Wikipedia

Chennai Metro

(Redirected from CMRL)
For the elevated railway line, see Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System.

The Chennai Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, India. Operated by Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) – a joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu, the network consists of two lines and spans 54.1 km (33.6 mi). The system uses standard gauge and has 41 underground and elevated stations.

Chennai Metro
A metro train at Guindy station on the Blue Line
A metro train at Guindy station on the Blue Line
Overview
Native nameசென்னை மாநகரத் தொடரி
OwnerChennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)
LocaleChennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Transit typeRapid Transit
Number of lines2 (operational)
3 (under construction)
Line numberOperational
Number of stations41
Daily ridership0.25 million (2023)[1]
Annual ridership70.7 million (2022-23)[1]
HeadquartersMetroS, Anna Salai, Nandanam, Chennai–600035
Websitechennaimetrorail.org
Operation
Began operation29 June 2015; 9 years ago (2015-06-29)
Operator(s)Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)
Number of vehicles52
Train length100 m (330 ft)
Headway6–12 minutes
Technical
System length54.1 km (33.6 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC Catenary[2]
Top speed120 km/h (75 mph)

Planning for the metro started in 2007-08 with construction commencing in February 2009. After testing in 2014, the first segment of the metro between the Alandur and Koyambedu stations on the green line began operations on 29 June 2015. On 21 September 2016, operations on the blue line commenced between Chennai Airport and Little Mount. The underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of blue line opened on 10 February 2019, completing phase 1 of the metro.

Three more lines covering a length of 118.9 km (73.9 mi) are under construction as part of the second phase. The Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System, operated by Indian Railways, is planned to be incorporated into the Chennai Metro. A light rail has been proposed to connect Tambaram of the Chennai suburban rail network with Velachery on the MRTS. Further extensions are also planned for the three lines under construction.

Background

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A single electrified line from Chennai Beach to Tambaram began operations in 1931 as part of the Chennai Suburban Railway. Two other rail lines were subsequently built connecting Chennai Central to Gummidipoondi and Tiruvallur in 1979.[3][4] In 1965, the Planning Commission evaluated the capacity of the transportation network in major metropolitan cities including Madras, and developed plans for further expansion of transportation amenities.[5][6] As a result, an initial stretch of the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) between Chennai Beach and Chepauk opened in 1995 – the first elevated rail line in India. The MRTS later extended to Thirumayilai in 1997, to Thiruvanmiyur in 2004, and to Velachery in 2007.[7][8][9] In 2006, a modern metro rail system for Chennai was planned and would be modeled after the Delhi Metro.[10][11]

Planning and construction

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Phase I

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The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was tasked to prepare a project report on the implementation of metro system in Chennai.[11] The Government of Tamil Nadu approved the first phase of the project in November 2007.[12] The first phase was planned with two lines covering 45.1 km (28.0 mi) with 25 km (16 mi) being underground. The first corridor would connect Washermanpet with Chennai International Airport extending for 23.1 km (14.4 mi) with 14.3 km (8.9 mi) being underground and the second corridor would connect St.Thomas Mount with Chennai Central extending for 22 km (14 mi) with 9.7 km (6.0 mi) being underground.[11] In December 2007, the Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) was established as a joint venture between the Governments of India and Tamil Nadu to execute the project.[12] The Planning commission gave in-principle approval for the project in April 2008 with the final approval by the Union Cabinet of Government of India in January 2009.[13][12]

In February 2009, a ₹1.99 billion (US$24 million) contract was awarded for the construction of a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar and construction started on 10 June.[14][15] In March 2009, a US$30 million contract was awarded to a consortium of five companies headed by French company Egis for technical consultancy on the project.[16] In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to Alstom for US$243 million.[17][18] In January 2011, a joint venture between Larsen and Toubro (L&T) and Alstom was awarded the contract for design and construction of track works and a depot at Koyambedu for ₹4.49 billion (US$54 million).[19][20]

Contracts for the construction of underground sections of the first phase were awarded to Gammon India and Mosmetrostroy in February 2011.[21][22] Subsequently in June, tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase were awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium.[23][24] The contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.[25] The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to Siemens for ₹3.05 billion (US$37 million) and contracts for automatic fare collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, Emirates Trading Agency and Voltas respectively.[26][27][28]

In July 2012, the first tunnel boring machine was launched and by October that year, eleven machines were commissioned to bore tunnels by three consortia – Afcons-Transtonnelstroy, L&T and SUCG.[29] On 6 November 2013, a test run was conducted along a stretch of 1 km (0.62 mi) track.[30] The project faced several delays and missed deadlines due to problems with land acquisition and cancellation of construction contracts.[31][32]

On 14 February 2014, the maiden trial run was conducted between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stations.[33][34] The metro received the statutory speed certification clearance from the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in August that year.[35][36] In January 2015, a report was submitted to the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) for mandatory safety approvals.[37] After inspecting the infrastructure, the CMRS submitted the report to the Railway Board in April 2015.[38][39][40]

Operations on the green line between the Alandur and Koyambedu stations commenced on 29 June 2015.[41] The blue line segment from the Airport and Little Mount stations commenced operations on 21 September 2016.[42] The first underground section between Thirumangalam to Nehru Park on the green line opened on 14 May 2017,[43] and the extension to Chennai central was completed on 25 May 2018 along with the section from the Saidapet and AG-DMS stations on the blue line.[44] On 10 February 2019, the underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of blue line was opened, marking the completion of the first phase of the metro.[45]

Phase 1 Extension

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A 9 km (5.6 mi) northern extension of the blue line was announced in 2014 by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The extension would run from Washermanpet to Wimco Nagar and consist of nine stations.[46][47][48] Construction started in July 2016 with trial runs in December 2020.[49][50] The line opened for passenger traffic on 14 February 2021, increasing the length of the operational metro system to 54.1 km (33.62 mi).[51]

Chennai Metro - Phase I
Line Name Terminals Stations Status
Green Line Koyambedu Alandur 7 29 June 2015
Alandur St. Thomas Mount 1 14 October 2016
Koyambedu Nehru Park 7 15 May 2017
Nehru Park Central 2 25 May 2018
Blue Line Chennai Airport Little Mount 6 21 September 2016
Little Mount AG–DMS 4 25 May 2018
AG–DMS Washermanpet 7 10 February 2019
Washermanpet Wimco Nagar 8 14 February 2021
Wimco Nagar Wimco Nagar Depot 1 13 March 2022
41[a]

Phase II

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In July 2016, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced that the second phase would have three lines spanning 104 km (65 mi) with 104 stations.[52][53] Two corridors would extend from Madhavaram Milk Colony connecting with Siruseri SIPCOT and Sholinganallur respectively with the third corridor connecting Koyambedu with Lighthouse on the Marina beach. In July 2017, the state government announced an extension of Phase II, involving a section from Lighthouse up to Poonamallee with an intersection with the Madhavaram–Sholinganallur line at Alwarthirunagar. The second phase would span 118.9 km (73.9 mi) with 128 stations.[51][54] The stations for the second phase were designed to be smaller than the stations of the first phase to reduce the cost and time of construction.[55] In 2019, the Madras High Court questioned the state government on the construction method of the tunnels and its impact on the water bodies.[56]

On 20 November 2020, foundation stone for the second phase was laid and construction commenced.[57] In May 2021, the CMRL awarded contracts to Tata Group, L&T and HCC-KEC for the construction of various sections of the second phase.[58] In November 2022, Alstom was awarded a contract to supply rolling stock for the second phase. The contract included a provision for the supply of 78 train sets including 36 driver-less trains.[59][60] In December 2022, a contract for the installation of tracks was given to KEC–VNC and Hitachi bagged the contract for the installation of signalling systems.[61][62] In January 2023, Rail Vikas Nigam Limited was awarded a contract for the constructions of underground stations and Linxon was given the contract for the installation of electric traction.[63][64]

In May 2023, the CMRL announced minor changes to the alignment of the lines and that nine stations would be scrapped in the revised plan.[65] Hence, the total length of the second phase was reduced to 116.1 km (72.1 mi).[66]

Chennai Metro - Phase II[67]
Line Name Terminals Length (km) Stations Status
Purple Line Madhavaram Milk Colony Siruseri SIPCOT 45.4 47 Under construction
Orange Line Poonamallee Bypass Lighthouse 26.1 27
Red Line Madhavaram Milk Colony Sholinganallur 44.6 45
Total 116.1 113[b]

In May 2023, L&T was contracted for the installation of overhead equipment and control and monitoring systems.[68] In October 2023, Tata Projects was awarded the contract to construct select stations.[69] In December 2023, the CMRL awarded a contract to ST Engineering for the installation of platform screen doors in the elevated stations of the second phase.[70] In the same month, Shellinfo was awarded a contract ₹42 crore (US$5.0 million) for the installation of automated fare collection systems.[71] In March 2024, the CMRL invited new bids for the supply of 96 train-sets for the second phase.[72] As of May 2024, about 20 km (12 mi) of the second phase had been completed.[73]

Future plans

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In 2017, the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) system was proposed to be merged and taken over by Chennai Metro.[74] The MRTS will be handed over to the CMRL by the Southern Railway once the under construction expansion of the MRTS is complete and the entire system will be upgraded including tracks, security, ticketing system and rolling stock.[75] In July 2018, PwC said that the merger would be expensive costing around ₹30 billion (US$360 million) to change the train-sets and establish other facilities post the merger.[76] On 11 May 2022, Southern Railway of the Indian Railways granted in-principle approval for the Chennai Metro to takeover the MRTS.[77]

In 2020, a light rail was proposed to connect Tambaram in the existing suburban rail network with Velachery, part of the MRTS network.[78] This is planned to link the existing different urban transit lines in the city.[79][80] In 2021, the CMRL proposed an extension to the first phase to connect the airport with Kilambakkam.[81] In 2022, the state government proposed a revised extension plan spanning 93 km (58 mi) for the three under construction lines of the second phase.[82] In February 2023, feasibility study for the metrolite project was commissioned by the Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA).[79] Between late 2023 and early 2024, feasibility reports submitted by the CMRL suggested going ahead with two of the three planned extensions spanning 59.7 km (37.1 mi).[83][84][85] In March 2024, a study was commissioned to re-assess the feasibility of establishing a new corridor connecting Tambaram with Velachery with extension to Guindy.[86]

Line Terminals Length Stations Status Reference
Blue Line Chennai Airport Kilambakkam 15.3 km (9.5 mi) 12 DPR prepared [87][88]
Red Line Koyambedu Avadi 16.1 km (10.0 mi) 15 DPR to be prepared [82][83][89]
Orange Line Poonamallee Parandur 43.6 km (27.1 mi) 19 [82][84][90]
Purple Line Siruseri Kilambakkam 25 km (16 mi) TBD DFR submitted; Proposal dropped [83][85]
Metrolite/Metro Tambaram Velachery 20 km (12 mi) TBD DFR to be re-assessed and prepared [78][86]
Velachery Guindy 3 km (1.9 mi)
TBD Madhavaram Ennore 16 km (9.9 mi) TBD Feasibility to be studied [91][92]

Third phase of the Chennai Metro has also been planned as a part of the Chennai Comprehensive Mobility Plan.[93] In 2023, the CMRL proposed the development of Central Square around its headquarters with commercial complexes and multi-storied buildings.[94] The CMRL is involved in the feasibility studies for the development of metro rail transport in the cities of Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli.[95]

Network

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The commercial operations of Chennai Metro started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations on the green line on 29 June 2015 with further expansions in 2017 and 2018 to connect Chennai airport with Chennai central.[51] In September 2016, operations on the blue line commenced between Chennai Airport and Little Mount; the line was extended to AG-DMS in May 2018, and the line was further extended to Washermanpet in February 2019. The northern extension of the blue line running from Washermanpet to Wimco Nagar was opened for passenger traffic on 14 February 2021.[96] As of March 2024, the operational network consists of two colour-coded lines covering a length of 54.1 km (33.6 mi).[51]

Operational lines of Chennai Metro[97][51]
Line Terminal Operational Length (km) Stations
Blue Line Wimco Nagar Depot Chennai Airport 21 September 2016 32.1 26
Green Line Central St. Thomas Mount 29 June 2015 22 17
Total 54.1 41[a]

Financing

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The estimated base cost of the first phase was ₹146 billion (US$1.7 billion) of which 59% was loaned by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The Government of India contributed 15% of the cost with the Government of Tamil Nadu financed the remaining 21% of the project.[11] The first phase expansion costed ₹37.7 billion (US$450 million) of which 57% was loaned by Japan. The second phase is estimated to cost ₹63.25 billion (US$760 million) of which initially ₹47.1 billion (US$560 million) was loaned by JICA.[51][98][99]

On 14 February 2021, Prime Minister of India announced that the government has set aside ₹630 billion (US$7.5 billion) for the construction of the second phase and its further extension.[100] The expansion of the blue line from the airport to Kilambakkam is estimated to cost ₹46.25 billion (US$550 million).[101] The proposed extension of second phase lines from Poonamallee to Parandur, Koyambedu to Avadi and Siruseri to Kilambakkam will cost ₹107.12 billion (US$1.3 billion), ₹67.36 billion (US$810 million) and ₹54.58 billion (US$650 million) respectively.[83][84]

Infrastructure

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Chennai Metro runs on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge and the lines are double-tracked.[102] The average speed of operation is 85 km/h (53 mph) and maximum speed is 120 km/h (75 mph).[103]

Rolling stock

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Chennai metro coaches are manufactured by Alstom

Alstom supplies the rolling stock for the Chennai Metro.[104] The first nine train sets were imported from Brazil and the rest were manufactured at a new facility set up near Chennai.[105][106] For the first phase, Alstom supplied 520 train-sets composed of four coaches each with each car measuring 300 m (980 ft) in length.[107] The trains are air-conditioned with electrically operated automated sliding doors and have a first class compartment with a dedicated section reserved for women.[108]

The trains operate on 25 kV AC traction catenary system with a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph).[109] The trains are connected to the grid via overhead electric cables and are equipped with regenerative braking with a capacity to recover 30–35% of the energy during braking.[110] The metro consumes an average of 70 MW of power daily and the electricity is supplied by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[111] Chennai Metro also uses solar power with an installed capacity of 6.4 MWp, which contributes to about 12-15% of the energy requirement of the metro.[112]

Stations

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See also: List of Chennai metro stations
 
Full-height enclosed platform screen doors installed in Chennai Metro's underground stations

A total of 40 stations are operational along the two lines of the Phase 1 with 22 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every 250 m (820 ft) for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.[113] The underground stations have an average width of 200 m (660 ft) and average depth of 6.1 m (20 ft) from the ground level.[114] The length of the stations in Phase 1 extension is 180 m (590 ft).[115][116]

The elevated stations have three levels with the concourse level at a minimum height of 5.5 m (18 ft) above the ground level and platform level above the concourse while the underground stations have two levels with platform screen doors.[117] The stations are air-conditioned and are equipped to be disabled and elderly friendly, with automated fare collection, public announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts.[118] Paid parking facilities are available for two wheelers in most stations and four wheelers in select stations.[119]

Depots

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Chennai Metro maintains a major depot at Koyambedu covering an area of 26 ha (64 acres) which houses maintenance workshops, stabling lines, test tracks and a washing plant for the trains.[120][121] In 2022, an elevated depot at Wimco Nagar, covering an area of 3.5 ha (8.6 acres), commenced operations with facilities for inspection, emergency repair, and a washing plant.[122] A new depot is planned at Madhavaram as a part of the second phase.[123]

Operations

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As of 2022, the metro operates trains from 5 AM to 11 PM with an average frequency of one train every 6 minutes in peak hours and every 12 minutes in lean hours in the blue line and one train every 12 minutes in peak hours and every 18 minutes in lean hours in the green line.[124][125] The main operational control center (OCC) is located in Koyambedu where the movement of trains and real-time CCTV footage obtained is monitored.[126] In 2022-23, the average daily ridership was 0.25 million.[1]

Fare and ticketing

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Interior of Chennai Metro coaches

The minimum fare is ₹10 and the maximum fare is ₹50.[127][128]

There are six types of tickets issued by CMRL for travel in Chennai Metro.[129]

  • Single journey tokens, which need to be purchased each time for every journey at the ticket counter or in ticket vending machines available at all stations.
  • Stored value cards (SVC) are pre-paid, rechargeable, travel cards that can be purchased at any ticket counter against a refundable deposit, can be recharged up to at any ticket counter or in automated ticket vending machines at stations and offers discounted fares.
  • Trip cards are for applicable for travel between the same two stations and are available in varied combinations and validity with discounted fares.
  • Tourist cards provide the cardholders unlimited rides on the Chennai Metro system for one day.
  • QR Tickets for single and return journey tickets can be bought through the CMRL mobile app with QR code ticket scanners at stations.[130]
  • National Common Mobility Card, also branded as Singara Chennai card, a co-branded card launched in 2023 in association with State Bank of India which can be used to access all major other metro and select bus transport systems in India.

Chennai Metro is the second most expensive in terms of ticket cost per kilometer in the country after Mumbai Metro. The fares were temporarily slashed by up to ₹20 by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in February 2021 with the maximum fare capped at ₹40.[131]

Accidents and incidents

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In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near Pachaiyappa's College.[132] On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a metro rail site between Alandur and St Thomas Mount.[132] On 11 January 2014, a crane toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring one other worker at the construction site of Saidapet station.[133] On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old man was killed on the spot and another motorcyclist injured when an iron rod fell on them at an under construction metro rail station near Officers Training Academy at St. Thomas Mount.[134]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Two inter-change stations are shared by the lines
  2. ^ Six inter-connecting stations shared by the lines. Also includes six existing stations as part of the currently operational lines

References

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