Wikipedia

Elizabeth Holmes

For the writer, see Elizabeth Holmes (writer).

Elizabeth Anne Holmes (born February 3, 1984) is an American biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of fraud in connection with her blood-testing company, Theranos.[2] The company's valuation soared after it claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing methods that needed only very small volumes of blood, such as from a fingerprick.[3][4] In 2015, Forbes had named Holmes the youngest and wealthiest self-made female billionaire in the United States on the basis of a $9-billion valuation of her company.[5] In the following year, as revelations of fraud about Theranos's claims began to surface, Forbes revised its estimate of Holmes's net worth to zero,[6] and Fortune named her in its feature article on "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".[7]

Elizabeth Holmes
Holmes in 2014
Born
Elizabeth Anne Holmes

(1984-02-03) February 3, 1984 (age 40)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
EducationStanford University (dropped out)
Years active2003–2018
Known for
Criminal statusIncarcerated
Children2
Relatives
Conviction(s)
  • Wire fraud (3 counts)
  • Conspiracy to commit wire fraud (1 count)
Criminal penalty11+1⁄4 years in prison[1]
Imprisoned atFederal Prison Camp, Bryan

The decline of Theranos began in 2015, when a series of journalistic and regulatory investigations revealed doubts about the company's claims and whether Holmes had misled investors and the government. In 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Theranos, Holmes, and former Theranos chief operating officer (COO) Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani with raising $700 million from investors through a fraud involving false or exaggerated claims about the accuracy of the company's blood-testing technology; Holmes settled the charges by paying a $500,000 fine, returning 18.9 million shares to the company, relinquishing her voting control of Theranos, and accepting a ten-year ban from serving as an officer or director of a public company.

In June 2018, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and Balwani on fraud charges. Her trial in the case of U.S. v. Holmes, et al. ended in January 2022 when Holmes was convicted of defrauding investors, and acquitted of defrauding patients.[8] She was sentenced to serve 11+1⁄4 years at Federal Prison Camp, Bryan, beginning on May 30, 2023. She and Balwani were ordered to pay $452 million in restitution to the victims of the fraud. The credibility of Theranos was attributed in part to Holmes's personal connections and ability to recruit the support of influential people, including Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, James Mattis, and Betsy DeVos, all of whom had served or would go on to serve as U.S. presidential cabinet officials.

Holmes was in a clandestine romantic relationship with Balwani throughout most of Theranos's history.[9] Holmes and Balwani jointly ran the company with a "dysfunctional corporate culture" of "secrecy and fear" according to employees.[10] Staff also claimed that those who "raised concerns or objections" were "usually marginalized or fired" by the pair.[10] Following the collapse of Theranos, Holmes started dating hotel heir William "Billy" Evans, whom she married in 2019 and had two children with (born in 2021 and 2023).[11]

Early life

Elizabeth Holmes was born on February 3, 1984, in Washington, D.C.[12] Her father, Christian Rasmus Holmes IV, was a vice president at Enron, an energy company that later went bankrupt after an accounting fraud scandal. Her mother, Noel Anne (née Daoust), worked as a Congressional committee staffer.[13][12] Christian later held executive positions in government agencies such as USAID, the EPA, and USTDA.[14][15] Holmes is partly of Danish ancestry. One of her paternal great-great-great-grandfathers was Charles Louis Fleischmann, a Hungarian immigrant who founded Fleischmann's Yeast Company.[16] The Holmes family "was very proud of its yeast empire" history, according to a family friend Joseph Fuisz, "I think the parents very much yearned for the days of yore when the family was one of the richest in America. And I think Elizabeth channeled that, and at a young age."[17]

Holmes graduated from high school at St. John's School in Houston.[18][19] During high school, she was interested in computer programming and says she started her first business selling C++ compilers to Chinese universities.[20] Her parents had arranged Mandarin Chinese home tutoring, and partway through high school, Holmes began attending Stanford University's summer Mandarin program.[21][12] In 2002, Holmes attended Stanford, where she studied chemical engineering and worked as a student researcher and laboratory assistant in the School of Engineering.[13] She was a member of Kappa Alpha Theta at Stanford.[22]

After the end of her freshman year, Holmes worked in a laboratory at the Genome Institute of Singapore and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) through the collection of blood samples with syringes.[20][13] She filed her first patent application on a wearable drug-delivery patch in 2003.[23][24] Holmes reported that she was raped at Stanford in 2003.[25] In March 2004, she dropped out of Stanford's School of Engineering and used her tuition money as seed funding for a consumer healthcare technology company.[13][26]

Theranos

Main article: Theranos

Founding

In 2003, Holmes founded the company Real-Time Cures in Palo Alto, California, to "democratize healthcare".[20][27][28][29] Holmes described her fear of needles as a motivation and sought to perform blood tests using only small amounts of blood.[15][27] When Holmes pitched the idea to reap "vast amounts of data from a few droplets of blood derived from the tip of a finger" to her medicine professor Phyllis Gardner at Stanford, Gardner responded, "I don't think your idea is going to work", explaining it was impossible to do what Holmes was claiming could be done. Several other expert medical professors told Holmes the same thing.[15] However, Holmes did not relent, and she succeeded in getting her advisor and dean at the School of Engineering, Channing Robertson, to back her idea.[15] In 2003, Holmes renamed the company Theranos (a portmanteau of "therapy" and "diagnosis").[30][31] The company's original name was changed after deciding that too many people were skeptical of the word "cure".[32] Robertson became the company's first board member and introduced Holmes to venture capitalists.[13]

Funding and expansion

By December 2004, Holmes had raised $6 million to fund the firm.[13] By the end of 2010, Theranos had more than $92 million in venture capital.[23] In July 2011, Holmes was introduced to former secretary of state George Shultz. After a two-hour meeting, he joined the Theranos board of directors.[33] Holmes was recognized for forming "the most illustrious board in U.S. corporate history" over the next three years.[34]

Holmes operated Theranos in "stealth mode" without press releases or a company website until September 2013, when the company announced a partnership with Walgreens to launch in-store blood sample collection centers.[35][36] She was interviewed for Medscape by its editor-in-chief, Eric Topol, who praised her for "this phenomenal rebooting of laboratory medicine".[37] Media attention increased in 2014, when Holmes appeared on the covers of Fortune, Forbes, T: The New York Times Style Magazine, and Inc.[38]

Forbes recognized Holmes as the world's youngest self-made female billionaire and ranked her #110 on the Forbes 400 in 2014.[39] Theranos was valued at $9 billion and had raised more than $400 million in venture capital.[13][40] By the end of 2014, her name appeared on 18 U.S. patents and 66 foreign patents.[24] During 2015, Holmes established agreements with Cleveland Clinic, Capital Blue Cross, and AmeriHealth Caritas to use Theranos technology.[23]

Downfall

John Carreyrou of The Wall Street Journal initiated a secret, months-long investigation of Theranos after he received a tip from a medical expert who thought that Theranos's Edison blood testing device seemed suspicious. Carreyrou spoke to ex-employee whistleblowers and obtained company documents. When Holmes learned of the investigation, she initiated a campaign through her lawyer David Boies to stop Carreyrou from publishing, which included legal and financial threats against both the Journal and the whistleblowers.[41][42]

In October 2015, despite Boies's legal threats and strong-arm tactics, the Journal published Carreyrou's "bombshell article"[43] detailing how the Edison device gave inaccurate results, and revealing that the company had been using commercially available machines manufactured by other companies for most of its testing.[44] Carreyrou continued to report problems with the company and Holmes's conduct in a series of articles and, in 2018, published a book titled Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup, detailing his investigation of Theranos.[45][46]

Holmes denied all the claims, calling the Journal a "tabloid" and promising the company would publish data on the accuracy of its tests.[47][48] She appeared on CNBC's Mad Money the same evening the article was published. Jim Cramer said, "The article was pretty brutal", to which Holmes responded, "This is what happens when you work to change things, first they think you're crazy, then they fight you, and then all of a sudden you change the world."[49]

In January 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sent a warning letter to Theranos after an inspection of its Newark, California, laboratory uncovered irregularities with staff proficiency, procedures, and equipment.[50] CMS regulators proposed a two-year ban on Holmes from owning or operating a certified clinical laboratory after the company had not fixed problems in its California lab in March 2016.[51] On The Today Show, Holmes said she was "devastated we did not catch and fix these issues faster" and said the lab would be rebuilt with help from a new scientific and medical advisory board.[52][53]

In July 2016, CMS banned Holmes from owning, operating, or directing a blood-testing service for a period of two years. Theranos appealed that decision to a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services appeals board.[15][54] Shortly thereafter, Walgreens ended its relationship with Theranos and closed its in-store blood collection centers.[55] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also ordered the company to cease use of its Capillary Tube Nanotainer device, one of its core inventions.[56]

In 2017, the State of Arizona filed suit against Theranos, alleging that the company had sold 1.5 million blood tests to Arizonans while concealing or misrepresenting important facts about those tests. In April 2017, the company settled the lawsuit by agreeing to refund the cost of the tests to consumers, and to pay $225,000 in civil fines and attorney fees, for a total of $4.65 million.[57][58] Other reported ongoing actions include an unspecified investigation by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and two class action fraud lawsuits. Holmes denied any wrongdoing.[15]

On May 16, 2017, approximately 99 percent of Theranos shareholders reached an agreement with the company to dismiss all litigation and potential litigation in exchange for shares of preferred stock. Holmes released a portion of her equity to offset any dilution of stock value to non-participating shareholders.[59][60]

In March 2018, the SEC charged Holmes and Theranos's former president, Ramesh Balwani, with fraud by taking more than $700 million from investors while advertising a false product. The charges of fraud included the company's false claim that its technology was being used by the U.S. Department of Defense in combat situations.[61] The company also lied when it claimed to have a $100-million revenue stream in 2014. That year, the company only made $100,000.[62] On March 14, 2018, Holmes settled the lawsuit.[63] The terms of Holmes's settlement included surrendering voting control of Theranos, returning 18.9 million shares to the company, a ban on holding an officer or director position in a public company for 10 years, and a $500,000 fine.[64][65][66]

At its height in 2015, Theranos had more than 800 employees.[67] It dismissed 340 people in October 2016 and an additional 155 in January 2017.[68] In April 2018, Theranos filed a WARN Act notice with the State of California, announcing its plans to permanently lay off 105 employees, leaving it with fewer than two dozen employees.[67][69] Most of the remaining employees were laid off in August 2018. On September 5, 2018, the company announced that it had begun the process of formally dissolving, with its remaining cash and assets to be distributed to its creditors.[70]

U.S. v. Holmes, et al.

Main article: United States v. Elizabeth A. Holmes, et al.

On June 15, 2018, after an investigation by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California that lasted more than two years, a federal grand jury indicted Holmes and Balwani on nine counts of wire fraud and two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud.[71][72] Both pleaded not guilty. The prosecution alleged that Holmes and Balwani had engaged in two criminal schemes: one to defraud investors, and a second to defraud doctors and patients.[71][73][74] After the indictment was issued, Holmes resigned as CEO of Theranos but remained chairwoman of its board of directors.[72]

Holmes was tried in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, with U.S. district judge Edward Davila presiding. She hired defense lawyers from Williams & Connolly, a prominent American law firm that specializes in white-collar crime defense. The trial began on August 31, 2021,[75] after being delayed for over a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Holmes's pregnancy.[76] At trial, Holmes testified on her own behalf for seven days, claiming among other things that she was misled by her staff about the technology, and that Balwani held sway over her during the romantic relationship they had and which was still ongoing when the alleged criminal acts happened.[77][78][79] The case's evidence outlined Holmes's role in faked demonstrations, falsified validation reports, misleading claims about contracts, and overstated financials at Theranos.[2]

On January 3, 2022, the jury found Holmes guilty on four counts of defrauding investors: three counts of wire fraud, and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud. She was found not guilty on four counts of defrauding patients, and the jury returned a "no verdict" on three counts of wire fraud against investors. The judge declared a mistrial on the last three counts, and the government later agreed to dismiss them.[2][8][80][81] Holmes waited on sentencing while remaining 'at liberty' on $500,000 bail, secured with property.[82][83] She faced a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison, and a fine of $250,000, plus restitution, for each count of wire fraud and for each conspiracy count.[75][2]

On November 18, 2022, Davila sentenced Holmes to 11+1⁄4 years in federal prison and ordered her and Balwani jointly to pay $452 million in restitution to the victims of the fraud.[84][1] He recommended she be incarcerated at Federal Prison Camp, Bryan, a minimum-security federal prison in Bryan, Texas. On May 17, 2023, Davila ruled that she must surrender to custody on May 30, after accepting that she needed time to arrange childcare for her two children.[85] Holmes reported to prison on May 30.[86] In July 2023, the Bureau of Prisons projected that Holmes would be released from prison in 2032, approximately two years early, in accordance with the Bureau's guidelines for good conduct time.[87][88]

Holmes appealed her conviction and sentence to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Her lawyers argued that Davila had committed legal errors by, among other things, allowing the prosecution to introduce certain government reports and expert witness analysis, by restricting their cross-examination of former Theranos laboratory director Adam Rosendorff, and by excluding some of Balwani's testimony. The Ninth Circuit heard oral argument in her case in June 2024.[89]

Promotional activities

Holmes partnered with Carlos Slim in June 2015 to improve blood testing in Mexico.[90] In October 2015, she announced #IronSisters to help women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics careers.[91] In 2015, she helped to draft and pass a law in Arizona to let people obtain and pay for lab tests without requiring insurance or healthcare provider approval, while misrepresenting the accuracy and effectiveness of the Theranos device.[92][93]

Connections

Theranos's board and investors included many influential figures.[94][95] Holmes's first major investor was Tim Draper – Silicon Valley venture capitalist and father of Holmes's childhood friend Jesse Draper – who "cut Holmes a check" for $1 million upon hearing her initial pitch for the firm that would become Theranos.[96][97] Theranos's pool of major investors expanded to include[95] Rupert Murdoch, the Walton family, the DeVos family including Betsy DeVos, the Cox family of Cox Enterprises and Carlos Slim Helú. Each of these investors lost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars when Theranos folded.[95]

One of Holmes's first board members was George Shultz.[98][96] With Shultz's early involvement aiding Holmes's recruitment efforts, the 12-member Theranos board eventually included:[99] Henry Kissinger, a former secretary of state; William Perry, a former secretary of defense; James Mattis, a future secretary of defense; Gary Roughead, a retired U.S. Navy admiral; Bill Frist, a former U.S. senator (R-TN); Sam Nunn, a former U.S. senator (D-GA); and former CEOs Dick Kovacevich of Wells Fargo and Riley Bechtel of Bechtel.[100][101]

Recognition and public image

Before the collapse of Theranos, Holmes received widespread acclaim. In 2015, she was appointed a member of the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows[102] and was named one of Time magazine's "Time 100 most influential people".[103] Holmes received the Under 30 Doers Award from Forbes and was ranked number 73 in its 2015 list of "the world's most powerful women".[104][105] She was also named Woman of the Year by Glamour and received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Pepperdine University.[106][107]

Holmes was awarded the 2015 Horatio Alger Award of the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, making her its youngest recipient in history.[30][108] She previously had been named Fortune's Businessperson of the Year and had been listed in its 40 Under 40 feature.[109][110] In 2015, she was a member of Bloomberg's 50 Most Influential.[111] In the same year actor Jared Leto presented her with a Glamour Award[112] and then-US President Barack Obama named her as Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship.[113] In 2016, Fortune named Holmes in its article on "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders".[7]

Holmes was an admirer of Apple founder Steve Jobs, and deliberately copied his style, frequently dressing in a black turtleneck sweater, as Jobs did.[114] Holmes said her mother dressed her in black turtlenecks when she was young[115] and that she had worn the turtlenecks beginning around the age of eight,[116] but she also claims that she started wearing black turtlenecks upon founding the company in 2003.[117] An employee said she suggested Holmes copy Jobs's famous Issey Miyake turtleneck look in 2007.[118]

During most of her public appearances, she spoke in a deep baritone voice, although a former Theranos colleague later claimed he heard her speak in a voice stereotypical of a woman her age to welcome him when he was hired.[119][120] Gardner of Stanford also denies that Holmes has a naturally deep voice.[121] Her family, however, has maintained that her deep voice is authentic.[122][123] In a 2023 New York Times interview, Holmes spoke in her natural, higher pitch voice, and confirmed that the low voice was an affectation.[124]

Personal life

 
Holmes at Stanford University, 2013

Holmes was romantically involved with the Pakistani-born technology entrepreneur Ramesh "Sunny" Balwani, who immigrated to India and then the US.[125][126] She met him in 2002 during a trip to Beijing as part of Stanford University's Mandarin program. Holmes was 18 at the time and had just graduated from high school; Balwani is 19 years older than Holmes and he was married to another woman at the time.[10][127]

Balwani divorced his wife in 2002[128] and became romantically involved with Holmes in 2003, about the same time Holmes dropped out of university.[10] The couple moved into an apartment together in 2005. Although Balwani did not officially join Theranos until 2009, when he was given the title of chief operating officer, he was advising Holmes behind the scenes from the company's inception.[10] Balwani left Theranos in 2016 in the wake of investigations. The circumstances of his departure are unclear; Holmes has stated that she fired him, but Balwani says that he left of his own accord.[10]

On November 29, 2021, Holmes testified that she had been raped while she was a student at Stanford and that she sought solace from Balwani in the aftermath of the incident.[77][78] She also said Balwani was very controlling during their romantic relationship, which lasted more than a decade, and at times he berated and sexually abused her.[77][78] In her testimony, she stated he also wanted to "kill the person" she was and create a "new Elizabeth".[77] However, she also testified that Balwani had not forced her to make the false statements to investors, business partners, journalists and company directors that had been described in the case.[129] In court filings, Balwani has "categorically" denied abuse allegations, calling them "false and inflammatory."[130]

Before the March 2018 settlement, Holmes owned half of Theranos's stock.[20] Forbes listed her as one of U.S. Richest Self-Made Women in 2015 with a net worth of $4.5 billion.[40] In June 2016, Forbes released an updated valuation of $800 million for Theranos, which made Holmes's stake essentially worthless, because other investors owned preferred shares and would have been paid before Holmes, who owned only common stock.[6] Holmes reportedly owed a $25 million debt to Theranos in connection with exercising stock options. She did not receive any company cash from the arrangement, nor did she sell any of her shares, including those associated with the debt.[131][132][133]

Holmes first met William "Billy" Evans in early 2017.[134] In early 2019, Holmes became engaged to Evans, a 27-year-old heir to Evans Hotels, a family-owned group of hotels in the San Diego area.[135][134] In mid-2019, Holmes and Evans reportedly married in a private ceremony.[136][137] Holmes and Evans have not directly confirmed whether the two are legally married, and several sources continue to refer to him as her "partner" rather than her husband.[138][139] Holmes gave birth to a son in July 2021.[139] In October 2022, weeks before her sentencing hearing, it was reported she was pregnant with a second child.[140] Holmes was accused of conceiving a second child, according to a court filing from February 2023, as a strategy for delaying the start of her prison term.[141] Holmes denied this, saying she wanted to grow her family and the child was conceived before she was indicted, which she did not anticipate.[134] Prior to her incarceration, she lived in the Mortimer Fleishhacker House in Woodside, California with her partner.[142][143]

In January 2022, NPR obtained a copy of a partial police report from the evening of October 5, 2003, in which Holmes called the police and alleged she had been sexually assaulted at a fraternity house at Stanford between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m. that morning. The police report supported claims made by Holmes during the trial, in which she said: "I was questioning how I was going to be able to process that [rape] experience and what I wanted to do with my life, and I decided that I was going to build a life by building [a company]." She had started Theranos later that year. The report written by the deputies who responded to the call was withheld from release, and the partial information obtained by NPR does not identify an alleged perpetrator or other details about the incident but identifies the street address of the Sigma Chi fraternity house as the location.[144]

In the media

The case of Holmes is said to have created a stigma for other female entrepreneurs, particularly in the sciences and health care industries, who are often compared to her. Writing in The New York Times, technology journalist Erin Griffith commented that "Holmes continues to loom large across the start-up world because of the audacity of her story, which has permeated popular culture", with female entrepreneurs reporting that "the frequent comparisons [to Holmes] are pernicious".[145] Holmes has also been featured in a number of media works:[146]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Keenan, Alexis (November 18, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos founder, sentenced to 11.25 years in prison". Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d Griffith, Erin; Woo, Erin (January 3, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes is found guilty of four counts of fraud". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
  3. ^ Levine, Matt (March 14, 2018). "The Blood Unicorn Theranos Was Just a Fairy Tale". Bloomberg View. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  4. ^ Abelson, Reed (April 24, 2016). "Theranos's Fate Rests With a Founder Who Answers Only to Herself". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  5. ^ "Forbes Announces Inaugural List Of America's 50 Richest Self-Made Women". Forbes. May 27, 2015. Archived from the original on September 9, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  6. ^ a b Herper, Matthew (June 1, 2016). "From $4.5 Billion To Nothing: Forbes Revises Estimated Net Worth Of Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
  7. ^ a b "The World's 19 Most Disappointing Leaders". Fortune. March 30, 2016. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  8. ^ a b Baron, Ethan (January 3, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes trial: Split verdict finds Theranos founder guilty of four counts of criminal fraud, not guilty on four other counts". Mercury News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
  9. ^ Leskin, Paige (October 4, 2019). "3 lawyers defending Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes say they haven't been paid in over a year and would like to quit". Business Insider. Archived from the original on April 12, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020. Holmes and Balwani, who hid that they were romantically involved for much of the time they headed Theranos
  10. ^ a b c d e f Carreyrou, John (May 19, 2018). "Theranos Inc.'s Partners in Blood". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  11. ^ Hurley, Bevan (May 31, 2023). "Who is Billy Evans, the husband of Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes?". The Independent. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c Leskin, Avery; Hartmans, Paige. "The rise and fall of Elizabeth Holmes, who started Theranos when she was 19 and became the world's youngest female billionaire but will now face a trial over 'massive fraud' in July 2020". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Auletta, Ken (December 15, 2014). "One Woman's Drive to Revolutionize Medical Testing". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on October 28, 2019. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  14. ^ "Christian Holmes". The Boston Consulting Group. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Bilton, Nick (October 2016). "Exclusive: How Elizabeth Holmes's House of Cards Came Tumbling Down". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  16. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, pp. 9–10.
  17. ^ Bettina Makalintal (March 25, 2019). "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Comes from a Baker's Yeast Empire". Vice. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  18. ^ Young, Matt (March 8, 2022). "What Hulu's 'The Dropout' got wrong about Elizabeth Holmes' Houston childhood". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
  19. ^ Abelson, Reed; Creswe, Julie (December 19, 2015). "Theranos Founder Faces a Test of Technology, and Reputation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
  20. ^ a b c d Parloff, Roger (June 12, 2014). "This CEO is out for blood". Fortune. Archived from the original on October 7, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
  21. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, p. 12.
  22. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (December 2, 2021). "Elizabeth Holmes relies on her tight entourage of friends as fraud trial nears its end". CNBC. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  23. ^ a b c Weisul, Kimberly. "How Playing the Long Game Made Elizabeth Holmes a Billionaire". Inc. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2016.
  24. ^ a b Kim, Larry (July 1, 2015). "21 Surprising Facts About Billionaire Entrepreneur Elizabeth Holmes". Inc. Archived from the original on July 27, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  25. ^ Randazzo, Sara (November 29, 2021). "Holmes Says Rape Led to Decision to Leave Stanford". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  26. ^ Crane, Rachel (October 16, 2014). "She's America's youngest female billionaire – and a dropout". CNNMoney. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  27. ^ a b Roper, Caitlin (February 18, 2014). "This Woman Invented a Way to Run 30 Lab Tests on Only One Drop of Blood". Wired. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
  28. ^ Arrillaga-Andreessen, Laura (October 12, 2015). "Five Visionary Tech Entrepreneurs Who Are Changing the World: Elizabeth Holmes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  29. ^ Kolhatkar, Sheelah; Chen, Caroline (December 10, 2015). "Can Elizabeth Holmes Save Her Unicorn?". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on September 25, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  30. ^ a b Parloff, Roger. "Theranos' Elizabeth Holmes: Young entrepreneurs need 'a mission'". Fortune. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  31. ^ Leiva, Ludmila. "Keep Track Of The Theranos Scandal With This Detailed Timeline". Refinery29. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  32. ^ Parloff, Roger (June 12, 2014). "This CEO is out for blood". Fortune. Archived from the original on October 7, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
  33. ^ Parloff, Roger (June 12, 2014). "A singular board at Theranos". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  34. ^ Leuty, Ron (August 2, 2013). "Theranos adds Kovacevich to all-star board". San Francisco Business Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  35. ^ "Holmes is where the heart is". The Economist. June 27, 2015. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  36. ^ Leuty, Ron (September 9, 2013). "Secretive Theranos emerging (partly) from shadows". San Francisco Business Times. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  37. ^ Topol, Eric. "Creative Disruption? She's 29 and Set to Reboot Lab Medicine". Medscape. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  38. ^ Kulwin, Noah (October 26, 2015). "Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes's Five Best Cover Story Appearances, Ranked". Re/code. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  39. ^ Kroll, Luisa. "From Bad To Worse: Forbes 400's Biggest Drop-Off Elizabeth Holmes Announces More Grim News". Forbes. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  40. ^ a b "Elizabeth Holmes". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  41. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, p. 279.
  42. ^ Knibbs, Kate (May 22, 2018). "How John Carreyrou Exposed the Theranos Scam". The Ringer. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  43. ^ Fox, Justin (May 19, 2016). "Theranos Could Have Used a Few Short Sellers". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018. John Carreyrou's first bombshell article in the Wall Street Journal about problems at the blood-testing startup Theranos
  44. ^ Carreyrou, John (October 16, 2015). "Hot Startup Theranos Has Struggled With Its Blood-Test Technology". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  45. ^ Huddleston, Tom Jr. (September 5, 2018). "Infamous blood testing company Theranos is shutting down – look back at some of the top revelations about its demise". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  46. ^ "John Carreyrou – News, Articles, Biography, Photos". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  47. ^ Stewart, James B. (October 30, 2015). "The Narrative Frays for Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  48. ^ Pollack, Andrew (October 27, 2015). "Theranos Chief Yields to Calls for Proof of Blood Test's Reliability". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  49. ^ Stevenson, Abigail (October 15, 2015). "Theranos CEO fires back at WSJ: I was shocked". Mad Money. Archived from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  50. ^ Duhaime-Ross, Arielle (February 2, 2016). "Here's what Theranos customers need to know". Verge. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
  51. ^ Abelson, Reed (April 13, 2016). "Theranos Under Fire as U.S. Threatens Crippling Sanctions". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
  52. ^ "Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes: I'm 'devastated' about blood test issues". The Today Show. April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  53. ^ "Elizabeth Holmes 'Devastated' Over Theranos Problems". Time. Archived from the original on April 11, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  54. ^ Carreryou, John; Siconolfi, Michael; Weaver, Christopher (July 8, 2016). "U.S. Regulator Bans Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes From Operating Labs for Two Years". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 25, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  55. ^ Japsen, Bruce. "Walgreens Ends Theranos Relationship, Shutters 40 Blood Test Centers". Forbes. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  56. ^ Balwani, Ramesh (September 16, 2015). "Pharmacy Inspection, Theranos, Inc., Newark, CA 483" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. Washington, DC. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  57. ^ Ramsey, Lydia (April 18, 2017). "Theranos just agreed to refund 175,000 people in Arizona who took its tests". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  58. ^ Alltucker, Ken. "Theranos reaches $4.65 million fraud settlement with Arizona". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2021.
  59. ^ "Theranos Finalizes Shareholder Recapitalization" (Press release). Theranos Inc. May 16, 2017. Archived from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017 – via Business Wire.
  60. ^ Balakrishnan, Anita (March 23, 2017). "Theranos' Elizabeth Holmes is giving away her shares to dodge lawsuits, report says". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  61. ^ della Cava, Marco. "She was 'the next Steve Jobs.' Now, Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes is charged with fraud". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  62. ^ Cooper, Daniel. "SEC charges Theranos and CEO Elizabeth Holmes with 'massive fraud'". Engadget. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  63. ^ Ho, Catherine (March 14, 2018). "Theranos founder to pay $500,000 to settle 'massive fraud' charges". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  64. ^ Robinson, Matt; Spalding, Rebecca (March 14, 2018). "Blood, Fraud and Money Led to Theranos CEO's Fall From Grace". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 14, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  65. ^ "Theranos, CEO Holmes, and Former President Balwani Charged With Massive Fraud" (Press release). Securities and Exchange Commission. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
  66. ^ Ramsey, Lydia (June 15, 2018). "SEC Charges Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes With 'Massive Fraud'". Inc. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  67. ^ a b Carreyrou, John (April 10, 2018). "Theranos Lays Off Most of Its Remaining Workforce". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  68. ^ Vincent, James (January 9, 2017). "Theranos starts 2017 by firing 40 percent of its staff". The Verge. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  69. ^ "Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Report" (PDF). Employment Development Department. State of California. May 10, 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  70. ^ Carreyrou, John. "Blood-Testing Firm Theranos to Dissolve". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  71. ^ a b Johnson, Carolyn Y. (June 15, 2018). "Elizabeth Holmes, founder of blood-testing company Theranos, indicted on wire fraud charges". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on October 11, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  72. ^ a b "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes steps down as CEO". Reuters. June 15, 2018. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  73. ^ Solon, Olivia (June 15, 2018). "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes charged with criminal fraud". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  74. ^ "Theranos Founder and Former Chief Operating Officer Charged In Alleged Wire Fraud Schemes". U.S. Department of Justice. June 15, 2018. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  75. ^ a b "U.S. v. Elizabeth Holmes, et al". U.S. Department of Justice. June 21, 2021. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
  76. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (March 12, 2021). "Elizabeth Holmes trial delayed because she's pregnant". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 12, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
  77. ^ a b c d Lerman, Rachel (November 29, 2021). "Elizabeth Holmes testifies her ex-partner was controlling, sexually assaulted her". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  78. ^ a b c Baron, Ethan (November 30, 2021). "Elizabeth Holmes trial: Theranos president Balwani forced sex on Holmes, she testifies". The Mercury News. San Jose. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  79. ^ Griffith, Erin (September 2, 2021). "A jury is selected for the Elizabeth Holmes trial". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  80. ^ Cohen, Miles (January 5, 2022). "Juror speaks out after convicting Elizabeth Holmes". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  81. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (January 11, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes sentencing proposed for September". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  82. ^ Paul, Kari (January 14, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes to be sentenced nine months after guilty verdict". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 3, 2022. Retrieved April 3, 2022.
  83. ^ Hamilton, Isobel Asher (January 13, 2022). "Convicted Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes will spend the summer a free woman after a judge set her sentencing for late September". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022 – via Yahoo! News.
  84. ^ Godoy, Jody (May 16, 2023). "Theranos founder Holmes loses bid to stay out of prison, hit with huge restitution bill". Yahoo! News. Reuters.
  85. ^ Liedtke, Michael (May 17, 2023). "Elizabeth Holmes will start 11-year prison sentence on May 30 after losing her bid to remain free". Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  86. ^ Paul, Kari (May 30, 2023). "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes turns herself in for 11-year prison term". The Guardian.
  87. ^ Paul, Kari (July 11, 2023). "Elizabeth Holmes' 11-year prison sentence shortened by two years". The Guardian. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  88. ^ "Elizabeth Holmes on track for early release from her 11-year prison sentence for Theranos scam". Associated Press. July 11, 2023. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  89. ^ Morrow, Allison (June 11, 2024). "Elizabeth Holmes, Silicon Valley's most famous convict, makes her long-shot appeal". CNN. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  90. ^ Estevez, Dolia (June 22, 2015). "With Carlos Slim, Billionaire Elizabeth Holmes Brings Innovative Blood Testing Method To Mexico". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  91. ^ Lev-Ram, Michal (October 12, 2015). "Theranos' Elizabeth Holmes calls on women to help each other". Fortune. Archived from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  92. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, p. 259.
  93. ^ della Cava, Marco (July 2, 2015). "Now no doctor's note needed for blood test in Arizona". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
  94. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, pp. 175, 181.
  95. ^ a b c Abelson, Reed (May 4, 2018). "Caught in the Theranos Wreckage: Betsy DeVos, Rupert Murdoch and Walmart's Waltons". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  96. ^ a b c The Dropout by ABC News on Apple Podcasts. Archived from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  97. ^ Gibney, Alex (Director) (March 18, 2019). The Inventor: Out for Blood in Silicon Valley (Motion picture). U.S.: HBO.
  98. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, pp. 174–175.
  99. ^ Reingold, Jennifer (October 15, 2015). "Theranos' board: Plenty of political connections, little relevant expertise". Fortune. Archived from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  100. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, pp. 181, 207.
  101. ^ Harris, David L.; McDermid, Riley (December 8, 2016). "Theranos' email gaffe accidentally outs investors, including Robert Kraft's company". San Francisco Business Times. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  102. ^ Three Health Care Leaders Join HMS Board of Fellows (PDF). Harvard University. Fall 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  103. ^ Kissinger, Henry A. (April 16, 2015). "The 100 Most Influential People: Elizabeth Holmes". Time. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  104. ^ Hedgecock, Sarah. "Elizabeth Holmes On Using Business To Change The World". Forbes. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  105. ^ "The World's Most Powerful Women 2015: 19 Newcomers". Forbes. 2015. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  106. ^ Fenn, Donna (October 29, 2015). "Elizabeth Holmes Wants You to Have Control of Your Health Info". Glamour Magazine. Archived from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  107. ^ "Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes Will Get to Keep Her Honorary Doctorate from Pepperdine University". BioSpace. June 4, 2016. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  108. ^ "2015 Horatio Alger Award Winner Elizabeth Holmes". Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  109. ^ "14. Elizabeth Holmes". Fortune. 2014. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  110. ^ "9. Elizabeth Holmes". Fortune. 2014. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  111. ^ Dieterich, Robert S. (September 2015). "Bloomberg Markets Most Influential". Bloomberg.
  112. ^ Chapman, Wilson (June 14, 2022). "Jared Leto Recalls Presenting Elizabeth Holmes With a Woman of the Year Award: 'I Liked Her a Lot'". Variety.
  113. ^ Tau, Byron. "Meet President Obama's Entrepreneurship Ambassadors". Wall Street Journal.
  114. ^ O'Brien, Sara Ashley (May 21, 2018). "'Bad Blood' explores the culture inside disgraced startup Theranos". CNN. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  115. ^ Abelson, Reed (December 19, 2015). "Theranos Founder Faces a Test of Technology, and Reputation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  116. ^ Richards, Harriette; Mattioli, Fabio (July 2021). "Fashioning founders: Dress and gender in the entrepreneurial ecosystem". Gender, Work & Organization. 28 (4): 1363–1378. doi:10.1111/gwao.12641. hdl:11343/265900. ISSN 0968-6673. S2CID 233974952.
  117. ^ Kolhatkar, Sheelah (December 10, 2015). "Can Elizabeth Holmes Save Her Unicorn?". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 15, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
  118. ^ Minutaglio, Rose (March 28, 2019). "Elizabeth Holmes Needed Fashion Advice. I Suggested A Black Turtleneck". Elle. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  119. ^ Carreyrou 2018a, p. 97.
  120. ^ Leskin, Paige. "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes used a deep baritone voice at almost all times, but former insiders say it was faked". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  121. ^ Savidge, Nico (June 3, 2019). "She saw through Elizabeth Holmes. Now Stanford professor is star in Theranos saga". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  122. ^ "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes' Deep Voice Isn't Fake, Family Insists". TMZ. March 21, 2019. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  123. ^ Desta, Yohana (March 21, 2019). "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes's Family Swears Her Deep Voice Is Real". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.
  124. ^ a b Chozick, Amy (May 7, 2023). "Liz Holmes Wants You to Forget About Elizabeth". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  125. ^ Dunn, Taylor; Thompson, Victoria; Jarvis, Rebecca (March 14, 2019). "When Theranos' remarkable blood-test claims began to unravel: 'The Dropout' episode 5". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2021.
  126. ^ Fernández, Alexia (March 27, 2019). "Who Is Sunny Balwani? All About Elizabeth Holmes's Ex-Boyfriend and Former Theranos President". People. Archived from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  127. ^ Pflanzer, Lydia Ramsey. "The mysterious story of former Theranos president Sunny Balwani, who was in a relationship with Elizabeth Holmes and now faces criminal charges". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  128. ^ "Keiko Fujimoto Vs. Ramesh Balwani". UniCourt. San Francisco County Superior Courts. February 14, 2002. Archived from the original on January 12, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  129. ^ O'Brien, Sara Ashley; Iyengar, Rishi (November 29, 2021). "Live updates: Elizabeth Holmes testifies in her own trial". CNN. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  130. ^ Godoy, Jody (December 1, 2021). "Theranos' Holmes cross-examined over relationship with romantic and business partner". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 1, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  131. ^ Weaver, Christopher (April 5, 2017). "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Owes About $25 Million to Blood-Testing Startup". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  132. ^ Shen, Lucinda (April 6, 2017). "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Reportedly Owes Her Startup $25 Million". Fortune. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  133. ^ Balakrishnan, Anita (April 5, 2017). "Founder Elizabeth Holmes reportedly owes Theranos about $25 million". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 9, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  134. ^ a b c Sara Ashley O'Brien (May 30, 2023). "Who Is Billy Evans, Elizabeth Holmes's Partner?". The Wall Street Journal.
  135. ^ Warren, Katie (March 29, 2019). "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes is reportedly engaged to a 27-year-old hotel heir. Here's what we know about their relationship". Business Insider. Archived from the original on April 1, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
  136. ^ Leskin, Paige. "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes reportedly got married in secret to hotel heir Billy Evans". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
  137. ^ Bonner, Mehera (June 11, 2019). "Everything You Need to Know About Elizabeth Holmes's Maybe-Husband, Billy Evans". Cosmopolitan magazine. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020.
  138. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (June 28, 2019). "Elizabeth Holmes mum on marriage as trial gets delayed". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
  139. ^ a b Dunn, Taylor; Jarvis, Rebecca; Thompson, Victoria (August 5, 2021). "Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes welcomes 1st child with partner Billy Evans ahead of criminal trial". ABC News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  140. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (October 17, 2022). "Star witness who visited Elizabeth Holmes after fraud trial says 'she needs to pay her debt to society'". CNBC. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
  141. ^ Baron, Ethan (February 24, 2023). "Elizabeth Holmes gives birth to second child while seeking to further delay imprisonment". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2023.
  142. ^ Khorram, Yasmin (September 7, 2021). "Elizabeth Holmes is living on the grounds of a $135 million Silicon Valley estate during her trial". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 2, 2023.
  143. ^ Storey, Kate; Covington, Abigail (December 8, 2022). "Sunny Bałwani Just Received a Nearly 13-Year-Long Prison Sentence". Esquire. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023.
  144. ^ Allyn, Bobby (January 24, 2022). "Police document: 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes reported sexual assault from Stanford". NPR. Archived from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  145. ^ Griffith, Erin (August 24, 2021). "They Still Live in the Shadow of Theranos's Elizabeth Holmes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  146. ^ Lyons, Margaret (March 18, 2019). "Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes: What to Read, Watch and Listen To". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  147. ^ Jaafar, Ali (June 9, 2016). "Jennifer Lawrence Boarding Adam McKay Theranos Medical Drama Project". Archived from the original on March 21, 2022. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  148. ^ Jaafar, Ali; Fleming, Mike Jr. (June 22, 2016). "'Bad Blood' Bids Mobilize for Jennifer Lawrence-Adam McKay Package: 9 Offers". Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  149. ^ McClintock, Pamela (December 7, 2021). "Adam McKay and Jennifer Lawrence's 'Bad Blood' Movie Lands at Apple Studios". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  150. ^ Jay Barmann (November 4, 2022). "Jennifer Lawrence Calls Off Long-Anticipated Elizabeth Holmes Movie". SFist. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  151. ^ Lowenstein, Roger (May 21, 2018). "'Bad Blood' Review: How One Company Scammed Silicon Valley. And How It Got Caught". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
  152. ^ McNary, Dave (June 23, 2016). "Legendary Wins Bidding War for Jennifer Lawrence Movie 'Bad Blood'". Variety. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  153. ^ "Ex-Theranos CEO says 'I don't know' 600+ times in deposition tapes". ABC News. January 24, 2019. Archived from the original on January 29, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  154. ^ Lowry, Brian (March 18, 2019). "'The Inventor' charts rise and epic fall of Theranos". CNN. Archived from the original on December 28, 2019.
  155. ^ "Elizabeth Stanley". TV Maze. Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  156. ^ Brown, Tara (August 8, 2021). "Blood Money". 60 Minutes Australia. Season 2021. Episode 25. Nine Network. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  157. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 10, 2019). "Hulu Orders 'The Dropout' Limited Series Starring Kate McKinnon As Elizabeth Holmes From Fox Searchlight TV". Deadline. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  158. ^ Otterson, Joe (March 29, 2021). "Amanda Seyfried to Play Elizabeth Holmes in Hulu Series 'The Dropout,' Taking Over From Kate McKinnon". Variety. Archived from the original on March 29, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
  159. ^ Rich, Katey (September 13, 2022). "Amanda Seyfried Triumphs at the Emmys 2022". Vanity Fair. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  160. ^ Wynne, Kelly; Vasquez, Ingrid (January 10, 2023). "Amanda Seyfried Wins Best Limited Series Actress at the 2023 Golden Globes for 'The Dropout'". People. Retrieved January 23, 2023.

Works cited

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elizabeth Holmes.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Holmes&oldid=1262326278"