Talk:First-wave feminism

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Definition

Is the term "first-wave feminism" really only used to describe the movements in the U.S. and the U.K? What do we call the women's movement in Germany at the time? ntennis 00:24, 6 March 2006 (UTC)

My understanding was that "First wave feminism" is used to retroactively refer to most/all nineteenth century 'feminist' movements.

It's not what they called themselves, of course. There is no universal terminology that "first wave" or "second wave" or "third wave" is a part of - it's as valid as you make it.

So, yes, if you want it to, "First-wave Feminism" can apply both to the American movements, the British, the Australian, the German, the French, and the movements across the rest of Europe as well.

I think this article is definitely too US-centric, and needs a good dose of history (to compare and contrast) from other parts of the world as well. If you have some German information to contribute, go ahead. --Dissembly 4:36pm Tuesday 7th March 2006

If the women's movement in Europe is included in "first-wave feminism", then the statement that this "first wave" ended around 1920 is far too US/UK-centric. Women did not get the vote in France until 1944 and there was a very active suffrage movement there in the interwar years. Shouldn't this also be treated as part of the "first wave"? It depends on whether you consider the "three waves" of feminism to be international in nature or a term applying more strictly to anglophone feminism. Iamcuriousblue (talk) 01:42, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

Marie Stopes more second wave than first, Eugenics? This is one of the parts of our feminist history that is a bit too easy to brush aside because it doesn't f it in well with the 'great story arc' of feminism. The second wave was full of messy interestingness ( Child support being perhaps -in the UK at least- the idea that had the longest shelf life), after the 'give us the vote' phase and before the 'hey, why aren't we equal yet?' phase came the second wave with the flirting with eugenic, feminism's teenage years?

I would question the assertion that the second wave was more radical, Matilda Joslyn Gage was *the business* and firmly first wave. She wrote a lot about women an technology but not from a wimpy-assed, 'what could we do if only we were equal' standpoint but from a, 'look, here are all the things that women have done, despite the odds, but hey, they have been left out of the histories' perspective. I have seen a photo of her sitting front row centre in a 'team photo' of some big American conference. It's ironic that as the 'historian' she is the one getting elbowed into the spine of the book by Cady Stanton and Susan B, and elbowed into the margins by historians of the women's movement. When they joined forces with Willard's bunch they lurched to the right and it was handy to gloss over the more radical elements like Gage... Personally, I think that Gage still casts a long shadow through our culture thanks to her son-in-law's (L Frank Baum's) Oz books, but that's wandering off topic.

It's probably not that useful to make comparison's like "The majority of first-wave feminists were more moderate and conservative than radical or revolutionary" surely it's more about the time than the radicalism? utilly —Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.144.146.113 (talk) 22:16, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

---

I concur with some of the demurrers offered by unsigned, above, but I have something of the opposite problem. By trying to apply the term 'first-wave feminism" , deeply problematic and of course anachronistic, beyond the US, and even to the UK but then even beyond looks to this ardent reader as though the article is not useful and simpy a grab bag (I replaced a miplaced section, btw, and moved it where it ought to go, which is into the US section) that tells me far less than I need to know, and with far less competence thn the several other articles on feminism, on individual feminist women, on groups, on movements, and even on "waves." I should think something like '19th cenury feminism in the UK (or France or german or Austrialia...) [and its antecedents]' is a better topic entry. Also. I found that the least useful article of the feminist set referring to the US was the one entitled "second-wave feminism"—even though polished, it was dry as dust and there were no active people or movements there, so to speak. I see there have been recent edits here, so maybe this article can be brought into shape, but since the term "first-wave feminsm" is just a back formation, maybe not? thanks, fellow Wikipedians for your time and efforts, Actio (talk) 20:57, 13 June 2018 (UTC)

Australia

• Davidson, Dianne, Women on the warpath : feminists of the first wave, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA, 1997.

Australian women were also granted suffrage in South Australia 1861(part) and 1894(full). See also, Bessie Rischbieth. Is there a feminist project? ☻ Fred|☝ discussion|✍ contributions 12:09, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Abortion

I'm removing the following text for the moment:

Both Stanton and Anthony believed that abortion was an imposition of the patriarchy upon women and that if decisions about abortion were placed into the hands of women, it would happen far less often (or cease entirely):

Much as I deplore the horrible crime of child-murder, earnestly as I desire its suppression, I cannot believe that such a law would have the desired effect. It seems to me to be only mowing off the top of the noxious weed, while the root remains. We want prevention, not merely punishment. We must reach the root of the evil, and destroy it.

− Susan B. Anthony, The Revolution, 1869.

For Anthony and Stanton, the root of the evil was men's political control over women through marriage, family and property laws as well as social control through the popularized notion of true "womanliness."

This text appears as a non sequiter. It would make sense only in the context of discussing abortion and contraception as issues for first-wave feminism. It's my understanding that, despite the fact that women like Stanton and Anthony supported it, legalised abortion was not a major rallying point for first-wave feminists, because 1) at the time, it was considered too radical and politically dangerous and 2) the first-wavers were divided on the issue. However, I don't know enough of the history to write this myself.

Speaking of context, it strikes me as a peculiar omission not to mention that Anthony is obviously arguing against an anti-abortion law in the quote.

I also dislike that there is so much attention to abortion in the text compared to other goals of the first wave. It's an important issue, and the position put forth in the quote is quite interesting. But, come on! If we're going to investigate the issues, let's at least give equal space to access to education and contraception, voting and property rights, divorce, abolition.... As a feminist I have strong opinions about abortion, but it does not define the movement, especially in the era in question.

208.120.219.31 23:00, 9 July 2007 (UTC)SLH

I have taken two liberties, one to block quote the removed text in the above statement. The second was to undo the removal. I will restore it, however, the problem lies in the lack of development in this article. The text and quote may resemble something given to support an explanation of the abortion issue, as it relates to 'first wave', but this short article lacks the context for its presentation. In contrast to the view given above, my own understanding is that legislation such as this, or the Contagious Diseases Acts (1864), were to so significantly impact on the health and welfare on Women (and children), that a notable current or goal emerged. Vociferous opponents of these policies presented them as systematic or social practices that impacted directly on health, or led to higher rates of infant and adult mortality. It remained a foundation goal of some feminist organisations, if not the sole aim. It was 'radical and politically dangerous', it would more likely be expounded outside of the conservative movement or by those with less ambitious goals. The frequent overlap of the association's membership would seen opponents seated at the same table. The issue remained important throughout the history of the feminism and was indisputably divisive. I suppose I should provide some citation for this :P ☻ Fred|☝ discussion|✍ contributions 09:58, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

Actually if you read closely the quote does support antiabortion laws, since she refers to abortion as "child murder" and says "We want prevention, not merely punishment," this shows she is not opposed to punishing those involved in abortion. Anthony just does not think antiabortion laws alone will necessarily fix the problem of abortion since it will not address the condition of women. This quote is one of the many used by feminists for life http://www.feministsforlife.org/history/foremoth.htm . Anthony blamed both men and women for abortion, she believed no motive justified it: "No matter what the motive, love of ease, or a desire to save from suffering the unborn innocent, the woman is awfully guilty who commits the deed." —Preceding unsigned comment added by Theruteger (talk • contribs) 04:54, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

UK in the 19th century

Skipping from Woolstonecraft to suffrage, skips... a whole lot. Like a century of meetings, conventions, campaigns and lives. I've added an Expand tag to flag this issue. --Yamara ✉ 06:17, 16 June 2008 (UTC)

-I reluctantly want to note that this section is a mess and there needs at least to be a link the English women's suffrage (and Suffragette) movement.

-I removed this from the UK section and deposited it in the US section (but it is undersourced, imo. Anyone?):

Women started serving on school boards and local bodies, and numbers kept increasing. This period also saw more women gaining access to higher education. In 1910, "women were attending many leading medical schools, and in 1915 the American Medical Association began to admit women members." A Matrimonial Causes Act 1923 gave women the right to the same grounds for divorce as men.

The rise in unemployment during the Great Depression which started in the 1920s hit women first, and when the men also lost their jobs there was further strain on families. Many women served in the armed forces during World War II, when around 300,000 American women served in the navy and army, performing jobs such as secretaries, typists and nurses.

_But what does the bit about marching near the end of this section refer to? Actio (talk) 20:46, 13 June 2018 (UTC)

References

Elaborate reforms

Can you elaborate on "reforms in higher education, in the workplace and professions, and in healthcare." I'm always looking for more details & I think others would like to know also. Stars4change (talk) 06:00, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

When exactly was it possible for women to own property? What year/s? Stars4change (talk) 06:01, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

The history of feminism and Women and Islam articles say in the Middle Ages, depending on where one lived. -SusanLesch (talk) 18:28, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

Race and religion in the first wave

I have reverted an edit which added information about how Black women, Catholic women and Jewish women were sidelined by WASP women in the first wave. The thoughts expressed were poorly shaped, with incorrect facts employed, such as "At a time when ALL American men were granted the right to vote..." This article discusses woman suffrage during times when not all could vote, as well as after the 15th Amendment which did not truly give the right to vote to all U.S. men; it gave the states leeway to demand that voters have money or property or whatever, but forbade them to limit voters by race or color or whether they had been slaves.

I don't think this article is the right place to hash out the differences between AWSA and NWSA—differences which were seen as very large if you were in NWSA or not so large if you were not. Both groups wanted female suffrage at the federal level. Anyway, I'm trying to limit the U.S. section for reasons of undue weight given to a global subject. Binksternet (talk) 02:22, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

Europe

Everything in this article is appropriate, though it is only in draft-state. Lenin's October Revolution was essential to European feminism; for example, Alexandra Kollontai and Inessa Armand. Revan ltrl (talk) 20:44, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

1918 UK law: house or property owner? and above age 29 or 30?

Two discrepancies exist regarding the sentence "Representation of the People Act 1918 had given women the right to vote if they were property holders and older than 29." (The sentence is in the subsection Early 20th Century.) This differs from a similar sentence in Feminism, which is being proposed for trimming because of excess length, so the sentence is likely to be deleted from Feminism but preserved here, so if this article's sentence is in error, it should be corrected here. The sentence in Feminism's First Wave subsection: "In 1918, the Representation of the People Act 1918 was passed, granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned houses." The discrepancies:

• Could she be a "property holder" or did she have to own a house? Holder and owner might have been different statuses in 1918 and property might have been more than a home; a farm without a house might have been property.
• Did she have to be older than 29 or older than 30? Wikipedia in Representation of the People Act 1918 says over 30, but it cites an annotated text of the law, which says, as of the day I'm posting this topic, "As regards the Parliamentary franchise for women, the Act confers this only on women who have attained the age of 30." That suggests that this article is right but that Representation of the People Act 1918 and Feminism are wrong. I don't want to interpret an English law myself without taking a lot more time. Maybe someone already knows.

If it should be "house", "owner", or "older than 30", this article needs correcting. If you know the answer to any of these points, please go ahead.

Thank you. Nick Levinson (talk) 19:03, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

Sources do not agree.

Over thirty

• Women's suffrage in the British Empire: citizenship, nation, and race, pages xiii and 224. 2000
• Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Education: Health to Hypertension, page 798. "In 1918 ... women over 30 years of age were given the vote, provided they were householders or the wives of householders, graduates of British universities, or occupiers of property with an annual rent of £5 or more."

Thirty years and over

• The American labor year book, Volume 2, page 216. 1918
• Suffrage and beyond: international feminist perspectives, page 350. 1994

I imagine we will have to put both in the article, with cites to both. Binksternet (talk) 20:09, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

United States

the last paragraph on the United States draft is not neutral or verifiable:

Many white women excluded black women from their organizations and denied them the right to participate in events because they feared that the racist attitudes of Southern voters would affect their support of the women's movement. One notable instance of black exclusion was at a Washington parade in 1913, when activist Alice Paul did not allow the black feminist Ida Wells-Barnett to march with the other white women; instead, Paul told her that she could march at the back of the procession with the other black women.

Who is to say why white women put black women at the back of the line? If there is no citation, remove the text. Even with a citation, I would dispute its neutrality. To imply that no first-wave feminists were racist seems hardly realistic. It looks more like someone is trying to downplay a potential criticism of first-wave feminism, hence my dispute about its neutrality. Since I don't know much about how to edit Wikipedia, I won't try to edit the page myself; I'll just make a note here. 66.182.220.48 (talk) 03:57, 26 October 2010 (UTC) Gary

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EF in SA

I would like to propose adding a link to equity feminism in the "see also" section. Where 1stwave is generally used in a historical capacity, this term appears to refer to a more recent values system with parallels drawn to 1st wave achievements. This cite for example compares the two:

Kinahan, Anne-Marie (3 August 2004). "One: Foundations: Women Who Run from the Wolves: Feminist Critique As Post-Feminism". In Prince, Althea; Silva-Wayne, Susan (eds.). Feminisms and Womanisms: A Women's Studies Reader. p. 120. Most American women subscribe philosophically to that older "First Wave" kind of feminism whose main goal is equity .. A First Wave, "mainstream," or "equity" feminist wants for women what she wants for everyone .. equity feminism has turned out to be a great American success story.

This is not to say that 1stWave/Equity/Mainstream are necessarily synonymous, just that they have been compared as having similar aims in some contexts by a source enough that they appear to be related topics to one another. Any objections to this? 184.145.18.50 (talk) 19:35, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

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Paraguay and Nueva Germania

I am deleting the section on the Nueva Germania as a supposed feminist colony in Paraguay. The feminist relevance of this colony is dubious, and certainly not substantiated by the sources that are cited in support of this section. The sentence about this appears verbatim in several articles about feminism. Jazzcowboy (talk) 14:42, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

UK / USA / other country confusion

In the United Kingdom section it says "women were attending many leading medical schools, and in 1915 the American Medical Association began to admit women members." Why is that in the UK section?

Also in the UK section it says "Many women served in the armed forces during World War II, when around 300,000 American women served in the navy and army, performing jobs such as secretaries, typists and nurses." I was not aware we brought so many women from the USA to the UK do admin and nursing jobs. Is it an error it is in the UK section?

Furthermore, in the UK section it says "New Zealand was the first country to grant women the right to vote at a national level, while Finland, as well as some American states gave women voting rights at a state level before Australian women obtained that right across the nation." None of those countries are in the UK! (Also, Finland gave women voting rights at a national level.) SandJ-on-WP (talk) 21:25, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

• Layout error fixed as per WP:TPO - comment moved from mid way down the talk page to correct position at the bottom. ThinkingTwice ^{contribs | talk} 19:27, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

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Origins section needs work

The #Origins section has various problems, including repetition, disorganization (e.g. Wollstonecraft mentioned in every paragraph but the first), choppy (the last paragraph sounds like a series of disconnected assertions that read like unconnected bullet points), and some very awkward, even near-incomprehensible wording that sound like awkward machine translation:

• Its previous feminist work was Poullain de la Barre's Equality of sexes (1673). —Huh?
• With Wollstonecraft's work, the illustrated feminist polemic was displayed, and as a result, suffragist movements were stood up. —Translated?

Also, although there are five references, it's not enough, and there many unsourced assertions, including the entirety of paragraphs two and three, and much of the last one. I'll take a crack at starting on the organization issue, by adding some subsection headers, but much additional work needs to be done here.

Finally, if there was translation going on here (the Featured Article in French would be the logical source, though I haven't checked) then an attribution statement is a legal requirement (not just a guideline or policy recommendation) per WMF licensing, and I don't see one anywhere in the edit history. Mathglot (talk)

Above text added 3 December 2017

I removed the repetition tag because this is now solved by giving Wollstonecraft her own subsection. Some citations are still missing, especially I doubt that Rousseau is the father of the Enlightenment. A reorganization also took place, however it is not nice to split a section (Origins) into a subsection without section header and a subsection with a header (Wollstonecraft). So I have left these two points tagged. --Cyfal (talk) 18:26, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

The Origins section remains a problem. The major thing to me seems to be the huge overemphasis on Wollstonecraft. Given the mere context setting role for this section of the article, Wollstonecraft probably should have only one or two sentences. The reader can consult the two "main" articles called out under the section head (or a Wollstonecraft link, for her) if more detail is desired. --R. S. Shaw (talk) 22:09, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

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Split proposal: Timeline

In response to a similar proposal, I'm proposing that the timeline list in this article in section #Timeline be moved to its own article: Timeline of first-wave feminism (see examples at List of timelines). Woodsy lesfem (talk) 03:52, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Note: Added notification of this discussion at Project FEMINISM.   Mathglot (talk) 09:11, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Note: Added notification of this discussion at WT:Splitting.   Mathglot (talk) 09:11, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

• Strong support - material exported to the timeline article should be tightened up, and any unique information factored out of individual timeline bullets should be brought back to this article where appropriate, in prose format. Mathglot (talk) 07:06, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
• Support Will aid understanding of the subject and will allow the parent article to improve in prose. — Mr. Guye (talk) (contribs)  21:21, 22 August 2018 (UTC)
  • Created a draft for the split. Feel free to help 'translate' the timeline info back into the article as prose/tighten up the draft timeline. Woodsy lesfem (talk) 01:43, 23 October 2018 (UTC)

@Mathglot: @Mr. Guye: Checking back in. The timelines here and here almost entirely overlap with the U.S. entries of the timeline on this article. I'm not sure exactly what should be on the first-wave feminism timeline. Should it only be things that resulted from suffragist/women's activism, or from any legal advancement in women's rights, regardless of the cause? The 1809 Connecticut law and early women's property acts, for example, aren't necessarily a direct result of women's activism. Woodsy lesfem (talk) 23:39, 28 February 2019 (UTC)

• Comment I feel I have to point it the existence of this timeline: Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) in the 19th century, which appears to be very close to such a timeline.--Aciram (talk) 17:12, 29 April 2020 (UTC)

Kaybeesquared (talk) 21:49, 5 May 2019 (UTC)

I have corrected to 'United Kingdom' everywhere it occurs in timeline, as that is used in the text section above this section; various timeline entries had used England, Britain, Great Britain, UK. Although a few of the laws referred to may apply in England (with a Scots Law equivalent/or not) most of the entries were about events such as by leaders or members of WSPU and other groups, which were United Kingdom wide womens' movements.

Events of the Bahá'í community

I just removed three events from the timeline, because they were not (or little) known outside the Bahá'í community. If we include events that are meaningful only for a single religious community, we would also have to include events of all other religious communities (as far as I know, some Quaker communities were pretty progressive). I also have the impression that the section on Persia gives undue coverage to the Bahá'í community. Rsk6400 (talk) 09:25, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

I also removed the section on Persia. The whole section looked like Bahá'í self-promotion. The lede defines First-wave feminism as occurring "throughout the Western world". Iran (Persia) is not part of the "Western world", and if we look at communication processes among feminists, we will see that Bahá'í feminist positions had little (if any) influence on Western feminists. I didn't remove the section out of anti-Bahá'í feeling (the Bahá'í community has suffered a lot and is still suffering), but to keep the article focused on its subject. Rsk6400 (talk) 12:39, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

Latin America

Hello, this article barely mentions first-wave feminism in Latin America. Virginia Bolten, Carolina Muzzilli, the Luisi sisters, Delmira Agustini must be included. --179.26.209.125 (talk) 00:38, 10 June 2020 (UTC)

What issue is the first wave of feminism most noted for? LThorne1 (talk) 01:35, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: HIST 2010 Early U.S. History

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 August 2022 and 9 December 2022. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): TennesseeJesus (article contribs).

— Assignment last updated by Saroka26 (talk) 18:31, 12 September 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Intro to Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies-16

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 16 February 2023 and 19 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lkas3 (article contribs).

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