Wikipedia

People's Movement for the State

Not to be confused with People's Movement of Serbia.

The People's Movement for the State (Serbian Cyrillic: Народни покрет за државу, romanized: Narodni pokret za državu, abbr. NPZD), also referred to as the Movement for the People and the State (Serbian Cyrillic: Покрет за народ и државу, romanized: Pokret za narod i državu, abbr. PZND), are the working names of the political movement in Serbia initiated by Aleksandar Vučić, the president of Serbia and then-president of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), in March 2023. Vučić defined it as a "supra-party movement" that would include political parties, such as SNS and the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), and other movements, associations, and individuals. He organised rallies to promote the movement in March and May 2023.

People's Movement for the State
Народни покрет за државу
Narodni pokret za državu
Other nameMovement for the People and the State
AbbreviationNPZD, PZND
LeaderAleksandar Vučić
Initiated8 March 2023 (2023-03-08)
Founded7 April 2024 (2024-04-07)
IdeologyPopulism
Colors  Blue
Slogan"Srbija sanja i snove ostvaruje"
("Serbia dreams and its dreams come true")

Despite not having a programme, the movement has been described as populist, centrist, or not strictly ideologically defined. Political parties such as SNS, Social Democratic Party of Serbia, Movement of Socialists, United Serbia, PUPS – Solidarity and Justice, Serbian Party Oathkeepers, and Greens of Serbia have expressed interest in joining the movement. Inside SPS, there have been voices supportive and opposing of the movement, though Ivica Dačić, the president of SPS, supports the inclusion of SPS in the movement. All the aforementioned parties, including SPS, contested the 2024 Belgrade City Assembly election as part of the Belgrade Tomorrow electoral list, in which they won 64 out of 110 seats in the City Assembly of Belgrade. Miloš Vučević, the president of SNS, said that the electoral list was effectively the movement.

History

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Background

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Aleksandar Vučić initiated the People's Movement for the State

The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) was founded in 2008 as a split from the Serbian Radical Party, a far-right political party.[1][2] It was led by Tomislav Nikolić until the 2012 elections, when he resigned from the position of president of SNS after being elected president of Serbia.[3][4] Aleksandar Vučić succeeded him as president of SNS, while in 2017, he also succeeded Nikolić as president of Serbia after the 2017 presidential election.[5][6]

In the 2022 general elections, SNS received fewer votes and seats than in the 2020 parliamentary election.[7] Then in September 2022, Vučić hinted at the potential creation of a political bloc or a movement that would act as the rebranded SNS.[8][9] Nova and Vreme news magazines compared the announced movement to the All-Russia People's Front, saying that "the only common goal of the blocs is to strengthen [Vučić's and Vladimir Putin's] personal ratings" (zajedničko im je i to što je pravi cilj, zapravo, jačanje njihovog ličnog rejtinga).[10][11] The movement was initially referred to as the Movement for Serbia, Serb Bloc, and My Serbia by the media.[12][13] Since then, the People's Movement for the State (NPZD) and the Movement for the People and the State have both been the working names of the movement.[14][15]

Formation

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On 8 March 2023, Vučić announced the formation of the People's Movement for the State (NPZD).[14][16] Political scientist Boban Stojanović described the formation of the NPZD as "the preparation for the next snap parliamentary elections".[17] Vučić affirmed that SNS would not be dissolved and that the NPZD would instead act as a "supra-party movement" (nadstranački pokret).[18][19] Vučić organised rallies to promote the movement in Vranje on 11 March,[20][21] and in Pančevo on 19 May.[22] Miloš Vučević, the minister of defence, succeeded Vučić as president of SNS on 27 May.[23][24]

Initially, it was announced that the movement would be formalised on Vidovdan; however, shortly before Vidovdan, Vučić announced that it would instead be formalised by September 2023.[25][26] Later in August, Vučević and Darko Glišić, the president of the executive board of SNS, announced that it would be formalised in early autumn.[27][28] At the session of the main board of SNS, which was held in October 2023, there were no mentions of the NPZD.[29] However, in late October 2023, Vučić announced that the NPZD will be formed "in the coming period" (u narednom periodu).[30] Parliamentary and Belgrade City Assembly elections were held in Serbia in December 2023.[31][32] In the parliamentary election, SNS re-gained its parliamentary majority, while the Belgrade City Assembly election resulted in a hung parliament.[33][34] Election observers declared that electoral fraud occurred on election day.[35][36][37]

Vučić revived the question about the formation of the NPZD in February 2024; he said that the movement "should continue the economic growth of Serbia and defend [Serbia's] national and state interests" (koji će imati snage da ubrza ekonomski rast Srbije i odbrani naše nacionalne i državne interese).[38] He did not announce when the official formation of NPZD would take place.[39] This time, analyst Dejan Bursać described NPZD as a "marketing trick" (marketinški trik) and as an attempt to divert from then-ongoing themes regarding the European Parliament adopting a resolution on the irregularities that occurred in the 2023 elections.[15] Đorđe Vukadinović of Nova srpska politička misao argued the same.[40] Political consultant Nikola Tomić said that the cause of the formation of NPZD is the attempt of Vučić and SNS to consolidate power.[39] Psychologist Jovan Byford described NPZD "as another attempt a tundermining democracy in Serbia and creating a one-party system" (još jedan pokušaj podrivanja demokratije u Srbiji i stvaranja jednopartijskog sistema).[41]

For the 2024 Belgrade City Assembly election, SNS formed a joint electoral list, the Belgrade Tomorrow, with its old partners, but this time also including the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) and Serbian Party Oathkeepers (SSZ), on 7 April.[42] The electoral list also included Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS), Movement of Socialists (PS), United Serbia (JS), PUPS – Solidarity and Justice (PUPS), Healthy Serbia (ZS), Greens of Serbia (Zeleni), Serbian Radical Party, and Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.[42] Vučević said that the electoral list is effectively the movement.[43] Journalist Zoran Panović said that with the formation of the electoral list, the NPZD was also effectively created, despite not having an official announcement.[44] In the election, the Belgrade Tomorrow electoral list won 52 percent of the popular vote and 64 out of 110 seats in the City Assembly of Belgrade.[45]

Ideology and platform

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Vučić and Vučević described the NPZD as a "state-building movement" (državotvorni pokret).[11][46] In June 2023, Vučić announced that they would also publish their political platform "in 10 or 15 days" (za deset ili 15 dana).[47] However, as of August 2023, the platform has not been published yet.[47]

According to the newspaper Danas, the movement would likely promote "responsible national and civic positions" (odgovorne nacionalne ali i građanske politike) and economically liberal policies.[8] Bojan Klačar, the executive director of CeSID, stated for Blic that the movement would most likely be ideologically oriented towards the centre-right but that it would lean closer to the political centre.[48] Nova reported that the movement would be positioned in the centre, that it would support the accession of Serbia to the European Union, and that it would oppose sanctions on Russia related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[19][49] Balkan Insight has described the movement as centrist.[50]

Deutsche Welle also reported that the NPZD would represent the "third way" (treći put) in Serbian politics, while Nataša Anđelković, a BBC News journalist, concluded that its orientation has not been strictly defined.[51][52] Political scientist Věra Stojarová noted that NPZD could adopt populist elements due to its proposed name, while political scientist Vujo Ilić described the formation of the movement as the "epitome of catch-all politics" (otelotvorenje catch-all-a).[52][53][54] Filip Ejdus, a professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Belgrade, described NPZD as populist.[55] BBC News said that NPZD is not ideologically strictly defined.[52]

Euronews said that with the creation of the movement, politically extremist and pro-Russian individuals could be excluded from taking part in the movement.[7] Regarding this, Vučić said "We will not let you destroy Serbia, neither you extremists on the left, nor you extremists on the right. We want to go straight into the future." (Ne damo vam da uništite Srbiju, ni vama ekstremistima s leve, ni vama ekstremistima s desne strane. Hoćemo da idemo pravo u budućnost).[56]

Organisation

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At its rallies, the "Serbia dreams and its dreams come true" (Srbija sanja i snove ostvaruje) slogan was used.[57][58]

Leadership

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Nova reported that the movement would not officially have a president but that Vučić would instead act as its representative; Danas reported that Vučić would preside over a body that would include leaders of other political parties.[49][59] Political scientist Mladen Mrdalj said that Vučić "will try to change the leadership machinery of SNS" (pokušati da presvuče svoju partijsku mašineriju) with the formation of the bloc.[60] After his election as president of SNS, Vučević said that Vučić would be the leader of the NPZD.[61]

Potential members

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Political commentator Predrag Rajić said that "the most logical thing for the movement would be to include ruling parties" (najlogičnije bilo da u tom bloku budu partije vladajuće većine); he named the SPS, SDPS, PS, and JS as potential members.[7] Political scientist Zoran Stojiljković said that it could also include minor parties like the Serbian Renewal Movement and individuals that are supportive of Vučić but were not directly involved in politics before.[12] Danas reported that PUPS and Strength of Serbia Movement could also be potential members of the NPZD.[62] Klačar said the bloc could be "widely spaced" (široko postavljen) and that it could exclude far-right parties,[63] while Predrag Lacmanović of the Faktor Plus non-governmental organisation said that opposition parties also might get invited to join the bloc.[64] Vučić stated that the bloc "also needs Bosniaks, Hungarians, Roma, Slovaks, and Romanians in it" (u njemu su nam potrebni i Bošnjaci, Mađari, Romi, Slovaci, Rumuni) and that independent individuals would be part of the bloc.[65][66] He also saw SPS as a potential member.[67] Goran Vesić, the minister of construction, transport, and infrastructure, added that non-governmental organisations could also take part in the movement.[68]

At the party conference on 10 March 2023, SNS stated its support for the formation of the NPZD, while after Vučević's election as president of SNS, it was confirmed that SNS would take part in the movement.[61][69] Rasim Ljajić, the leader of SDPS, said that "it is logical for his party to be part of the new movement" (logično da ... stranka bude deo novog pokreta), while SPS, JS, PUPS, and the Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina stated their support for the creation of the movement.[53][70][71] In an August 2023 interview for Politika, Ljajić said that "[SDPS] certainly expects talks with our coalition partner, the Serbian Progressive Party" ([SDPS] svakako očekuje razgovore s našim koalicionim partnerom Srpskom naprednom strankom) and that he sees the potential of the movement to be the "barrier to any extremism, especially right-wing extremism" (ja ga vidim kao branu svakom ekstremizmu, naročito desničarskom).[72] SNS held negotiations with Milan Stamatović's ZS about joining the movement in October 2023.[73] The SSZ initially declined to take part in the movement; however, in February 2024 Milica Đurđević Stamenkovski, the party's president, confirmed that negotiations were held regarding the party joining the NPZD.[70][74] Klačar argued that with the addition of Đurđević Stamenkovski and SSZ, the NPZD could receive votes from the right-wing bloc.[75] Aleksandar Vulin, the former president of PS, also said in February 2024 that PS would join the NPZD if it received an invitation.[76]

Ivica Dačić, the leader of SPS, added that with the formation of the movement, the cooperation between SPS and SNS could be put on an even higher stage.[77] A faction opposed to joining the NPZD was formed inside SPS with individuals such as vice-president Predrag J. Marković, who has said that SPS would lose its identity if it joined the movement.[78][79] Vladan Zagrađanin also said that if SPS joined, it would "renounce everything that it had built up over the years" (odrekla svega što je građeno godinama).[80] Besides Dačić,[81] Đorđe Milićević and Snežana Paunović have also been supportive of SPS joining NPZD.[82] During his visit to Germany, Milićević also called Serbs that live in Hamburg to support the movement.[82] Paunović said that SPS joining the NPZD would not "threaten the party's identity" (ne bi ugrozio stranački identitet) and that they would "put ideological differences aside in order to achieve a common goal" (staviti po strani ideološke razlike i objediniti se oko zajedničkog cilja).[82] Dragan Marković, the president of JS and a coalition partner of SPS, also expressed his support for joining the NPZD.[15] The Zeleni, an another partner of SPS, expressed their willingness to join the NPZD in February 2024.[83]

Opposition parties such as the New Democratic Party of Serbia, Party of Freedom and Justice, Democratic Party, Dveri, and Movement of Free Citizens criticised its formation or declined to take part in the movement.[70][81] Enis Imamović, a Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak member of parliament, said that "the movement does not provide answers to questions of vital importance for Bosniaks" (niti daje odgovore na druga pitanja od vitalnog značaja za Bošnjake), while the Justice and Reconciliation Party said that it would consider participating in the movement.[84] The We – Voice from the People refused to comment on the matter.[39]

References

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  47. ^ a b Kojić, Nikola (11 August 2023). "Ni slovo na papiru: Vučićev Narodni pokret za državu i dalje samo u najavi" [Not even a word on a paper: Vučić's People's Movement for the State is still just an announcement]. N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  48. ^ Luković, Danijela (20 September 2022). "Tri muve jednim pokretom Šta Vučić hoće da postigne novom organizacijom: Od rebrendiranja SNS, preko sređivanja desnice, do prevazilaženja podela, a sve to ima veze i sa Putinom" [Three flies with one movement, What Vučić wants to achieve with the new organisation: From rebranding the SNS, to sorting out the right wing, to overcoming divisions, and all of this has to do with Putin]. Blic (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  49. ^ a b Milovančević, Vojislav (16 December 2022). "Vučićev pokret "Srpski blok" na čekanju do proleća, prvo izbori u SNS" [Vučić's "Serb Bloc" movement is on hold until spring, first the SNS elections will come]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  50. ^ Dragojlo, Saša (7 June 2023). "Illusion of Change: Serbia's Vucic Puts 'Movement' Ahead of Party". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  51. ^ Petrović, Ivica (11 March 2023). "Zbijanje redova iza Vučića: Čemu služi Narodni pokret?" [Closing ranks behind Vučić: What is the purpose of the People's Movement?]. Deutsche Welle (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  52. ^ a b c Anđelković, Nataša (11 March 2023). "Vučićev narodni pokret za državu – šta se može očekivati" [Vučić's people's movement for the state – what can be expected]. BBC News (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  53. ^ a b Đurović, Jovana; Ranković, Rade (14 March 2023). "Hoće li Vučićev Narodni pokret za državu "pojesti" nacionalnu desnicu" [Will Vučić's People's Movement for the State "eat" the national right]. Voice of America (in Serbian). Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  54. ^ Marković, Radmilo (15 March 2023). "Narodni pokret za državu ili stvaranje paralelne države" [People's movement for a state or the creation of a parallel state]. Vreme (in Serbian). Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  55. ^ Nešić, Nenad (16 February 2024). "Voz je opet u "Pokretu": Vučić oživljava skoro pa zaboravljenu temu – "za narod i državu"" [The train is in motion again: Vučić revives an almost forgotten topic – "for the people and the state"]. N1 (in Serbian). Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  56. ^ ""Nacionalni interes mora biti ispred politikanstva": Šta je cilj Pokreta za narod i državu i hoće li ujediniti Srbiju?" ["The national interest must come before politics": What is the goal of the Movement for the People and the State and will it unite Serbia?]. Euronews (in Serbian). 14 February 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  57. ^ "Srbija sanja i snove ostvaruje: Otkriven slogan novog Vučićevog pokreta" [Serbia dreams and its dreams come true: The slogan of Vučić's new movement has been revealed]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 10 March 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  58. ^ Rujević, Nemanja (24 May 2023). "Mitinzi Aleksandra Vučića: Kako ljudi "dezertiraju"" [Aleksandar Vučić's rallies: How people are "deserting"]. Vreme (in Serbian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  59. ^ Valtner, Lidija (16 December 2022). "Najavljeno, pa stavljeno po strani: Zašto Vučić gotovo da ne pominje stvaranje srpskog pokreta?" [Announced, then put aside: Why does Vučić hardly mention the creation of the Serbian movement?]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  60. ^ "Kako novi Vučićev pokret može biti put ka defakto diktaturi" [How the new Vučić movement can be a path to a defacto dictatorship]. N1 (in Serbian). 8 March 2023. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  61. ^ a b "Vučević: Vučić će biti lider novog pokreta, nema razloga za strah" [Vučević: Vučić will be the leader of the new movement, there is no reason to fear]. N1 (in Serbian). 28 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  62. ^ Valtner, Lidija (9 March 2023). "Od preventivnog vezivanja do političkog suicida: Kako će se SPS odnositi prema novom Vučićevom pokretu?" [From pre-trial detention to political suicide: How will the SPS treat the new Vučić movement?]. Danas (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  63. ^ Luković, Danijela (1 September 2022). "Ni na istok, ni na zapad... Šta je Vučićev novi blok: Ni stranka, ni pokret, već konsenzus! U njemu ima mesta za sve, osim za jednu grupu, a ključno pitanje je: Može li da pomiri Srbiju?" [Neither to the east nor to the west... What is Vučić's new bloc, Neither a party, nor a movement, but a consensus! There is room in it for everyone, except for one group, and the key question is: Can it reconcile Serbia?]. Blic (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  64. ^ Luković, Danijela (11 January 2023). "U novoj godini – nova politička sila! Šta je naumio Vučić sa SNS i kako bi sve to moglo da izgleda u 2023" [In the new year – a new political force! What is Vučić up to with SNS and how could it all look like in 2023?]. Blic (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  65. ^ "Vučić: Na sledećim izborima i 'Blok Srbija' i SNS, Nova vlada iduće nedelje" [Vučić: In the next elections, both the 'Serb Bloc' and the SNS, the new government will be announced next week]. Novinska agencija Beta (in Serbian). 21 October 2022. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  66. ^ Lukač, Davor (10 March 2023). "Istorijski rez" [Historical cut]. FoNet portal (in Serbian). Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  67. ^ "Vučić ponovo oživeo ideju o "Pokretu za narod i državu"" [Vučić revived the idea of the "Movement for the People and the State"]. NIN (in Serbian). 14 February 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  68. ^ "Vesić: Narodni pokret istorijska inicijativa, neophodno jedinstvo po pitanju KiM" [Vesić: The People's Movement is a historical initiative, necessary unity on the issue of Kosovo and Metohija]. Euronews (in Serbian). 14 March 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  69. ^ "Podržan Vučićev predlog" [Vučić's proposal has support]. FoNet portal (in Serbian). 10 March 2023. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  70. ^ a b c Cvetković, Ljudmila (13 March 2023). "Pet odgovora o Narodnom pokretu za državu predsednika Srbije" [Five answers about the People's Movement for the State of the President of Serbia]. Radio Free Europe (in Serbian). Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  71. ^ "Palma: Svi zajedno treba da podržimo osnivanje Narodnog pokreta za državu koje je Vučić najavio" [Palma: We should all together support the establishment of the People's Movement for the State that Vučić announced]. Telegraf (in Serbian). 1 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  72. ^ Spalović, Dejan (7 August 2023). "Potpuni debakl međunarodne zajednice na Kosovu" [A complete debacle of the international community in Kosovo]. Politika (in Serbian). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  73. ^ Latković, Nataša (23 October 2023). "Stamatović pregovara o ulasku u Vučićev pokret" [Stamatović is negotiating to join Vučić's movement]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  74. ^ "Đurđević Stamenkovski: Razgovaramo o mogućem ulasku u Vučićev Pokret za narod i državu" [Đurđević Stamenkovski: We are discussing possible entry into Vučić's Movement for the People and the State]. N1 (in Serbian). 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  75. ^ Slavković, Stefan (22 January 2024). "Kako je Milica Zavetnica postala Milica miljenica: Razvojni put od opozicije, preko Banjaluke do Vučićevih pohvala" [How Milica Zavetnica became Milica Lover: Development path from the opposition, via Banja Luka to Vučić's praises]. NIN (in Serbian). Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  76. ^ "Vulin: Ako budemo pozvani, ući ćemo u Pokret za narod i državu" [Vulin: If we get invited, we will join the Movement for the People and the State]. Insajder (in Serbian). 27 February 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  77. ^ "Dačić: Narodni pokret može da bude nova, viša faza saradnje SNS i SPS" [Dačić: The People's Movement can be a new, higher state of cooperation between SNS and SPS]. N1 (in Serbian). 26 March 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  78. ^ Savić, Danilo (23 June 2023). "Šta se dešava sa Vučićevim pokretom: Socijalisti pod pritiskom i podeljeni oko ulaska, spremna "zamka" za sve koji odbiju poziv" [What is happening with Vučić's movement: Socialists under pressure and divided about entry, a ready "trap" for all who refuse the invitation]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  79. ^ "Predrag Marković protiv utapanja SPS u Vučićev Narodni pokret za državu" [Predrag Marković against submerging the SPS in Vučić's People's Movement for the State]. NOVA portal (in Serbian). 8 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  80. ^ "Zagrađanin: Ako SPS uđe u Vučićev pokret znači da bi se odrekla svega što je građeno godinama" [Zagrađanin: If the SPS joins Vučić's movement, it means that it would renounce everything that has been built over the years]. 021.rs (in Serbian). 20 February 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  81. ^ a b Ilić, Mladen (27 February 2024). "Reakcije političara na Vučićev pokret za narod i državu: Od "najozbiljnije organizacije" do "očajničkog" poteza" [Politicians' reactions to Vučić's movement for the people and the state: From the "most serious organisation" to a "desperate" move]. Danas (in Serbian). Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  82. ^ a b c "SPS ulazi u Pokret za narod i državu: Milićević u Hamburgu pozvao Srbe iz dijaspore da im se pridruže, a šefica poslaničke grupe tvrdi da to ne ugrožava identitet stranke" [SPS will join the Movement for the People and the State: Milićević in Hamburg invited Serbs from the diaspora to join them, and the head of the parliamentary group claims that this does not threaten the party's identity]. Blic (in Serbian). 25 February 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  83. ^ "Zeleni Srbije: Podržavamo državotvorni pokret za narod i državu" [Greens of Serbia: We support the state-building movement for the people and the country]. Radio Television of Vojvodina (in Serbian). 4 March 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  84. ^ Šehović, Nedžib (28 March 2023). "Bošnjačke partije (ne)odlučno o Vučićevom Narodnom pokretu" [Bosniak parties (undecided) about Vučić's People's Movement]. Radio Sto Plus (in Serbian). Retrieved 8 April 2023.
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