Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra (Arabic: قصي ٱبن كلاب ٱبن مرة, romanized: Quṣayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murra; c. 400–480) was the 5th-century ruler of Mecca, who established the Quraysh as the dominant power in Mecca. Following his death, a succession crisis arose between his sons Abd al-Dar and al-Mughira.
| Qusayy ibn Kilab قصي ٱبن كلاب | |
|---|---|
| Qaid of Mecca | |
| Rule | Early 5th century – 480 |
| Predecessor | Position established |
| Successor | Al-Mughira ibn Qusayy |
| Born | c. 400 Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia |
| Died | c. 480 Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia |
| Spouse | Hubba bint Hulayl |
| Issue | Abd al-Dar Abd al-Uzza Al-Mughira |
| Tribe | Quraysh |
| Father | Kilab ibn Murra (father) |
| Mother | Fatimah bint Sa'd |
LifeEdit
Qusayy was born in Mecca in c. 400. Qusayy's birth name might have been Zayd.[1] While Qusayy was an infant, his father Kilab ibn Murra died. Qusayy's mother Fatima bint Sa'd hailed from the Banu al-Azd clan.
According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of Ibrahim (Abraham) through his son Isma'il (Ishmael). His elder brother Zuhrah ibn Kilab was the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan. After his father's death his mother Fatimah bint Sa'd ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to Syria, where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.[2] His uncle was Taym ibn Murrah ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn An-Nadr ibn Kinanah, who was of the Quraysh al-Bitah (i.e. Qurayshis living near the Ka'bah in Mecca.[2]
He was an Ishmaelite descendant of the Prophet Abraham, orphaned early on he would rise to become King of Makkah, and leader of the Quraysh tribe.[3] He is best known for being an ancestor of the Umayyad, Abbasid and other Hashemite Dynasties which included Islamic Prophet Muhammad as well as the 3rd and the 4th Rashidun Caliph: Uthman and Ali, and the later Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphs and Fatimids along with several of the most prominent dynasties in the orient.[4]
Conquest of MeccaEdit
Qusai grew up treating his step-father, Rabi'ah, as his father. When a quarrel broke out between Qusai and some members of the tribe of Rabi'ah, they reproached him and betrayed the fact that they never regarded him as one of their own. Qusai complained to his mother, who replied "O my son," she said, "your descent is nobler than theirs, you are the son of Kilab ibn Murrah, and your people live in the proximity of the Holy House in Mecca." Because of this, Qusai departed from Syria and returned to Mecca.[2] Qusai brought his nearest of kin of Quraysh, and settled them in the Meccan valley besides the Sanctuary – his brother Zuhrah, his uncle Taym ibn Murrah, the son of another uncle Makhzum ibn Yaqaza, and his other cousins Jumah and Sahm, who were less close.[5]
After conquering Mecca, Qusayy unified the Quraysh, and established them as the dominant power in Mecca.[6] He assigned quarters to different Qurayshi clans. Those settled around the Ka'aba were known Quraysh al-Biṭāḥ (lit. 'Quraysh of the Hollow'), and the clans settled in the outskirts of the sanctuary were known as Quraysh al-Ẓawāhīr (lit. 'Quraysh of the Outskirts'). In accounts preserved by Ibn Ishaq (d. 767), Qusayy's younger son, al-Mughira, had grown prominent during his father's lifetime and was chosen by Qusayy to be his successor as the guardian of the Ka'ba. He also gave other responsibilities related to the Ka'ba to his other sons Abd al-'Uzza and Abd, while ensuring that all decisions by the Quraysh had to be made in the presence of his eldest son Abd al-Dar; the latter was also designated ceremonial privileges such as keeper of the Qurayshi war banner and supervisor of water and provisions to the pilgrims visiting the Ka'aba.[7][3]
When Qusai came of age, Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah the chief of Banu Khuza'a tribe was the trustee and guardian of the Ka'bah. Soon Qusai asked for and married Hulail's daughter Hubbah. When his father-in-law died after a battle which ended in arbitration, he committed the keys of the Kaaba to Hubbah. Hulail preferred Qusai as his successor from his own sons and according to Hulail's will, Qusai got the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.
Qusai ruled as a King. He reconstructed the Kaaba from a state of decay, and made the Arab people build their houses around it. He is known to have built the first "town hall" in the Arabian Peninsula, a spacious dwelling which was known as the House of Assembly. Leaders of different clans met in this hall to discuss their social, commercial, cultural and political problems. Qusai created laws so that pilgrims who went to Mecca were supplied with food and water, which was paid for by a tax that the people paid. He distributed the responsibilities of looking after the visitors during pilgrimage, taking care of the Kaaba, warfare, and pacifying amongst myriad tribes living in Mecca.[3]
SonsEdit
Qusai had many sons, some of them being Abd, Abd-al-Dar, Abd Manaf and Abd-al-Uzza.[3] It was a marked characteristic of Qusai's line that in each generation there would be one man who was altogether pre-eminent. Among his four sons, Abd Manaf was already honoured in his lifetime. However Qusai preferred his first born, Abd-al-Dar, although he was the least capable of all so he singled out Abd Manaf his second son for his honor and prestige. Shortly before Qusai's death he invested all his rights, powers, and transferred the ownership of the House of Assembly to Abd Manaf.
DescendantsEdit
The following Royal and Imperial dynasties claim descent from Qusai:
Europe
- Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)
Arabia
- Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris)[8]
- Abbasid Dynasty of the Abbasid Empire (through Abbas ibn Muttalib)
- Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Dynasty including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar)[9]
- Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna)[10]
- Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Hassan al Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty)[11]
Africa
- Aluoite Dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad Nafs az zakiyah bin Abdullah al Kamal ) [12]
- Idrisid Dynasty of West Africa (through Idris ibn Abdullah) [13]
- Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty
- Ishaqids:
- Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[14]
- Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[14]
- Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate (through Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed)[14]
Indo-Persia:
- Safavid Dynasty of Persia (through Abul Qasim Humza bin Musa al Kadhim)[15]
- Alid of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
- Zaydi Dynasty of Tabarstan (through Zayd ibn Ali) [16]
- Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)[17]
- Rohilla Dynasty including the later Nawabs of Rampur (through Zayd ibn Ali as Cadets of the Barha Dynasty)[18]
- The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty)[19]
- Daudpota Dynasty including the later Nawabs of Bhawalpur and Sindh (Kalhora) (through Abbas ibn Muttalib)[20]
- The Sultans of Mysore (through Qatadah ibn Idris as cadets of the Hashemite Dynasty)[citation needed]
- Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)[21]
- Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)
East Asia
- Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawi)[22]
- Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawi)
- Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawi)
- Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawi)
- Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawi)[23]
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) was the second of the three major Arab Caliphates established after the end of Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
Arabic Europe
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Guillaume 1955, p. 3.
- ^ a b c Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris. "The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh". Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ a b c d Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. George Allen & Unwin. p. 6. ISBN 0946621330.
- ^ Ibn Hisham. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. Vol. 1. p. 181.
- ^ Armstrong, Karen (2001). Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Phoenix. p. 66. ISBN 0946621330.
- ^ Peters 1994, p. 14–15.
- ^ Peters 1994, p. 15.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ a b c Andrzejewski, B. W. (April 1962). "A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa". International Affairs. 38 (2): 275–275. doi:10.2307/2610467. ISSN 1468-2346.
- ^ Morimoto, Kazuo (2010). "The Earliest ʿAlid Genealogy for the Safavids: New Evidence for the Pre-dynastic Claim to Sayyid Status". Iranian Studies. 43 (4): 447–469. doi:10.1080/00210862.2010.495561. JSTOR 23033219. S2CID 161191720.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
- ^ Khan, Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani (1918). Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1. Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore. pp. 79–83 (85–89).
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Punjab States Gazetteers Bahawalpur State Vol.36 (Volume 36 ed.). 1908. p. 47.
- ^ Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
- ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
BibliographyEdit
- Guillaume, Alferd (1955). The Life Of Muhammad : A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1.
- Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03267-X.
External linksEdit
- Banu Hashim — Before the Birth of Islam — Restatement of History of Islam and Muslims
- Hajj
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