User:TheDarkEnigma2/List of constructed international auxiliary languages
Here is a list of constructed international auxiliary languages (constructed IALs, international auxlangs or worldlangs).
This list includes constructed languages (conlangs) that have been created to serve as international auxiliary languages, intended to be common second languages for people from different cultures, regions and linguistic groups to be able to communicate with each other.
Pretty much all IALs have never reached their intended goal of being global lingua francas, instead having a small dedicated community of speakers although often still having an international presence and sometimes a culture of their own.
This list does not include natural languages that have become, currently or historically, de facto world languages (such as English, French and Koiné Greek), natural pidgin languages (such as Mediterranean Lingua Franca and International Sign), constructed auxiliary languages that are only intended to be a common language for a specific region or language family (zonal auxiliary languages, such as Interslavic and Neolatino), and other constructed languages that were not explicitly intended by their creator(s) to be real-world auxiliary languages (such as Lojban, Toki Pona, Quenya and Klingon).
Although this list does include controlled natural languages such as Latino sine flexione and Basic English, as long as they are intended to be international auxlangs by their creators.
Note that number of total speakers can vary between different sources and may not be accurate. Often, the criteria on who counts as a speaker can be different (i.e. number of fluent speakers vs. number people who can at least read and understand the language even at an elementary level). The true number of speakers may also change over time, as interest in a particular language can change.
List
edit| Language | Year created | Creator | Source languages | Script | No. of estimated total speakers | Main website(s) | Wiki link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esperanto | 1887 | L. L. Zamenhof | chiefly English, French, German, Yiddish, Polish, Russian and Latin, with minor influence from Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Greek, Swedish and Lithuanian. (see Esperanto etymology) | Latin, although Cyrillic and Shavian have been adapted to it. | 31,000-183,000 (2016)[1] | Esperanto.net UEA.org lernu.net |
link |
| Mundolinco | 1888 | J. Braakman | One of the earliest Esperantidoj. Adds more Latin/Romance roots. | Latin | No data | ||
| Reformed Esperanto | 1894 | L. L. Zamenhof | Esperantido and largely unsuccessful reform by the creator of Esperanto himself, although it formed the basis of Ido. | Latin | No data | Wordpress Google Sites |
|
| Ido | 1907 | Louis Couturat, Louis de Beaufront | Based on Reformed Esperanto, and the most successful Esperantido. Influenced more by French and Italian, it is more naturalistic and closer to the Romance languages than Esperanto. | Latin | 2,000-5,000 (2011 or before)[2] | ido.li en.ido.li Ido Linguo UK |
link |
| Adjuvilo | 1910 | Claudius Colas | Esperantido intended to cause dissent in the Ido movement instead of an actual reform. | Latin | No data | ||
| Universal | 1923 | G. I. Muravskin, L. I. Vasilevskij | Esperantido | Latin | No data | ||
| Esperanto II | 1937 | René de Saussure | Esperantido | Latin | No data | ||
| Arcaicam Esperantom | 1969 | Manuel Halvelik | Esperantido; minor tweak intended to make a more 'archaic' form of Esperanto. | Latin | No data | ||
| Interlingua (IALA) | 1951 | Alexander Gode, IALA | English, French, Spanish/Portuguese (considered one language) and Italian, with German and Russian as secondary source languages; mostly Romance vocabulary (most words must have cognates in at least three of the primary source languages).[3] Any grammatical features not present in primary source languages are not used in Interlingua; aims to be as close to being a Standard Average European language. | Latin | 1,500-2,000 (2000)[citation needed] | UMI A Grammar of Interlingua |
link |
| Interlingue/Occidental | 1922 | Edgar de Wahl | Germanic substrate and grammar with mostly Romance/international scientific vocabulary; word formation done is via de Wahl's rule. | Latin | 40-50[citation needed] | Occidental | link |
| Volapük | 1879 | J. Martin Schleyer | The original form is largely based on English, with some German and French. Words have been reduced and distorted significantly from their source. | Latin | 20-30 (2000)[4] | Volapük.com | link |
| Globasa | 2019 | Hector Ortega | Swahili, Dravidian, Germanic, Indic, Iranian, Malayo-Polynesian, Romance, Semitic, Slavic, Turkic and East Asian languages[5] | Latin | No data | Globasa.net | link |
| Lingwa de planeta (Lidepla) | 2010 | Dimitri Ivanov, Anastasia Lysenko, et al. | Arabic, Mandarin, English, French, German, Hindi, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish | Latin | >25 (2012)[6] | Lingwa de Planeta Lidepla Google Site |
link |
| Lingua Franca Nova (Elefen) | 1998 | C. George Boeree | French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan, as a modern recreation of Mediterranean Lingua Franca. Grammar influenced by creole and pidgin languages making it very simple. | Latin | No data | Elefen | link |
| Pandunia | 2007 | Risto Kupsala | English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Russian, Farsi, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Mandarin, Cantonese, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese, Malay, Turkish, Arabic, Swahili, Hausa, Fula.[7] | Latin | No data | Pandunia.info | link |
| Kokanu | 2020 | Shevek Urrasti | An expansion of Toki Pona, originally named Toki Ma. | Latin, Likanu[8] | No data | Kokanu (archive) | |
| Sambahsa-Mudialect | 2007 | Olivier Simon | Based on reconstructed Proto-Indo-European; includes some words from other language families. | Latin | No data | Sambahsa-mundialect Wiki | link |
| Kotava | 1978 | Staren Fetcey | a priori | Latin | No data | Kotava | link |
| Novial | 1928 | Otto Jespersen | Romance and Germanic vocabulary, with an analytic-style grammar based on English; also influenced by other IALs of the time. | Latin | No data | Novial '98 | link |
| Lugamun | 2022 | Christian Si | Arabic, English, French, Hindustani, Malay, Japanese, Mandarin, Russian, Spanish, Swahili[9][10] | Latin | No data | Lugamun Wiki | |
| Kah | 2012 | Yauh | a priori | Latin | No data | Kwesho.com | |
| Neo Patwa | 2005 | Jens Wilkinson | English, Chinese, Hindi, Swahili, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Indonesian, Korean, Japanese, etc. | Latin | No data | Neo Patwa | |
| Interglossa | 1943 | Lancelot Hogben | International scientific vocabulary (Greek and Latin); isolating grammar. | Latin | No data | Interglossa and Glosa | |
| Glosa | 1978 | Ronald Clark, Wendy Ashby | based on Interglossa | Latin | <100 | Glosa.org Learn Glosa Interglossa and Glosa |
link |
| Latino sine flexione | 1903 | Giuseppe Peano | Grammatically simplified form of Neo-Latin. Removing the heavy inflections of Latin into a more analytic form closer to modern Romance languages. | Latin | No data | Instituto pro LSF | link |
| Neo | 1961 | Arturo Alfandari | French, English, Russian and German; combines features of Esperanto, Ido, Novial and Volapük. | Latin | No data | Neo | link |
| Idiom Neutral | 1902 | Waldemar Rosenberger | A heavily revised form of Volapük (a Volapükido), words are modified to resemble more closely to their source languages and grammar unfamiliar to European languages was removed. A further revision was published in 1912. | Latin | No data | Neutralia | link |
| Nal Bino | 1886 | Sébastian Verheggen | Volapükido | Latin | No data | ||
| Intal | 1956 | Erich Weferling | Developed as a compromise between Esperanto, Ido, Occidental-Interlingue, Neo and Novial. | Latin | No data | link | |
| Pasilingua | 1885 | Paul Steiner | English, French and German | Latin | No data | ||
| Uropi | 1990s | Joël Landais | Indo-European languages | Latin | No data | Official site Blog |
|
| Mondial | 1940s | Helge Heimer | Appears to be Romance-based with Esperanto-like inflections. | Latin | No data | Yo parla Mondial Google Books |
|
| Sona | 1935 | Kenneth Searight | English, Arabic, Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, etc. | Latin | No data | ||
| Unish | 1996 | Sejong University | Esperanto, English, Spanish, Portuguese,Italian, French, German, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Greek, Latin, Chinese, Korean, Japanese | Latin | No data | Unish official site | |
| Lingua sistemfrater | 1957 | Phạm Xuân Thái | Greek language and Latin vocabulary with Asiatic grammar | Latin | No data | ||
| Bolak | 1899 | Léon Bollack | partially a priori, with Romance and Germanic vocabulary | Latin with Cyrilic letter che (Ч) | No data | ||
| Mirad | 1966 | Noubar Agopoff | a priori; used to be named Unilingua | Latin | No data | Wikibook Grammar | |
| Basic English | 1930 | Charles Kay Ogden | Controlled subset of English, uses 850 words. (BE 850) | Latin | No data | Ogden's Basic English | link |
| Globish (Nerrière) | 2004 | Jean-Paul Nerrière | Controlled subset of English, limits to using 1,500 words from the English language and simplifies the grammar. (BE 1500) | Latin | No data | Globish.com | link |
| Globish (Gogate) | 1998 | Madhukar Gogate | Spelling reform of English, primarily for use as a lingua franca in India and was submitted to the English Spelling Society. | Latin | No data | M. N. Gogate's blog | |
| Eurolengo | 1972 | Leslie Jones | English and Spanish | Latin | No data | ||
| Babm | 1962 | Fuishiki Okamoto | a priori | Latin | No data | ||
| Solresol | 1827 | François Sudre | Musical a priori language; uses the seven pitches on the C major/A minor key, usually written and pronounced in speech as solfège syllables. | No data | Sidosi | link | |
| Blissymbols | 1949 | Charles K. Bliss | Purely ideographic language; does not have a spoken form. Often used as an communication aid for those with disabilities. | Blissymbols (ideograms) | No data | BCI Blissymbol Communication UK |
|
| Poliespo | 1990s | Billy Ray Waldon | Esperanto, English, Spanish, Cherokee | Latin | No data | La Fundamento de Poliespo | |
| Ceqli | 1996 | Rex F. May | Originally based on Loglan, now also based on several natural languages and Esperanto. | Latin | No data | Ceqli | |
| Universalglot | 1868 | Jean Pirro | Germanic and Romance languages | Latin with Greek letter sigma (Σ) | No data | ||
| Communicationssprache | 1836 | Joseph Schipfer | French with influences of German and English | Latin | No data | ||
| Langue nouvelle | 1765 | J. Faiguet de Villeneuve | appears to have been based on French and Latin | Latin | No data | ||
| Ro | 1906 | Edward P. Foster | a priori | Latin | No data |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ https://svendvnielsen.wordpress.com/2016/12/10/percountry-rates-of-esperanto-speakers/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110506175030/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ido.htm
- ^ https://www.interlingua.com/historia/publicationes/standardisation.htm
- ^ https://www.villagevoice.com/pk-memory/
- ^ https://www.globasa.net/eng/max/gidane-principi
- ^ http://journal.spbu.ru/?p=8660
- ^ https://www.pandunia.info/eng/I01_ration.html
- ^ http://takokanu.win/en/docs/likanu
- ^ https://www.lugamun.org/en/background/source_languages
- ^ https://www.reddit.com/r/auxlangs/comments/qkig8u/a_website_for_lugamun/