The Punjab States Agency was an agency of the British Raj. The agency was created in 1921, on the model of the Central India Agency and Rajputana Agency, and dealt with forty princely states in northwest India formerly dealt with by the Province of Punjab.[1][2][3]
| Punjab States Agency | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| British Residency | |||||||||||||
| 1921–1947 | |||||||||||||
 Coat of arms
| |||||||||||||
 Map of the British Punjab in 1909. | |||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
• 1921 | 86,430 km2 (33,370 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||
• 1921 | 465,493 | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | New Imperialism | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1921 | ||||||||||||
| 1947 | |||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Today part of | Punjab, Pakistan Punjab, India | ||||||||||||
After 1947, all of the states chose to accede to the Dominion of India, except Bahawalpur, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan.
History
editThe princely states had come under the suzerainty of the British crown after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16 and went on to be known as the Punjab Native States and the Simla Hill States. They later came into direct diplomatic relations with the British province of Punjab, with the exception of Tehri Garhwal State, which had a connection instead with the United Provinces.[4]
The Punjab States Agency was established in 1921 out of the previous Punjab Native States, which had received advice from the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab Province, and the Simla Hill States, advised by the Deputy Commissioner of Simla district.[5] The agency was created under the direct authority of the Governor General of India, with its headquarters in Shimla.[6]
After Indian Independence in 1947, the states all acceded to the new Dominion of India, most of them later becoming part of the new state of Himachal Pradesh, with Tehri Garhwal State becoming part of Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, the northern portion of Uttar Pradesh, including the former state of Tehri-Garhwal, became the new state of Uttarakhand.
Princely states
editPunjab States Agency
editSalute states, by precedence :
- Patiala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (19-guns local)
- Bahawalpur (now in Pakistan), title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (later promoted to 21 guns by the Pakistani president)
- Jind, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
- Kapurthala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns personal and local)
- Nabha, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13-guns (15-guns local)
- Kaithal, title Bhai ( Maharaja) Hereditary salute 13-guns (15-guns local)
- Bilaspur (Kahlur), title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Chamba, title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Faridkot, title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Maler Kotla (Malerkotla), title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Mandi, title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Sirmur (Nahan), title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Suket (Sundarnagar), title Raja, Hereditary salute of 11-guns
- Loharu, title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 9-guns
Non-salute states, alphabetically :
Annexed States:[8]
- Bahadurgarh, title Nawab, annexed 1857[7]
- Ballabgarh, title Raja, annexed 1857
- Farrukhnagar, title Nawab, annexed 1857[9][10]
- Jhajjar, title Nawab, annexed 1857[7]
Jagirs
edit- Kunjpura, title Nawab[10]
- Arnauli, title Bhai[10]
- Karnal, title Nawab[10]
- Shantiabad, title Sardar[10]
- Dhanaura, title Sardar[10]
- Tangaur, title Sardar[10]
- Jharauli, title Sardar[10]
- Shamgarh, title Sardar[10]
- Panipat, title Nawab[10]
- Shahzadapur, title Sardar[10]
- Mustafabad, title Sardar[10]
- Gogripur, title Chaudhary[10]
Historical princely states of the Punjab Hills
editSimla Hill States Superintendency of the Punjab States Agency
editNon-salute states, alphabetically:
Dynasties by State
editThe following are the dynasties of respective states of the Punjab Agency:
Salute states, by precedence:
- Patiala - Sidhu (Phulkian Dynasty)[11]
- Bahawalpur - Daudpotra Abbasi[11]
- Jind - Sidhu (Phulkian Dynasty)[11]
- Kapurthala - Kalal [11]
- Nabha - Sidhu (Phulkian Dynasty)[11]
- Bilaspur (Kahlur) - Agrok Rajput[11]
- Chamba - Agrok Rajput[11]
- Faridkot - Brar (Phulkian Dynasty)[11]
- Maler Kotla (Malerkotla) - Sherwani Pathan[11]
- Mandi - Chandravansi Rajput (Lunar Race)[11]
- Sirmur (Nahan) - Jadu Bhati Rajput[11]
- Suket - Chandravansi Rajput (Lunar Race)[11]
- Loharu - Pathan[11]
Non-salute states, alphabetically :
Annexed States:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ David P. Henige (2004). Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers. Orchid Press. ISBN 978-974-524-049-0.
- ^ Princely States of India
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ V. Verma, The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments, pp. 41-42
- ^ John Hutchison and JP Vogel, History of Punjab Hill states; Lahore 1933
- ^ Ramesh Chandra Bisht, International Encyclopaedia Of Himalayas, Vol. 3, p. 104
- ^ a b c d e f Gazetteer of the Rohtak District. 1883–1884. p. 22.
- ^ experts, Arihant (2018). Know your state Haryana. Arihant Publication India Limited. ISBN 978-9350947890.
- ^ Sharma, Suresh. Haryana: Past and Present. p. 110.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Revolt of 1857 and muslims in Haryana" (PDF). Shodhganga: 114.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lethbridge, Sir Roper (1893). The Golden Handbook of India. p. 412.
- ^ Griffin, Sir Lepel H (1865). The Punjab Chiefs. p. 56.