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Chilliwack
Tcil'Qe'uk
City
Nickname: 
The Wack
Motto(s): 
"Cor Viride Provinciae"  (Latin)
"The Green Heart of the Province"
Buffalkill/sandbox/Chwk is located in British Columbia
Buffalkill/sandbox/Chwk
Location of Chilliwack in British Columbia
Buffalkill/sandbox/Chwk is located in Fraser Valley Regional District
Buffalkill/sandbox/Chwk
Buffalkill/sandbox/Chwk (Fraser Valley Regional District)
Coordinates: 49°09′27.8″N 121°57′03.3″W / 49.157722°N 121.950917°W / 49.157722; -121.950917
CountryCanada
ProvinceBritish Columbia
Regional districtFraser Valley
Settledc. 3,000 BCE
Incorporated1873; 151 years ago (1873)
Amalgamated1980; 44 years ago (1980)
Government
 • MayorKen Popove
 • Governing bodyChilliwack City Council
Area
 • City261 km2 (101 sq mi)
 • Water20 km2 (8 sq mi)
 • Metro
1,444 km2 (558 sq mi)
Elevation
10 m (30 ft)
Population
 (2021)
 • Metro
113,767
 • Metro density78.8/km2 (204/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−08:00 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)
Postal codes
Area codes
Highways Hwy 1 (TCH)
Hwy 9
Waterways

Chilliwack (/ˈtʃɪləwæk/ CHIL-ə-wak) is a city of about 100,000 people and 261 km2 (100 sq mi) in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located about 100 km (62 mi) east of the City of Vancouver in the Fraser Valley. The enumerated population is 93,203 in the city and 113,767 in the greater metropolitan area. It is the second-fastest growing metropolitan area in Canada.

The city is on the traditional, ancestral and unceded territory of the Stó꞉lō Coast Salish peoples. It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans, there were as many as 40,000 people living within Stó:lō territory.

About two-thirds of city land is protected as part of the Agricultural Land Reserve, and agriculture accounts for about 30 percent of the local economy. The city is bounded on the north side by the Fraser River, on the south side by the Vedder River and Canada–United States border, and is surrounded by tall mountain peaks, such as Mount Cheam and Slesse Mountain.

Etymology edit

In Halq'eméylem, the language of the Stó:lō communities around Chilliwack and Sardis, Tcil'Qe'uk means "valley of many streams".[1] It also lends its name to the Chilliwack River, and group of aboriginal people, the Ts'elxwéyeqw (also spelt Ts'elxwíqw or Sts'elxwíqw).[2] The spelling of Chilliwack is sometimes a matter of confusion. Prior to the amalgamation of the City of Chilliwack and the Municipality of Chilliwhack, there were two different spellings. When amalgamated, the current spelling of the city was adopted.[3] Anglicized spellings include "Chilliwhyeuk" and other versions closer to the original Halq'eméylem.

History edit

The archeological record shows evidence of Stó:lō people in the Fraser Valley, or S'ólh Téméxw, 10,000 years ago. Permanent structures in the Chilliwack area date from around 5,000 years ago.[4] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans, there were as many as 40,000 people living within Stó:lō territory.

19th century edit

In the mid-nineteenth century, thousands of gold miners transited the area en route to the goldfields of the upper Fraser River. By the mid-1860s, settlers had established farms around Codville's Landing, Miller's Landing, Minto Landing, Sumas Landing, and Chilliwack Landing along the Fraser River.

On 26 April 1873, the "Corporation of the Township of Chilliwhack" (note the variant spelling) became the third municipality incorporated by the Province of British Columbia. The town centre at the time was concentrated at Chilliwack Landing along the Fraser River.[5] Steamboats were the main mode of transportation, carrying goods and passengers between Chilliwhack and New Westminster. After the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1885, many residents began to cross the Fraser River at Minto Landing to ride the train from Harrison Mills.[6][7]

In 1881, with little room for expansion and the threat of floods constantly looming, the town centre was moved south to "Five Corners" at the junction of the New Westminster-Yale Wagon Road, Wellington Avenue and Young Road. This subdivision was initially named "Centreville", but later was renamed "Chilliwack", as it was more commonly referred to by locals in 1887. The area would experience catastrophic flooding in 1894, 1935, 1948 and 2021.[8][9]

On 20 April 1891, Richard Plunkett Cooke, George de Wolf, and Walter E. Graveley established the Chilliwhack Railway Company.[10]

Early 20th century edit

On 20 February 1908, the area that was then known as Chilliwack, i.e., the subdivision within the greater Chilliwhack Township, was proclaimed as the City of Chilliwack by letters patent issued by the provincial government under the Chilliwack City Incorporation Act. The City of Chilliwack and the Township of Chilliwhack co-existed as separately administered municipalities until 1980.[11]

On 4 October 1910, the British Columbia Electric Railway began operating regularly scheduled passenger service on the New Westminster–Chilliwack Interurban Line.[12]

In 1941, Camp Chilliwack was established following Canada's entry into the Second World War in 1939. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the camp was expanded to garrison Canadian Army units for the defence of Canada's West Coast. It continued to be used as a permanent training facility and army garrison during the Cold War. Following the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, the base was renamed Canadian Forces Base Chilliwack (CFB Chilliwack). The base housed the following units:

Late 20th century edit

On 1 January 1980, the Township of Chilliwhack and the City of Chilliwack amalgamated to form a single municipality styled the District of Chilliwack, following the passage of referendae in both municipalities.[13] On 16 July 1999, the District of Chilliwack, once again, was renamed the City of Chilliwack.[14] To the present day, locals idiosyncratically use the same name to refer to the city as a whole, and to the old city centre. It is also the name of the greater metropolitan area encompassing adjacent sovereign indigenous nations, municipalities, and unincorporated areas.

In 1997, following the end of the Cold War a few years earlier, CFB Chilliwack closed. Its training facilities were converted into the Canada Education Park, a campus for multiple institutions, including the Justice Institute of British Columbia, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the University of the Fraser Valley, and the Western Area Training Centre (WATC). Today it also houses supply depots for the 39 Canadian Brigade Group of the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Army Cadets. The old quartermaster warehouse became the Canadian Military Education Centre Museum.[15]

Cityscape edit

Chilliwack is on the traditional, ancestral and unceded territory of the Stó꞉lō Coast Salish peoples.[16] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans, there were as many as 40,000 people living within Stó:lō territory. Today, around 6,240 people, or five percent, of the greater metropolitan area's population live on First Nations land, also known as Indian reserves.[17]

The city is bounded in the north by the Fraser River, in the east by the Eastern Hillsides, in the south by the Vedder River and Canada–US border, and in the west by the Vedder Canal. It is surrounded by the tall mountain peaks of the North Cascades, Cheam Range, and Skagit Range. Cheam Peak, Lady Peak and Slesse Mountain are especially prominent and can be seen from anywhere in the city on a clear day. The city has an urban core that follows a north–south axis, with the Trans-Canada Highway as the dividing line between north and south. About two-thirds of the city's land base is protected farmland.[18]

There are 662 km (411 mi) of roads and 673 km (418 mi) of active transportation infrastructure throughout the city.[19]


Parks edit

sub-topics edit

  • Land use, city planning Neighbourhood Map
  • Neighbourhoods
    Main article: Neighbourhoods in Chilliwack
  • Road network
  • Parks
  • Golf courses:
    • Cheam Mountain Golf Course
    • Meadowlands Golf and Country Club
    • The Falls Golf Club
    • Chilliwack Golf Club
    • Royalwood Golf Club
    • Kinkora Golf Course
    • Cultus Lake Golf Club
    • Bridal Falls Golf Club

Government edit

Chilliwack City Council is the governing body for the city. Its powers and responsibilities are derived from the Local Government Act, and the Community Charter. It has the power of a natural person, the power to expropriate, and the power to establish and enforce bylaws. It raises funds through property taxes and user fees, and can borrow a limited amount through the Municipal Finance Authority of British Columbia to pay for capital costs. Some areas of regional concern are administered by the Fraser Valley Regional District, which also provides local government services, such as land use planning, building inspection, waste management, and fire protection for unincorporated areas.[20][21]

Chilliwack is represented in the House of Commons of Canada by the member of parliament for the Chilliwack—Hope riding. Chilliwack is represented in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia by the representatives for Chilliwack and Chilliwack-Kent. The boundaries and names of the provincial ridings will change after the 2024 British Columbia general election. The Chilliwack riding will be renamed Chilliwack North and Chilliwack-Kent will be renamed Chilliwack-Cultus Lake.[22]

Demographics edit

The enumerated population is 93,203 in the city and 113,767 in the greater metropolitan area. It is the second-fastest growing metropolitan area in Canada.[23][24]

Ethnicity edit

Panethnic groups in the City of Chilliwack (2001−2021)
Panethnic
group 		2021[25] 2016[26] 2011[27] 2006[28] 2001[29]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 73,865 80.3% 69,810 84.92% 67,210 87.37% 62,205 90.59% 57,020 91.52%
Indigenous 7,255 7.89% 6,585 8.01% 6,030 7.84% 3,400 4.95% 2,550 4.09%
South Asian 3,025 3.29% 1,260 1.53% 715 0.93% 555 0.81% 465 0.75%
Southeast Asian[b] 2,425 2.64% 1,250 1.52% 855 1.11% 340 0.5% 580 0.93%
East Asian[c] 2,215 2.41% 1,580 1.92% 1,100 1.43% 1,070 1.56% 910 1.46%
Latin American 1,015 1.1% 500 0.61% 370 0.48% 475 0.69% 295 0.47%
African 1,005 1.09% 685 0.83% 325 0.42% 250 0.36% 270 0.43%
Middle Eastern[d] 510 0.55% 200 0.24% 75 0.1% 110 0.16% 65 0.1%
Other[e] 675 0.73% 345 0.42% 245 0.32% 260 0.38% 150 0.24%
Total responses 91,985 98.69% 82,210 98.12% 76,930 98.71% 68,670 99.21% 62,300 99%
Total population 93,203 100% 83,788 100% 77,936 100% 69,217 100% 62,927 100%
  1. ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  • Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.

Religion edit

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Chilliwack included:[25]

Languages edit

Language demographics

Society edit

Notable people edit

See also: Category:People from Chilliwack
 
Piper James C. Richardson was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry at the Battle of the Somme
 
Former lieutenant governor Steven Point hails from Chilliwack
Academics
Activists
Athletes
Arts and entertainment
Journalists
Jurists
Military
Politicians
Writers
Others

Media edit

Main article: Media in the Fraser Valley

Newspapers edit

  • Chilliwack Progress - British Columbia's oldest community newspaper, published continuously with the same name in the same community since April 1891

Chilliwack Times published its final edition on December 28, 2016.[34]

Radio edit

Television edit

Sports edit

See also: Category:Sport in Chilliwack

Economy edit

Chilliwack is part of the Lower Mainland-Southwest economic region.

Climate edit

The climate is typical oceanic (Köppen: Cfb) but with some influence of the land mass being some distance from the sea, similar to Orléans, France (although the former has a precipitation more than twice as long and with a tendency towards the Mediterranean pattern).[35][36][37] Chilliwack's mild climate with limited extremes provides excellent growing conditions for a wide variety of crops and agricultural products. In fact, when averaged from 1981 to 2010, Chilliwack had one of the warmest mean temperatures for any city in Canada.[38]

The highest temperature recorded within the city of Chilliwack is 43.7 °C (110.7 °F) on June 28, 2021,[39] which was set during the 2021 Western North America Heat wave, beating the old mark of 38.0 °C (100.4 °F) recorded on July 21, 2006.[40] The lowest recorded temperature was −21.7 °C (−7.1 °F) on Dec 27, 1968.[40] Precipitation falls mostly as rain, with snow limited to the surrounding mountains, except for two or three weeks per year generally in December or January when artic outflow occurs. Chilliwack enjoys some of the warmest average high temperatures in Canada, with 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) being the yearly average high.[40]

Chilliwack receives nearly the same number of days of precipitation (184.6 days at greater than 0.2 mm) as comparable local communities nearer Vancouver such as Maple Ridge (185.8 days) and the City of Mission (186.0 days) (Environment Canada Statistics). Summers in Chilliwack are usually sunny and warm, with long days (light out until well after 10 pm in June with dusk that lasts for hours) and with occasional stretches of heat where temperatures rise above 30 °C (86 °F).

Due to its location at the eastern end of the Fraser Valley, there has been some debate about preserving Chilliwack's air quality. However, the 2011 World Health Organization's study of air quality shows that Chilliwack enjoys air quality among the best in the world. For PM10 (10 µm) size particulates, Canada averaged third best in the world (along with Australia) at an average of 13 micrograms per cubic metre. The City of Chilliwack and the Greater Vancouver Regional District were tied at a low 8.0 MPCM. For smaller particulate of 2.5 µm size (PM2.5), "the City of Chilliwack averaged 4.9 micrograms per cubic metre. Vancouver also had 4.9, Calgary had 5.6, Winnipeg had 5.6, Toronto had 7.9, Montreal had 11.2 and Sarnia had 12.7."

Climate data for Chilliwack Airport - Cultus Lake, British Columbia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		25.8
(78.4) 		32.2
(90.0) 		34.5
(94.1) 		43.7
(110.7) 		38.0
(100.4) 		38.2
(100.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		27.8
(82.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		19.0
(66.2) 		43.7
(110.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		15.8
(60.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.3
(77.5) 		22.3
(72.1) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.3
(48.7) 		6.0
(42.8) 		15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.2
(43.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		10.8
(51.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		5.2
(41.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		11.0
(51.8) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.4
(43.5) 		3.1
(37.6) 		0.5
(32.9) 		6.0
(42.8)
Record low °C (°F) −20.6
(−5.1) 		−16.7
(1.9) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−14.4
(6.1) 		−21.7
(−7.1) 		−21.7
(−7.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 233.5
(9.19) 		125.8
(4.95) 		154.7
(6.09) 		116.3
(4.58) 		93.1
(3.67) 		91.7
(3.61) 		48.1
(1.89) 		56.7
(2.23) 		75.2
(2.96) 		178.5
(7.03) 		283.8
(11.17) 		210.1
(8.27) 		1,667.5
(65.65)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 206.9
(8.15) 		114.7
(4.52) 		143.7
(5.66) 		115.2
(4.54) 		93.1
(3.67) 		91.7
(3.61) 		48.1
(1.89) 		56.7
(2.23) 		75.2
(2.96) 		178.4
(7.02) 		272.7
(10.74) 		185.8
(7.31) 		1,582.2
(62.29)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 26.6
(10.5) 		11.2
(4.4) 		11.0
(4.3) 		1.1
(0.4) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.1
(0.0) 		11.2
(4.4) 		24.3
(9.6) 		85.3
(33.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.6 15.9 19.7 17.5 15.8 14.6 8.7 8.5 9.9 17.1 21.5 20.1 189.9
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 18.6 14.6 19.2 17.5 15.8 14.6 8.7 8.5 9.9 17.1 20.9 18.4 183.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 5.0 2.9 1.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 4.8 16.8
Source: Environment Canada[41][42][43]


Transportation edit

Airports edit

Vancouver International Airport is located about 113 km (70 mi) from downtown Chilliwack and has non-stop flights daily to Asia, Europe, Oceania, the United States, and Mexico, and other airports within Canada. Abbotsford International Airport is located about 42 km (26 mi) west of Downtown Chilliwack and offers scheduled service to Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto and Victoria, where passengers can connect to anywhere.

 
Chilliwack Airport

Chilliwack Airport is a small regional airport located in Downtown Chilliwack. It has 1,219 m (3,999 ft) of paved and lit runway that includes a parallel taxiway. Approximately 70% of the estimated 60,000 annual air traffic movements are itinerant traffic that consists of both pilot training and recreational flights from all around BC and south of the border.

Active transportation edit

There are 673 km (418 mi) of active transportation throughout the city, the most per capita of any municipality in the Lower Mainland.[44]

Highways edit

 
Trans-Canada Highway at dawn in Chilliwack

A four-lane to six-lane expressway from Horseshoe Bay to Hope runs through Chilliwack on the Lower Mainland section of the Trans-Canada Highway.

The Agassiz-Rosedale Highway is a north–south route in the eastern part of Chilliwack that acts as the last connection between Highways 1 and 7 eastbound before Hope, and is the main access to the resort village of Harrison Hot Springs. The highway first opened in 1953, originally going between Yale Road in Rosedale and Highway 7, with a ferry across the Fraser River. A bridge replaced the ferry in 1956. When the section of Highway 1 east of Chilliwack opened in 1961, Highway 9 was extended south to a junction with the new Highway 1 alignment, which replaced Yale Road as the main route between Chilliwack and Hope.

Mass transit edit

Main article: Chilliwack/Agassiz-Harrison Transit System
 
Until the railway and road access were built most travel to Chilliwack was done via paddlewheelers

Chilliwack Transit System consists of a fleet of 9 buses that operate along regularly scheduled routes throughout the metropolitan area.

Passenger rail edit

British Columbia
Electric Railway
Legend
 
 city lines
 
 interurban lines
 
 North Vancouver
 
 
Burrard Inlet
 
 Vancouver
 
 
 
 
 Burnaby
 
 
 
 New Westminster
 
 
Fraser River
 
 
 Surrey
 
 
 Langley
 
 
 Abbotsford
 
 
 Chilliwack
 
 Richmond
Georgia Strait
 
 
 Deep Cove
 
 North Saanich
 
 Saanich
 
 
 
 Esquimalt
 
 Victoria

Chilliwack historically was served by the British Columbia Electric Railway New Westminster–Chilliwack interurban line. The company announced its "Rails-to-Rubber" conversion programme in 1944, and the Chilliwack line ceased service in 1950.[45]

In 2019, the South Fraser Community Rail Society was launched by former BC premier Bill Vander Zalm and former mayor of Langley Township Rick Green, to resurrect passenger service using the former BCER right-of-way. The proposed light-rail line would be 103 km (64 mi) long.[46][47]

Education edit

The Canada Education Park is an 86-acre (35 ha) campus located on the former site of CFB Chilliwack that houses multiple learning institutions, including the Justice Institute of British Columbia, the RCMP Pacific Region Training Centre, and the University of the Fraser Valley.

The Chilliwack School District operates 32 public schools, and the Francophone Education Authority of British Columbia operates one public francophone school in Chilliwack. There are also eight private schools that operate independently.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Chilliwack River". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ Chilliwack Museum and Archives
  3. ^ "History of Chilliwack". gov.chilliwack.bc.ca. City of Chilliwack. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
  4. ^ Carlson, Keith Thor (2001). A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Vancouver, BC: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 18–20. ISBN 1-55054-812-3.
  5. ^ Harvey, A.G. "Place Names File". BC Geographical Names. Provincial Archives of BC. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  6. ^ "Chilliwack Municipal Government Records" (PDF). chilliwackmuseum.ca. Chilliwack Archives. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  7. ^ "History of Chilliwack". chilliwack.com. City of Chilliwack. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Abbotsford, B.C., issues urgent appeal to evacuate Sumas Prairie citing possible catastrophic flooding". cbc.ca. November 16, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  9. ^ Evans, Tristan. "A History of Flooding in the Fraser Valley". chilliwackmuseum.ca. Chilliwack Museum & Archives. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  10. ^ "Chilliwack Railway Company Act, 1891". bclaws.gov.bc.ca. King's Printer. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  11. ^ "Chilliwack Has Letters Patent". Chilliwack Progress. No. 48. 26 February 1908. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  12. ^ Ewert, Henry (January–February 2010). "British Columbia Electric Railway Company Limited" (PDF). Canadian Rail (534): 3–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Staff Melding Now Underway". Chilliwack Progress. No. 10. 20 June 1979. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  14. ^ "Order in Council No. 879-1999". bclaws.gov.bc.ca. Province of British Columbia. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference cmec was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ "Land Acknowledgement Added to City Council Meetings and Email Signatures". engagechilliwack.com. City of Chilliwack. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  18. ^ "2040 Official Community Plan" (PDF). chilliwack.com. City of Chilliwack. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  19. ^ "General Statistics - Schedule 201". Municipal general and financial statistics - Province of British Columbia. Ministry of Municipal Affairs. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  20. ^ Local Government Act, RSBC 2015, c 1, <https://canlii.ca/t/8vs2> retrieved on 2024-02-28
  21. ^ Community Charter, SBC 2003, c 26, <https://canlii.ca/t/84m0> retrieved on 2024-02-28
  22. ^ "Final report". bcebc.ca. British Columbia Electoral Boundaries Commission. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  23. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  24. ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
  25. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  26. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  27. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  28. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  29. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  30. ^ Lazaruk, Susan (2011-06-25). "'Moving, simple and beautiful' services held for Betty Fox, 73". Postmedia News. Windsor Star. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 2011-06-27.
  31. ^ Fox, Michael J. (2002). Lucky Man: A Memoir (first ed.). Hyperion. p. 32. ISBN 0-7868-6764-7. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  32. ^ "Chilliwack secondary grad from 1990 wins golden Grammy". Black Press. Chiliwack Progress. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  33. ^ Gould, Stephanie (6 September 2002). "The thrill of the grass". Chilliwack Progress. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  34. ^ "POST SCRIPT: Chilliwack Times publishes final edition - News". Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  35. ^ "Chilliwack, British Columbia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
  36. ^ "Climatological Information for Besançon, France". Meteo France. 14 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  37. ^ "Orléans (45)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  38. ^ David Phillips (2010). "WeatherStats: Weather Winners". Environment Canada.
  39. ^ "Historical Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada". 31 October 2011.
  40. ^ a b c "Chilliwack A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Aug 23, 2021. Archived from the original on 2016-06-29. Retrieved Aug 23, 2021.
  41. ^ "Chilliwack A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. 25 September 2013.
  42. ^ "Cultus Lake". Daily Data Report For Aug 2021. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011.
  43. ^ "Cultus Lake". Daily Data Report For June 2021. Environment Canada. 31 October 2011.
  44. ^ "General Statistics - Schedule 201". Municipal general and financial statistics - Province of British Columbia. Ministry of Municipal Affairs. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  45. ^ Ewert, Henry (January–February 2010). "British Columbia Electric Railway Company Limited" (PDF). Canadian Rail (534): 3–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  46. ^ Gold, Kerry (July 12, 2019). "Push begins to rebuild Vancouver-Chilliwack rail line". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on July 12, 2019. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  47. ^ "South Fraser Community Rail". Retrieved 26 November 2023.

External links edit


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