User:Jshflynn/The Structure/Natural/Biology

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Biology (Outline) edit

Overview	Science Life Properties (Adaptation, Energy processing, Growth, Order, Regulation, Reproduction, Response to environment) Hierarchy of life (Atom > Molecule > Organelle > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ system > Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere) Reductionistic Emergent property Mechanistic Scientific method Theory Law Peer review Biology journals
Chemical basis	Atoms Amino acids Carbohydrates Chemical bond Chemical element Lipids Matter Quantum Molecules Monomer Nucleic acids Organic compounds pH Polymer Proteins Water
Cells	ATP Cell cycle Cell theory Cell signaling Cellular respiration Energy transformation Enzyme Eukaryote Fermentation Metabolism Meiosis Mitosis Photosynthesis Prokaryote
Genetics	DNA Epigenetics Evolutionary developmental biology Gene expression Gene regulation Genomes Mendelian inheritance Post-transcriptional modification
Evolution	Adaptation Earliest known life forms Function Genetic drift Gene flow History of life Macroevolution Microevolution Mutation Natural selection Phylogenetics Speciation Taxonomy
Diversity	Archaea Bacteria Eukaryote Alga Animal Fungus Plant Protist Virus
Plant form and function	Epidermis (botany) Flower Ground tissue Leaf Phloem Plant stem Root Shoot Vascular plant Vascular tissue Xylem
Animal form and function	Breathing Circulatory system Endocrine system Digestive system Homeostasis Immune system Internal environment Muscular system Nervous system Reproductive system Respiratory system
Ecology	Biogeochemical cycle Biological interaction Biomass Biomes Biosphere Climate Climate change Community Conservation Ecosystem Habitat niche Microbiome Population dynamics Resources

Research
methods

Laboratory techniques	Genetic engineering Transformation Gel electrophoresis Chromatography Centrifugation Cell culture DNA sequencing DNA microarray Green fluorescent protein vector Enzyme assay Protein purification Western blot Northern blot Southern blot Restriction enzyme Polymerase chain reaction Two-hybrid screening in vivo in vitro in silico
Field techniques	Belt transect mark and recapture species discovery curve

Branches

Glossaries

Human systems and organs

Musculoskeletal system

Skeletal system	Bone Carpus Collar bone (clavicle) Thigh bone (femur) Fibula Humerus Mandible Metacarpus Metatarsus Ossicles Patella Phalanges Radius Skull Tarsus Tibia Ulna Rib Vertebra Pelvis Sternum Cartilage
Joints	Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint
Muscular system	Muscle Tendon Diaphragm

Circulatory system

Cardiovascular system	peripheral Artery Vein Lymphatic vessel Heart
Lymphatic system	primary Bone marrow Thymus secondary Spleen Lymph node CNS equivalent Glymphatic system

Integumentary system

Haematopoietic and immune systems

Respiratory system

Upper
- Nose
- Nasopharynx
- Larynx
Lower
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Lung

Digestive system

Mouth
- Salivary gland
- Tongue
- Lip
- Tooth
upper GI
lower GI
- Small intestine
- Appendix
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
accessory

Reproductive system

Male
- Scrotum
- Penis
- Prostate
- Testicle
- Seminal vesicle
Female
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Vulva
- Ovary
- Placenta

Endocrine system

v t e Anatomy and morphology
Fields	Gross anatomy Superficial anatomy Neuroanatomy brain morphometry Comparative anatomy Microscopic anatomy histology molecular Morphometrics
Bacteria and fungi	Bacterial cell structure cellular morphologies morphological plasticity Colonial morphology Lichen morphology
Protists	Structures
Plants	Plant anatomy fruit Plant habit Plant life-form Plant morphology reproductive Soil morphology
Invertebrates	Decapod anatomy Gastropod anatomy Insect morphology Diptera Odonata Spider anatomy Arthropod cuticle
Mammals	Human anatomy Neanderthal anatomy Cat anatomy Dog anatomy Horse anatomy Elephant anatomy Giraffe anatomy
Other vertebrates	Amphibian anatomy Bird anatomy Fish anatomy Shark anatomy
Glossaries	Anatomical terminology Anatomical terms of location Glossary of dinosaur anatomy Glossary of plant morphology leaf morphology
Related topics	Allometry Anatomical variation Anatomical plane Body plan Form classification Gracility Hertwig rule History of anatomy 19th century Physiognomy Standard anatomical position Transcendental anatomy
Category Portal Index of anatomy articles

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