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La Raza metro station

(Redirected from La Raza station)

"La Raza Station" redirects here. For other stations of the same name, see La Raza (disambiguation).

La Raza metro station[b] is a Mexico City Metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. It is a combined underground and at-grade station with two side platforms each, served by Lines 3 (the Olive Line) and 5 (the Yellow Line). La Raza metro station is located between Potrero and Tlatelolco stations on Line 3, and between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios stations on Line 5. It serves the colonias (neighborhoods) of Vallejo and Héroes de Nacozari. The station's pictogram depicts the nearby Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in honor of la Raza, Mexico's many native peoples and cultures.

Pictogram of La Raza metro station. It features the silhouette of a Mesoamerican pyramid with an eagle at the top. La Raza
Mexico City Metro
STC rapid transit
Several people walk through La Raza's Line 5 tunnel. The walls display multiple science and astronomy pictures.
Various scientific images are displayed in La Raza's transfer tunnel (pictured)
General information
LocationMexico City Metro Line 3 Insurgentes Norte Avenue
Mexico City Metro Line 5 Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street
Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City
Mexico
Coordinates19°28′13″N 99°08′13″W / 19.470153°N 99.136891°W / 19.470153; -99.136891
Owned byGovernment of Mexico City
Operated bySistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC)
Line(s)Mexico City Metro Line 3 (Indios Verdes – Universidad)
Mexico City Metro Line 5 (Politécnico – Pantitlán)
Platforms4 side platforms (2 per line)
Tracks4 (2 per line)
Connections
Construction
Structure type
Bicycle facilitiesBicycle parking-only
AccessiblePartial
Other information
StatusIn service
History
Opened
  • Mexico City Metro Line 3 25 August 1978
  • Mexico City Metro Line 5 1 July 1982
Passengers
202312,496,437[a] Increase 5.49%
Rank
Services
Preceding station Mexico City Metro Following station
Potrero
toward Indios Verdes
 Line 3 Tlatelolco
toward Universidad
Autobuses del Norte
toward Politécnico
 Line 5 Misterios
toward Pantitlán
Location
La Raza is located in Mexico City
La Raza
Pictogram of La Raza metro station. It features the silhouette of a Mesoamerican pyramid with an eagle at the top. La Raza
Location within Mexico City
Map
Area map and exits

La Raza metro station opened on 25 August 1978 with service on Line 3 southward toward Hospital General station. Southeasterly service on Line 5 toward Pantitlán station began on 1 July 1982. The station facilities are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates; inside, there is an Internet café, a library, and a mural titled Monstruos de fin de milenio, painted by Ariosto Otero Reyes. Outside, there is a bicycle parking station and a bus terminal. The transfer tunnel has an approximate length of 600 meters (2,000 ft), the second-longest in the system. Inside the tunnel, there is a permanent science exhibition called El Túnel de la Ciencia ("The Tunnel of Science"), installed by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to provide scientific information to passengers, which was opened on 30 November 1988. The exposition features information about science and astronomy using pictures.

In 2019, the station had an overall average daily ridership of 40,937 passengers. Since it was opened, La Raza metro station has had some incidents, including a shooting and a train crash, where one person died and 106 others resulted injured.

Location edit

 
View of the La Raza bus terminal seen from the outside of Line 3

La Raza is a metro transfer station in the Gustavo A. Madero borough, in northern Mexico City. The Line 3 station lies along Insurgentes Norte Avenue, while the Line 5 station lies along the intersection of Leoncavallo and Paganini Streets, near Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas. La Raza serves the colonias (Mexican Spanish for "neighborhoods") of Héroes de Nacozari and Vallejo. Within the system, it lies between Potrero and Tlatelolco metro stations on Line 3; on Line 5, the station lies between Autobuses del Norte and Misterios metro stations.[3]

The area is serviced by a Centro de transferencia modal (CETRAM), a type of transport hub,[4] La Raza Metrobús transfer station (Lines 1 and 3),[5] by Line 1 (formerly Line A) of the trolleybus system,[3] by Routes 11-A, 12, 23, 27-A, and 103 of the Red de Transporte de Pasajeros network,[6] and by Routes 7-D, 20-C, and 20-D of the city's public bus system.[7] In the future, it will connect with the Mexibús Line IV route.[8]

Exits edit

There are five exits.[3]

  • Northwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
  • Southwest: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Vallejo (Line 3).
  • West: Insurgentes Norte Avenue, Héroes de Nacozari (Line 3).
  • North: Leoncavallo Street and Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).
  • South: Paganini Street, Vallejo (Line 5).

History and construction edit

 
La Raza's pictogram is based on the Monumento a la Raza pyramid (pictured)

Line 3 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Ingeniería de Sistemas de Transportes Metropolitano, Electrometro, and Cometro (a subsidiary of Empresas ICA);[9] La Raza Line 3 opened on 25 August 1978, on the first day of the La Raza–Hospital General service.[10] It was built underground;[11] the Potrero–La Raza stretch goes from the street level to the underground level,[12] and its length is 1,106 meters (3,629 ft),[13] while the La Raza–Tlatelolco interstation tunnel is 1,445 m (4,741 ft) long.[13]

Line 5 of the Mexico City Metro was built by Cometro;[14] the station was opened on 1 July 1982, on the first day of the La Raza–Pantitlán service.[10] The station was built at grade level.[15] While the La Raza–Autobuses del Norte interstation is 975 m (3,199 ft) long,[16] the one between La Raza and Misterios measures 892 m (2,927 ft)[16] and goes from the street level to the underground one.[13]

The passenger transfer tunnel that connects Line 3 with Line 5 has an approximate length of 600 m (2,000 ft),[17] and is the second-longest in the system after Atlalilco metro station, which connects Lines 8 and 12 (the Green and Golden lines, respectively), whose length is 880 m (2,890 ft).[18] La Raza's pictogram depicts the Monumento a la Raza, a pyramid-shaped construction erected in 1940 in honor of la Raza,[3][19] an ethnic movement by indigenous peoples of Mexico.[2] The facilities are partially accessible to people with disabilities as there are braille signage plates, and there is an Internet café, a help desk,[3] and a library.[20]

In 2008, Metro authorities had maintenance work done on Line 5 station's roof.[21] In August 2016, the Government of Mexico City built a bicycle parking station outside La Raza station.[22]

Incidents edit

On 28 September 1995, Ernesto Cruz Jiménez, a Huixquilucan police officer, entered a parked train and shot seven passengers, killing two of them.[23][24] After being arrested, Cruz said he felt depressed. He was sentenced to 50 years in prison.[25][26] After the incident, the Government of Mexico City had walk-through metal detectors installed in the metro system.[24][27]

On 7 January 2023, at 09:16 CST (UTC−6),[28] two trains crashed inside the La Raza–Potrero interstation tunnel killing one person and injuring 106 others.[29] Both trains were going northbound towards Indios Verdes metro station. Service between Indios Verdes and Guerrero metro stations was suspended temporarily.[30]

The station floods during periods of heavy rainfall.[31][32]

Ridership edit

According to the data provided by the authorities since the 2000s, and before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport, commuters averaged between 30,700 and 34,000 on Line 3 daily entrances and between 9,500 and 10,700 daily entrances on Line 5 between 2013 and 2019.

In 2019, the station's ridership totaled 14,942,281 passengers. For Line 3, the ridership was 11,364,171 passengers (31,134 passengers per day), which was a decrease of 397,769 passengers compared to 2018. For Line 5, the station had a ridership of 3,578,110 (9,803 passengers per day), which was a decrease of 46,541 compared to 2018.[33][34]

In 2019, the Line 3 station was the 38th busiest of the system's 195 stations and the line's sixth busiest. The Line 5 station was the 155th busiest in the system and the line's fifth busiest.[33]

Annual passenger ridership (Line 3)
Year Ridership Average daily Rank % change Ref.
2023 9,077,998 24,871 29/195 +2.30% [1]
2022 8,873,704 24,311 26/195 +41.34% [1]
2021 6,278,397 17,201 33/195 −7.90% [35]
2020 6,817,252 18,626 33/195 −40.01% [36]
2019 11,364,171 31,134 38/195 −3.38% [33]
2018 11,761,940 32,224 35/195 −0.50% [34]
2017 11,820,693 32,385 36/195 +5.19% [37]
2016 11,237,304 30,703 43/195 −5.01% [38]
2015 11,830,310 32,411 36/195 −1.20% [39]
2014 11,974,008 32,805 36/195 −3.37% [40]
Annual passenger ridership (Line 5)
Year Ridership Average daily Rank % change Ref.
2023 3,418,439 9,365 124/195 +15.00% [1]
2022 2,972,607 8,144 133/195 +23.14% [1]
2021 2,414,062 6,613 125/195 +8.25% [35]
2020 2,230,054 6,093 146/195 −37.68% [36]
2019 3,578,110 9,803 155/195 −1.28% [33]
2018 3,624,651 9,930 154/195 −0.37% [34]
2017 3,638,243 9,967 152/195 +4.42% [37]
2016 3,484,215 9,519 151/195 −8.53% [38]
2015 3,809,245 10,436 136/195 +2.41% [39]
2014 3,719,585 10,190 139/195 −3.96% [40]

Landmarks edit

El túnel de la ciencia edit

The El túnel de la ciencia Museum (English for "The Tunnel of Science")[41][42] is the longest permanent exposition in the world.[43] Science and astronomy pictures and information are mounted on the walls located inside the transfer tunnel. It was opened on 30 November 1988—the first Latin American scientific exhibition installed in a public transport location.[20] Its purpose is to provide scientific information to passengers. It is aimed at young people since many of them are students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN).[44] The tunnel's area is 6,177 square meters (66,490 sq ft)[45] and features images of the autumn-sky constellations,[44] planets and satellites, the Milky Way,[46] and, in the middle of the tunnel, there is a drawn-to-scale representation of the celestial sphere displaying the 12 zodiac constellations, drawn with luminous paint.[20][47] The exhibition was installed by Universum, UNAM's science museum.[44] It is estimated that 60,000 people visit it with the guided tour service.[20] In 2018, the Institute of Astronomy of the UNAM [es] remodeled the tunnel.[20]

Other exhibitions edit

On 25 November 2008, the Metro authorities installed the 1997 mural Monstruos de fin de milenio (lit. transl. Monsters from the End of the Millennium), which was painted and donated to the metro system by Mexican painter Ariosto Otero Reyes [es].[48]

In June 2015, the Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) of the IPN exhibited multiple human brains, their anatomy, and some injuries they had suffered.[49] In April 2016, the Geology Museum of the UNAM [es] displayed rocks, fossils, minerals, and a shark jaw.[50] In June 2016, the system featured an exhibition of 80 preserved human body parts by the Tominaga Nakamoto University, a display of 50 sculptures by Nour Kuri representing human bodies, and six photographs by Duilio Rodríguez representing pain.[51][52] In May and June 2018, La Raza metro station hosted exhibitions by Manuel de la Cera, Norma Patiño, Teresa Olalde, and the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)'s LibroFest.[53]

From 21 August to 15 October 2018, the Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development (SAGARPA) and the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) displayed an exposition in the tunnel on bees and their ecological importance.[54] In 2020, the station temporarily displayed pictures, landscapes, and sculptures created by Swiss artist H. R. Giger.[55]

Gallery edit

 
In the middle of the tunnel, a representation of the celestial sphere is depicted with luminous paint
 
Monstruos de Fin de Milenio mural by Ariosto Otero Reyes
 
The June 2016 exhibition on the human body displaying the nervous system
 
Síntomas by Duilio Rodríguez
Landmarks and exhibitions at La Raza

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Mexico City Metro system counts the entries from interchange stations separately. When counted individually, 9,077,998 passengers accessed through Line 3, while 3,418,439 passengers did it through Line 5.[1]
  2. ^ Estación del Metro La Raza. Mexican Spanish pronunciation: [la 'ra.sa] ⓘ. The name of the station literally means "La Raza" in Spanish; however its phrasal sense means "the People".[2]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Afluencia de estación por línea 2023" [Station traffic per line 2023] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Why The Term 'La Raza' Has Complicated Roots In The US". Colorado Public Radio. Associated Press. 13 July 2017. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "La Raza" (in Spanish). Sistema de Transporte Colectivo. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  4. ^ Delgado, Diana (4 June 2016). "Informales se instalan otra vez en paradero de La Raza" [Informal workers settling back in La Raza bus terminal]. El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  5. ^ "Metrobús - Ciudad de México: Ficha técnicas" [Metrobús – Mexico City: Data sheet] (in Spanish). Mexico City Metrobús. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  6. ^ "Red de Rutas" [Routes network] (in Spanish). Red de Transporte de Pasajeros. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  7. ^ "Red de corredores" [Route network] (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  8. ^ Velasco, Ángeles (9 October 2021). "Ponen en Marcha estaciones del Mexibús para conectar a Tecámac con Indios Verdes" [Mexibús stations start their service to connect Tecámac to Indios Verdes]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Tecámac. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Línea 3, Ciudad de México" [Line 3, Mexico City] (in Spanish). iNGENET Infraestructura. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  10. ^ a b Transporte: Seis años de esfuerzo conjunto (in Spanish). Vol. I. Government of the Federal District Department. 1987. p. 17.
  11. ^ "La Raza Metro Station (Línea 3) (Mexico City, 1978)". Structurae.net. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  12. ^ Mora, Karla (10 July 2019). "Por mantenimiento, cerrarán 4 estaciones de la Línea 3 del Metro" [4 metro stations on Line 3 will be closed for maintenance]. La Razón (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  13. ^ a b c Gamez Rojas, Marlen (2010). "Análisis de riesgos de incendio en el Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro" [Analysis of fire risks in the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro] (PDF) (in Spanish). Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2020.
  14. ^ "Línea 5, Ciudad de México" [Line 5, Mexico City] (in Spanish). iNGENET Infraestructura. 20 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  15. ^ "La Raza Metro Station (Línea 5) (Mexico City, 1982)". Structurae.net. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Longitud de estación a estación por línea" [Station-to-station length per line] (in Spanish). Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  17. ^ "Transbordos en el Metro ¿una opción para ejercitarte?" [Metro transfers, a workout option?]. Milenio (in Spanish). 12 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  18. ^ Díaz, Omar (22 January 2018). "Conoce los 10 transbordos más largos del Metro" [Check out the 10 longest metro transfers]. Publimetro (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  19. ^ "Estación La Raza del STC Metro" [Mexico City Metro's La Raza Station] (in Spanish). Secretariat of Culture. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  20. ^ a b c d e "UNAM remodelará Museo Túnel de la Ciencia en el Metro de CDMX" [UNAM will remodel the Tunnel of Science Museum in the Mexico City Metro]. Matutino Express (in Spanish). Televisa. 10 November 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  21. ^ "Marzo 28 08" [March 28 08] (PDF). Mexico City Official Journal (in Spanish). 28 March 2008. p. 1. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  22. ^ Pérez Courtade, Luis (5 August 2016). "Inauguran biciestacionamiento en el Metro La Raza" [Bicycle parking inaugurated at La Raza metro station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  23. ^ Notimex (20 September 2019). "Hay tragedias en el Metro que no se olvidan" [There are tragedies in the Metro that are not forgotten]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  24. ^ a b "¡Accidentes y balaceras! Estos son los momentos de pánico que se han vivido en el Metro" [Accidents and shootings! These are the moments of panic that have been experienced in the Metro] (in Spanish). Grupo Fórmula. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  25. ^ "Le dan 50 años" [Sentenced to 50 years] (in Spanish). vLex.com. 28 April 1998. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  26. ^ Nájar, Alberto (10 May 1998). "Todo el Metro" [All about the Metro]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  27. ^ "Metro de la CDMX: cinco tragedias que han ocurrido en sus instalaciones" [Mexico City Metro: five tragedies that have occurred in the facilities] (in Spanish). Uno TV. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
  28. ^ Llano, Fernando (7 January 2023). "Choque de trenes deja un muerto y 57 heridos en México" [Train crash leaves one dead and 57 injuries in Mexico]. Los Angeles Times (in Spanish). Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  29. ^ Ferri, Pablo (8 January 2022). "El Gobierno de Ciudad de México eleva el número de heridos del accidente del metro a 106" [Mexico City government raises number of injured in subway accident to 106]. El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  30. ^ "Fuerte choque de trenes en el Metro de la CDMX dejaría varios heridos de gravedad". Infobae (in Spanish). 7 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  31. ^ "Fotogalería: Se inunda Túnel de la Ciencia en Metro La Raza" [Photogallery: The Tunnel of Science floods in La Raza metro station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  32. ^ Trejo, Yeseline (6 May 2021). "Se inunda metro La Raza por fuertes lluvias" [La Raza station floods due to heavy rains]. Diario AS (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  33. ^ a b c d "Afluencia de estación por línea 2019" [Station traffic per line 2019] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  34. ^ a b c "Afluencia de estación por línea 2018" [Station traffic per line 2018] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  35. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2021" [Station traffic per line 2021] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2022. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  36. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2020" [Station traffic per line 2020] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  37. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2017" [Station traffic per line 2017] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2019. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  38. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2016" [Station traffic per line 2016] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2017. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  39. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2015" [Station traffic per line 2015] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  40. ^ a b "Afluencia de estación por línea 2014" [Station traffic per line 2014] (in Spanish). Sistema Transporte Colectivo Metro. 2015. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  41. ^ Projexity (26 May 2015). "Your Infrastructure Needs a Makeover, Here are 3 ways to make it happen". A Medium Corporation. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  42. ^ Janzen, Rebecca (2015). "Conclusion: Crowds on Mexico City's Subway: The Ultimate Challenge". The National Body in Mexican Literature: Collective Challenges to Biopolitical Control. Meagher. p. 159. doi:10.1057/9781137543011_6. ISBN 978-1-137-54301-1.
  43. ^ Cocking, Lauren (24 May 2017). "A Brief History of the Mexico City Metro". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  44. ^ a b c Notimex (27 December 2015). "En el Metro de México, el museo más visitado del mundo" [Inside Mexico City Metro, the most visited museum in the world]. El Economista (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  45. ^ López, Jonás (30 November 2019). "Cumple 31 años el Túnel de la Ciencia" [The Tunnel of Science turns 31]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  46. ^ "Túnel de la Ciencia en el metro La Raza" [The Tunnel of Science at La Raza metro station]. Dónde Ir (in Spanish). GIN Media. September 2019. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  47. ^ "Things to See in Mexico City". Frommer's. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  48. ^ Notimex (25 November 2008). "Llega a la estación La Raza mural de Ariosto Otero" [Arrives to La Raza station mural of Ariosto Otero]. El Universal. Mexico City. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  49. ^ "Fotogalería: Exhiben cerebros en Metro La Raza" [Photo Gallery: Brains on display at La Raza metro station]. Excélsior (in Spanish). Mexico City. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 29 December 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  50. ^ Ahumada, Dulce (11 April 2016). "Fósiles y dinosaurios llegan al Metro La Raza" [Fossils and dinosaurs arrive to La Raza metro station] (in Spanish). máspormás. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  51. ^ Notimex (10 June 2016). "En el Metro La Raza, una muestra de partes humanas" [At La Raza station, a sampling of human parts]. El Economista (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  52. ^ Tijerino, René (23 June 2016). "La exposición Transbordo, en la estación La Raza. Iniciativa del Palacio de la Escuela de Medicina" [The Transbordo exhibition, at La Raza station. Medical School Palace initiative]. Gaceta UNAM (in Spanish) (4795). National Autonomous University of Mexico: 18. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  53. ^ "El Metro La Raza escenario para cuatro exposiciones del LibroFest Metropolitano 2018" [La Raza metro station stage for four exhibitions of the Metropolitan BookFest 2018] (in Spanish). Radio Expresión México. 19 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  54. ^ "Abejas en el Metro La Raza" [Bees at La Raza metro station] (in Spanish). Federal government of Mexico. 21 August 2018. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  55. ^ Notimex (25 January 2020). "Exponen obras de H. R. Giger en el Metro La Raza" [H. R. Giger's works on display at La Raza metro station]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Archived from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.

External links edit

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