Wikipedia

Boca Raton, Florida

(Redirected from Boca Raton Inlet)
"Boca Raton" redirects here. For other uses, see Boca Raton (disambiguation).

Boca Raton (/ˌboʊkə rəˈtoʊn/ BOH-kə rə-TOHN;[8][9] Spanish: Boca Ratón [ˈboka raˈton]) is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 97,422 in the 2020 census[5] and it ranked as the 23rd-largest city in Florida in 2022. However, many people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside of municipal boundaries, such as in West Boca Raton.[10] As a business center, the city also experiences significant daytime population increases. Boca Raton is 45 miles (72 km) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,138,333 at the 2020 United States Census.[11]

Boca Raton, Florida
City
City of Boca Raton
East Boca Raton skyline
Mizner Park
Baldwin House at Florida Atlantic University
Boca Raton Resort
Gumbo Limbo Environmental Complex
Intracoastal Waterway
Flag of Boca Raton, Florida
Flag
Official seal of Boca Raton, Florida
Seal
Motto: 
A City for All Seasons
Map
Interactive map of Boca Raton
Boca Raton is located in Florida
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Location in the United States
Boca Raton is located in the United States
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Boca Raton (the United States)
Boca Raton is located in North America
Boca Raton
Boca Raton
Boca Raton (North America)
Coordinates: 26°22′07″N 80°06′00″W / 26.36861°N 80.10000°W / 26.36861; -80.10000
Country United States
State Florida
County Palm Beach
Settled (Boca Raton Settlement)c. 1895[1]
IncorporatedMay 26, 1925 (1925-05-26)[1][2]
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorScott Singer (R)
 • Deputy MayorYvette Drucker
 • Council MembersFrancine Nachlas,
Marc Wigder,
Andy Thompson and
Yvette Drucker
 • City ManagerGeorge Brown
 • City ClerkMary Siddons
Area
[3]
 • Total31.59 sq mi (81.81 km2)
 • Land29.18 sq mi (75.57 km2)
 • Water2.41 sq mi (6.23 km2)
Elevation
[4]
13 ft (4 m)
Population
 (2020)[5]
 • Total97,422
 • Estimate 
(2022)[6]
99,009
 • Rank23rd in Florida
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
16 total ZIP Codes:[7]
  • 33427–33429, 33431–33434, 33464, 33481, 33486–33488, 33496–33499
Area code561
FIPS code12-07300
GNIS feature ID0279123[4]
Websitewww.myboca.us

It was first incorporated on August 2, 1924[12] as "Bocaratone",[13] and then incorporated as "Boca Raton" on May 26, 1925. While the area had been inhabited by the Glades culture, as well as Spanish and later British colonial empires prior to its annexation by the United States, the city's present form was developed predominantly by Addison Mizner starting in the 1920s. Mizner contributed to many buildings in the area having Mediterranean Revival or Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. Boca Raton also became a key city in the development of the early computer industry. The city is the birthplace of IBM's first personal computer and various other technologies created by the company.

Still centered around luxury beach culture, the city today is dotted by many malls and shopping centers, including the Town Center at Boca Raton. The ODP Corporation, which operates Office Depot and OfficeMax, is headquartered here. Boca Raton is also home to the main campus of Florida Atlantic University and the Evert Tennis Academy, owned by former professional tennis player Chris Evert. The city has a strict development code for the size and types of commercial buildings, building signs, and advertisements that may be erected within the city limit, which has led to major thoroughfares without billboards and large advertisements, as well as increased green spaces on roads.

Name

edit

Etymology

edit

Boca Ratón translates to "Mouse Mouth" in English. Its name was originally labeled in the early European maps of the area as Boca de Ratones (Spanish for 'Mouth of Mice'). Boca, meaning "mouth", was a common term to describe an inlet on maps by sailors (as in a river mouth). The meaning of the word ratones for the area is less certain. Some claim that the word ratones appears in old Spanish maritime dictionaries referring to "rugged rocks or stony ground on the bottom of some ports and coastal outlets, where the cables rub against".[14] Thus, one possible translation of Boca Raton is "Rugged Inlet".[15] Others claim that ratones referred to pirates who hid out in the area, and thus the name could translate to "Pirates' Inlet".[citation needed]

Pronunciation

edit

City residents pronounce Raton as /rəˈtoʊn/. People not from the region often mispronounce this as /rəˈtɒn/ instead.[16]

History

edit

Timeline

edit
Timeline of Boca Raton, Florida

Early history

edit

The area where Boca Raton is now located was originally occupied by the Glades culture, a Native American tribe of hunter-gatherers who relocated seasonally and between shellfish sources, distinct from the Tequesta to the south and the Jaega to the north.[37]

What Spanish voyagers called "Boca de Ratones" was originally to the south, in present-day Biscayne Bay in Miami-Dade County. The area of Boca Raton was labeled "Rio Seco", meaning "Dry River", during this time. By mistake during the 19th century, mapmakers moved this location to the north and began referring to the city's lake, today known as Lake Boca Raton, as "Boca Ratone Lagoon" and later "Boca Ratone Sounde".[38] An inland stream near the lake was later renamed Spanish River, and eventually became part of the Intracoastal Waterway.

When Spain surrendered Florida to Britain in 1763, the remaining Tequestas, along with other Indians who had taken refuge in the Florida Keys, were evacuated to Cuba.[39] In the 1770s, Bernard Romans reported seeing abandoned villages in the area, but no inhabitants.

The area remained largely uninhabited for long afterwards, during the early years of Florida's incorporation in the United States. The first significant European settler to this area was Captain Thomas Moore Rickards in 1895, who resided in a house made of driftwood on the east side of the East Coast Canal, south of what is now the Palmetto Park Road bridge. He surveyed and sold land from the canal to beyond the railroad north of what is now Palmetto Park Road.[40] Early settlement in the area increased shortly after Henry Flagler's expansion of the Florida East Coast Railway, connecting West Palm Beach to Miami.

Addison Mizner's resort town

edit
Main article: Addison Mizner
 
Mizner's Administrative Buildings

Boca Raton as a city was the creation of architect Addison Mizner. Prior to him, Boca Raton was an unincorporated farming town with a population of 100 in 1920.[41]: 7 [42]

In 1925, Mizner announced his plan for "the foremost resort city on the North American continent,"[43]: 4  "a new exclusive social capital in America."[43]: 9  After spending several years in Palm Beach, where, in his own words, he "did more than any one man to make the city beautiful,"[43]: 5  and designed the Everglades Club among many other buildings, in Boca Raton his plan was to create from scratch "a resort as splendid in its entirety as Palm Beach is in spots."[43]: 6 

Activity in that area began at least a year, and probably more, before Mizner's announcement. Land acquisition, tens of thousands of acres, was the largest part. But it is hard not to see Mizner's hand in the incorporation of Boca Raton in 1924; the city immediately appointed him Town Planner.[44][41]: 102  The Mizner Development Company was incorporated in 1925, and promptly issued $5 million of stock, which was fully subscribed in less than a week.[45]: 140  $500,000 was reserved for the "average Floridian"; the remainder was purchased by, as Addison called them, "noted personages", all with a Palm Beach connection: Lytle Hall, Harold Vanderbilt, J. Leonard Repogle, the Duchess of Sutherland, Rodman Wanamaker, Paris Singer, Irving Berlin, Madame Frances Alda, W. C. Robinson, H. H. Rodgers, D. H. Conkling, A. T. Herd, Porte, William Kissam Vanderbilt II, Elizabeth Arden, Jesse Livermore, Clarence H. Geist, and T. Coleman du Pont as chairman. Addison's brother Wilson also appears on the list of investors, but he had little to invest.[45]: 139–140 [44]

Instead of the existing Palmetto Park Road, the main street in Mizner's Boca was to be El Camino Real, 20 lanes wide, which Mizner fancifully translated as "The Royal Highway",[41]: 39  referring to Spain's road network and to the road to Santa Fe and to the Spanish missions in California. (Spanish kings rarely or never travelled on these roads; "The Government Road" would be just as accurate.) It was originally to be circular, with a lagoon in the middle.[41]: 44  Soon it became, in the plans, Boca Raton's main east–west street, to be 220 feet (67 m) wide and with a canal for pleasure boats in the center. (In the drawing of it on the cover of Mizner Development's first brochure is a Venetian gondola.[43]) His statement that it was inspired by Botafogo, a neighborhood and beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is another of his many inventions of foreign "facts".[45]: 144  Mizner, who never went to Brazil nor knew Brazilians, simply made it up because the name "Botafogo" ("fire thrower") sounded impressive, as was the concept of imitating Rio de Janeiro. (The only street in Rio de Janeiro anything like the supposed picture, actually an artist's conception, of "Botafogo" that Mizner included in his first catalogue,[43]: 11  is the pt:Canal do Mangue, which runs down the middle of two streets, but is nowhere near Botafogo, a more elegant name than Mangue "mangrove".[46])

Only 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of the road was built (although the street has subsequently been extended to the west at normal scale). According to drawings, the centerpiece of the street was to be a canal for pleasure boats; it was never built.[47] All streets were to be at least 60 feet (18 m) wide.[41]: 43 

His first buildings in Boca Raton were his Administrative Buildings, on El Camino Real (in 2018 the Addison Restaurant), and a small hotel to house interested investors.[38] Mizner designed Boca's first town hall/police station/fire station/library, although the design actually built is much smaller and less expensive than what Mizner planned. Today (2018) it is the Boca Raton History Museum, which houses Boca's Welcome Center and the Boca Raton Historical Society.

The hotel was his Ritz-Carlton Cloister Inn, built in 1926,[48] later renamed the Boca Raton Resort & Club, and is one of the only "5 star" hotels in Florida. The 1969 addition of its "pink tower" hotel building is visible from miles away as a towering monument on the Intracoastal Waterway.

Because of the end of the Florida land boom of the 1920s and the 1926 Miami hurricane, the Mizner Development Corporation went into bankruptcy in 1927. Little of Mizner's Boca Raton was ever built: his Administration Buildings, the Cloister Inn, 1/2 mile of El Camino Real, the small Dunagan Apartments (demolished),[41] a few houses near the Cloister Inn (demolished), the Spanish Village neighborhood,[49][41] and a few small houses in what is now the Old Floresta Historic District neighborhood.[44][41][50]

World War II Army Air Force Base

edit

During World War II, some of the land used by the Japanese farmers of the Yamato Colony was confiscated and used as the site of the Boca Raton Army Air Force Base, a major training facility for B-29 bomber crews and the only facility in the U.S. training radar operators. Much of the Boca Raton Army Airfield was later donated to Palm Beach County and became the grounds of Florida Atlantic University. Many of FAU's parking lots are former runways of the airbase. When viewed from above, the site's layout for its previous use as an airfield is plainly evident. Boca Raton Airport's runway was once part of the original airbase, and is still active to this day, although the runway has been rebuilt. Army School Building #3 (T-604) of the Army Air Forces Base has survived as the office building for the Cynthia Gardens apartment complex on Northwest 4th Avenue.

Post-World War II history

edit

Boca Raton was the site of two now vanished amusement parks, Africa U.S.A. (1953–1961) and Ancient America (1953–1959). Africa U.S.A. was a wild animal park in which tourists rode a "Jeep Safari Train" through the park. There were no fences separating the animals from the tourists.[51] It is now the Camino Gardens subdivision one mile west of the Boca Raton Hotel. A red wooden bridge and remnants from the Watusi Geyser and Zambezi Falls, a 30-foot waterfall,[52] from Africa USA can still be seen at the entrance to Camino Gardens. Ancient America was built surrounding a real Native American burial mound. Today, the mound is still visible within the Boca Marina & Yacht Club neighborhood on U.S. 1 near Yamato Road.[53]

IBM

edit
 
IBM's former South Florida laboratories, where the IBM PC was created, alongside Yamato Road.

In the late 1960s, IBM announced their intentions to open a manufacturing plant in the area. In 1965, well before the extension of I-95 into Southern Florida, IBM, working in secret with the Arvida corporation, quietly purchased several hundred acres of real estate west of the CSX rail line and northwest of Florida Atlantic University. Originally situated in unincorporated Palm Beach County, the site was annexed into Boca Raton almost a year following its dedication in 1970.[54]

Construction of IBM's main complex began in 1967, designed by Marcel Breuer,[55] and the manufacturing and office complex was dedicated in March 1970. The campus was designed with self-sufficiency in mind and sported its own electrical substation, water pumping station, and rail spur.

By 1984 IBM was Palm Beach County's largest corporate employer, with 8,500 Boca Raton employees.[56] Among other noteworthy IT accomplishments, such as the mass production of the System/360 and development of the Series/1 mainframe computers, IBM's main complex was the birthplace of the IBM PC, which later evolved into the IBM Personal System/2, developed in nearby Delray Beach. Starting in 1987, IBM relocated its manufacturing for what became the IBM PC division to Research Triangle Park in Raleigh, North Carolina, and converted the manufacturing facilities into offices and laboratories, later producing products such as the OS/2 operating system and VoiceType Dictation, later known as ViaVoice voice-recognition software.

IBM maintained its facilities in the South Florida area until 1996, when the facility was closed and sold to Blue Lake Real Estate. The site was sold to T-REX Management Consortium, then to the Blackstone Group in 2005, who renamed it the Boca Corporate Center and Campus.[57] The site was later renamed the Boca Raton Innovation Campus (BRiC). Crocker Partners, noted for its development of Mizner Park and Office Depot headquarters, purchased BRiC in April 2018.[58]

What used to be IBM's Building 051, an annex separated from the former main IBM campus by Spanish River Boulevard, was donated to the Palm Beach County School District and converted into Don Estridge High Tech Middle School. It is named after Don Estridge, whose team was responsible for developing the IBM PC. IBM returned in July 2001, opening the software development laboratory at Beacon Square off Congress Avenue.

It is noteworthy that still left standing inside the old IBM complex is the office and conference table where Bill Gates signed his historic deal to supply IBM with the Microsoft MS-DOS operating system for its personal computer line.

Suburban expansion

edit
 
Palmetto Park Road and Mizner Boulevard intersection.

In 1991, the new downtown outdoor shopping and dining center, Mizner Park, was completed over the site of the old Boca Raton Mall. It has since become a cultural center for southern Palm Beach County. Featuring a landscaped central park between the two main roads (collectively called Plaza Real) with stores only on the outside of the roads, Mizner Park resembles a Mediterranean suburban "town center" with a more contemporary look. It features many restaurants and is home to the Boca Raton Museum of Art, which moved to the new facility in 2001.[59] In 2002, a new amphitheater was built, replacing a smaller one and providing a large-capacity outdoor venue where concerts and other performances are held.[60] The Mizner Park Cultural Center, an indoor performing arts/comedy show theater is located to the southwest of the amphitheater within the Mizner Park property.

The National Cartoon Museum was built on the southwest edge of Mizner Park in 1996. Open for six years, the museum relocated to its original home in New York City in 2002.

As development continued to focus to the west of the city in the 1980s and 1990s, the mall area known as Town Center at Boca Raton became the geographic center of what is referred to as West Boca Raton, though this mall was not annexed into the city until 2004.

Forbes ranked Boca's Royal Palm Yacht and Country Club the third most exclusive gated community in the US in 2017.[61] Many mansions and estates have been built and reflect the high real estate values. 18.1% of homes for sale are within the $655,000–$966,000 range, 8.5% in the $966,000–$1.288 million range, and 11.9% in the $1.288 million plus range.[62] Since the mid-2010s, there has been a developing boom such as the building of the Mandarin Oriental's Residences, remodeling of Downtown Boca Raton's Mizner Park, and development around Florida Atlantic University and Lynn University.[63][64]

On November 2, 2004, the voters of the Via Verde Association, Waterside, Deerhurst Association (Boca South), Marina Del Mar Association, Rio Del Mar Association (both originally Boca Del Mar communities), and Heatherwood of Boca Raton Condominium Association approved annexation into the Boca Raton city limits, increasing the city land area to 29.6 square miles (77 km2). A new gated community called Royal Palm Polo was annexed to the City of Boca Raton, which is the only jurisdiction north of Clint Moore Road.[65]

Geography

edit
 
Boca Raton, seen from the International Space Station.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 29.1 sq mi (75.4 km2), of which 27.2 sq mi (70.4 km2) of this is land and 1.9 sq mi (5.0 km2) of it (6.63%) is water. Boca Raton is a "principal city" (as defined by the Census Bureau) of the Miami metropolitan area. Approximately 1 square mile is on the barrier island Deerfield Beach Island (DBI), also colloquially known as Deerfield Cay.[66] Like other South Florida cities, Boca Raton has a water table that does not permit building basements, however plumbing and sewage is constructed underneath the homes and streets, in addition to electrical systems in some areas. There are several high points in the city, such as 4th Avenue which is aptly named "High Street". The highest point in this area is the guard shack at Camino Gardens, which is 24 ft (7.3 m) above sea level. The Boca Raton Hotel's Beach Club rests at 23 ft (7.0 m) above sea level.[67]

Several small tunnels run under roads in Boca, but the roads are built up several feet at these locations, or are on dunes. Several of these tunnels are under State Road A1A at Spanish River Park, from the west side of the road where parking is available to beachgoers, to the east side of the road, which is where the beach is located. A1A is already higher than the surrounding land here due to sand dunes formed by erosion and other natural features.[67]

Neighborhoods

edit
 
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Pearl City

Pearl City is a neighborhood in Boca Raton, immediately north of downtown and within city limits. The neighborhood was originally platted on May 30, 1915 for the blue-collar African Americans employed at the Boca Raton Resort and similar establishments, on area farms, in construction, and various other jobs.[68]

Climate

edit

Boca Raton has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af), as its driest month (December) averages 62.5mm of precipitation, narrowly meeting the minimum standard of 60mm in the driest month to qualify for that designation. In general the climate is warm and sunny much of the year, although daily thundershowers occur in the hot season from June through September. Boca Raton is frost free. The warm tropical climate in South Florida supports the growth of tropical trees and plants such as the coconut palm that was introduced hundreds of years ago to Florida in nearby West Palm Beach.

Winter high temperatures are typically in the 75–83 degrees range, while summer high temperatures are about 87–92 degrees.

Climate data for Boca Raton, Florida
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 76
(24) 		77
(25) 		80
(27) 		83
(28) 		86
(30) 		88
(31) 		91
(33) 		91
(33) 		89
(32) 		86
(30) 		82
(28) 		78
(26) 		84
(29)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 58
(14) 		60
(16) 		63
(17) 		67
(19) 		72
(22) 		75
(24) 		76
(24) 		75
(24) 		75
(24) 		71
(22) 		66
(19) 		61
(16) 		68
(20)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.78
(71) 		2.85
(72) 		3.00
(76) 		3.40
(86) 		5.73
(146) 		7.31
(186) 		5.94
(151) 		6.91
(176) 		7.01
(178) 		5.73
(146) 		4.24
(108) 		2.46
(62) 		57.27
(1,455)
Source: The Weather Channel[69]

Demographics

edit
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930447—
194072361.7%
195099237.2%
19606,961601.7%
197028,506309.5%
198049,50573.7%
199061,49224.2%
200074,76421.6%
201084,39212.9%
202097,42215.4%
2022 (est.)99,0091.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[70]
1930–1970[71] 1980[72] 1990[73]
2000[74] 2010[75] 2020[5] 2022[6]

Boca Raton and other parts of Palm Beach County have a significant Jewish population.[76] Certain areas of outside of Boca Raton city limits, such as the Sandalfoot Cove community, have significant populations of Brazilian[77] and other Latino immigrants.

Historical demographics 2020[5] 2010[75] 2000[74] 1990[73] 1980[72]
White (non-Hispanic) 70.8% 79.1% 84.2% 89.7% 92.8%
Hispanic or Latino 15.2% 11.9% 8.5% 5.6% 4.5%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 5.3% 5.0% 3.6% 2.8% 1.9%
Asian American (non-Hispanic) 3.3% 2.4% 2.0% 1.9% 0.9%
Native American (non-Hispanic) 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Some other race (non-Hispanic) 0.9% 0.3% 0.2% < 0.1%
Two or more races (non-Hispanic) 4.5% 1.1% 1.3% N/A N/A
Population 97,422 84,392 74,764 61,492 49,505
Demographic characteristics 2020[78][79][80] 2010[81][82][83] 2000[84][85][86] 1990 1980
Households 48,728 44,539 37,547 26,297 20,247
Persons per household 2.00 1.89 2.04 2.34 2.45
Sex Ratio 93.3 95.7 95.1 92.3 91.0
Ages 0–17 16.1% 17.2% 18.4% 17.2% 18.7%
Ages 18–64 60.8% 61.9% 62.3% 61.3% 57.6%
Ages 65 + 23.1% 21.0% 19.3% 21.5% 23.7%
Median age 45.4 45.4 42.9 41.1 42.0
Population 97,422 84,392 74,764 61,492 49,505
Economic indicators
2017–21 American Community Survey Boca Raton Palm Beach County Florida
Median income[87] $46,033 $36,431 $34,367
Median household income[88] $89,776 $68,874 $61,777
Poverty Rate[89] 9.2% 11.6% 13.1%
High school diploma[90] 95.9% 89.1% 89.0%
Bachelor's degree[90] 58.3% 38.0% 31.5%
Advanced degree[90] 23.1% 15.0% 11.7%

Boca Raton is known for its affluent and educated[91] social community. According to Forbes, Boca Raton has three of the ten most expensive gated communities in the U.S. The Royal Palm Yacht and Country Club holds the #1 spot, The Sanctuary takes #6, and Le Lac takes the #8 spot.[92]

Language spoken at home[a] 2015[b] 2010[c] 2000[95] 1990[96] 1980[97]
English only 75.0% 77.4% 79.2% 84.4% 90.0%
Spanish or Spanish Creole 10.9% 10.9% 9.2% 6.0% 4.2%
French or Haitian Creole 2.3% 2.2% 2.7% 1.7% 0.6%
Other Languages 11.8% 9.5% 8.9% 7.9% 5.2%
Nativity 2015[d] 2010[e] 2000[102][103] 1990[104][96] 1980[97]
% population native-born 78.9% 81.2% 82.0% 86.7% 89.9%
... born in the United States 76.8% 79.7% 80.4% 85.2% 89.0%
... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.9%
... born to American parents abroad 1.6% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0%
% population foreign-born[f] 21.1% 18.8% 18.0% 13.3% 10.1%

Culture and attractions

edit

Festivals and events

edit

The Boca Raton Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned Division I college football bowl game[105] that features the Mid-American Conference (MAC) facing off against an opponent from the American Athletic Conference (AAC) or Conference USA (C-USA) in alternating years. Each conference participates four times during the six-year agreement, which began with the 2014 season. The Bowl is held at FAU Stadium.

St. Mark Greek Orthodox Church in Boca Raton hosts a popular Greek festival during the last weekend of January. An estimated 15,000 people attended the festival in 2018.[106]

Additionally, the city hosts the "Festival of the Arts BOCA" annually during the spring, and the Brazilian Beat Festival in the fall.

Mizner Park

edit
 
Boca Raton Museum of Art

Mizner Park is a lifestyle center in downtown Boca Raton. The area contains several stores and fashion boutiques, restaurants, an iPic movie theater, and housing. The Center for the Arts at Mizner Park is on the development's north end, which includes the Boca Raton Museum of Art and the Count de Hoernele Amphitheater. Royal Palm Place is adjacent to Mizner Park, and it contains upscale shopping, restaurants, and apartments.[107][108]

Town Center Mall

edit

Town Center at Boca Raton is an upscale super-regional shopping center in Boca Raton that is the largest enclosed and conventional shopping mall within Palm Beach County, and the third largest by square feet in South Florida, behind Sawgrass Mills and Aventura Mall.

In 1999, the Simon Property Group bought Town Center at Boca Raton and began building a new wing on its southeastern side, and completed renovations in 2018.

Seritage Growth Properties plans to build a lifestyle center called The Collection at Boca Town Center which will provide shopping, dining, and entertainment.[109]

Crocker Partners will build a Restaurant Row near the mall.[110]

Beaches and parks

edit
 
Beach entrance in Boca Raton

Boca Raton's eastern coast has two miles of beaches, notably Red Reef Park[111] and South Inlet Park.[112][113][114]

Red Reef Park has the Gumbo Limbo Environmental Complex, an environmental education center. Founded in 1984, Gumbo Limbo is a cooperative project of the City of Boca Raton, Greater Boca Raton Beach and Park District, Florida Atlantic University, and Friends of Gumbo Limbo.[115] In addition to the sea tanks, butterfly garden and boardwalk trail through the hammocks complete with an observation tower, Gumbo Limbo also houses a research facility run by FAU where students study coral reefs, sea turtles, sharks, sea grass and other marine-related subjects.

Sugar Sand Park is a municipal park in Boca Raton. It contains the Children's Science Explorium. Another park is the Burt Aaronson South County Regional Park in West Boca Raton. The park contains several amenities, including the Osprey Point Golf Course, a dog park, the Sunset Cove Amphitheater, the Coconut Cove Waterpark, and the Daggerwing Nature Center. Spanish River Park is a family-friendly city park along the Intracoastal Waterway for picnicking, swimming & bird-watching.

Other

edit
 
The Aiken House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Old Floresta Historic District has several historic houses listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Boca Raton is home to the Wick Theatre & Costume Museum.[116]

Economy

edit
 
Office Depot's corporate headquarters

Office Depot, a supplier of office products and services, has its global headquarters on a 28-acre campus in the city.[117] The GEO Group, also has its headquarters in Boca Raton based out of One Park Place.[118] Media company Friend Finder Networks, consumer products company Jarden and e-retailer Vitacost, YACHTICO and BMI Gaming are also based in Boca Raton.

Top employers

edit

According to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[119] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Boca Raton Regional Hospital 2,800
2 Florida Atlantic University 2,761
3 Office Depot (Headquarters) 2,034
4 City of Boca Raton 1,550
5 Boca Raton Resort and Club 1,376
6 National Council on Compensation Insurance (NCCI) 923
7 Johnson Controls / Tyco (Headquarters) 898
8 Lynn University 663
9 ADT Security Services (Headquarters) 600
10 IBM 600

Education

edit

Public schools

edit

Public education is provided and managed by The School District of Palm Beach County, the thirteenth-largest public school district in the United States. Boca Raton is also home to several notable private and religious schools.

 
Boca Raton High School

As of 2007, Boca Raton was served by four public high schools. Within the city's limits, Boca Raton Community High School serves the eastern part of the city. Spanish River Community High School serves the west-central part of the city limits and parts of unincorporated Boca Raton. Olympic Heights Community High School and West Boca Raton Community High School serve the western unincorporated areas. Spanish River, Olympic Heights, and West Boca Raton also serve students from Delray Beach and Boynton Beach.[120]

The area is served by five public middle schools. Don Estridge High Tech Middle School is a technology magnet school named for Don Estridge, the leader of a small group of engineers who developed the IBM Personal Computer in Boca Raton. The other four public middle schools are Boca Raton Community Middle School, Eagles Landing Middle School, Loggers' Run Community Middle School, and Omni Middle School.

The area is served by thirteen public elementary schools:

  • Addison Mizner Elementary
  • Blue Lake Elementary
  • Boca Raton Elementary
  • Calusa Elementary
  • Coral Sunset Elementary
  • Del Prado Elementary
  • Hammock Pointe Elementary
  • J.C. Mitchell Elementary
  • Sandpiper Shores Elementary
  • Sunrise Park Elementary
  • Verde K-8
  • Waters Edge Elementary
  • Whispering Pines Elementary

Alternative schooling

edit

Two alternatives to the Palm Beach County Public Schools in Boca Raton are the K–8 Alexander D. Henderson University School (ADHUS) and FAU High School (FAUHS). Both are on the Florida Atlantic University campus and are organized as a unique and separate school district; they are not part of the Palm Beach County School System. Henderson School is recognized as Florida Atlantic University School District #72, under the College of Education's administrative oversight.

University schools in Florida are authorized to provide instruction for grades K–12 and university students, support university research efforts, and test educational reforms for Florida schools. Both ADHUS and FAUHS are public schools and thus do not charge tuition. And they are open to children who reside in Palm Beach County or Broward County. ADHUS admission is by lottery, while FAUHS admission is determined by academic ability. Student characteristics of gender, race, family income and student ability are used to match the student population profile to that of the state.[121]

FAU High School is a dual-enrollment program that involves itself primarily in collegiate classes. Students in ninth grade take advanced classes at the ADHUS sister campus, while students in higher grades attend only collegiate classes on Florida Atlantic University's campus, earning dual credit for both high school and college. A student who has successfully completed all four years at FAU High School will graduate having completed three years of university study on a college campus.[122]

Private schools

edit
 
Saint John Paul II Academy is a Catholic school located in Boca Raton.

Private schools in Boca Raton accelerated in demand in the early 2020s as Wall Street moved many employees and offices to the South Florida area.[123]

Higher education

edit

Florida Atlantic University (FAU), founded in 1961, held its first classes in Boca Raton in 1964. FAU is a member of the State University System of Florida and is the largest university in Boca Raton. It has over 29,000 students, 3,555 of which are residential students, and a Division I athletics program. In recognition of the rapid growth of Boca Raton's universities, in particular FAU, the city of Boca Raton has recently been referred to as a "burgeoning college town".[132]

Lynn University is a four-year co-educational institution renamed to honor the Lynn (Eugene & Christine) family who continue to be benefactors of the university; its Digital Media Arts College, founded in 2001, offers bachelor's and master's degrees in computer animation and graphic design.

Palm Beach State College has its Boca Raton campus adjacent to Florida Atlantic University since 1983. When it was opened, it was named Palm Beach Junior College. In 1988 it changed its name to Palm Beach Community College, and in 2009, to Palm Beach State College.[133]

Everglades University has its main campus in Boca Raton.

Libraries and newspaper

edit

The Boca Raton Public Library serves city of Boca Raton residents. The Glades Road Branch Library and the West Boca Branch Library of the Palm Beach County Library System additionally serve Boca Raton residents who live outside the city limits in West Boca Raton. County library card holders may use any of the sixteen branches in the Palm Beach County Library System and have access to many databases and downloadable e-books and audio books.

The Sun-Sentinel newspaper delivers local news to the area. Previously, the Boca Raton News was a local newspaper for the town.[134]

Politics

edit
 
Boca Raton old Town Hall, built in 1927[23]
List of mayors of Boca Raton, Florida
  • George Long, 1924–1925[135]
  • John Brown, 1925–1929
  • Fred Aiken, 1929–1938
  • Joe Mitchell, 1938–1950
  • Bill O'Donnell, 1950–1951
  • Louie Zimmerman, 1951–1952
  • Bill Day, 1952–1953, 1954–1954
  • Harold Turner, 1953–1954, 1954–1955
  • Bill Herbold, 1955–1956
  • Roy Shores, 1956–1958
  • Hal Dane, 1958–1959
  • Joe Delong, 1959–1960, 1963–1964
  • Courtney Boone, 1960–1961
  • Leo Fox, 1961–1962
  • John Brandt, 1962–1963
  • Harold Maull, 1964–1965, 1968–1969
  • Pat Honchell, 1966–1967
  • Nardy Turner, 1967–1968
  • Emil Danciu, 1969–1970, 1987–1993
  • Tore Wallin, 1970–1971
  • Norm Wymbs, 1971
  • Bill Miller, 1971–1972
  • Byrd Marshall, 1972–1973, 1975–1976, 1978
  • Al Alford, 1973–1974
  • Dick Houpana, 1974–1975, 1977
  • Byrd Marshall, 1972–1973, 1975–1976, 1978
  • Dorothy Wilken, 1976–1977
  • Jeff Milner, 1977–1981
  • Bill Konrad, 1981–1987
  • Bill Smith, 1993–1995
  • Carol Hanson, 1995–2001
  • Steven L. Abrams, 2001–2008
  • Susan Whelchel, 2008–2014
  • Susan Haynie, 2014–2018[34][136]
  • Scott Singer, 2018–present[34][136]

The City of Boca Raton has a Council-Manager form of government.[137] The Mayor has been chosen through a direct election since 1978.[138] The offices of the city council and the mayor are nonpartisan.[139] The previous mayor was Susan Haynie. On April 27, 2018, Governor Rick Scott suspended Susan Haynie due to felony and misdemeanor charges brought against her for corruption and bribery. (She would later plead guilty to two of the counts, avoiding jail time.) Scott Singer was appointed mayor and held that position on that basis until the August 28th special election; Singer was elected outright as mayor in that election.

As of January 2023, Democrat Jared Moskowitz represents Florida's 23rd Congressional district, which includes the most northern point of Boca Raton and extends south through Palm Beach County. The district then continues into Broward County communities like Coral Springs, Parkland, and Margate, down to Fort Lauderdale.[140][141]

In the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, Republican Donald Trump won in Boca Raton by a plurality.[142][143]

Crime

edit

The City of Boca Raton is one of the safest cities in Palm Beach County, with a crime rate 38% lower than the entire state of Florida.[144][145]

Boca Raton has had connections to the Mafia. According to a number of US Federal indictments, as of June 2004, the Gambino family continues to operate in Boca Raton. The television show The Sopranos featured the city in its plot ("Boca" and "...To Save Us All From Satan's Power"), and Mafia Wife author Lynda Milito resides in Boca Raton. Joey Merlino, the reputed head of the Philadelphia crime family, also resides in northern Boca Raton.[146][147][148][149]

In 2007, several murders at the Town Center Mall gained national attention. In March, a 52-year-old woman was kidnapped and murdered. In December of the same year, a 47-year-old woman and her 7-year-old daughter were also kidnapped, and later found bound and shot in the head in the woman's SUV in the mall parking lot. This case was featured on America's Most Wanted. Though there is no forensic evidence to suggest the murders were committed by the same person, the similarities in the cases led police to believe they were related. To this day, the murders all remain unsolved.[150][151][152][153]

The Pearl City neighborhood has been known as a drug trafficking hub in the past.[154] In recent years, the city, like most of the county (especially neighboring Delray Beach) has experienced a steady rise in heroin and opioid overdoses.[155][156]

As of the end of 2019, the crime rate in Boca Raton was down 26% over the preceding 13 years.[157]

Transportation

edit
See also: Transportation in South Florida

Air

edit
 
Boca Raton Airport

The Boca Raton Airport (BCT) is a general aviation airport immediately adjacent to Florida Atlantic University and Interstate 95. It has a control tower which is staffed from 0700 to 2300. The Boca Raton Airport is publicly owned and governed by a seven-member Authority appointed by the City of Boca Raton and the Palm Beach County Commission. The airport is noted for a very high concentration of private jets and charter aviation, and the airspace surrounding the airport is in Class D airspace.[158][159]

All three of the Miami area's major commercial airports serve Boca Raton, though the city is located about equidistantly between Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport and Palm Beach International Airport. Most commercial international flights to the region will pass through Miami International Airport, which can be accessed via I-95 and Florida State Route 112 by road or by using Tri-Rail.

Highways

edit
  • State Road A1A is a north–south road lying between the Intracoastal Waterway and the Atlantic Ocean.
  • U.S. Highway 1, locally known as "Federal Highway", is a north–south highway passing through the city's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts in the eastern part of the city.
  • U.S. Highway 441 (also known as State Road 7) is a north–south highway passing through commercial and residential districts west of the city limits.
  • Interstate 95 bisects the city from north to south with four interchanges serving Boca Raton.
  • Florida's Turnpike is a north–south highway passing through unincorporated Boca Raton, forming part of the city limits in the north, with one interchange at Glades Road.
  • Glades Road is an east–west road between US 441 and US 1.
  • Other major east–west roads include Palmetto Park Road and Yamato Road.
  • Other major north–south roads include Military Trail and Jog Road / Powerline Road (Changes name on Glades Road).

Rail

edit
 
Boca Raton Tri-Rail station
 
Boca Raton Brightline station

Bus

edit

Water

edit
 
Lake Boca Raton

Long before any settlers arrived, the original 1870 government survey of the area[164] showed that just west of and parallel to the Atlantic Ocean's coastal dune was the "Boca Ratones Lagoon", which extended south for nine miles (14 km) measured from just north of the present location of Atlantic Avenue in Delray Beach. Along the southern half of the lagoon were three wide areas each called a "Lake", which are now named (north to south) Lake Rogers, Lake Wyman, and Lake Boca Raton. At the southeast end of the lagoon was a short protrusion toward the south which would become the Boca Raton Inlet after a sandbar at its mouth was removed.

The lagoon and lakes were part of a half-mile (0.8 km) wide swamp, west of which was scrub land a mile (1.6 km) wide (part of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge) where the Florida East Coast Railway (1896) and Dixie Highway (1923) were built. To the west of the scrub was a half mile or wider swamp within which flowed north to south the "Prong of Hillsborough River", which is now the El Rio Canal. It now forms the eastern border of Florida Atlantic University and the Old Floresta neighborhood. The prong entered the "Hillsborough River" at the present eastern end of the straight portion of the Hillsboro Canal (dredged 1911–1914), which is the southern city limits. The river flowed southeast in several channels along the western edge of the present Deerfield Island County Park, formerly called Capone Island (named for Al Capone who owned it during the 1930s), which did not become an island until the Royal Palm Canal was dredged along its northern edge in 1961.[165][166] Flowing south from the lagoon to the river along the eastern edge of the 'island' was a "Small boat Pass into Hillsboro' River", also called the Little Hillsboro. The river continued due south about four and a half miles (7.2 km) just inland of the coastal dune until it emptied into the Atlantic Ocean at the "Hillsborough Bar", now the Hillsboro Inlet.

The lagoon was dredged in 1894–1895 to form part of the Florida East Coast Canal with a minimum depth of 5 feet (1.5 m) and a minimum width of 50 feet (15 m).[167] After 1895, the lagoon and canal were sometimes called the Spanish River. Between 1930 and 1935 the canal was improved to 8 by 100 feet (2.4 by 30.5 metres) by the federal government and renamed the Intracoastal Waterway. It was improved again between 1960 and 1965 to 10 by 125 feet (3.0 by 38.1 metres).[168] All three versions were subject to shoaling which reduced their depths below the specified minimum. Forming part of the northern city limits is the C-15 canal, connecting the El Rio Canal to the Intracoastal Waterway.

Boca Raton pioneered an innovative means to recycle wastewater that involves selling the recycled water to golf courses, to use for irrigation. This system is called the IRIS system. Instead of pumping the nutrient laden wastewater out to sea, or under the ground into an aquifer, the IRIS system prevents nutrients from ending up in the ocean, reducing Boca Raton's impact on the problem of toxic algae blooms.[169]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Language spoken at home among residents at least five years old; only languages (or language groups) which at least 2% of residents have spoken at any time since 1980 are mentioned
  2. ^ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[93] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
  3. ^ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[94] the last Decennial Census where language data was collected was in the 2000 census
  4. ^ Refers to 2013–2017 American Community Survey data;[98][99] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
  5. ^ Refers to 2008–2012 American Community Survey data;[100][101] the last Decennial Census where foreign-born population data was collected was in the 2000 census
  6. ^ Only countries of birth which at least 2% of residents were born in at any time since 1980 are mentioned; no countries meet this criterion for the city of Boca Raton so none of them are mentioned

References

edit
  1. ^ a b "Boca Raton Historical Society & Museum". www.bocahistory.org. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  2. ^ "The Florida Historical Society: Boca Raton". myfloridahistory.org. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
  3. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  4. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Boca Raton, Florida
  5. ^ a b c d "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Florida: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". Florida. U.S. Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  7. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup – Search By City". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
  8. ^ "Boca Raton | Definition of Boca Raton by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  9. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
  10. ^ "Boca Raton Historical Society – Boca Museum – History of Boca Raton". Archived from the original on August 4, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  11. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  12. ^ "This week in history: Town of Bocaratone (that's not a typo) incorporated | Historic Palm Beach". Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
  13. ^ "Boca Raton, Florida". pbchistoryonline.org. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
  14. ^ The Spanish Maritime Dictionary of 1831
  15. ^ Ruiz, Humberto E.; Cobia, Manley F., Boca de Ratones: An Etymological Reassessment (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019, retrieved March 23, 2018
  16. ^ "Fla. mayor irked by poor pronunciations". UPI. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  17. ^ a b c d e f Hellmann 2006.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Boca Raton's History Timeline". Boca Raton Historical Society. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  19. ^ "Ebenezer Baptist Church". Boca Raton Guide. Retrieved September 20, 2022. Ebenezer is a historic church in the historic neighborhood of Pearl City in Boca Raton. Pearl City is just north of downtown Boca Raton. ... It was founded by the Reverend J. H. Dolphus in 1918 and the first church building was a lean to.
  20. ^ "This Week in History", Palm Beach Post, West Palm Beach, archived from the original on June 13, 2017, retrieved April 23, 2017
  21. ^ Florida Legislative Committee on Intergovernmental Relations (2001), Overview of Municipal Incorporations in Florida (PDF), LCIR Report, Tallahassee, archived from the original on April 28, 2017{{citation}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ^ a b c "Boca Raton". Palm Beach County History Online. Historical Society of Palm Beach County. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  23. ^ a b "County: Palm Beach". Florida Historical Marker List. Tallahassee: Florida Department of State. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  24. ^ "Minutes from the City Commission meeting, June 16, 1928" (PDF). Spanish River Papers. Vol. 16. 1987–1988. p. (unpaged). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  25. ^ a b Historic Highway Bridges of Florida (PDF), Florida Department of Transportation, 2012[permanent dead link‍]
  26. ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Boca Raton, Florida". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  27. ^ "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  28. ^ "Boca Raton Designated Historical Sites | Boca Raton Historical Sites".
  29. ^ "City of Boca Raton". Archived from the original on August 24, 2000 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
  30. ^ Kevin Hyde; Tamie Hyde (eds.). "United States of America: Florida". Official City Sites. Utah. OCLC 40169021. Archived from the original on August 24, 2000.
  31. ^ "Boca Raton, FL Population - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts - CensusViewer". Archived from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  32. ^ "Boca Raton city, Florida". QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  33. ^ Florida Legislative Office of Economic and Demographic Research; U.S. Census Bureau (2011), "City of Boca Raton", 2010 Census Detailed City Profiles
  34. ^ a b c "Boca Raton Mayor Susan Haynie re-elected for another three years", Sun-Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale, March 14, 2017
  35. ^ Civic Impulse, LLC. "Members of Congress". GovTrack. Washington DC. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
  36. ^ "Hurricane Irma: Another tornado, severe weather warning in Boca Raton", The Palm Beach Post, September 10, 2017[permanent dead link‍]
  37. ^ Pelish, Jason (June 14, 2018). "Boca Raton's Native Americans: Jeaga, Calusa or Tequesta?". Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  38. ^ a b Susan Gillis; Boca Raton Historical Society (2007). Boomtime Boca: Boca Raton in the 1920s. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7385-4443-4.
  39. ^ "Native Peoples", National Park System, United States Department of the Interior
  40. ^ Boca Raton Historical Society, Spanish River Papers Archived July 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, 1.1 (January 1973)[failed verification].
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Gillis, Susan, and Boca Raton Historical Society (2007). Boomtime Boca. Boca Raton in the 1920s. Arcadia. ISBN 9780738544434.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ "12 Families in Boca in '23" (PDF). Spanish River Papers. Vol. 2, no. 1. May 1973. pp. 4–5, at p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2018. Reprinted from the Delray Beach News, 13 August 1953
  43. ^ a b c d e f Mizner Development Corporation (1925). Boca Raton (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  44. ^ a b c Boca Raton Historical Society. "Mizner's Dream: The Built and the Unbuilt". Archived from the original on January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
  45. ^ a b c Curl, Donald W. (1992). Mizner's Florida. Florida resort architecture. The Architectural History Foundation and the MIT Press. ISBN 0262530686. First published 1984
  46. ^ Conde de Agrolongo (1908). Canal do Mangue, Rio de Janeiro RJ. Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural. ISBN 9788579790607. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  47. ^ Seebohm 2001. pp. 216–217.
  48. ^ Curl, Donald W. and John P. Johnson. Boca Raton; A Pictorial History. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company, 1990. p. 52
  49. ^ Wright, Michael (November 2012), "Boca Raton's Spanish Village" (PDF), Spanish River Papers, vol. 21, archived from the original (PDF) on April 12, 2019, retrieved January 3, 2018
  50. ^ Seebohm, Caroline (2001), Boca Rococo. How Addison Mizner Invented Florida's Gold Coast, New York: Clarkson Potter, ISBN 0609605151
  51. ^ Virtual Tour of Arica U.S.A.. Retrieved August 27, 2006.
  52. ^ "Camino Gardens". Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
  53. ^ Ancient America: one of Florida's lost tourist attractions. lostparks.com. Retrieved August 27, 2006.
  54. ^ Janie Gold, "Archer calls on Boca Raton to de-annex University Park" Archived March 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Palm Beach Post, July 12, 1972, C1–C2.
  55. ^ Porter, Martin (November 1983). "The Talk of Boca". PC Magazine. p. 162. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  56. ^ Bulman, Philip (November 5, 1984). "Big time: IBM skillfully revives lackluster sales of PCjr". Fort Lauderdale News. p. 47. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  57. ^ Clough, Alexandra (September 23, 2016). "New owner gives new life to former home of IBM in Boca". The Palm Beach Post. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  58. ^ Clough, Alexandra (April 10, 2018). "Crocker Partners pays $170 million for former IBM campus in Boca Raton". Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  59. ^ "Boca Raton Museum of Art".
  60. ^ "miznerparkamp.com". Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  61. ^ "Forbes List: Most Exclusive Gated Communities in the US". Forbes. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  62. ^ "Neighborhood Scout: Boca Raton Real Estate". Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  63. ^ "Luxury Development In Boca Raton is Booming". Forbes. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  64. ^ "Boca Raton's Booming Downtown and What the Future Has in Store". Retrieved September 17, 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  65. ^ "MyBoca.US Official Map". Archived from the original on June 15, 2020.
  66. ^ Buddy Sparrow (October 17, 2015), WELCOME TO DEERFIELD CAY, A BEAUTIFUL ISLAND IN SOUTH FLORIDA !, archived from the original on December 11, 2021, retrieved August 4, 2016
  67. ^ a b "Google Earth". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  68. ^ Evans and Lee, (1990). Pearl City, Florida: A Black Community Remembers. Boca Raton: Florida Atlantic UP/UP of Florida.
  69. ^ "Average weather for Boca Raton". The Weather Channel. May 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
  70. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau". U.S. Census Bureau.
  71. ^ "Census Counts: 1890-2020". Florida Municipal Population Census Counts: 1890 to 2020. Office of Economic and Demographic Research, The Florida Legislature. 2023. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  72. ^ a b "General Population Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). 07553445v1chA-Cpt11sec1ch002.pdf. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  73. ^ a b "1990 Census of Population General Population Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 2" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  74. ^ a b "PL002: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". PL002 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE [73]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  75. ^ a b "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT ... - Census Bureau Table". P2 | HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  76. ^ Doris, Tony (April 18, 2019). "Study: County's Jewish population gets younger, bigger". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  77. ^ Bustos, Sergio. "SOUTH FLORIDA BECOMES HAVEN FOR BRAZILIANS". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  78. ^ "H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS". H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  79. ^ "P12 | SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED AGE CATEGORIES". P12: SEX BY AGE FOR SELECTED ... - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  80. ^ "P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  81. ^ "H1 | OCCUPANCY STATUS". H1: OCCUPANCY STATUS - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  82. ^ "P12 | SEX BY AGE". P12: SEX BY AGE - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  83. ^ "P13 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  84. ^ "H003 | OCCUPANCY STATUS [3]". H003: OCCUPANCY STATUS [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  85. ^ "P012 | SEX BY AGE [49]". P012: SEX BY AGE [49] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  86. ^ "P013 | MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3]". P13: MEDIAN AGE BY SEX [3] - Census Bureau Table. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  87. ^ "S2001: EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 ... - Census Bureau Table". S2001 | EARNINGS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  88. ^ "S1901: INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS ... - Census Bureau Table". S1901 | INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2021 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  89. ^ "S1701: POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST ... - Census Bureau Table". S1701 | POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  90. ^ a b c "S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - Census Bureau Table". S1501 | EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  91. ^ "Boca Raton FL Real Estate Information – NeighborhoodScout". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  92. ^ "Most Expensive Gated Communities In America 2004". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved August 24, 2017.
  93. ^ "C16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR ... - Census Bureau Table". C16001 | LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  94. ^ "B16001: LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY - Census Bureau Table". B16001 | LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  95. ^ "PCT010: AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT ... - Census Bureau Table". PCT010 | AGE BY LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER [83]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  96. ^ a b "1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 1 of 3" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 1. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  97. ^ a b "General Social and Economic Characteristics FLORIDA 1980 Census of Population" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  98. ^ "B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". B05001 | NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  99. ^ "B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". B05006 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  100. ^ "B05001: NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". B05001 | NATIVITY AND CITIZENSHIP STATUS IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  101. ^ "B05006: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". B05006 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  102. ^ "P021: PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP ... - Census Bureau Table". P021 | PLACE OF BIRTH BY CITIZENSHIP STATUS [15]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  103. ^ "PCT019: PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE ... - Census Bureau Table". PCT019 | PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION [126]. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  104. ^ "1990 Census of Population General Social and Economic Characteristics Florida Section 2 of 3" (PDF). Florida: 1990, Part 2. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
  105. ^ Drew, David (May 14, 2014). "Dates and times set for inaugural MAC football-affiliated Boca Raton Bowl, Bahamas Bowl". mlive.com. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  106. ^ Shatzman, Marci (January 21, 2019). "Boca's huge Greek Festival opens Thursday". Boca Voice. Archived from the original on October 27, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  107. ^ "Royal Palm Place in Boca Raton, FL". Visit Florida. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  108. ^ Chokey, Aric (August 8, 2017). "Nearly 300 apartments planned for Royal Palm Place in downtown Boca". sun-sentinel.com. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  109. ^ Randy Schultz (March 5, 2020). "What Will Take Over the Sears Space at Town Center Mall in Boca Raton?". Boca Magazine. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  110. ^ "Restaurant Row gets a go". Boca Voice. January 14, 2020. Archived from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  111. ^ "Recreation Services Home". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  112. ^ "South Inlet Park". Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  113. ^ "Red Reef Park". Sink, Florida, Sink!. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  114. ^ "South Inlet Park". Sink, Florida, Sink!. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  115. ^ "Gumbo Limbo". Archived from the original on August 1, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
  116. ^ cwdev. "The Wick Theatre and Costume Museum -". Retrieved April 11, 2020.
  117. ^ Office Depot Press Release.
  118. ^ "Contact Us Archived November 30, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." GEO Group. Retrieved on May 10, 2010.
  119. ^ "City of Boca Raton 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report". p. 186. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  120. ^ School District of Palm Beach County – High School Boundary Maps Archived February 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine – Accessed December 17, 2007
  121. ^ "Alexander D. Henderson University School-Florida Center for Environmental Studies". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  122. ^ "Florida Atlantic University High School – About FAU High School". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  123. ^ "Wall Street's Move South Crowds Florida's Elite Private Schools". Bloomberg.com. June 10, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  124. ^ "Saint Jude Catholic School".
  125. ^ "Grandview Preparatory School". Archived from the original on February 29, 2008.
  126. ^ "Boca Prep International School".
  127. ^ "St. Joan of Arc Catholic Church & School".
  128. ^ "Spanish River Christian".
  129. ^ "Saint Paul Lutheran School".
  130. ^ "Advent Lutheran School".
  131. ^ "Torah Academy of Boca Raton".
  132. ^ Boca Raton: A burgeoning college town prepares for change – Sun Sentinel Archived May 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Articles.sun-sentinel.com (December 27, 1992). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
  133. ^ Palm Beach State College, Palm Beach State History, History – Timeline, "Palm Beach State - History - Date Timeline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015., retrieved August 17, 2015.
  134. ^ "Newspapers | Boca Raton Historical Society". www.bocahistory.org. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  135. ^ "Mayors of Boca Raton". Boca Raton Historical Society. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013.
  136. ^ a b "Gov. Rick Scott suspends Boca Raton Mayor Susan Haynie". Marci Schatzman. April 27, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  137. ^ "City of Boca Raton – A City for All Seasons". Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  138. ^ Perez, Luis F. (February 12, 2008). "Boca may have next mayor by today". Sun Sentinel. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
  139. ^ "City of Boca Raton – City Government". Retrieved July 19, 2017.
  140. ^ "Florida's 22nd Congressional District". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  141. ^ "Florida's 21st Congressional District". Ballotpedia. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  142. ^ "How Florida, Palm Beach County, and the City of Boca Raton Voted for President". www.bocaratontribune.com. January 23, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  143. ^ Wood, Jim (December 16, 2020). "City of Boca Raton Presidential Election Vote Results 2020 vs 2016". BocaFirst. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  144. ^ Comen, Samuel Stebbins and Evan. "Safe cities: California, Texas are home to many of towns with lower violent crime rates". USA TODAY. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  145. ^ "Life in Boca Raton: 15 Reasons Every Day in Boca Raton Is the Best Day Ever – Movoto". Movoto Real Estate. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  146. ^ Brown, Julie K. (September 29, 2012). "Joseph Merlino: The mobster next door". Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  147. ^ "Mafia Wife Interview with Lynda Milita". Boca Raton. Archived from the original on August 19, 2007.
  148. ^ "Married To The Mob: Mafia Wife To Sue HBO". cbs4.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
  149. ^ World Archipelago. "author-details". Archived from the original on February 6, 2010. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  150. ^ Jacobson, Kate. "Killer in unsolved 2007 Boca slayings bought plastic ties, duct tape in Miami-Dade, officials say". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  151. ^ Fooksman, Leon. "America's Most Wanted host: Serial killer at work in Boca". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  152. ^ Angel, Greg. "Have the murders of a mother and daughter shopping at a Boca mall gone cold?". WPEC. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  153. ^ "Four years, no answers in Boca's Town Center murders". palmbeachpost. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  154. ^ "Boca Raton News – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved July 28, 2017.[permanent dead link‍]
  155. ^ "Heroin linked to rising drug death toll". thecoastalstar.com. March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  156. ^ "Heroin-related deaths skyrocket as Palm Beach County leads state". palmbeachpost. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  157. ^ "Boca Raton Police Chief Officially Retiring". www.bocaratontribune.com. November 7, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  158. ^ "Top 10 Airports for Private Jets in Florida". www.aircharterserviceusa.com. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  159. ^ "AOPA Airports". www.aopa.org. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  160. ^ Baitinger, Brooke (December 11, 2019). "Brightline station coming to Boca Raton by 2021". South Florida Sun Sentinel. Boca Raton, Florida. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  161. ^ Tolliver, Laura Jazmin. "Brightline/Virgin Trains gets approval to raise funds for Orlando extension". The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
  162. ^ Lynch, Ryan. "Virgin Trains' Tampa-to-Orlando right of way negotiations extended again". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  163. ^ "Palm Tran Maps and Schedules". Archived from the original on July 4, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  164. ^ Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records Archived January 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Florida, Townships 46–48, Range 43
  165. ^ "The Mysterious "Capone Island": Deerfield Island Park" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2006. Retrieved March 16, 2008. (597KB)
  166. ^ "Deerfield Island – Spanish River Papers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 2, 2008. (2.47MB)
  167. ^ "A history of Florida's East Coast Canal: The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway from Jacksonville to Miami" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2008. (3.8 MB)
  168. ^ Aubrey Parkman, History of the waterways of the Atlantic coast of the United States Archived March 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, National Waterways Study, 1983, p.87.
  169. ^ Pelish, Jason (September 18, 2018). "The Solution to Toxic Algae is Already Happening in Boca Raton - 4Boca.com". www.4boca.com. Retrieved December 31, 2022.

Further reading

edit
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boca Raton, Florida.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Boca Raton.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boca_Raton,_Florida&oldid=1253322859"