The Tornadoes Portal

A tornado near Anadarko, Oklahoma, in 1999
Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air that are in contact with the Earth and either a cumulonimbus or a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes are often referred to as twisters, whirlwinds, or cyclones. While most tornadoes attain winds of less than 110 miles per hour (180 km/h), are about 250 feet (80 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers), the wind speeds in the most intense tornadoes can reach 300 miles per hour (480 km/h), are more than two miles (3 km) in diameter, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km). Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout, and waterspout. Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirl, and steam devil. Most tornadoes occur in North America (in the United States and Canada), concentrated in a region nicknamed the Tornado Alley. Tornadoes also occur in South America, South Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania.
On Friday, May 5, 1961, a strong tornado impacted the city of St. Petersburg, Florida. The tornado, which only touched down briefly, was estimated to have produced F2 damage on the Fujita scale. It struck the Northeast High School and the nearby Meadowlawn neighborhood in the extreme northern part of St. Petersburg, traveling 12 mi (0.80 km) and producing a 50-yard-wide (46 m) path. The tornado was part of a much larger outbreak sequence that produced 73 tornadoes. The parent thunderstorm that spawned the tornado was also attended by 34-inch-diameter (1.9 cm) hail. (Full article...)
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This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States from January to March 2018. Based on the 1991–2010 average, 35 tornadoes touch down in January, 29 touch down in February and 80 touch down in March. These tornadoes are commonly focused across the Southern United States due to their proximity to the unstable airmass and warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, as well as California in association with winter storms.

A small late-January outbreak produced over a dozen tornadoes, but the month was otherwise quiet and finished below average with 15 tornadoes. A larger and more significant outbreak occurred in late-February, which pushed the month well above average with 51 tornadoes. A few sizeable outbreaks also occurred in March, but the month was still well below average with only 55 tornadoes. (Full article...)
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The 2007 Elie, Manitoba tornado was an F5 tornado that struck the town of Elie in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The tornado swept a home off its foundation, becoming the first and last F5 tornado in Canada.

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Damage from the Andover tornado of April 26, 1991
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1991, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes, however by the 1990s tornado statistics were coming closer to the numbers we see today. (Full article...)
List of tornadoes by year

2024 tornado activity

From the evening of May 16, 2024, to midday May 17, 2024, a derecho struck the Gulf Coast of the United States from Southeast Texas to Florida, causing widespread damage, particularly in the city of Houston and surrounding metropolitan area. At least seven people were killed by the storms, dubbed the Houston derecho by the National Weather Service, which brought winds up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). (Full article...)

Tornado anniversaries

July 1

  • 1873 – An F4 tornado hit Erie and Shilo Township, Kansas, killing five people. An eyewitness stated "the night phantom appeared to be composed of fire."
  • 1877 – A tornado outbreak hit the Northeastern United States. A slow-moving F4 tornado struck Parkesburg and Ercildoun, Pennsylvania, killing two people and injuring 25. Debris was carried 9 miles (14 km).

July 2

July 3

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An enlarged map of the main event of the tornado outbreak across central and northeast Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas. The map denotes city locations, shading more densely populated areas in yellow, and major roads are shown. Sixty-six tornado tracks are plotted as colored lines on the map, with their colors corresponding to one of the eleven parent storm cells the tornadoes were produced by. The majority of tracks are concentrated around the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area which is seen as a large yellow-shaded area slightly offset from the center of the map.
Map of confirmed tornadoes across Oklahoma and southern Kansas on May 3

From May 2 to 8, 1999, a large tornado outbreak took place across much of the Central and parts of the Eastern United States, as well as southern Canada. During this week-long event, 152 tornadoes touched down in these areas. The most dramatic events unfolded during the afternoon of May 3 through the early morning hours of May 4 when more than half of these storms occurred. Oklahoma experienced its largest tornado outbreak on record, with 70 confirmed. The most notable of these was the F5 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado which devastated Oklahoma City and suburban communities. The tornado killed 36 people and injured 583 others; losses amounted to $1 billion, making it the first billion-dollar tornado in history. Overall, 50 people lost their lives during the outbreak and damage amounted to $1.4 billion.

On May 2, a strong area of low pressure moved out of the Rocky Mountains and into the High Plains, producing scattered severe weather and ten tornadoes in Nebraska. The following day, atmospheric conditions across Oklahoma became significantly more favorable for an outbreak of severe weather. Wind profiles across the region strongly favored tornadic activity, with the Storm Prediction Center stating, "it became more obvious something major was looming" by the afternoon hours. Numerous supercell thunderstorms developed across the state as well as bordering areas in Kansas and Texas. Over the following 48 hours, May 3–4, 116 tornadoes touched down across the Central United States. Following the extensive outbreak, activity became increasingly scattered from May 5 to 8, with 26 tornadoes touching down across the Eastern United States and Quebec.

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