User:Turgidson/sandbox

Șamșud
Șamșud
Country	Romania
Region	Sălaj County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1915
Start of development	1915
Start of production	1920
Production
Current production of gas	150×103 m3/d; 5.3×106 cu ft/d 0.05×109 m3/a (1.8×109 cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	1.5×109 m3; 52×109 cu ft

Torcești
Torcești
Country	Romania
Region	Vrancea County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Petrom
Field history
Discovery	2007
Start of development	2007
Start of production	2008
Production
Current production of oil	900 barrels per day (~45,000 t/a)
Current production of gas	130×103 m3/d; 4.6×106 cu ft/d 0.05×109 m3/a (1.8×109 cu ft/a)
Estimated oil in place	1.4 million tonnes; (~ 2×106 m3 or 10 million bbl)
Estimated gas in place	1.5×109 m3; 52×109 cu ft

Sângeorgiu de Pădure
Sângeorgiu de Pădure
Country	Romania
Region	Mureș County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1920
Start of production	1925
Production
Current production of gas	1.55×106 m3/d; 55×106 cu ft/d 0.55×109 m3/a (19×109 cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	25×109 m3; 871×109 cu ft

The Sângeorgiu de Pădure gas field natural gas field is located near Sângeorgiu de Pădure in Mureș County, Romania. It was discovered in 1920 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1925 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Sângeorgiu de Pădure gas field are around 871 billion cubic feet (25 km³), and production is slated to be around 55 million cubic feet/day (1.55×10⁶m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ Our future is carbon negative – A CCS roadmap for Romania, Bellona Foundation, June 2012, p. 19, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24208.05122

The Torcești gas field natural gas field in Torcești near Adjud in Vrancea County. It was discovered in 2007 and developed by Petrom. It began production in 2008 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Torcești gas field are around 52 billion cubic feet (1.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 4.6 million cubic feet/day (0.13×10⁵m³) in 2008.^[1]

References

^ "Raport anual Petrom 2007". Petrom. 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2010-08-15.

The Șamșud gas field is a natural gas field located in Șamșud, Sălaj County. It was discovered in 1915 and developed by and Romgaz. It began production in 1920^[1] and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Șamșud gas field are around 52 billion cubic feet (1.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 5.3 million cubic feet/day (0.67×10⁵m³) in 2010.

References

^ "Gazul natural" (PDF). BCU Cluj. 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-23.

Grădiștea
Country	Romania
Region	Vâlcea County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	2002
Start of development	2002
Start of production	2007
Production
Current production of gas	850×10^³ m³/d 30×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.3×10^⁹ m³/a (11×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	4.8×10^⁹ m³ 170×10^⁹ cu ft

The Grădiștea gas field natural gas field in Grădiștea, Vâlcea County. It was discovered in 2002 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 2007 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Grădiștea gas field are around 170 billion cubic feet (4.8 km³), and production is slated to increase from 15 million cubic feet/day (0.425×10⁵m³) in 2007 to 30 million cubic feet/day (0.85×10⁵m³).^[1]

References

^ "Grădiştea gas field" (PDF). Alpine Oil & Gas. 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-24.

South Cobălcescu
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	East Cobălcescu
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	PetroCeltic
Field history
Discovery	2013
Start of development	2015
Start of production	2018
Production
Current production of gas	5.6×10^⁶ m³/d 200×10^⁶ cu ft/d 2×10^⁹ m³/a (71×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated oil in place	27.9 million barrels (~3.81×10^⁶ t)
Estimated gas in place	11.6×10^⁹ m³ 404×10^⁹ cu ft

The South Cobălcescu gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2013 and developed by PetroCeltic. It will begin production in 2018 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the South Cobălcescu gas field are around 404 billion cubic feet (11.6 km³), and production is slated to be around 200 million cubic feet/day (5.6×10⁶m³) in 2018.^[1]

References

^ "Annual results" (PDF). PetroCeltic. 2013-04-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-05-11.

Sighişoara
Country	Romania
Region	Mureș County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz and Wintershall
Field history
Discovery	2003
Start of development	2003
Start of production	2004
Production
Current production of gas	300×10^³ m³/d 10.6×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.1×10^⁹ m³/a (3.5×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	5×10^⁹ m³ 196×10^⁹ cu ft

The Sighişoara gas field natural gas field in Sighişoara, Mureș County. It was discovered in 2003 and developed by Romgaz and Wintershall. It began production in 2004 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Sighişoara gas field are around 196 billion cubic feet (5 km³), and production is slated to be around 10.6 million cubic feet/day (0.3×10⁵m³) in 2004.^[1]^[2]

References

^ "Romgaz a depasit Petrom la furnizarea gazelor naturale". Mediauno. 2004-11-30. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
^ "Gazele naturale dupa 1990" (PDF). muzeulgazelor.ro. 2012. Retrieved 2013-05-18.

Rodbav
Country	Romania
Region	Brașov County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1935
Start of development	1935
Start of production	1938
Production
Current production of gas	300×10^³ m³/d 10×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.1×10^⁹ m³/a (3.5×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	6×10^⁹ m³ 213×10^⁹ cu ft

The Rodbav gas field is a natural gas field in Șoarș, Brașov County, Romania. It was discovered in 1935 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1938 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Rodbav gas field are around 213 billion cubic feet (6.0 km³), and production is slated to have been around 10 million cubic feet (300,000 m³) per day in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Industria de gaze naturale in perioada interbelica" (PDF). Muzeul Gazelor. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2013-04-27.

Plenița
Country	Romania
Region	Dolj County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2012
Start of development	2012
Start of production	2015
Production
Current production of gas	300×10^³ m³/d 11×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.1×10^⁹ m³/a (3.5×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	3.5×10^⁹ m³ 124×10^⁹ cu ft

The Plenița gas field is a shale gas field located in Plenița, Dolj County. It was discovered in 2012 and developed by and Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce shale gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Plenița gas field are around 124 billion cubic feet (3.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 11 million cubic feet/day (0.3×10⁵m³) in 2015.^[1]

References

^ "Global Energy Conference" (PDF). firstenergy.com. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2021. Retrieved 2013-05-13.

Nadia
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Midia
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2013
Start of development	2015
Start of production	2018
Production
Current production of gas	1.4×10^⁶ m³/d 50×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.51×10^⁹ m³/a (18×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	8.7×10^⁹ m³ 306×10^⁹ cu ft

The Nadia gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2013 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2018 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Nadia gas field are around 306 billion cubic feet (8.7 km³), and production is slated to be around 50 million cubic feet/day (1.4×10⁶m³) in 2018.^[1]

References

^ "Offshore Romania in Summary" (PDF). Sterling Resources. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-12.

Muridava
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Muridava
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	PetroCeltic
Field history
Discovery	2013
Start of development	2015
Start of production	2018
Production
Current production of gas	2.8×10^⁶ m³/d 100×10^⁶ cu ft/d 1×10^⁹ m³/a (35×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated oil in place	11.7 million barrels (~1.60×10^⁶ t)
Estimated gas in place	4.85×10^⁹ m³ 169×10^⁹ cu ft

The Muridava license block, also known as Block EX-27, is located on the continental shelf of the Romanian Black Sea. It was awarded in October 2011 to Melrose Resources, now Petroceltic International. The total estimated resources of the Muridava block are around 169 billion cubic feet (4.85 km³), and production could yield around 100 million cubic feet/day (2.8×10⁶m³).^[1]

References

^ "Annual results" (PDF). PetroCeltic. 2013-04-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-05-11.

Miorița
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Midia
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2010
Start of development	2014
Start of production	2015
Production
Estimated gas in place	3.6×10^⁹ m³ 125×10^⁹ cu ft

The Miorița gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Miorița gas field are around 125 billion cubic feet (3.6 km³), and production is slated to be around 22 million cubic feet/day (0.62×10⁶m³) in 2015.^[1]

References

^ "Offshore Romania in Summary" (PDF). Melrose Resources. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-10-03.

Mănești-Vlădeni
Country	Romania
Region	Dâmbovița County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Petrom
Field history
Discovery	1943
Start of development	1943
Start of production	1945
Production
Current production of gas	130×10^³ m³/d 4.6×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.05×10^⁹ m³/a (1.8×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	1.5×10^⁹ m³ 52×10^⁹ cu ft

The Mănești-Vlădeni gas field natural gas field in Mănești near Vlădeni in Dâmbovița County. It was discovered in 1943 and developed by Petrom. It began production in 1945 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Mănești-Vlădeni gas field are around 52 billion cubic feet (1.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 4.6 million cubic feet/day (0.13×10⁵m³) in 2008.^[1]

References

^ "Transportul gazelor naturale a inceput in perioada antica". Mediauno. 2003-07-15. Retrieved 2010-09-09.

Maria
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Midia
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2010
Start of development	2014
Start of production	2015
Production
Current production of gas	620×10^³ m³/d 22×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.22×10^⁹ m³/a (7.8×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	2.9×10^⁹ m³ 102×10^⁹ cu ft

The Maria gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2018 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Maria gas field are around 102 billion cubic feet (2.9 km³), and production is slated to be around 22 million cubic feet/day (0.62×10⁶m³) in 2018.^[1]

References

^ "ExxonMobil, OMV Acquire Offshore Romania Interest". 1derrick.com. 2012. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

Ghindăoani
Country	Romania
Region	Neamț County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Aurelian Oil & Gas
Field history
Discovery	2000
Start of development	2000
Start of production	2006
Production
Estimated gas in place	3.3×10^⁹ m³ 115×10^⁹ cu ft

The Ghindăoani gas field is a natural gas field located in Ghindăoani, Neamț County. It was discovered in 2000 and developed by and Aurelian Oil & Gas. It began production in 2006 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Ghindăoani gas field are around 115 billion cubic feet (3.3 km³), and production is slated to be around 4 million cubic feet/day (0.114×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Romanian operations" (PDF). Aurelian Oil & Gas. 2009. Retrieved 2014-10-03.

Gherăieşti
Country	Romania
Region	Bacău County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Aurelian Oil & Gas, Romgaz, Europa Oil & Gas
Field history
Discovery	2009
Start of development	2009
Start of production	2010
Production
Current production of gas	100×10^³ m³/d 3.52×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.035×10^⁹ m³/a (1.2×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	1.5×10^⁹ m³ 52×10^⁹ cu ft

The Gherăieşti gas field is a natural gas field located in Bacău, Bacău County. It was discovered in 2009 and developed by and Aurelian Oil & Gas. It began production in 2010 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Gherăieşti gas field are around 52 billion cubic feet (1.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 3.52 million cubic feet/day (0.1×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Descoperire senzaţională la Lilieci: Zăcămînt de gaz metan în coasta Bacăului". Ziarul de Bacău. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-14.

Firtuşu
Country	Romania
Region	Harghita County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1966
Start of development	1966
Start of production	1970
Production
Current production of gas	850×10^³ m³/d 30×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.36×10^⁹ m³/a (13×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	2.8×10^⁹ m³ 100×10^⁹ cu ft

The Firtuşu gas field is a natural gas field located in Lupeni, Harghita County, Romania. It was discovered in 1966 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1970 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Firtuşu gas field are around 100 billion cubic feet (2.8 km³), and production is centered on 30 million cubic feet/day (0.85×10⁵m³).^[1]

References

^ "International exploration development" (PDF). eia.doe.gov. 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-06. Retrieved 2010-09-08.

Domino
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Neptun
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Petrom, ExxonMobil
Field history
Discovery	2012
Start of development	2014
Start of production	2020
Production
Current production of gas	17.8×10^⁶ m³/d 630×10^⁶ cu ft/d 6.5×10^⁹ m³/a (230×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated oil in place	9.8 million tonnes (~ 12×10^⁶ m³ or 73 million bbl)
Estimated gas in place	84×10^⁹ m³ 2.92×10^¹² cu ft

The Domino gas field natural gas field is located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2012 and developed by Petrom and ExxonMobil. It will begin production in 2020 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Domino gas field are between 1.46 trillion cubic feet (42 km³) and 2.92 trillion cubic feet (84 km³), and production is slated to be around 630 million cubic feet/day (17.8×10⁶m³) in 2020.^[1]^[2]

References

^ "Descoperire în Marea Neagră: Zăcământ de gaze naturale echivalent cu de 3-6 ori consumul anual al României". Karadeniz Press. 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
^ "OFICIAL. Zăcământ uriaş de GAZE NATURALE în Marea Neagră". Karadeniz Press. 2013-04-05. Archived from the original on 2013-04-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25.

Dârvari
Country	Romania
Region	Mehedinți County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2012
Start of development	2012
Start of production	2015
Production
Current production of gas	300×10^³ m³/d 11×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.1×10^⁹ m³/a (3.5×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	4.2×10^⁹ m³ 148×10^⁹ cu ft

The Dârvari gas field is a shale gas field located in Dârvari, Mehedinți County. It was discovered in 2012 and developed by and Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce shale gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Dârvari gas field are around 148 billion cubic feet (4.2 km³), and production is slated to be around 11 million cubic feet/day (0.3×10⁵m³) in 2015.^[1]

References

^ "Global Energy Conference" (PDF). firstenergy.com. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2021. Retrieved 2013-05-13.

Daia
Country	Romania
Region	Mureș County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1915
Start of development	1915
Start of production	1930
Production
Current production of gas	3×10^⁶ m³/d 105×10^⁶ cu ft/d 1×10^⁹ m³/a (35×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	60×10^⁹ m³ 2.13×10^¹² cu ft

The Daia gas field is a natural gas field located in Apold, Mureș County. It was discovered in 1915 and developed by and Romgaz. It began production in 1930 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Daia gas field are around 2.13 trillion cubic feet (60 km³), and production is slated to be around 105 million cubic feet/day (3×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Industria de gaze naturale in perioada interbelica" (PDF). Muzeul Gazelor. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2013-04-27.

Clara
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Midia
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2010
Start of development	2014
Start of production	2015
Production
Current production of gas	310×10^³ m³/d 11×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.11×10^⁹ m³/a (3.9×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	2.8×10^⁹ m³ 97×10^⁹ cu ft

The Clara gas field natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Clara gas field are around 97 billion cubic feet (2.8 km³), and production is slated to be around 11 million cubic feet/day (0.31×10⁶m³) in 2015.^[1]

References

^ "Offshore Romania in Summary" (PDF). Sterling Resources. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-12.

Brădeşti
Country	Romania
Region	Harghita County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1965
Start of development	1965
Start of production	1966
Production
Current production of gas	570×10^³ m³/d 20×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.2×10^⁹ m³/a (7.1×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	2.1×10^⁹ m³ 74×10^⁹ cu ft

The Brădeşti gas field is a natural gas field located in Brădeşti, Harghita County. It was discovered in 1965 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1966 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Brădeşti gas field are around 74 billion cubic feet (2.1 km³), and production is centered on 20 million cubic feet/day (0.57×10⁵m³).^[1]

References

^ "International exploration development" (PDF). eia.doe.gov. 1995. Retrieved 2010-09-08.

Bilca
Country	Romania
Region	Suceava County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Aurelian Oil & Gas
Field history
Discovery	2000
Start of development	2000
Start of production	2006
Production
Current production of gas	100×10^³ m³/d 3.7×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.036×10^⁹ m³/a (1.3×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	3×10^⁹ m³ 107×10^⁹ cu ft

The Bilca gas field is a natural gas field located in Bilca, Suceava County. It was discovered in 2000 and developed by and Aurelian Oil & Gas. It began production in 2006 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Bilca gas field are around 107 billion cubic feet (3 km³), and production is slated to be around 3.7 million cubic feet/day (0.1×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Annual report" (PDF). Aurelian Oil & Gas. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-08-23.

Bianca
Country	Romania
Region	Black Sea
Block	Midia
Offshore/onshore	offshore
Operator	Sterling Resources
Field history
Discovery	2010
Start of development	2014
Start of production	2015
Production
Current production of gas	620×10^³ m³/d 22×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.22×10^⁹ m³/a (7.8×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	4.1×10^⁹ m³ 144×10^⁹ cu ft

The Bianca gas field is a natural gas field located on the continental shelf of the Black Sea. It was discovered in 2010 and developed by Sterling Resources. It will begin production in 2015 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Bianca gas field are around 144 billion cubic feet (4.1 km³), and production is slated to be around 22 million cubic feet/day (0.62×10⁶m³) in 2015.^[1]

References

^ "Offshore Romania in Summary" (PDF). Sterling Resources. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-12.

Berbinceni
Country	Romania
Region	Bacău County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	2008
Start of development	2008
Start of production	2008
Production
Current production of gas	200×10^³ m³/d 7×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.07×10^⁹ m³/a (2.5×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	1.5×10^⁹ m³ 53×10^⁹ cu ft

The Berbinceni gas field is a natural gas field located in Secuieni, Bacău County. It was discovered in 2008 and developed by and Romgaz. It began production in 2008 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Berbinceni gas field are around 53 billion cubic feet (1.5 km³), and production is slated to be around 7 million cubic feet/day (0.2×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

References

^ "Romgaz a descoperit un nou zacamant de gaze naturale, la Berbiceni, in Moldova". 9am.ro. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-13.

Zau de Câmpie
Zau de Câmpie
Country	Romania
Region	Mureș County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1914
Start of development	1914
Start of production	1920
Production
Current production of gas	100×10^³ m³/d 3.6×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.035×10^⁹ m³/a (1.2×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	2.47×10^⁹ m³ 87×10^⁹ cu ft

The Zau de Câmpie gas field is a natural gas field located in Zau de Câmpie, Mureș County. It was discovered in 1914, when the first gas extraction fields were created, supplying Târnăveni and Târgu Mureș with natural gas.^[1]^: 37 The Zau de Câmpie gas field was developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1920 and produces natural gas and condensates.

Framework

Romania has important quantities of methane gas reserves, especially in the Transylvanian Depression, south and north of the Mureș River, at Puini, Zau de Câmpie, Luduș, Șincai, Bazna, Nadeș, etc,^[2]^: 76 where about 75% of the 0.1×10^¹² m³ (3.5×10^¹² cu ft) of the country's natural gas reserves are located.^[3] The gas fields in Mureș County alone (the main ones being at Sărmașu, Sărmășel, Ulieș, Sânmărtin, Crăiești, Zau de Câmpie, and Luduș) provide 60% of the total extracted in Romania.^[4]^: 102 The Transylvanian Basin is the geological unit with the largest and most natural gas reserves in Romania; it is the single sediment basin in the country and among the few in the world where only gas accumulations, mainly methane, have been discovered.^[5]

In 1970, Romania ranked fourth in the world and second in Europe in the size of its natural gas deposits;^[6]^: 214 by 2016, it ranked third in Europe after the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.^[3] The United States Geological Survey's 2000 World Energy assessment ranked the Transylvanian Basin region as the 56th largest in the world (exclusive of the United States), with 0.2% of the world's oil and gas resources, based on volume of reserves plus cumulative production.^[7]

History

The gas deposits in Romania have a very long history of exploitation, almost unique at the level of Europe and among the few such old fields that are still in production in the world. The oldest deposits exploited by Romgaz are in Mureș County, where gas has been extracted since 1913.^[8] Deposits of methane gas occur in three main areas; the first are is in the northwest and includes the Sărmașel, Zau de Câmpie, and Șincai gas fields.^[6]^: 216 The North Group contains 31 gas fields located to the north of the Mureș River. These are found under the form of dome traps. Representative for this group are the Sărmașel, Grebenișu de Câmpie, Zau de Câmpie, and Țaga gas fields.^[5]

The first natural gas deposit in Romania was discovered in 1909, in Sărmașel, about 22 km (14 mi) north of Zau de Câmpie. In 1913, the first production of methane gas was recorded, of 113,000 m³ (4,000,000 cu ft), from the drilling site at the Sărmașel gas field.^[8] That year, the local Greek Catholic priest announced to the Zau de Câmpie community that they will start "to dig for gas, in the form of the one from Sărmașel," on a 2,400 m² (26,000 sq ft) plot of land belonging to the church.^[9] Besides Sărmășel and Zau de Câmpie, other gas fields developed in the area were the ones at Deleni, Nadeș, Bazna, and Șincai, followed later by those at Bogata, Ilimbav, Miercurea Nirajului, Tăuni, Teleac, and Filitelnic.^[10]

The first geological study of the Zau de Câmpie gas dome (in connection with the classification of mud volcanoes and salt mines in the Transylvanian Plain) was done by Augustin Vancea [ro] in his 1929 Ph.D. dissertation.^[11]^[12]^: 5 According to a CIA report from 1948 (quoting an article from the communist party organ Scînteia), the Zau de Câmpie gas field was under geological study since 1935, and exploration was begun in 1948, when an important deposit of gas was discovered at a depth of 633 m (2,077 ft). Concomitantly, the Ceanu Mare–Cluj pipeline was being constructed, with the Zau de Câmpie wells due to supply natural gas to the city of Cluj.^[13]^: 2

Current production and reserves

The gas produced at Zau de Câmpie and in the surrounding area is considered to be the purest one; it consists of dry gases, usually made of 99% methane, with the rest hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, and butane).^[14]^: 2^[15] It currently uses a type C 25.1 Thomassen compressor unit to compress the gas extracted in the field.^[16]

In 2009, the total proven reserves of the Zau de Câmpie gas field were around 416 billion cubic feet (12 km³), and production was slated to be around 3.6 million cubic feet/day (0.1×10⁵ m³) in 2010.^[17] By January 2017, there were 62 active drilling rigs at the site; the reserves of the Zau de Câmpie–Șăulia gas field were estimated at 2.47×10^⁹ m³ (87×10^⁹ cu ft), and were slated to be depleted by 2029.^[18] In July 2018, the Romanian Agency for Mineral Resources [ro] announced that the Romgaz lease of the gas field has been extended until 2027.^[19]^[20]

References

^ Tofan, George-Bogdan; Niță, Adrian (June 2018). "Industrial activities in Mureș County" (PDF). Analele Universității din Oradea, Seria Geografie. XXVIII (1): 36–53.
^ Berekmeri, Maria-Erzsebet (2006). "Built infrastructure disparities in Romania" (PDF). Romanian Review of Regional Studies. 2 (2): 74–80.
^ ^a ^b "Top 10 câmpuri petrolifere și gazeifere cu cea mai mare producție din România". www.economica.net (in Romanian). March 15, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
^ Pop, Andreea (2011). "The impact of the territory's public infrastructural level on the organization of the territory in the Reghin micro-region" (PDF). Geographica Timisiensis. 20 (2): 99–112.
^ ^a ^b Avram, Lazăr; Lupu, Diana-Andreea (2019). "The energy potential of natural gas fields from Transylvanian Basin – Current and future trends". Emerg. 5 (9): 156–162. doi:10.37410/EMERG.2019.12.09. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Carter, F. W. (April 1970). "Natural gas in Romania". Geography. 55 (2). Taylor & Francis: 214–220.
^ Pawlewicz, Mark (2005), "Transylvanian Composite Total Petroleum System of the Transylvanian Basin Province, Romania, Eastern Europe" (PDF), pubs.usgs.gov, United States Geological Survey, p. 2
^ ^a ^b Benea, Ionuț (December 28, 2022). "De ce a scăzut producția de gaze în 2022 și cât de vechi sunt zăcămintele exploatate de România" [Why gas production decreased in 2022 and how old are the fields exploited by Romania]. romania.europalibera.org (in Romanian). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
^ "Atestare istorică". zaudecimpie.ro (in Romanian). Zau de Câmpie town hall. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
^ Velcea, Ion (1975). Geografia economică a R. S. România (in Romanian). University of Bucharest. p. 39. OCLC 254706929.
^ Vancea, Augustin (1929). Observațiuni geologice în regiunea de sud-west a Câmpiei Ardelene: cu o privire generală asupra geologiei Basinului Transilvaniei și cu descrierea specială a domului de gaz natural de la Zaul de Câmpie (Moinești) [Geological observations in the south-west region of the Transylvanian Plain: with a general look at the geology of the Transylvanian Basin and with a special description of the natural gas dome from Zaul de Câmpie (Moinești)] (PhD thesis) (in Romanian). Mediaș. 67 pages, 54 annexes.
^ Spulber, Liana (2010). Emisii geogene de metan în Transilvania și implicațiile lor asupra mediului înconjurător [Geogenic methane emissions in Transylvania and their implications on the environment] (PhD thesis) (in Romanian). Cluj-Napoca: Babeș-Bolyai University. 45 pages.
^ "Rumania. Economic – Fuel and power" (PDF), www.cia.gov, Central Intelligence Agency, pp. 1–4, November 1948, retrieved January 21, 2024
^ Crețu, Simeon. ""Centru" Region Natural and Antropic Potential – Development Prospects" (PDF). shs.hal.science. Agency for Regional Development – Centru. pp. 1–10. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
^ Muntean, Valerica Doina (July 2012), "Renewable resource potential in Transylvania region", Calitatea: Acces la Success, 13 (3), Bucharest: 365–373
^ "Societatea Națională de Gaze Naturale Romgaz S.A. Suc. Tg. Mureș achiziționează servicii mentenanță variatoare de frecvență VSDS". ebuget.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved January 21, 2024.
^ "Gazul natural" (PDF). BCU Cluj. 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-23.
^ "Date privind dezvoltarea si exploatarea in perimetrul Zau de Câmpie–Șăulia, jud. Mureș" (PDF). sgg.gov.ro (in Romanian). Government of Romania. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
^ "Guvernul prelungește până în 2027 acordul pentru perimetrul de gaze de la Zau de Câmpie concesionat de Romgaz" [The government extends until 2027 the agreement for the gas perimeter at Zau de Câmpie concessioned by Romgaz]. Punctul (in Romanian). June 28, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
^ "Romgaz a cerut prelungirea acordurilor pentru exploatarea a patru perimetre de gaze naturale din județul Mureș". MS News (in Romanian). July 1, 2018. Retrieved January 7, 2024.

Târnăveni
Country	Romania
Region	Mureș County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Romgaz
Field history
Discovery	1950
Start of production	1955
Production
Current production of gas	1.55×10^⁶ m³/d 55×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.55×10^⁹ m³/a (19×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	12×10^⁹ m³ 418×10^⁹ cu ft

The Târnăveni gas field natural gas field is located near the city of Târnăveni in Mureș County. It was discovered in 1950 and developed by Romgaz. It began production in 1955 and produces natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Târnăveni gas field are around 418 billion cubic feet (12 km³) and production is slated to be around 55 million cubic feet/day (1.55×10⁵m³) in 2010.^[1]

The first derrick used to extract gas at Târnăveni was located in the village of Botorca^[2] (now part of the city). In 1922, hydrogen was produced for the first time in Romania at the Nitrogen Plant in Târnăveni, using water and natural gas.^[3]^[4]

According to a CIA report from September 1950, the Târnăveni gas field supplied natural gas to the Târnăveni Nitrogen Plant, the oldest and largest chemical factory in Romania. The plant was the first large installation in Romania that used natural gas to derive its necessary energy. The gas pipeline is 25 km (16 mi) long and comes from the gas field, which is located south of the city.^[5] In a report from a week later, the CIA noted that a gas pipeline from Târnăveni to Kiev had been constructed.^[6]

References

^ Our future is carbon negative – A CCS roadmap for Romania, Bellona Foundation, June 2012, p. 19, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24208.05122
^ "Sonda de gaz de la Botorca". www.tirnaveni.ro. August 28, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
^ Chisăliță, Dumitru (July 8, 2023). "100 de ani de la prima producție de hidrogen în România și 85 de ani de la producerea în premieră mondială a amoniacului, ambele la Târnăveni". asociatiaenergiainteligenta.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved January 26, 2024.
^ Pal, Sorin (2022). "90 de ani de la cel mai mare incendiu din istoria României. A avut loc la Sonda 5 Copşa Mică, ce exploata gaze naturale". Sibiu 100 (in Romanian). Retrieved January 26, 2024.
^ "The Nitrogen Chemical Factory in Târnăveni" (PDF), www.cia.gov, Central Intelligence Agency, September 12, 1950, retrieved January 26, 2024
^ "Reported Construction of New Oil and Natural Gas Pipeline from Rumania to USSR" (PDF), www.cia.gov, Central Intelligence Agency, September 20, 1950, retrieved January 28, 2024

Bobocu
Country	Romania
Region	Buzău County
Offshore/onshore	onshore
Operator	Blueray Energies
Field history
Discovery	1966
Start of development	2010
Start of production	2011
Production
Current production of gas	710×10^³ m³/d 25×10^⁶ cu ft/d 0.25×10^⁹ m³/a (8.8×10^⁹ cu ft/a)
Estimated gas in place	4.2×10^⁹ m³ 147×10^⁹ cu ft

The Bobocu gas field is a natural gas field in Bobocu village, Cochirleanca Commune, Buzău County. It was discovered in 1966 and first developed by Romgaz, the Romanian national gas company, but was abandoned in 1995 due to a sand influx in well boreholes. The field was acquired by Zeta Petroleum in 1998. It will begin production in 2011 and will produce natural gas and condensates. The total proven reserves of the Bobocu gas field are around 147 billion cubic feet (4.2 km³), and production is slated to be around 25 million cubic feet/day (0.71×10⁵m³) in 2011.^[1]^[2]^[3]

In 2012, Zeta Petroleum spudded the first well at the Bobocu gas field, with a targeted depth of 2,700 m (8,900 ft). The well lies in a crestal location at the center of the concession and is targeting two delta lobes in the Pontian interval that were earlier identified through amplitude variations in the 3D seismic survey.^[4] In 2016, the company decided to give up on its holdings at Bobocu.^[5]

In 2020, the license to exploit the gas perimeter from Bobocu was bought by the Dutch company Lalea Energy. It subsequently re-entered the portfolio of the Canadian firm Claren Energy, and then was sold to Blueray Energies Romania.^[6]^[7]

References

^ "Bobocy Licence". Zeta Petroleum. 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
^ "Buzăul stă pe o comoară de gaze naturale! Abandonată de români acum zece ani, va fi acum exploatată de o firmă străină". Adevărul (in Romanian). March 30, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ "Rezerve de gaze și petrol descoperite la Bobocu și Jimbolia". Curentul (in Romanian). March 29, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ "Zeta Petroleum spuds first Bobocu well of Romanian gas field". www.nsenergybusiness.com. July 24, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ Vioreanu, Valentin (January 27, 2016). "Zeta Petroleum vrea să renunțe la cele trei perimetre petrolifere pe care le deține în România". Capital (in Romanian). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ Dragu, Florentina (December 5, 2022). "Tranzacție: Canadienii de la Claren Energy au vândut, din nou, drepturile de exploatare pentru perimetrul de gaze de la Bobocu". www.profit.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved January 29, 2024.
^ Tudor, Andreea (December 6, 2022). "Ping-pong cu zăcământul de gaze de la Boboc". opiniabuzau.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved January 29, 2024.

[Bellona-1] Our future is carbon negative – A CCS roadmap for Romania, Bellona Foundation, June 2012, p. 19, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.24208.05122

[2] "Raport anual Petrom 2007". Petrom. 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2010-08-15.

[3] "Gazul natural" (PDF). BCU Cluj. 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-23.

[4] "Grădiştea gas field" (PDF). Alpine Oil & Gas. 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-24.

[5] "Annual results" (PDF). PetroCeltic. 2013-04-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-05-11.

[6] "Romgaz a depasit Petrom la furnizarea gazelor naturale". Mediauno. 2004-11-30. Retrieved 2010-08-15.

[7] "Gazele naturale dupa 1990" (PDF). muzeulgazelor.ro. 2012. Retrieved 2013-05-18.

[8] "Industria de gaze naturale in perioada interbelica" (PDF). Muzeul Gazelor. 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2013-04-27.

[9] "Global Energy Conference" (PDF). firstenergy.com. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2021. Retrieved 2013-05-13.

[10] "Offshore Romania in Summary" (PDF). Sterling Resources. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-12.

[11] "Annual results" (PDF). PetroCeltic. 2013-04-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2013-05-11.

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