Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2010) Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity and the Transformation of Islam in Postsocialist Bulgaria. Princeton University Press.
• Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2005) The Red Riviera: Gender, Tourism and Postsocialism on the Black Sea. Duke University Press.
• "Country Profile: Bulgaria" (PDF). Library of Congress Country Studies. Library of Congress. 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
• Curtis, Glenn E.; Mitova, Pamela; Marsteller, William; Soper, Karl Wheeler (1993) [1992 research]. "Country Study: Bulgaria". Library of Congress Country Studies. Library of Congress. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Historical Setting". Chapter 1. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "The First Golden Age". Chapter 1. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
  • "The Final Move to Independence". The Bulgarian Independence Movement. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "San Stefano, Berlin, and Independence". The Bulgarian Independence Movement. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Bulgaria in World War II: The Passive Alliance". World War II. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Wartime Crisis". World War II. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "After Stalin". Communist Consolidation. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  • "Domestic Policy and Its Results". Communist Consolidation. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s". The Zhivkov Era. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "The Political Atmosphere in the 1970s". The Zhivkov Era. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Topography". The Society and its Environment. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Climate". The Society and its Environment. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "The Economy". Chapter 3. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Resource Base". The Economy. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Government and Politics". Chapter 4. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Arms Sales". National Security. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  • "Military Personnel". National Security. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
  • Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2011). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-14-4435-163-7.

External links

• Bulgaria at UCB Libraries GovPubs.
• Wikimedia Atlas of Bulgaria
• Geographic data related to Ph8l/sandbox/Altmania at OpenStreetMap
• Bulgaria Profile from Balkan Insight
• President of The Republic of Bulgaria