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The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.

The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human-canine bond has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend". (Full article...)

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The Pomeranian (often known as a Pom) is a breed of dog of the Spitz type that is named for the Pomerania region in north-west Poland and north-east Germany in Central Europe. Classed as a toy dog breed because of its small size, the Pomeranian is descended from larger Spitz-type dogs, specifically the German Spitz. It has been determined by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale to be part of the German Spitz breed; and in many countries, they are known as the Zwergspitz ("Dwarf Spitz").

The breed has been made popular by a number of royal owners since the 18th century. Queen Victoria owned a particularly small Pomeranian and consequently, the smaller variety became universally popular. During Queen Victoria's lifetime alone, the size of the breed decreased by half. Overall, the Pomeranian is a sturdy, healthy dog. The most common health issues are luxating patella and tracheal collapse. More rarely, the breed can have Alopecia X, a skin condition colloquially known as "black skin disease". This is a genetic disease which causes the dog's skin to turn black and lose all or most of its hair. As of 2017, in terms of registration figures, since at least 1998, the breed has ranked among the top fifty most popular breeds in the United States, and the current fashion for small dogs has increased their popularity worldwide. (Full article...)

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The American Eskimo Dog is a breed of companion dog originating in the United States (probably in New York City) in the twentieth century. It is derived from the German Spitz, the Finnish Spitz, and almost certainly the Pomeranian and Keeshond. The spitz family of Nordic dogs is one of the least altered by human husbandry and reflects most nearly the prototypical dog, from which stock all others have been derived. Archeology suggests that Neolithic dogs living with humans would today pass for spitzes.

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Ch. Clussexx Three D Grinchy Glee (December 1, 1998 – September 25, 2012), better known as Stump, was a male Sussex Spaniel who won Best In Show at the 2009 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show. Stump was the first of his breed to win that honor and, at 10 years old, the oldest dog ever to win the prize. He also won the Sporting Group at Westminster in 2004, the first such victory for his breed, and amassed 51 Best in Show awards throughout his career. One of his owners described him as "the most famous Sussex (Spaniel) that has ever lived".

Stump's breeders were Douglas Horn, Douglas Johnson, and Dee Duffy, and he was owned by Cecilia Ruggles and Beth Dowd. He was handled by Scott Sommer, who also trained 2001 Westminster Best in Show winner J.R., a Bichon Frise with whom Stump lived for most of his life. Stump became seriously ill in 2005 with a body-wide bacterial infection, infection on his heart valves, and other ailments often fatal for dogs. He was so sick that euthanasia was considered. Stump spent 19 days in hospitalization, including 12 in intensive care at Texas A&M University's Small Animal Hospital, and he ultimately survived. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various dog-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Image of dog teeth (from Dog anatomy)
Image 2The highly sensitive nose of a dog. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 3Chihuahua mix and purebred Great Dane (from Dog breed)
Image 4West Highland White Terrier puppies (from Puppy)
Image 5The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 6Schematic anatomy of the ear. In dogs, the ear canal has a "L" shape, with the vertical canal (first half) and the horizontal canal (deeper half, ending with the eardrum) (from Dog anatomy)
Image 7The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 8Skeleton of a dog. 1. Cranium 2. Maxilla 3. Mandible 4. Atlas 5. Axis 6. Scapula 7. Spine of scapula 8. Humerus 9. Radius 10. Ulna 11. Phalanges 12. Metacarpal Bones 13. Carpal Bones 14. Sternum 15. Cartilaginous part of rib 16. Ribs 17. Phalanges 18. Metatarsal Bones 19. Tarsal Bones 20. Calcaneus 21. Fibula 22. Tibia 23. Patella 24. Femur 25. Ischium 26. Pelvis (from Dog anatomy)
Image 9The Greenland dog carries 3.5% genetic material inherited from a 35,000-year-old wolf from the Taymyr Peninsula, Arctic Siberia. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 10Australian Cattle Dog puppy (from Puppy)
Image 11Sled dogs, 1833 (from Dog type)
Image 12A little mongrel puppy on the shore, on Halong Bay (from Puppy)
Image 13Puggle puppy (from Puppy)
Image 14The dog diverged from a now-extinct population of wolves 27,000-40,000 years ago immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum, when much of the mammoth steppe was cold and dry. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 15Reduction in size under selective breeding – grey wolf and chihuahua skulls. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 16Dog knee (from Dog anatomy)
Image 17Frontal view of a dog skull (from Dog anatomy)
Image 18Skull of a dog (from Dog anatomy)
Image 19German Spitz puppy (from Puppy)
Image 20Mandible of the oldest recognised dog discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany, and dated 14,200 years old. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 21Tesem, an ancient Egyptian sighthound (from Dog breed)
Image 22Lateral view of a dog skull - jaws open (from Dog anatomy)
Image 23"Five different types of dogs", c. 1547. (from Dog breed)
Image 24Lateral view of a dog skeleton (from Dog anatomy)
Image 25Bison surrounded by grey wolf pack. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 26Montage showing the morphological variation of the dog. (from Dog breed)
Image 27Montage showing the coat variation of the dog. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 28The color spectrum as observed by dogs. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 29Cave wolf skull, Natural History Museum, Berlin (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 30Wolf mandible diagram showing the names and positions of the teeth. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 31External anatomy (topography) of a typical dog:1. Stop 2. Muzzle 3. Dewlap (throat, neck skin) 4. Shoulder 5. Elbow 6. Forefeet 7. Croup (rump) 8. Leg (thigh and hip) 9. Hock 10. Hind feet 11. Withers 12. Stifle 13. Paws 14. Tail (from Dog anatomy)
Image 32Newborn Welsh Springer Spaniels (from Puppy)
Image 33Lateral view of a dog skull (from Dog anatomy)
Image 34Basset Hound (from Puppy)
Image 35Golden Retriever puppy (from Puppy)
Image 36Two Shih Tzu puppies (from Puppy)
Image 37Chihuahua puppy (from Puppy)
Image 38President Lyndon B. Johnson with a basket of puppies in 1966 (from Puppy)
Image 39Newborn Basenji puppies (from Puppy)
Image 40Diagram of a wolf skull with key features labelled. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 41Dog retina showing optic disc and vasculature [epiCam] (from Dog anatomy)
Image 42NASA astronaut Leland D. Melvin with his dogs Jake and Scout (from Dog behavior)
Image 43Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Dog breed)
Image 44Petroglyph depicting two dogs hunting – Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 45Mammoth bone dwelling, Mezhirich site, Ukraine. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 46St. Bernard puppy (from Puppy)
Image 47Bloodhound puppy (from Puppy)
Image 48Cart dogs, c. 1900; different in appearance but doing the same work (from Dog type)
Image 49Jack Russell Terrier puppy (from Puppy)
Image 50Watercolor tracing made by archaeologist Henri Breuil from a cave painting of a wolf-like canid, Font-de-Gaume, France dated 19,000 years ago. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 51A mongrel puppy (from Puppy)
Image 52A dog's whiskers act as sensing organs. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 53An 1897 illustration showing a range of European dog breeds (from Dog breed)
Image 54Sled dog types, sketched in 1833. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 55Cavapoo puppy (from Puppy)
Image 56Basenji puppy (from Puppy)
Image 57A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog - a communication behavior. From the lower left, fear increases in the upward direction and aggression increases to the right. (from Dog behavior)
Image 58An extinct Turnspit dog, 1800 (from Dog type)

Did you know (auto-generated) - show different entries

... that Ladoga Skerries National Park in Russia has more than 350 species of various liverworts, hornworts and mosses?
... that Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume is the French version of The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog?
... that Norwegian footballer Tuva Hansen and her dog have received millions of views on several TikTok videos?
... that Open Philanthropy has made grants to causes ranging from recession prevention to cancer vaccines for dogs?
... that ancient Roman gynecologists believed that menstrual blood could be used to drive dogs insane?
... that after U.S. Navy pilot Royce Williams engaged in a solo dogfight with seven Soviet MiG-15s during the Korean War, he was ordered never to tell anyone about it?

More did you know... - show different entries

...that Mancs the Hungarian rescue dog is commemorated by a statue (pictured) in his hometown Miskolc?
...that the sting of the rainforest shrub Dendrocnide moroides can cause severe and prolonged pain and has been reported to kill dogs, horses and humans?
...that Dogs Trust, a British animal welfare charity, provided AA wardens with pistols to painlessly euthanise animals injured in road accidents?
...that according to legend, the relics of Saints Ferreolus and Ferrutio were discovered in 370 by a military tribune whose dog chased a fox into a cave near present-day Besançon, France?

...that American president Lyndon Johnson owned two Beagles named Him and Her?
...that the domestic dog's health is possibly one of the best-studied areas in veterinary medicine?
...that the word "terrier" comes from the Latin terra, meaning "earth"?
...that Moose, a Jack Russell Terrier who played Eddie on the popular sitcom Frasier, was given away by his original owner because he was too active for them?

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Stubs : Aksaray Malaklisi, Alopekis, Argentine pila dog, Armant (dog), Banjara Hound, Barbado da Terceira, Braque Dupuy, Bruno Jura Hound, Bulgarian Scenthound, Cane Lupino del Gigante, Cane Paratore, Cantabrian Water Dog, Český fousek, Faroese Sheepdog, Georgian Shepherd, German Spitz Mittel, Gończy Polski, Grand Griffon Vendéen, Himalayan Sheepdog, Hygen Hound, Indian Spitz, Japanese Terrier, Kaikadi (dog), Koyun dog, Kumaon Mastiff, Levriero Italiano, Mahratta Hound, Majorca Ratter, Montenegrin Mountain Hound, Northern Inuit Dog, Phu Quoc Ridgeback, Plummer Terrier, Porcelaine, Pyrenean Mastiff, Rampur Greyhound, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog, Sapsali, Sarabi dog, Sardinian Shepherd Dog, Schweizer Laufhund, Segugio Italiano, Segugio Maremmano, Segugio dell'Appennino, Sinhala Hound, Slovak Cuvac, South Russian Ovcharka, St. Hubert Jura Hound, Stichelhaar, Taigan, Tazy, Telomian, Treeing Cur, Vikhan Sheepdog, Villano de las Encartaciones, Villanuco de Las Encartaciones, White Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd Dog, Xiasi Dog More stubs...
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