Wikipedia

List of massacres in Poland

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in both historic and modern day areas of Poland (numbers may be approximate):

Massacres until 1939

Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Sack of Sandomierz (1241) 13 February 1241 Sandomierz Mongol Empire The Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Sack of Kraków (1241) March 1241 Kraków Mongol Empire The Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Sack of Sandomierz (1260) February 1260 Sandomierz Mongol Empire The Mongols massacred almost all residents.
Gdańsk massacre 13 November 1308 Gdańsk   Teutonic Knights 60–1,000 Polish civilians
Gołańcz massacre 3 May 1656 Gołańcz   Swedish Empire 25+ Poles Remains of 22 adults (incl. six women) and three children were discovered during an archaeological survey in 2014.[1]
Kościan massacre of 1656 10 October 1656 Kościan   Swedish Empire 300 Polish inhabitants [2]
Massacre of Uman 20–21 June 1768 Humań Cossacks (Ukrainians) up to 20,000 Poles and Jews
Massacre of Praga 4 November 1794 Praga, Warsaw   Russian Empire 6,000 Polish people killed or wounded
Fiszewo massacre 27 January 1832 Fiszewo   Kingdom of Prussia 12 Poles [3]
Galician slaughter early 1846 Western Galicia peasants about 1,000 nobles
Warsaw massacres of 1861 25–27 February and 8 April 1861 Warsaw   Russian Empire Over 200 Polish protesters [4]
Białaszewo massacre 31 March 1863 Białaszewo   Russian Empire 16+ Polish civilians including women[5]
Bredynki massacre 6 May 1863 Bredynki   Kingdom of Prussia 17 Poles further 30 people wounded[6]
Lututów massacre 15 June 1863 Lututów   Russian Empire Dozens of Polish POWs [7]
Wygoda massacre 21 July 1863 Wygoda   Russian Empire 50 young Poles [8][9]
Białystok pogrom 14–16 June 1906 Białystok Black Hundreds
Russian soldiers 		81–88 Jews
Mysłowice massacre 15 August 1919 Mysłowice   Weimar Republic 10 Poles Seven miners, two women and a 13-year-old boy[10]
Wilno school massacre 6 May 1925 Wilno (now Vilnius) 2 students 5 (including themselves) First school shooting in Polish history

Massacres during World War II and communist rule

Name Date Location Perpetrators Deaths Notes
Intelligenzaktion September 1939-Spring 1942 Poland   Nazi Germany up to 100,000 Polish people, mostly intellectuals
Torzeniec massacre 1–2 September 1939 Torzeniec   Nazi Germany 37 Poles
Zimnowoda and Parzymiechy massacre 2 September 1939 Zimnowoda and Parzymiechy   Nazi Germany 113 Poles including 30 children[11]
Wyszanów massacre 2 September 1939 Wyszanów   Nazi Germany 24 Poles
Gostyń massacre 2 September 1939 Gostyń   Nazi Germany 13 Poles including four women and a parish priest[12]
Bukownica massacre 2 September 1939 Bukownica   Nazi Germany 7+ Poles [13]
Łaziska massacre 2–6 September 1939 Łaziska Górne, Łaziska Dolne and Łaziska Średnie   Nazi Germany 69 Poles including 30 children[14]
Albertów massacre 3 September 1939 Albertów   Nazi Germany 159 Poles [11]
Krzepice massacre 3 September 1939 Krzepice   Nazi Germany 30 Poles [15]
Mysłów massacre 3 September 1939 Mysłów   Nazi Germany 22 Poles Victims were burned alive, including 10 children.[11]
Pińczyce massacre 3 September 1939 Pińczyce   Nazi Germany 20 Poles [15]
Świekatowo massacre 3 September 1939 Świekatowo   Nazi Germany 26 Poles [16]
Święta Anna massacre 3 September 1939 Święta Anna   Nazi Germany 29 Poles [15]
Jankowice massacre 3 September 1939 Jankowice   Nazi Germany 13 Poles including women and children[12]
Zgoń massacre 3 September 1939 Zgoń   Nazi Germany 8 Poles including one woman[17]
Lędziny massacre 3 September 1939 Lędziny   Nazi Germany 7 Poles including a 16-year-old girl[18]
Bloody Sunday 3–4 September 1939 Bydgoszcz   Nazi Germany 254
Świętochłowice massacre 3–4 September 1939 Świętochłowice   Nazi Germany 10 Poles [19]
Częstochowa massacre
(Bloody Monday) 		4 September 1939 Częstochowa   Nazi Germany 88–200
Złoczew massacre 4 September 1939 Złoczew   Nazi Germany 200 Poles and Jews
Katowice massacre
(Bloody Monday) 		4 September 1939 Katowice   Nazi Germany about 80 Polish defenders including Polish boy and girl scouts
Kruszyna massacre 4 September 1939 Kruszyna   Nazi Germany dozens of Poles including 10 children[15]
Cielętniki massacre 4 September 1939 Cielętniki   Nazi Germany 28 Poles including four children[15]
Pasternik massacre 4 September 1939 Pasternik   Nazi Germany 29 Poles including one woman[20]
Pławno massacre 4 September 1939 Pławno   Nazi Germany 15 Poles [15]
Pszczyna massacre 4 September 1939 Pszczyna   Nazi Germany 14 Poles 13 boy scouts and a teacher[12]
Siewierz massacre 4 September 1939 Siewierz   Nazi Germany 10 Poles including several teenagers[21]
Wyry massacre 4–6 September 1939 Wyry   Nazi Germany over 10 Poles [12]
Serock massacre 5 September 1939 Serock   Nazi Germany over 80 Polish POWs [22]
Kajetanowice massacre 5 September 1939 Kajetanowice   Nazi Germany over 70 Poles including ten children under the age of 16[15]
Krasnosielc massacre 5–6 September 1939 Krasnosielc   Nazi Germany 50 Jews
Moryca and Longinówka massacre 6 September 1939 Moryca and Longinówka   Nazi Germany Polish POWs, including 19 officers [22]
Uniejów massacre 6, 8 September 1939 Uniejów   Nazi Germany 50 [23]
Będzin massacres 6, 9 September 1939 Będzin   Nazi Germany 20 Poles and 100 Jews [24]
Wylazłów massacre 7 September 1939 Wylazłów   Nazi Germany 24 Poles [23]
Mordarka massacre 7 September 1939 Mordarka   Nazi Germany 9 Jews and one Pole [25]
Wągrowiec massacre 7 September 1939 Wągrowiec   Nazi Germany 8 Poles [23]
Balin massacre 8 September 1939 Balin   Nazi Germany 21 Poles [23]
Koźle massacre 8 September 1939 Koźle   Nazi Germany 17 Poles [13]
Massacre in Ciepielów 8 September 1939 Ciepielów   Nazi Germany around 300 Polish POWs
Tyszki massacre 8 September 1939 Tyszki-Ciągaczki   Nazi Germany 33 Poles [26]
Chechło massacre 8 September 1939 Chechło near Pabianice   Nazi Germany 30 Poles [27]
Dominikowice massacre 8 September 1939 Dominikowice   Nazi Germany 23 Poles [13]
Czekaj massacre 8 September 1939 Czekaj   Nazi Germany 13 Poles [23]
Bagatele massacre 8 September 1939 Bagatele   Nazi Germany 11 Poles [28]
Siemianowice Śląskie massacre 8 September 1939 Siemianowice Śląskie   Nazi Germany 6 Poles [19]
Lipsko massacre 8–9 September 1939 Lipsko   Nazi Germany 66 [29]
Mszczonów massacres 8, 11 September 1939 Mszczonów   Nazi Germany 11 Polish POWs and 20 Polish civilians Including the town's mayor.[22][26]
Sławków massacre 9 September 1939 Sławków   Nazi Germany 98 Jews [29]
Wyszków massacre 9 September 1939 Wyszków   Nazi Germany 65+ Jews [29]
Orło massacre 9 September 1939 Orło   Nazi Germany 10 Poles [27]
Pniewo massacre 9 September 1939 Pniewo   Nazi Germany Over 10 Poles [26]
Mielno massacre 9 September 1939 Mielno   Nazi Germany 7 Poles [23]
Łęczyca massacre 9–10 September 1939 Łęczyca   Nazi Germany 29 Poles [26]
Mszadla massacre 10 September 1939 Mszadla   Nazi Germany 153 Poles [30]
Gniazdowo massacre 10 September 1939 Gniazdowo   Nazi Germany around 20 Poles [27]
Zdziechowa massacre 10 September 1939 Zdziechowa   Nazi Germany 24 Poles [31]
Rawa Mazowiecka massacre 10 September 1939 Rawa Mazowiecka   Nazi Germany 40 [26]
Bądków massacre 10 September 1939 Bądków   Nazi Germany 22 Poles including a 14-year-old boy[13]
Piaseczno massacre of 1939 10 September 1939 Piaseczno   Nazi Germany 21 Polish POWs [22]
Stare Rogowo massacre 10 September 1939 Stare Rogowo   Nazi Germany 21 Poles [32]
Laski Szlacheckie massacre 10 September 1939 Laski Szlacheckie   Nazi Germany 20 Poles including four families[26]
Karczew massacre 11 September 1939 Karczew   Nazi Germany 75 Poles [33]
Skierniewice massacre 11 September 1939 Skierniewice   Nazi Germany 60 [33]
Kowalewice massacre 11 September 1939 Kowalewice   Nazi Germany 23 Poles [34]
Obora massacre 11 September 1939 Obora   Nazi Germany 22 Poles [27]
Niewolno massacre 11 September 1939 Niewolno   Nazi Germany 18 Poles [35]
Jankowo Dolne massacre 11 September 1939 Jankowo Dolne   Nazi Germany 12 Poles including women and children[23]
Szczucin massacre 12 September 1939 Szczucin   Nazi Germany around 40 Polish POWs and around 30 Polish civilians [36]
Parma massacre 12 September 1939 Parma   Nazi Germany 32 Poles [26]
Koźmice Wielkie massacre 12 September 1939 Koźmice Wielkie   Nazi Germany 32 Jews [29]
Sadówka massacre 12 September 1939 Sadówka   Nazi Germany around 12 Poles [37]
Łowicz massacre 13 September 1939 Łowicz   Nazi Germany 21 [26]
Mień massacre 13 September 1939 Mień   Nazi Germany 9 Poles [38]
Zambrów massacre night of 13–14 September 1939 Zambrów   Nazi Germany more than 200 Polish POW
Olszewo massacre 14 September 1939 Olszewo   Nazi Germany 30 Polish POWs and 23 civilians [38]
Moskwin massacre 14 September 1939 Moskwin   Nazi Germany 9 Poles [39]
Sulejówek massacre 15 September 1939 Sulejówek and Długa Szlachecka   Nazi Germany over 90 Poles [26]
Massacre in Dynów 15-28 September 1939 Dynów   Nazi Germany Around 300 killed
Retki massacre 16 September 1939 Retki   Nazi Germany 22 Poles [26]
Henryków massacre 17 September 1939 Henryków   Nazi Germany 76 Poles including women and children[33]
Leszno massacre 17 September 1939 Leszno   Nazi Germany around 50 Poles [33]
Bąków massacre 17 September 1939 Bąków   Nazi Germany 18 Poles including two families[26]
Śladów massacre 18 September 1939 Śladów   Nazi Germany around 300 Poles, including POWs and refugees including women and children[33]
Mogilno massacre 18 September 1939 Mogilno   Mogilno Germans minority 40 Polish (1 Jewish descent)
Błonie massacre 18 September 1939 Błonie   Nazi Germany 50 Jews and Poles
Gąbin massacre 19–21 September 1939 Gąbin   Nazi Germany 20 Poles [33]
Zakroczym massacre 28 September 1939 Zakroczym   Nazi Germany about 600 Polish POWs
Majdan Wielki massacre 20 September 1939 Majdan Wielki   Nazi Germany 42 Polish POWs [36]
Boryszew massacre 22 September 1939 Boryszew   Nazi Germany 50 Polish POWs [40]
Psia Górka massacre 22 September 1939 Psia Górka   Soviet Union over 100 Polish POWs and 300 Polish civilians [41]
Husynne massacre 23 September 1939 Husynne   Soviet Union 25 Polish POWs [41]
Mokrany massacre 28 September 1939 Mokrany   Soviet Union 18 Polish POWs [41]
Luszkówko massacre September 1939–January 1940 Luszkówko   Nazi Germany around 1,000 Poles The victims were mentally ill people from a psychiatric hospital in Świecie.[42]
Szczuczki massacre 1 October 1939 Szczuczki   Nazi Germany 64 Poles including ten boys under the age of 18[33]
Valley of Death (Bydgoszcz) October–November 1939 Bydgoszcz   Nazi Germany 1,200–1,400
Dalki massacre 7 November 1939 Dalki   Nazi Germany 24 Poles including 10 defenders of Kłecko[43]
Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre 11 November 1939 Ostrów Mazowiecka   Nazi Germany up to 600 Jews
Wawer massacre 26–27 December 1939 Wawer   Nazi Germany 107 7 shot but survived
Palmiry massacre December 1939–June 1941 Palmiry   Nazi Germany 1,700 Poles and Jews
Sieklówka massacre December 1939–January 1940 Sieklówka   Nazi Germany 93 Poles [44]
Piotrowice massacre 18 January 1940 Piotrowice   Nazi Germany 39 Poles [45]
Dąbrówka Mała massacre 3–4 April 1940 Dąbrówka Mała   Nazi Germany 40 Poles [45]
Celiny massacre 4 April 1940 Celiny   Nazi Germany 29 Poles [45]
Skłoby massacre 11 April 1940 Skłoby   Nazi Germany 265 Poles including women and children[46]
Katyn massacre April–May 1940 Katyn Forest   Soviet Union 22,000 Polish killed, most of them officers 21,857 confirmed by Soviet documents, about 440 of the prospective victims escaped the shootings. After intense research, today most of the victims are known name by name.
Bloody Wednesday of Olkusz 31 July 1940 Olkusz   Nazi Germany 20 Polish civilians
NKVD prisoner massacres in Poland June–November 1941 Eastern Poland   Soviet Union 20,000–30,000
Nowosiółki massacre 1941 Nowosiółki   Nazi Germany Several hundred The victims were patients of a local psychiatric hospital.[47]
Szczuczyn pogrom 25–28 June 1941 Szczuczyn Polish nationalists 300 Jews Pogrom halted after intervention by German army in favor of the Jews. Additional 100 Jews killed in July by Poles. The Jews were subsequently murdered by the Germans.
1941 Białystok massacres 27 June, 3–4 July, 12–13 July 1941 Białystok   Nazi Germany 6,500–7,000 Jews
Lviv pogroms June–July 1941 Lviv local crowds, Ukrainian nationalists, Germans 6,000 Jews
Ponary massacre July 1941–August 1944 Ponary   Nazi Germany
Ypatingasis būrys 		100,000 Jews, Poles and Russians
Radziłów pogrom 7–9 July 1941 Radziłów Poles 600–2,000 Jews
Jedwabne pogrom 10 July 1941 Jedwabne Poles (German military police was present, but did not intervene) 340–1,600 Jews
Massacre of Lwów professors July 1941 Lviv   Nazi Germany 45 Polish professors
Mass murders in Tykocin August 1941 Tykocin   Nazi Germany some 700 Jews Some 150 Jews managed to escape the massacre, however most were handed over to the Germans.
Czarny Las massacre 14–15 August 1941 Czarny Las near Stanisławów   Nazi Germany 250–300 Poles
Zdzięcioł massacres 30 April and 10 August 1942 Zdzięcioł   Nazi Germany 3,000–5,000 Jews
Święciany massacre 19–20 May 1942 Švenčionys, modern-day Lithuania (then eastern Poland) Lithuanian Security Police 400–1,200 Poles
Rajsk massacre 16 July 1942 Rajsk   Nazi Germany 142 [48]
Nowy Bidaczów massacre 6 October 1942 Nowy Bidaczów   Nazi Germany 22 Poles retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[49]
Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka massacre 6 December 1942 Stary Ciepielów and Rekówka   Nazi Germany 31 Poles (including children) and 2 Jews including women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Świesielice massacre 7–8 December 1942 Świesielice   Nazi Germany 15 Poles
Kitów massacre 11 December 1942 Kitów   Nazi Germany 164+ Poles including women and children
Samoklęski massacre January 1943 Samoklęski   Nazi Germany 27 Jews and one Pole retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[50]
Stary Lubotyń massacre 23 January 1943 Stary Lubotyń   Nazi Germany 8 Poles [51]
Dzierążnia massacre 28–29 January 1943 Dzierążnia   Nazi Germany over 60 Poles
Budy and Huta Dzierążyńska massacre 29 January 1943 Budy Dzierążyńskie and Huta Dzierążyńska   Nazi Germany 50–80 Poles
Sumin massacre 29 January 1943 Sumin   Nazi Germany 50
Róża massacre 2 February 1943 Róża   Nazi Germany dozens
Imbramowice massacre 2 February 1943 Imbramowice   Nazi Germany 50–60 Romanis
Paulinów massacre 24 February 1943 Paulinów   Nazi Germany 11 Poles and 3 Jews retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Siedliska massacre 15 March 1943 Siedliska   Nazi Germany 5 Poles and 4 Jews retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Różaniec massacre 18 March 1943 Różaniec   Nazi Germany around 70 Poles
Naliboki massacre 8 May 1943 Naliboki, modern-day Belarus (then eastern Poland)   Soviet NKVD and Jewish partisans 129 (including one child)
Warsaw Ghetto massacre 19 April–16 May 1943 Warsaw ghetto, Warsaw   Nazi Germany 13,000 Jews 6,000 Jews burnt to death by German forces.
Szarajówka massacre 18 May 1943 Szarajówka   Nazi Germany 58–67 Poles
Kielce cemetery massacre 23 May 1943 Jewish Cemetery, Kielce   Nazi Germany 45 Jewish children
Ispina massacre 2 June 1943 Ispina   Nazi Germany 13 Poles
Strużki massacre 3 June 1943 Strużki   Nazi Germany 74+ Poles
Fidury and Koziki massacre 13 June 1943 Fidury and Koziki   Nazi Germany 21 Poles including children[52]
Posądza massacre 22 June 1943 Posądza   Nazi Germany 7 Poles including three children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[53]
Majdan Nowy massacre 24 June 1943 Majdan Nowy   Nazi Germany 28–36 Poles
Cegłów massacre 28 June 1943 Cegłów   Nazi Germany 26 Poles and an unknown number of Jews including women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[53]
Majdan Stary massacre 3 July 1943 Majdan Stary   Nazi Germany 75 Poles
Liszki massacre 4 July 1943 Liszki   Nazi Germany 30 Poles 27 men and 3 women
Michniów massacre 12–13 July 1943 Michniów   Nazi Germany about 204 Poles including 48 children
Sikory-Tomkowięta massacre 13 July 1943 Sikory-Tomkowięta   Nazi Germany 49 Poles [48]
Łysa Góra massacre 13 July 1943 Łysa Góra near Zawady   Nazi Germany 58 Poles [48]
Krasowo-Częstki massacre 17 July 1943 Krasowo-Częstki   Nazi Germany 257 Poles including 83 children under the age of 17[48]
Wnory-Wandy massacre 21 July 1943 Wnory-Wandy   Nazi Germany 32 Poles [54]
Radwanowice massacre 21 July 1943 Radwanowice   Nazi Germany 30 Poles
Gamratka massacre 27 July 1943 Gamratka   Nazi Germany 3 Jews and 2 Poles retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[55]
Jasionowo massacre 2 August 1943 Jasionowo   Nazi Germany 58 Poles including 19 children[54]
Szczurowa massacre 3 August 1943 Szczurowa   Nazi Germany 93 Romanis
Operation Harvest Festival 3 August 1943 Lublin District   Nazi Germany 43,000 Jews of Majdanek, Poniatowa and Trawniki
Drewnowo-Gołyń massacre 11 September 1943 Drewnowo-Gołyń   Nazi Germany 9 Poles [56]
Tyczyn massacre 15 October 1943 Tyczyn   Nazi Germany 5 Poles including one woman; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[57]
Kietlin massacre October 1943 Kietlin   Nazi Germany 8 Jews and 3 Poles including women and children; retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust[58]
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
(Volhynian slaughter) 		1943–1944 Volhynia   Ukrainian Insurgent Army about 91,000 (±15,000) mostly Polish people by far most of the victimes were Poles, but also Ukrainians and people of ethnic minorities were killed
Koniuchy massacre 29 January 1944 Kaniūkai, modern-day Lithuania (then Eastern Poland)   Soviet NKVD and Jewish partisans 30–40 Poles
Zwierzyniec massacre 2 February 1944 Zwierzyniec   Nazi Germany 20 Poles including a 15-year-old boy
Huta Pieniacka massacre 28 February 1944 Huta Pieniacka Ukrainian nationalists 500[59]–1,200[60]
Wanaty massacre 28 February 1944 Wanaty   Nazi Germany 108 Poles including 35 women and 47 children
Jamy massacre 8 March 1944 Jamy   Nazi Germany 152 Poles
Jabłoń-Dobki massacre 8 March 1944 Jabłoń-Dobki   Nazi Germany 91 Poles including 31 women and 31 children[54]
Markowa massacre 24 March 1944 Markowa   Nazi Germany 8 Poles and 8 Jews retribution for rescuing Jews from the Holocaust
Chodaczków Wielki massacre 16 April 1944 Chodaczków Wielki   Nazi Germany 862 Poles including children
Sochy massacre 1 June 1944 Sochy   Nazi Germany 181–200 Polish civilians
Olszanka massacre 5 June 1944 Olszanka   Nazi Germany around 100 including children
Lublin Castle massacre 22 July 1944 Lublin   Nazi Germany over 300 Poles and Jews
Chłaniów and Władysławin massacre 23 July 1944 Chłaniów-Kolonia and Władysławin Ukrainian Legion of Self-Defense 44–45 Poles
Nur massacre 4 August 1944 Nur   Nazi Germany around 120 Poles [61]
Ochota massacre 4–25 August 1944 Ochota, Warsaw   Nazi Germany 10,000 Polish civilians Including gang rape, looting and arson.
Wola massacre 5–12 August 1944 Wola, Warsaw   Nazi Germany 40,000–50,000 Poles about 30,000 killed during the first three days
Małaszek massacre 31 August 1944 Małaszek   Nazi Germany over 30 Poles including women and children[62]
Plewki massacre 31 August 1944 Plewki   Nazi Germany 11 Poles [62]
Lipniak-Majorat massacre 2 September 1944 Lipniak-Majorat   Nazi Germany around 450 Poles including women and children[62][63]
Bloody Christmas Eve in Ochotnica Dolna 23 December 1944 Ochotnica Dolna   Nazi Germany 56 Poles including 19 children and 21 women
Nieławice massacre 31 December 1944–1 January 1945 Nieławice   Nazi Germany 56 Poles including 32 children under the age of 14[64]
Zawady Małe massacre 21–22 January 1945 Zawady Małe   Nazi Germany 110 Poles and 7 Russians
Marchwacz massacre 21–22 January 1945 Marchwacz   Nazi Germany 63 Polish civilians, 12 Soviet POWs [65]
Dąbrówka Nowa Massacre 22 January 1945 Dąbrówka Nowa   Soviet Union over 100 Latvians
Kortowo massacre 22 January 1945 Kortowo   Soviet Union around 600 [66]
Biadki massacre 23 January 1945 Biadki   Soviet Union 18 Hungarian POWs [67]
Łomnica massacre 24 January 1945 Łomnica   Nazi Germany 17 Massacre committed during a death march.[68]
Przyszowice massacre 26–28 January 1945 Przyszowice   Soviet Union 54–69
Kuźnica Żelichowska massacre 28 January 1945 Kuźnica Żelichowska   Nazi Germany 6 Italian POW generals [69]
Podgaje massacre 31 January 1945 Podgaje   Nazi Germany 160–210 Polish POWs
Leśno massacre 9 February 1945 Leśno   Nazi Germany 64 Jewish women [70]
Pawłokoma massacre 3 March 1945 Pawłokoma Poles 150–366 Ukrainians
Wierzchowiny massacre 6 June 1945 Wierzchowiny National Armed Forces 50-196
Augustów roundup 10-25 July 1945 Suwałki and Augustów regions   Soviet Union about 600 anti-communist Out of 2,000 arrested by the Soviet forces, about 600 have disappeared.
Zawadka Morochowska massacres 25 January, 28 March, and 13 April 1946 Zawadka Morochowska Polish People's Army 73 Ukrainians and Lemkos
1946 pacification of villages by PAS NZW February 1946 Bielsk and Hajnówka County Rajs' unit 79 Belarusians
Kielce pogrom 4 July 1946 Kielce Poles 38–42 Jews
Pacification of Wujek 16 December 1981 Wujek Coal Mine ZOMO 9 striking miners

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  39. ^ Monkiewicz, Waldemar; Krętowski, Józef (1986). "Zbrodnie hitlerowskie na ludziach chorych i niepełnosprawnych". Białostocczyzna (in Polish). No. 1. Białystok: Białostockie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p. 25.
  40. ^ Sudoł 2011, p. 82.
  41. ^ a b c Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi" (in Polish). Łódź: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2012. p. 21. ISBN 978-83-63695-00-2.
  42. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 167.
  43. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 211.
  44. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, pp. 258–259, 272.
  45. ^ a b c Wardzyńska 2009, p. 142.
  46. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, pp. 254–255.
  47. ^ Robert Fiłończuk. "Pacjentów zwieziono do lasu i tam rozstrzelano. Mord Niemców na pół tysiącu chorych psychicznie". Polska Agencja Prasowa (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  48. ^ a b c d Markiewicz 2003, p. 67.
  49. ^ Datner 1968, p. 89.
  50. ^ Datner 1968, p. 92.
  51. ^ Bartniczak 1974, p. 178.
  52. ^ Bartniczak 1974, p. 182.
  53. ^ a b Datner 1968, p. 99.
  54. ^ a b c Markiewicz 2003, p. 68.
  55. ^ Datner 1968, p. 100.
  56. ^ Bartniczak 1974, p. 187.
  57. ^ Datner 1968, p. 101.
  58. ^ Datner 1968, p. 102.
  59. ^ Ukrainian archives
  60. ^ Pure Soldiers Or Sinister Legion
  61. ^ Bartniczak 1974, p. 205.
  62. ^ a b c Księga pamięci żołnierzy Armii Krajowej Obwodu Ostrów Maz. 1939-1944 (in Polish). Warszawa. 2007. pp. 21–22.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  63. ^ Bartniczak 1974, p. 208.
  64. ^ Monkiewicz 1988, p. 32.
  65. ^ Anna Czuchra (30 January 2016). "71. rocznica mordu na mieszkańcach Marchwacza". Wielkopolski Urząd Wojewódzki w Poznaniu (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  66. ^ "Dzisiaj mija 74. rocznica rzezi w Kortowie. Sowieckie oddziały zamordowały około 600 osób". Radio Olsztyn (in Polish). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  67. ^ Gałkiewicz, Anna (2001). "Informacja o śledztwach prowadzonych w OKŚZpNP w Łodzi w sprawach o zbrodnie popełnione przez funkcjonariuszy sowieckiego aparatu terroru". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 7. IPN. p. 20. ISSN 1641-9561.
  68. ^ "75. rocznica likwidacji i ewakuacji więźniów obozu karno-śledczego w Żabikowie". Muzeum Martyrologiczne w Żabikowie (in Polish). 19 January 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  69. ^ Muraca, Ilio (2008). "E quei generali marciavano, marciavano e morivano". Patria Indipendente (in Italian). No. 9. Roma. pp. 21–23. ISSN 0031-3130.
  70. ^ Hamerska, Małgorzata (2012). "Miejsca pamięci narodowej w powiecie chojnickim". Zeszyty Chojnickie (in Polish). No. 27. Chojnice: Chojnickie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk. p. 72.

Bibliography

  • Bartniczak, Mieczysław (1974). "Eksterminacja ludności w powiecie Ostrów Mazowiecka w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (1939–1944)". Rocznik Mazowiecki (in Polish). No. 5.
  • Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  • Markiewicz, Marcin (2003). "Represje hitlerowskie wobec wsi białostockiej". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. ISSN 1641-9561.
  • Monkiewicz, Waldemar (1988). "Pacyfikacje wsi w regionie białostockim (1939, 1941–1944)". Białostocczyzna (in Polish). No. 1 (9). Białystok: Białostockie Towarzystwo Naukowe. ISSN 0860-4096.
  • Sudoł, Tomasz (2011). "Zbrodnie Wehrmachtu na jeńcach polskich we wrześniu 1939 roku". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 8-9 (129-130). IPN. ISSN 1641-9561.
  • Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN.
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