Portuguese colonization era | |||
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1512–1605 | |||
Location | Malay Archipelago, East Indies | ||
Including | Portuguese–Ternate wars Aceh–Portuguese wars Demak–Portuguese wars | ||
Leader(s) | Alfonso de Albuquerque António de Abreu Francisco Serrão | ||
Key events | Age of Discovery | ||
Chronology
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The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.
Europeans were making technological advances in the early 16th century; new-found Portuguese expertise in navigation, shipbuilding and weaponry allowed them to make daring expeditions of exploration and expansion. Starting with the first exploratory expeditions sent from newly conquered Malacca in 1512, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the East Indies, and sought to dominate the sources of valuable spices[1] and to extend their Roman Catholic missionary efforts. Initial Portuguese attempts to establish a coalition and peace treaty in 1522 with the West Javan Sunda Kingdom[2] failed, owing to hostilities among indigenous kingdoms on Java. The Portuguese turned east to Moluccas, which comprised a varied collection of principalities and kingdoms that were occasionally at war with each other but maintained significant inter-island and international trade. Through both military conquest and alliance with local rulers, they established trading posts, forts, and missions in the Spice Islands, including Ternate, Ambon, and Solor.
Arrival of the Portuguese
editFrom Malacca to the Spice Islands
editConstruction of São João Baptista de Ternate
editMonopolization of trade
editEngagement of trade in Sumatra
editCloves from Maluku
editStruggle with other European merchants
editRelationship with local rulers
editPeace treaty with Sunda Kingdom
editConflict with the Acehnese
editAttempted domination over Java
editPolitical interference in Ternate royal courts
editDecline and fall
editProlonged war with the Aceh Sultanate
editExpulsion from Java
editOverthrown in Ternate
editDutch attacks on Ambon and Tidore
editLegacy
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ricklefs, M.C (1969). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, second edition. London: MacMillan. pp. 22–24. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
- ^ Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16. Cipta Loka Caraka. 1999.;Zahorka, Herwig (2007). The Sunda Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor, Over 1000 Years of Prosperity and Glory. Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka.