Portal:China/Anniversaries/December

These are the selected anniversaries for December that appear on the China portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

December 1

Births

• 1916 – Wan Li, Chinese politician

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December 2

Events

• 1908 – Child Emperor Pu Yi ascends the Chinese throne at age 2.
• 1954 – The Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, between the United States and the Republic of China (Taiwan), is signed in Washington, DC.

Births

• 885 – Li Cunxu, Chinese emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty (d. 926)

Deaths

• 1972 – Yip Man, Chinese martial artist (b. 1893)

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December 3

Events

• 1992 – The 1992 Consensus is finalised between the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait, setting the foundation for cross-strait dialogue between Mainland China and Taiwan.
• 1997 – In Ottawa, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign a treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel landmines. The United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty, however.

Deaths

• 2004 – Shiing-Shen Chern, Chinese mathematician (b. 1911)

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December 4

Events

• 1982 – The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.

Births

• 1892 – Liu Bocheng, Chinese army officer (d. 1986)
• 1895 – Fung Yu-lan, Chinese philosopher (d. 1990)
• 1982 – Ho-Pin Tung, Dutch-Chinese race car driver
• 1992 – Guan Xueting, Chinese ice dancer

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December 5

Births

• 852 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor of the Later Liang Dynasty (d. 912)
• 1377 – Jianwen Emperor of China (d. 1402)
• 1907 – Lin Biao, Chinese military officer and politician, Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1971)

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December 6

Events

• 2005 – Several villagers are shot dead during protests in Dongzhou, China.

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December 7

Events

• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The government of Republic of China moves from Nanking to Taipei.

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December 8

Events

• 395 – Later Yan is defeated by its former vassal Northern Wei at the Battle of Canhe Slope.
• 757 – Du Fu returns to Chang'an as a member of Emperor Xuanzong's court, after having escaped the city during the An Lushan Rebellion.

Births

• 1900 – Sun Li-jen, Chinese general (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Rudolph Pariser, Chinese-American chemist
• 1983 – Liu Song, Chinese snooker player

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December 9

Events

• 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking – Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing.

Births

• 1447 – Chenghua Emperor of China (d. 1487)
• 1979 – Chen Hao, Chinese actress and singer

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December 10

Events

• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.

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December 11

Events

• 220 – Cao Pi forces Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate the Han Dynasty throne. The Cao Wei empire is established. The Three Kingdoms period begins.
• 1927 – Guangzhou Uprising: Communist militia and worker Red Guards launch an uprising in the Chinese city of Guangzhou, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
• 2001 – The People's Republic of China joins the World Trade Organization.

Births

• 1911 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
• 1966 – Leon Lai, Chinese singer and actor

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December 12

Events

• 1915 – President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai (pictured), announces his intention to reinstate the monarchy and proclaim himself Emperor of China.
• 1936 – Xi'an Incident: The Generalissimo of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek, is kidnapped by Zhang Xueliang.
• 1937 – USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink US gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze River in China.

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December 13

Events

• 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking – Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese.
• 1937 – Nanjing Massacre. Japanese troops begin carrying out several weeks worth of raping and murdering hundreds of thousands civilians and suspected Chinese resistance after the fall of Nanjing.

Births

• 1678 – Yongzheng Emperor of China (d. 1735)
• 1939 – Eric Flynn, Chinese-Welsh actor and singer (d. 2002)

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December 14

Events

• 1994 – Construction commences on the Three Gorges Dam, at Sandouping, Yiling, Hubei, China.

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December 15

Events

• 1161 – Military officers conspire against Emperor Hailingwang of the Jin dynasty and assassinate the emperor in a military camp near the Yangtze river front.
• 2008 – Direct shipping, flights, and mail between the two sides of the strait commences for the first time since the start of the Chinese Civil War.

Births

• 1983 – Wang Hao, Chinese table tennis player

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December 16

Events

• 755 – An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Yanjing, initiating the An Lushan Rebellion during the Tang dynasty of China.
• 1598 – Seven Year War: Battle of Noryang – Chinese General Chen Lin heavily damage the Japanese fleet, however, the Japanese army succeeds in retreating.
• 1920 – The Haiyuan earthquake, magnitude 8.5, rocks the Gansu province in China (map pictured), killing an estimated 200,000.
• 1950 – Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman declares a state of emergency, after Chinese troops enter the fight with communist North Korea.

Deaths

• 705 – Wu Zetian, Chinese wife Emperor Gaozong of Tang (b. 625)
• 2012 – John Chen Shi-zhong, Chinese bishop (b. 1917)

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December 17

Births

• 1987 – Bo Guagua, Chinese son of Bo Xilai

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December 18

Events

• 1271 – Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty of Mongolia and China.
• 1944 – World War II: 77 B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bomb Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.

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December 19

Events

• 1984 – The Sino-British Joint Declaration, stating that China would resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the United Kingdom would restore Hong Kong to China with effect from July 1, 1997 is signed in Beijing, China by Deng Xiaoping and Margaret Thatcher.

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December 20

Events

• 1941 – World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers" in Kunming, China.
• 1999 – Portugal transferred sovereignty of Macau, which it had administered since the mid-16th century, to China.

Deaths

• 1722 – Kangxi Emperor of China (b. 1654)
• 2006 – Shi Yuejun, Chinese spree killer (b. 1970)

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December 21

Births

• 1942 – Hu Jintao, Chinese politician, 6th President of the People's Republic of China
• 1944 – Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese diplomat (d. 2007)

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December 22

Events

• 1978 – The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform.

Births

• 1948 – Martin Yan, Chinese cook, host of Yan Can Cook

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December 23

Events

• 2003 – PetroChina Chuandongbei natural gas field explosion, Guoqiao, Kai County, Chongqing, China, killing at least 234.

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December 24

Events

• 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, where he is hosted by fellow poet Pei Di.

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December 25

Events

• 1932 – A magnitude 7.6 earthquake in Gansu, China kills 275 people.
• 1947 – The Constitution of the Republic of China goes into effect.

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December 26

Events

• 2009 – China opens the world's longest high-speed rail route, which links Beijing and Guangzhou.

Births

• 1893 – Mao Zedong, Chinese military leader and politician (portrait pictured) (d. 1976)
• 1959 – Wang Lijun, Chinese police officer

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December 27

Events

• 2001 – China is granted permanent normal trade relations with the United States.

Deaths

• 2012 – Tingye Li, Chinese-American physicist (b. 1931)

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December 28

Births

• 1902 – Shen Congwen, Chinese author (d. 1988)
• 1955 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese activist, Nobel Prize laureate

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December 29

Events

• 1911 – Sun Yat-sen becomes the provisional President of the Republic of China; he formally takes office on January 1, 1912.

Births

• 1899 – Nie Rongzhen, Chinese military leader (d. 1992)

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December 30

Events

• 2009 – A segment of the Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha pipeline ruptures in Shaanxi, China, and approximately 150,000 L (40,000 US gal) of diesel oil flows down the Wei River before finally reaching the Yellow River.

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December 31

Births

• 1961 – Nina Li, Chinese actress
• 1965 – Gong Li, Chinese actress

Deaths

• 669 – Li Shiji, Chinese chancellor (b. 594)
• 1650 – Dorgon, Chinese emperor (b. 1612)

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