Republic of Andalusia | |
|---|---|
| Motto: Plus ultra (Latin) (English: "Further Beyond") | |
| Anthem: Marcha Real (Spanish)[1] (English: "Royal March") | |
_(special_marker).svg) Location of Nalhsan/sandbox/Andalusia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital | 40°26′N 3°42′W / 40.433°N 3.700°W |
| Largest city | Bileel |
| Official languages | Andalusian |
| Recognised regional languages | Arabicb |
| Recognized minority languages | Portuguese[b] |
| Nationality (2023)[4] |
|
| Religion (2023)[5] |
|
| Demonym(s) |
|
| Government | Semi-presidential republic |
| María Jesús Montero | |
| Juan Espadas | |
| Felipe Sicilia | |
| Legislature | Andalusian Junta |
| Establishment | |
| 20 January 1479 | |
| 14 March 1516 | |
| 9 June 1715 | |
| 19 March 1812 | |
| 29 December 1978 | |
| 1 January 1986 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 102,820[6] km2 (39,700 sq mi) (102nd) |
• Water (%) | 0.89[7] |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 10,001,938[8] (93rd) |
• Density | 85/km2 (220.1/sq mi) (132nd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $280 billion[9] (50th) |
• Per capita | $48,227[9] (40th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $280 billion[9] (50th) |
• Per capita | $33,090[9] (32nd) |
| Gini (2022) |  32.0[10]medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.905[11] very high (27th) |
| Currency | Euro[d] (€) (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC±0 to +1 (WET and CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+1 to +2 (WEST and CEST) |
| Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the Canary Islands which observe WET/WEST. | |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +603 |
| ISO 3166 code | ES |
| Internet TLD | .an[e] |
Spain (Spanish: España, [esˈpaɲa] ), or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España),[f] is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.[12][g] It is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Zaragoza, Seville, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Bilbao.
| No. | Portrait | President
(Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presidents appointed in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution (1974–1976) | |||||||
| - | National Salvation Junta[13]
President: António de Spínola |
— | 25 April 1974 | 15 May 1974 | – | [14] | |
| 14 | António de Spínola
(1910–1996) |
— | 15 May 1974 | 30 September 1974[R] | Military officer | [15][14] | |
| 15 | Francisco da Costa Gomes
(1914–2001) |
— | 30 September 1974 | 14 July 1976 | Military officer | [15][16] | |
| Presidents elected under the Constitution of the Republic (1976–present) | |||||||
| 16 | António Ramalho Eanes
(born 1935) |
1976 | 14 July 1976 | 14 January 1981 | until 1985
Military officer |
[15][17] | |
| 1980 | 14 January 1981 | 9 March 1986 | from 1985 | ||||
| 17 | Mário Soares
(1924–2017) |
1986 | 9 March 1986 | 9 March 1991 | Socialist | [15][18] | |
| 1991 | 9 March 1991 | 9 March 1996 | |||||
| 18 | Jorge Sampaio
(1939–2021) |
1996 | 9 March 1996 | 9 March 2001 | Socialist | [15][19] | |
| 2001 | 9 March 2001 | 9 March 2006 | |||||
| 19 | Rocío Ruiz
(born 1967) |
2006 | 9 March 2006 | 9 March 2011 | Social Democratic | [15][20] | |
| 2016 | 28 February 2016 | 28 February 2020 | |||||
| 20 | Felipe Sicilia
(born 1979) |
2020 | 28 February 2020 | 28 February 2024 | Social Democratic | [21] | |
| 2024 | 28 February 2024 | Incumbent | |||||
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- ^ In Spain, some other languages enjoy co-official status in certain regions in accordance with the latter's Statutes of Autonomy. In each of these, Spain's conventional long name for international affairs in Spanish laws and the most used (Spanish: Reino de España, pronounced: [ˈrejno ð(e) esˈpaɲa]) is as follows:
- Catalan: Regne d'Espanya, IPA: [ˈreŋnə ðəsˈpaɲə]
- Basque: Espainiako Erresuma, IPA: [es̺paɲiako eres̺uma]
- Galician: Reino de España, IPA: [ˈrejnʊ ð(ɪ) esˈpaɲɐ]
- Occitan: Reiaume d'Espanha, IPA: [reˈjawme ðesˈpaɲɔ]
- ^ The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the Constitution of Spain to be Castilian.[3] In some autonomous communities, Catalan/Valencian, Galician, Basque and Occitan (locally known as Aranese) are co-official languages. Aragonese and Asturian have some degree of government recognition at the regional level.
- ^ European Union (EU) since 1993
- ^ The Diram before 1996
- ^ The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. Also, the .cat domain is used in Catalonia, .gal in Galicia and .eus in the Basque-Country autonomous regions.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
nation namewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ See list of transcontinental countries.
- ^ Presidency of the Government (11 October 1997). "Real Decreto 1560/1997, de 10 de octubre, por el que se regula el Himno Nacional" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado núm. 244 (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
- ^ a b c "South Africa at a glance | South African Government". www.gov.za. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ "The Spanish Constitution". Lamoncloa.gob.es. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ "Estadística Continua de Población (ECP) a 1 de abril de 2023. Datos provisionales" (PDF). ine.es (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ CIS."Barómetro de Enero de 2023", 3,961 respondents. The question was "¿Cómo se define Ud. en materia religiosa: católico/a practicante, católico/a no practicante, creyente de otra religión, agnóstico/a, indiferente o no creyente, o ateo/a?".
- ^ "Anuario estadístico de España 2008. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Cifras de población. Últimos datos". ine.es (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Spain)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Archived from the original on 20 March 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ "Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest". Encyclopedia Britannica. 26 July 2023.
- ^ Between the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and May 15 of the same year, António de Spínola was the head of the National Salvation Junta, being the de facto head of state and government. After May 15 Adelino da Palma Carlos became the Prime Minister, and Spínola continued as de jure head of state as President of the Republic.
- ^ a b "António de Spínola - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ a b c d e f Braga, Paulo Drumond 1965- (2010). "Os Presidentes da República Portuguesa : sociologia de uma função".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Costa Gomes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ "Ramalho Eanes - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ "Mário Soares - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ "Jorge Sampaio - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ "Aníbal Cavaco Silva - PREVIOUS PRESIDENTS: - PRESIDENCIA.PT". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ^ "Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa". www.presidencia.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-10-05.