Secular Progressive Alliance formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).
Secular Progressive Alliance | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairman | |
| Founder | M. Karunanidhi |
| Founded | April 2006 |
| Preceded by | DMK-led Alliance |
| Ideology | Majority: Socialism (India)[1][2] Factions: Social democracy Democratic socialism Communism[3][4] |
| Political position | Left-wing Factions: Centre-left to far-left |
| Alliance | I.N.D.I.A. (India) |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 40 / 40 |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 12 / 19 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 159 / 234
(Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 9 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 1 / 31 |
History
editThe alliance was known as the Democratic Progressive Alliance 2006–2009 and 2014–2016. It became the Secular Progressive Alliance in 2019.
Indian general elections
editState legislative assembly elections
edit| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2006 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI(M), CPI, PBK, Forward Bloc (Vallarasu) | 163 / 234
|
| 2006-2011 | 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, VCK, KMK, MMK, PMK | 31 / 234
|
| 2011-2016 | 2016 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, MMK, PT, PMK, TPWP, SSP | 98 / 234
|
| Secular Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2017-2021 | 2021 | DMK, INC, IUML, VCK, CPI, CPI(M), MMK, MDMK, PMK, KMDK, AIFB, TVK, MVK, ATP | 159 / 234
|
| Duration | Election Year | Allied parties | Seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Progressive Alliance | |||
| 2004-2021 | 2006 | DMK, INC, PMK, CPI | 20 / 30
|
| 2011 | DMK, INC, PMK, VCK | 9 / 30
| |
| 2016 | INC, DMK | 18 / 30
| |
| 2021 | INC, DMK, IUML, VCK, CPI, Independent | 9 / 30
| |
Members
editTamil Nadu
editPuducherry
edit| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 6 / 30
| |
| Indian National Congress | INC | Social liberalism | 2 / 30
| |
| Independents | IND | Independent | 1 / 30
| |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPIM | Marxism-Leninism | No Seats | |
| Communist Party of India | CPI | Marxism–Leninism | No Seats | |
| Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | VCK | Anti-casteism and Anti-classism | No Seats | |
| Aam Aadmi Party | AAP | Populism and Secularism | No Seats | |
| Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | Social Equality | No Seats | |
Withdrawals
edit| Political Party | State | Date | Reason for Withdrawal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Puratchi Bharatham Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2011 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2014 | Allied with NDA | |
| Social Democratic Party of India | Tamil Nadu | 2015 | Declared to Withdraw from DMK | |
| Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Puthiya Tamilagam | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with ADMK | |
| Perunthalaivar Makkal Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2019 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indian Uzhavar Uzhaippalar Katchi | Tamil Nadu | 2021 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi | 2021 | Allied with NDA | ||
| All India Forward Bloc | Tamil Nadu | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | |
| Indian National League | Tamil Nadu | 2024 | Allied with AIADMK | |
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the Centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the Centre. But after differences of seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. But before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK who offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA and as of now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Governments & Legislative leaders
edit- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006 - 2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016 - 2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021- incumbent)
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ "Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ^ Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- ^ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-199-97489-4.
- ^ "Party constitution". India: All India Forward Bloc. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.