List of the oldest buildings in California

This article lists the oldest extant buildings in California, including extant buildings and structures constructed during Spanish, Mexican, and early American rule over California. Only buildings built prior to 1850 are suitable for inclusion on this list, or the building must be the oldest of its type.

In order to qualify for the list, a structure must:

  • be a recognizable building (defined as any human-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy);
  • incorporate features of building work from the claimed date to at least 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height and/or be a listed building.

This consciously excludes ruins of limited height, roads and statues. Bridges may be included if they otherwise fulfill the above criteria. Dates for many of the oldest structures have been arrived at by radiocarbon dating and should be considered approximate. If the exact year of initial construction is estimated, it will be shown as a range of dates.

18th century edit

Building Image Location First built Use Notes
Plaza de Los Ángeles   Los Angeles 1781 Plaza Oldest plaza in California.[1]
Serra Chapel   San Juan Capistrano 1782 Church Part of Mission San Juan Capistrano. Oldest extant building in California.[2]
El Cuartel   Santa Barbara 1782 Barracks Part of the Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara. Second oldest extant building in California.
Cañedo Adobe   Santa Barbara 1782 Barracks Part of the Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara. Third oldest extant building in California.
Ruins of Santa Margarita de Cortona Asistencia   Santa Margarita 1787 Church Significant portions of the asistencia walls and foundations have been preserved within a large barn owned by Santa Margarita Ranch.[3][4][5]
Catalan Forges   San Juan Capistrano 1790s Bloomery Part of Mission San Juan Capistrano. Oldest extant metalworking structures in California.[6]
Pablo Pryor Adobe San Juan Capistrano 1790 Residence Also known as the Hide House. Presumed to be the oldest extant residence in California. Private residence.[7][8]
Mission San Francisco de Asís   San Francisco 1791 Church Oldest building in City of San Francisco. The original chapel, built in 1771, was rebuilt out of adobe from 1782 to 1791.
Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo   Monterey 1791-94 Cathedral Part of the Presidio of Monterey. Oldest stone building in California and the second oldest extant cathedral in the United States.
Plaza Hotel   San Juan Bautista 1792 Dormitory Served as a dormitory, barrack, private residence, and a hotel. A timber second story was added in the late 1850s.[9]
Old Adobe Woman's Club   Santa Clara 1792–1800 Residence [10][11]
Ortega-Vigare Adobe San Gabriel 1792–1805 Residence [12]
Blas Aguilar Adobe   San Juan Capistrano 1794 Residence Also known as the Casa de Esperanza.[13]
Montanez Adobe   San Juan Capistrano 1794 Residence [14]
Rios Adobe   San Juan Capistrano 1794 Residence [15]
Mission San Diego de Alcalá   San Diego 1795 Church First Spanish mission in Alta California. The original mission burned down in 1775 and was reconstructed out of adobe from 1776 to 1795.[16]
Branciforte Adobe   Santa Cruz 1797 Residence The only remaining residence of the Villa de Branciforte.[17]
El Adobe de Capistrano   San Juan Capistrano 1797 Residence The northern portion of the building was built in 1797. A southern extension was added in 1818.[18]
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo   Carmel 1797 Church The original adobe mission, built in 1771, was rebuilt with quarried stone in 1797.[19]
Luís María Peralta Adobe   San José 1797 Residence Oldest building in City of San José.[20]
Plaza de César Chávez   San José 1797 Plaza Oldest plaza in Northern California.
Orella Adobes near Goleta 1798–1841 Residence [21]

19th century edit

Building Image Location First built Use Notes
Ruins of Mission La Purisima   Lompoc 1802 Mission The original mission was destroyed during the 1812 Ventura earthquake. Only two 7 ft (2.1 m)-high wall fragments and building foundations remains.[22]
Old Mission Dam   San Diego 1803 Dam First major irrigation project in California.[23]
Mission San Gabriel Arcángel   San Gabriel 1805 Church The original mission was destroyed by a flood and abandoned in 1776.[24] The church of the present mission dates to 1805.[25]
Great Stone Church   San Juan Capistrano 1806 Church Part of Mission San Juan Capistrano. It was the only mission church incorporating six vaulted domes in its roof structure.[26]
Casa de Rancho San Antonio   Bell Gardens 1810 Residence Oldest building in Los Angeles County. Private residence.[27][28]
Ruins of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad   Soledad 1810 Mission The mission quadrangle was completed in 1810.[29] A faithful reconstruction of the mission adjacent to the ruins was completed in 1955.
San Antonio de Pala Asistencia   Pala 1810 Church The mission church dates to 1810.[30]
Simi Adobe   Simi Valley 1810 Residence [31]
Mission San Buenaventura   Ventura 1812 Church The original church burned down in 1793 and was rebuilt out of adobe in 1812.[32]
Mission San Antonio de Padua   near Jolon 1813 Church The original church was rebuilt three times between 1775 and 1813.[33]
Mission San Juan Bautista   San Juan Bautista 1813 Church The original adobe church was rebuilt and completed in 1813.[34]
Mission San Luis Rey de Francia   Oceanside 1815 Mission The original church, built in 1798, was rebuilt out of adobe and completed in 1815.[35]
El Molino Viejo   San Marino 1816 Gristmill Oldest mill and commercial building in Southern California.[36][37]
Covarrubias Adobe   Santa Barbara 1817 Residence [38]
Mission Santa Inés   Solvang 1817 Mission The original mission was severely damaged during the 1812 Ventura earthquake. It was reconstructed with a larger church and rededicated in 1817.[39]
Diego Sepúlveda Adobe   Costa Mesa 1817–23 Residence Part of an estancia for Mission San Juan Capistrano.[40]
Ávila Adobe   Los Angeles 1818 Residence Oldest building in the City of Los Angeles.
Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa   San Luis Obispo 1818 Mission The present mission buildings were gradually rebuilt out of adobe and completed in 1818.[41]
Plaza de las Armas   San Diego 1820s Plaza [42][43]
Mission Santa Barbara   Santa Barbara 1820 Mission The mission was rebuilt four times between 1786 and 1820.[44]
Casa de Carrillo San Diego 1821 Residence Oldest residence in San Diego.[45]
Mission San Miguel Arcángel   San Miguel 1821 Church The original church burned down in 1806 and was rebuilt out of adobe from 1816 to 1821.[46]
Convento Building   Los Angeles 1822 Convent The adobe convent is the only original building left of Mission San Fernando Rey de España.[47]
Neary-Rodriguez Adobe   Santa Cruz 1822–24 Dormitory The adobe dormitory for Native American residents is the only original building left of Mission Santa Cruz.[48]
Cooper-Molera Adobe   Monterey 1823 Residence [49]
Mission La Purísima Concepción   Lompoc 1823 Mission The original mission was destroyed during the 1812 Ventura earthquake. The present mission was completed within 10 years of being rededicated in 1813.[50]
Rancho Santa Maria de Los Peñasquitos   San Diego 1823 Residence [51]
Rafael Gonzalez House   Santa Barbara 1825 Residence [52]
Hill–Carrillo Adobe   Santa Barbara 1825–26 Residence [53]
Dominguez Rancho Adobe   Compton 1826 Residence [54]
Casa de Estudillo   San Diego 1827 Residence [55]
Old Monterey Custom House   Monterey 1827 Custom house Oldest government building in California. Served as the only port of entry to Alta California.
Casa de Bandini   San Diego 1827–29 Residence The adobe first floor was built between 1827 and 1829. The building was later expanded during the 1840s and 1870s.[56]
Casa de la Guerra   Santa Barbara 1828 Residence [57]
Mission Santa Clara de Asís   Santa Clara 1828 Mission The mission was relocated and rebuilt several times between 1777 and 1828.[58]
Catalina Verdugo Adobe   Glendale 1828–30s Residence The estimated date of construction ranges from 1828 to the 1830s.[59][60]
House of the Four Winds   Monterey 1830s Residence [61]
Los Feliz Adobe   Los Angeles 1830s Residence The adobe residence serves as the headquarters for Griffith Park.[62]
Juan de Anza House   San Juan Bautista 1830 Residence [63]
Saint Francis of Assisi Chapel   Warner Springs 1830 Church [citation needed]
Governor Alvarado House   Monterey 1831 Residence [64]
Plaza de Yerba Buena   San Francisco 1833 Plaza [65][66]
Rómulo Pico Adobe   Los Angeles 1834 Residence Also known as the Andrés Pico Adobe.[67][68]
Camilo Ynitia Adobe   Novato 1834 Residence The ruins of the residence are located within a wood shingle shelter.[69]
Centinela Adobe   Inglewood 1834 Residence Oldest building in the City of Inglewood.[70]
Sherman Quarters   Monterey 1834 Residence Built as a private residence in 1834. Briefly served as the quarters of Lieutenant William T. Sherman following the Conquest of California in 1847.[71]
La Casa de Lopez San Diego 1835 Residence [72]
La Casa de Machado y Stewart   San Diego 1835 Residence [73]
Larkin House   Monterey 1835 Residence [74]
Ríos-Caledonia Adobe   San Miguel 1835 Residence [75]
Salvio Pacheco Adobe   Concord 1835 Residence [76]
Sonoma Plaza   Sonoma 1835 Plaza [77]
Rancho Petaluma Adobe   Petaluma 1835–57 Residence Largest building constructed during Mexican rule in California. Part of the Presidio of Sonoma.
Blue Wing Inn   Sonoma 1836 Residence Constructed as a private residence in 1836. The property was expanded into a hotel and saloon in 1848.[78][79]
Roberto-Suñol Adobe   San José 1836 Residence [80]
Robert Louis Stevenson House   Monterey 1836 Residence [81]
Rotchev House   near Jenner 1836 Residence Part of Fort Ross, the only Russian colonial settlement in California.[82]
Salvador Vallejo Adobe Sonoma 1836–46 Residence [83]
Dana Adobe   Nipomo 1837 Residence [84]
La Casa Primera de Rancho San Jose   Pomona 1837 Residence [85][86]
Jose Maria Alviso Adobe   Milpitas 1837 Residence [87]
Olivas Adobe   Ventura 1837 Residence The original adobe was enlarged in 1849.[88]
Sonoma Barracks   Sonoma 1837–41 Barracks Part of the Presidio of Sonoma.[89]
José Castro House   San Juan Bautista 1838–41 Residence [90][91]
Hugo Reid Adobe   Arcadia 1839 Residence [92]
Berryessa Adobe Santa Clara 1840s Residence [93]
Casa Soberanes   Monterey 1840s Residence [94][95]
La Casa de Machado y Silvas   San Diego 1840s Residence [96]
La Casa Alvarado   Pomona 1840 Residence [97]
Los Alamos Ranch House   Los Alamos 1840 Residence [98]
Moraga Adobe   Orinda 1841 Residence Oldest residence in Contra Costa County.[99]
Vallejo's Chapel   Sonoma 1841 Mission Part of Mission San Francisco Solano. The original wooden chapel, built in 1824, was rebuilt out of adobe in 1841.[100]
Sutter's Fort   Sacramento 1841–43 Fort First European colonial settlement in the Central Valley.[101]
Peña Adobe   Vacaville 1842 Residence [102]
Yucaipa Adobe   Yucaipa 1842 Residence [103]
Casa Dolores   Santa Barbara 1843 Residence Oldest extant two-story adobe in the City of Santa Barbara.[104]
Richardson Adobe   near Soledad 1843 Residence [105]
Casa Gutiérrez Adobe   Monterey 1844 Residence [106]
Leonis Adobe   Calabasas 1844 Residence [107]
Los Cerritos Ranch House   Long Beach 1844 Residence [108]
Warner's Ranch   Warner Springs 1844–46 Residence [109]
Jose Eusebio Boronda Adobe   Salinas 1844–48 Residence [110]
Casa del Oro   Monterey 1845 General store Also known as the Joseph Boston Store.[111][112]
Cayetano Juarez Adobe   Napa 1845 Residence [113][114]
Moreno Adobe Jurupa Valley 1845 Residence Oldest extant structure in Riverside County. Located within Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve.[115]
Adobe Flores   South Pasadena 1846 Residence [116]
Bale Grist Mill   Napa 1846 Gristmill One of only two extant water-driven mills in the western United States.[117]
Sánchez Adobe   Pacifica 1846 Residence A two-story adobe believed to have been partially constructed using bricks from the nonextant San Pedro y San Pablo Asistencia.[118]
California's First Theatre   Monterey 1846–47 Theatre Oldest theatre in California. Built as a tavern in 1846–47. Converted to a theatre in 1850.
First Brick House   Monterey 1847 Residence First brick building constructed in California.[119]
Nash-Patton Adobe Sonoma 1847 Residence [120][121]
Officers’ Club   San Francisco 1847 Officers' club Adobe walls dating to the construction of the Presideo in the 1790s were incorporated into the front wings of the building.[122]
Pacific House   Monterey 1847 Storehouse Weapons storehouse built by the US Army following the Conquest of California.[123] This building is a California Historical Landmark (#354).[124]
Old Whaling Station   Monterey 1847 Residence Built as a residence in 1847. Converted to the headquarters of the Monterey Whaling Company in 1855.[125]
Colton Hall   Monterey 1847–49 Government First seat of government of the U.S. state of California.[126]
Jose Joaquin Castro Adobe   Watsonville 1848–49 Residence Only two-story hacienda ever built in Santa Cruz County.[127]
Vicente Martínez Adobe   near Martinez 1849 Residence [128]
Los Encinos De La Osa Adobe   Los Angeles 1849–50 Residence [129]
Chapel of the Immaculate Conception   San Diego 1850 Residence Also known as the Old Adobe Church. Dedicated as a parish church in 1856.
Reyes Adobe   Agoura Hills 1850 Residence [130]
Union Square   San Francisco 1850 Plaza [131]
William Heath Davis House   San Diego 1850 Residence Also known as the Davis-Horton House.[132]
Benicia Capitol   Benicia 1852 City hall Oldest extant city hall in California.
Mariposa County Courthouse   Mariposa 1854 Courthouse Oldest courthouse in California.
Point Pinos Lighthouse   Pacific Grove 1855 Lighthouse Oldest lighthouse on the West Coast.
National Exchange Hotel   Nevada City 1856 Hotel Oldest continuously operated hotel on the West Coast.[133]
Old Bidwell Bar Bridge   Oroville 1856 Bridge First suspension bridge built in California. The bridge was relocated in 1966 prior to the creation of Lake Oroville.[134]
Buena Vista Winery   Sonoma 1857 Winery Oldest commercial winery in California.
Whaley House   San Diego 1857 Residence, Courthouse & Pharmacy Oldest brick structure in Southern California.
Fort Point   San Francisco 1861 Fort The only extant Third System fortification in the western United States.[135]
Bridgeport Covered Bridge   Penn Valley 1862 Bridge Oldest covered bridge in California & longest wooden covered bridge in the world.[136]
Menlo Park station   Menlo Park 1867 Train station Oldest train station in California.[137]
San Buenaventura Pier   Ventura 1870 Pier Oldest pier in California.
Weaverville Joss House   Weaverville 1874 Taoist temple Oldest continuously-operating Taoist temple in California.[138]
Temple Beth Israel   San Diego 1889 Synagogue Tied with Temple Beth Sholom for the oldest extant synagogue in California.[139][140]
Temple Beth Sholom San Leandro 1889 Synagogue Tied with Temple Beth Israel for the oldest extant synagogue in California.[141]
Old Chronicle Building   San Francisco 1890 Office First skyscraper in California.[142]
Pope Street Bridge   St. Helena 1894 Bridge Oldest stone arch bridge in California.[143]

20th century edit

Building Image Location First built Use Notes
Vedanta Society Old Temple   San Francisco 1905 Hindu temple The third floor and towers were added in 1908.[144] Oldest Hindu temple in the United States.[145]
Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk   Santa Cruz 1907 Amusement park Oldest extant amusement park in California. The park operates the Giant Dipper, the oldest roller coaster in California.[146]
Minor Theater   Arcata 1914 Movie theater Oldest purpose-built movie theater in the United States.[147][148]
Tassajara Zen Mountain Center   Carmel 1967 Monastery Oldest Japanese Buddhist Sōtō Zen monastery in the United States, and the first Zen monastery established outside of Asia.[149][150]

See also edit

References edit

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