Funding
edit- Collegiate Network
- Institute for Educational Affairs, founded 1978 by former Treasury Secretary, William E. Simon
- Byrne, Trapper (April 11, 1983). "Bid to Reach Out to Campus Conservatives". Berkeley Gazette, The. Vol. 106, no. 204. Berkeley, California. pp. 1–2. Retrieved April 19, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. LCCN sn93050936 (publication), OCLC 27723847 (all editions) (publication).
Conservative groups at Dartmouth in 1983
edit- Dartmouth Conservative Union
- Young America's Foundation
- The Dartmouth Committee for Intellectual Alternatives, founded around 1971 with the help of Jeffrey Hart
- The Dartmouth Review
CN member publications
edit- The Brown Spectator, Brown University
- California Patriot, University of California, Berkeley
- Carolina Review, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- The Centurion, Rutgers University
- The Clock Tower Courier, Saint Louis University
- The Cornell Review, Cornell University
- The Dartmouth Review, Dartmouth College
- The Harvard Ichthus, Harvard University
- The Harvard Salient, Harvard University
- The Kenyon Observer, Kenyon College
- The Michigan Review, University of Michigan
- The UPenn Statesman, University of Pennsylvania
- The Prince Arthur Herald, McGill University
- Princeton Tory, Princeton University
- The Stanford Review, Stanford University
- Texas Review of Law and Politics, University of Texas at Austin
- The Villanova Times, Villanova University
- The Virginia Informer, College of William & Mary
- The Tower, Trinity University
- The Irish Rover
Dartmouth Review v. Dartmouth College
editThe Review had the support of Morton Halperin of the ACLU and many prominent conservatives, including Sens. Gordon Humphrey (R-NH) and Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), former Treasury Secretary William E. Simon and outgoing Rep. Jack Kemp (R-NY).[1]
Conservative student newspapers
edit- California Review, founded 1988, University of California at San Diego (non-affiliated)
- Princeton Sentinel, founded by Robert K. Kelner, who, among other things, was known as Flynn's ex-lawyer who testified at one of Flynn's hearings in 2019.
Attacks by the Dartmouth Review
editPart One
Beginning in 1983, The Dartmouth Review – an arch-conservative publication[2] not affiliated with Dartmouth College but operated by students – ran a series of antagonistic articles that harshly ridiculed Cole, personally and professionally. Laura Ingraham, then a student, authored the first one in January 1983.[3][4][5][3] Dinesh D'Souza, then a student, was the paper's chairman; Edmond William Cattan, Jr., was editor-in-chief.[6] After two local newspapers cited the Review and declared Cole "incompetent", Cole sued the Review for slander.[4] Also, Cole, in April 1983, filed a libel suit in Burlington's U.S. District Court for $600,000 against the publisher (Hanover Review, Inc.), D'Souza, Cattan, and Ingraham – but later dropped that suit.[7][5] The slander case was settled out of court after two years without the Review admitting guilt or providing any monetary compensation, but both the Review's and Cole's reputations were damaged.[8]
New: April 19, 2021
- Esi Eggleston Bracey ('91), a black student who witnessed the confrontation told PBS Frontline, "That moment let me know that there are people in the world who hate you just because of your color. Not dislike you, or choose not to be friends with you, but hate you".[9]
Ingraham was a sophomore when she wrote the article.link
Michael Collette was editor-in-chief in April 1984, when the Review was awaiting a decision from the U.S. District Court in Vermont.[10] The Review had written that Cole told his class, "Read little, think deeply – and much."
As for Cole's teaching style ... a generation earlier, Percy Grainger, an eccentric albeit beloved Australian-American composer, was, according to ?????:
- "The most enthusiastic interpreter of primitive life could hardly do greater justice than Grainger to the superior possibility of individual participation in art among primitive communities than in our own. He says:"
- "With regard to Music, our Western civilization produces, broadly speaking, two main types of educated men. On the one hand, the professional musician or leisured amateur-enthusiast who spend the bulk of his waking hours making music, and on the other hand, all those many millions of men and women whose lives are far too overworked and arduous, or too completely immersed in the ambitions and labyrinths of our material civilization, to be able to devote any reasonable proportion of their time to music or artistic expression of any kind at all."
- Sapir, Edward (October–December 1916). "Discussion and Correspondence – Percy Grainger and Primitive Music". American Anthropologist. New Series. 18 (4): 592–597. doi:10.1525/aa.1916.18.4.02a00210. JSTOR 660136.
- "Dartmouth Editors Await Decision on Libel Suit". Libel. Student Press Law Center Report. Vol. 5, no. 2. Washington, D.C.: Student Press Law Center. Spring 1984. p. 2. Retrieved April 19, 2021 – via ISSUU.
- Collette, Mike (June 2, 2020). "Some Heartfelt Personal Thoughts on George Floyd". LinkedIn. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
- Frontline; Woodruff, Judy (narrator) (May 10, 1988). "Racism 101". ©WGBH Educational Foundation (a Thomas Lennon production for Frontline). PBS. Written and produced by Thomas Lennon; co-produced and directed by Orlando Bagwell. Season 1988: Episode 12.
{{cite book}}
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(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 23351912.
Part Two
In 1988, four students who were Review journalists – John William Quilhot (with a camera), John Henby Sutter (with a tape recorder), Christopher Baldwin (with a printout of the Review's editorial policy statement), and Sean Nolan – all white, showed up to Cole's classroom, after class, to give Cole a copy of the editorial policy and demand an apology for his remarks during the second of two phone calls made in an attempt to give him an opportunity to reply to the article, "Dartmouth's Dynamic Duo of Mediocrity", of February 24, 1988. The confrontation grew into an altercation, for about five minutes, during which Quilhot was taking photos. Cole grabbed Quilhot's arm, which, among other things, resulted in damaging the camera flash.[11] Dartmouth College charged all four with harassment and disorderly conduct, and suspended the first three – Quilhot until fall 1988 (two quarters), Sutter until fall 1989 (four quarters), and Baldwin until fall 1989 (four quarters). Nolan was placed on disciplinary probation for four quarters.[11] A lawsuit, in Federal Court, against the college, filed in 1989 by the Review, ensued. On January 3, 1989, the Grafton County Superior Court, in state court parallel litigation, revoked the suspensions of Sutter and Baldwin. The Federal Court later dismissed the suit against Dartmouth College.[12]
When 60 Minutes aired a segment about the lawsuit November 13, 1988, Morley Safer, the host, left out the Review's political connections.[13] Quilhot was invited by then Senator Dan Quayle to spend his summer suspension as an unpaid volunteer in his Washington office.[14]
Prologue
The Review, founded in 1980, had been part of a movement to agitate Dartmouth's academic programs in non-Eurocentric disciplines, including Women's Studies, African-American Studies, ethnomusicology, and the like (see Eurocentrism). In doing so, the Review had published provocative criticism of its interpretation of political correctness on subjects ranging from Apartheid in South Africa to sexual orientation to race. William F. Buckley, Jr., and his publication, the National Review, supported the Review with (i) funding and (ii), from 1982 to 1998, more than two dozen editorials by authors that included Ingraham, Jeffrey Hart (Dartmouth faculty member whose son, Benjamin, had been an editor for the Review), and David Boaz.
Epilogue
In August 1990 – after sixteen years at Dartmouth with tenure, under duress of seven years of repeated attacks by the Review – Cole resigned.[5][15] "I was totally blackballed."[4] A year later, as a guest lecturer in Bill Dixon's class at Bennington College, Cole reflected on the cost of success in a White world: "I was taught all my life that if you get an education, things will open up. But what I learned is if you want to help your own people, it won't open up." "You have to sell yourself out enough so when you look in the mirror in the morning, you don't know who that is".[16][15]
See
editBibliography
editAnnotations
editNotes
edit- ^ Rice Thresher, December 2, 1988.
- ^ Casey, February 26, 1989. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCasey,_February_26,1989 (help)
- ^ a b Ingraham.
- ^ a b c Ho, 2008.
- ^ a b c New York Times, August 22, 1990. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFNew_York_Times,_August_22,1990 (help)
- ^ Farnsworth, April 18, 1983.
- ^ Associated Press, May 30, 1985.
- ^ Gardner, 2004.
- ^ Wiener Jon, February 27, 1989.
- ^ SPLC Report, Spring 1984.
- ^ a b Reidinger, February 1990. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFReidinger,_February1990 (help)
- ^ Selya, 1989.
- ^ 60 Minutes, November 13, 1988.
- ^ Cole, Malvine, January 3, 1989.
- ^ a b Sullivan, August 21, 1990.
- ^ Crabtree, October 31, 1991.
References
edit- Marquis Who's Who (n.d.). Cole, William Shadrack. OCLC 4780345346.
- Egginton, William Everett, PhD (September 1, 2018). "Campus Culture Wars and the Future of American Community" (essay). Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via BLARB – Blog of The Los Angeles Review of Books.
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- Henderson, Betsy (March 10, 1988). "Dartmouth Disciplines 4 Students for Harassing Black Professor". Associated Press. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
- Wilson, Deirdre (March 25, 1986). "Ten Conservative Dartmouth College Students Made an Emotional Plea ... ". UPI. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
- Blau, Robert J. (born 1959) (April 3, 1988). "Student Editor's Fate Poses Tough Question". Chicago Tribune.
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- Dartmouth College Commencement Exercises. June 9, 1991. Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via Squarespace.
- Lord, Tom, ed. (n.d.). "Bill Cole". The Jazz Discography Online (musician ID 29474). Chilliwack, British Columbia: Lord Music Reference Inc. Retrieved April 12, 2021. OCLC 182585494, 690104143.
- "Marriage Vows Were Exrhanged in Heinz Memorial Chapel ... " (PDF). Hillside Times, The (title is opening sentence; no headline). Vol. 42, no. 40. July 27, 1967. p. 5. Retrieved April 11, 2021 – via DigiFind-IT (digifind-it
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- Contemporary Authors (1981). "Cole, William Shadrack". A bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields. Vol. 101. Detroit: Gale Research International, Limited. p. 120.
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- Rooks, Noliwe Makada, PhD (February 10, 2006). "The Beginnings of Black Studies". Chronicle of Higher Education – The Chronicle Review. Vol. 52, no. 23. pp. B8–B9. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
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- Associated Press (May 30, 1985). "Dartmouth Professor Drops Libel Suit Against Student Paper". Retrieved April 1, 2021 (Laura Ingraham, author, quoted a student's description of Professor Cole as a ″lean, scruffy fellow″ who ″looks like a used Brillo pad.″ "The Review makes no secret of its opposition to many blacks present at Dartmouth.″ – U.S. Magistrate Judge Jerome Niedermeier, U.S. District Court for the District of Vermont, October 1984)
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- Heffernan, Dani, Senior Media Strategist at GLAAD (August 7, 2014). "Fox News' Laura Ingraham Calls Transition-Related Healthcare for Transgender Youth 'Child Abuse'" (blog). GLAAD. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
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- Boston Globe, The; Milne, John Kelso (1945–2019) (May 4, 1988). "Dartmouth Students Rally Against Racism – Off-Campus Publication Is Criticized". Vol. 233, no. 64. p. 28. Retrieved April 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com ("The Dartmouth Review is the epitome of anti-intellectualism, made even more insulting by racists and sexists attitudes.″ – Professor Jon Appleton)
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- Panero, James (February 1, 2006). "Bill Cole's Song & Dance Routine". The New Criterion. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
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- Valley News; Doyle-Burr, Nora. "Letter Calls for Dartmouth to Distance Itself From Conservative Student Newspaper". Education. West Lebanon, New Hampshire. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- Ingraham, Laura (October 24, 1984). "Bill Cole's Song and Dance". The Dartmouth Review.
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- Note: The Dartmouth Review is not affiliated with Dartmouth College. The article was republished in the 35th Anniversary Issue of The Dartmouth Review. Vol. 36, no. 3 (May 9, 2016). p. 8 → link → via Issuu. Retrieved April 5, 2021. (original published January 1983, according to the AP)
- Pasley, James (March 21, 2020). "The Life of Laura Ingraham: How a Young Conservative Became a National Figure, Then a Fox News Firebrand". Business Insider. New York. Retrieved April 5, 2021 (James Pasley, based in New Zealand, is a freelance news reporter for Business Insider.)
{{cite news}}
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- D'Souza, Dinesh (2009) [2002; 2005]. "Pig Wrestling at Dartmouth" (Chapter 4). Letters to a Young Conservative. Basic Books. pp. 23–34. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 2002-8679, ISBN 0-4650-1733-9 (hardcover; 2002), ISBN 0-4650-1734-7 (paperback; 2005), OCLC 722473441 (all editions).
- Panero, James; Beck, Stefan. The Dartmouth Review Pleads Innocent: Twenty-Five Years of Being Threatened, Impugned, Vandalized, Sued, Suspended, and Bitten at the Ivy League's Most Controversial Conservative Newspaper. ISI Books. ISBN 1-9322-3693-7, 978-1-9322-3693-4OCLC 607740977 (all editions).
- Gardner, Howard (September 2008). "James O. Freedman 21 September 1935 – 21 March 2006". "The Dartmouth Review", p. 404. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 152 (3). American Philosophical Society: 401–408. JSTOR 40541595. Retrieved April 6, 2021. ISSN 0003-049X (publication), OCLC 1026682663 (article), OCLC 423217631 (all editions), (article) OCLC 5546710491 (article).
- Reidinger, Paul A. (born 1959) (February 1990). "Trends in the Law – Sue U. – From Classroom to Courtroom". "Dartmouth Reviewed", pp. 82, 83. ABA Journal. 76 (2). American Bar Association: 82, 84–86. JSTOR 20760893. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via Google Books (Paul Reidinger, a writer from North California, is a lawyer and was an assistant editor for, and frequent contributor to, the ABA Journal.)
{{cite journal}}
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- Brosio, Richard Anthony, PhD (1938–2016) (1994). "Chapter Eight: Recent Attempts to Strengthen the Capitalist Imperative Upon Schools in the United States". A Radical Democratic Critique of Capitalist Education (see footnote 51, p. 330). Vol. 3. Peter Lang AG. pp. 299–332. JSTOR 42974905. Retrieved April 6, 2021. → "Chapter Eight" is a reprint from the journal Counterpoints: studies in the postmodern theory of education (1994), Vol. 3.
{{cite book}}
:|journal=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 1058-1634, OCLC 5792457264.
- Jones, Evonne Parker (born 1931) (Autumn 1991). "The Impact of Economic, Political, and Social Factors on Recent Overt Black/White Racial Conflict in Higher Education in the United States". Journal of Negro Education. 60 (4): 524–537. doi:10.2307/2295333. JSTOR 2295333. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) ISSN 0022-2984 (publication), OCLC 425261194, 7376969997 (article).
- Bérubé, Michael Francis, PhD (born 1931) (1998) [1997]. "Chapter 9: Extreme Prejudice – The Coarsening of American Conservatism". Employment of English – Theory, Jobs, and the Future of Literary Studies. New York University Press. JSTOR j.ctt9qgg1j.12. Retrieved April 6, 2021. → Chapter 9 is from the book, Employment of English.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISBN 0814713009, 9780814713006, ISBN 0814713017, 9780814713013, OCLC 37397839 (all editions).
- Leo, John (October 22, 1990). "The Newspaper War at Dartmouth". U.S. News & World Report. 109 (16). ISSN 0041-5537 (publication), EBSCOhost 9010222323 (article).
- Meigs, James B. (October 5, 1989). "College Papers Do the Right-Wing Thing". Rolling Stone. Vol. Issue 562. p. 98 (article mentions Vassar Spectator, the Princeton Tory, and the Dartmouth Review)
{{cite magazine}}
:|volume=
has extra text (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0035-791X (publication), EBSCOhost 8910020298 (article).
- Casey, John Dudley (born 1939) (February 26, 1989). "At Dartmouth – The Clash of '89". New York Times Magazine. 138 (47793): 28–30, 66–68, 77. Retrieved November 16, 2016 – via TimesMachine.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) → Also accessible via TimesMachine → "Link". ISSN 0028-7822 (publication), EBSCOhost 8903130017 (article), OCLC 21129666 (article).
- Clendinen, James Dudley (1944–2012) (October 13, 1981). "Conservative Paper Stirs Dartmouth". New York Times, The. p. A18. Retrieved April 9, 2021 – via TimesMachine.
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- Toch, Thomas (November 1996). "Under the Right's Wing". Washington Monthly. 28 (11): 22. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via IndexArticles. ISSN 0043-0633 (publication), EBSCOhost 9611170975 (article).
- Butterfield, Fox (October 24, 1990). "The Right Breeds a College Press Network". New York Times, The (cover story). Vol. 140, no. 48398. pp. A1 & B4 (column 3). Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via TimesMachine ("With help and cash, 60 new papers in 2 years.")
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- Smith, Ruth Bayard (January–February 1993). "The Rise of the Conservative Student Press". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning. 25 (1): 25. doi:10.1080/00091383.1993.9940601.
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- Kondracke, Morton Matt (December 12, 1988). "The Dartmouth Wars". New Republic. Vol. 199, no. 24. pp. 9–10. ISSN 0028-6583 (publication), EBSCOhost 11886602 (article).
- Davis, Robin (August 16, 1982). "Rag-Time at Dartmouth". New Republic. Vol. 187, no. 7–8. pp. 17–18. ISSN 0028-6583 (publication), EBSCOhost 12582935 (article).
- Schultz, Debra L. (PhD in 1995) (1993). "To Reclaim a Legacy of Diversity: Analyzing the 'Political Correctness' Debates in Higher Education" (PDF). Section: "Conservative Think-Tanks: The Madison Center for Educational Affairs". CIC Women's Studies Preservation Project. Vol. 122, no. 7. New York: National Council for Research on Women: 12–14. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via ERIC.
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- DiBranco, Alexandra Jane (born 1987) (2020). "Conservative News and the Movement Infrastructure" (Chapter 7). In Nadler, Anthony Matthew, PhD; Bauer, A.J., PhD (eds.). News on the Right: Studying Conservative News Cultures. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-091355-7. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via Google Books.
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- Price, Greg (April 5, 2018). "Laura Ingraham 'Bullied' Closeted Gay Students at Dartmouth More Than 30 Years Ago, Former Classmates Say". Newsweek. Retrieved April 6, 2021. ISSN 0163-7053 (publication).
- Randolph, Eleanor; for the Washington Post Writers Group (December 28, 1988). "Freedom of Sleaze – Students Excel in Bad Taste, But Is Dartmouth Suspending Good Judgement?". Tempo (Sunday section). Chicago Tribune. Vol. 142, no. 363. p. 2, (section 5). Retrieved April 7, 2021. (also accessible via Newspapers.com at "Freedom of Sleaze".) ISSN 1085-6706 (publication, microfilm), OCLC 7960181 (all editions) (publication), ProQuest 282409393 (article).
- Ingraham, Edward Clarke (1922–2011) (October 26, 1988). "'Secretly Jealous' of Dartmouth?". Washington Post (letter to the editor). p. A22. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
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- De Forest, Jennifer (March–April 2006). "The Rise of Conservatism on Campus: The Role of the John M. Olin Foundation". Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning. 38 (2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 32–37. doi:10.3200/CHNG.38.2.32-37. JSTOR 40178183. S2CID 143972929. Retrieved April 7, 2021. ISSN 0009-1383 (publication), OCLC 195111268, 100906685 (article).
- "Education: Target of Paper's Barbs Resigns At Dartmouth". New York Times, The. Vol. 139, no. whole no. 46355. August 22, 1990. p. B7. Retrieved April 7, 2021 (also accessible via TimesMachine at link)
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- Morley Safer, host; James O. Freedman; Christopher E. Baldwin; William S. Cole; Jeffrey Hart (November 13, 1988). "Dartmouth vs. Dartmouth". 60 Minutes (VHS). CBS.
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- Eggers, William D. (May 1988). "Dartmouth Review's Struggle for Justice – Transcript of the Cole Incident" (PDF). California Review. 7 (5). La Jolla, California: 6–7. Retrieved April 6, 2021 (This publication, commonly known as theCalRev, was operated by students of the University of California San Diego, but not affiliated with the institution. Founded in 1982, the paper was part of a wave of start-up conservative student newspapers that flourished in the early to mid-1980s.)
{{cite journal}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|lay-date=
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, and|lay-source=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0527-3021 (publication), OCLC 3643237, 40431356, 214924034 (publication).
NEW
edit
- Fund, John (April 1986). "The New Campus Revolution". Reason (book review: Poisoned Ivy, by Benjamin Hart). Retrieved April 7, 2021.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) ISSN 0048-6906, OCLC 818916200 (all editions).
- "Dis Sho' Aint No Jive, Bro". Dartmouth Review. 1982.
- Garrett, James (October 19, 1988). "Ein Reich, Ein Volk, Ein Freemann". (German: Ein Reich, Ein Volk, Ein Führer → English: One Empire, One People, One Leader → James O. Freedman was, from 1987 to 1998, President of Dartmouth College). Dartmouth Review.
- Gold, Allan R. "Satire by Dartmouth Publication Under Heavy Fire as Anti-Semitic". New York Times, The. Vol. 138, no. 47681 (National ed.). p. 22. Retrieved April 9, 2021 – via TimesMachine (the article is a review of Garrett's article of October 19, 1988, in the Dartmouth Review)
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link).
- "The Privileged Class". Wall Street Journal. September 20, 1989. p. A24.
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- Singh, Harmeet D. (Fall 1989). "Shanties, Shakespeare, and Sex Kits: Confessions of a Dartmouth Review Editor". Policy Review. Heritage Foundation.
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- Aaron, S. Victor (born 1964) (August 15, 2011). "Untempered Ensemble – Untempered Ensemble". Something Else! Reviews (webzine). Dallas, Texas: Samuel Victor Aaron (Plano, Texas), and Nicholas Rey DeRiso (born 1968) (Murrells Inlet, South Carolina), co-founders and co-publishers. Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via somethingelsereviews
.com ("Bill Cole, a multicultural multi-instrumentalist, is one of the guys at the top of the hierarchy in the improvised music scene, having been at it in earnest since at least the late 70s".) {{cite journal}}
: External link in
(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)|via=
- Moses, Desiré (November 17, 2016). "American Jazz Great Bill Cole Reveals New Work ['A Piece for Peace']". C-Ville Weekly. Charlottesville: C-Ville Holdings, LLC (previously owned by Portico Publications, Ltd.). Retrieved April 1, 2021 → As of April 2021, Desiré Moses (née Desiré Elizabeth Moses; born 1987) – a radio producer, radio host, and music writer – has been a producer at WNRN since February 2017. She has been Managing Producer and Assistant Music Director there since April 2019.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 31820304.
From Cole's article
edit- Casey, John Dudley (born 1939) (February 26, 1989). "At Dartmouth – The Clash of '89". New York Times Magazine. 138 (47793): 28–30, 66–68, 77. Retrieved November 16, 2016 – via TimesMachine.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) → Also accessible via TimesMachine → "Link". ISSN 0028-7822 (publication), EBSCOhost 8903130017 (article), OCLC 21129666 (article).
- Cole, William "Bill" Shadrack, PhD. (1994) [1974]. Miles Davis – The Early Years. Da Capo Press (1994); William Morrow and Company (1974). Retrieved April 22, 2016 – via Internet Archive (1994 ed.).
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) LCCN 93--36391 (1994), ISBN 0-306-80554-5 (1994), OCLC 639868618 (all editions) (1974 ed.), OCLC 28848744 (all editions) (1994 ed.).
- Cole, Bill (1976). John Coltrane. Schirmer Books, a division of Macmillan Publishing. Retrieved April 12, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 76-14289, ISBN 978-0-3068-1062-6, ISBN 0-0287-0660-9 (hardback), ISBN 0-0287-0500-9 (paperback), OCLC 680351269 (all editions).
- Ford, Jane (April 18, 2007). "Master Musician Bill Cole to Perform at 214 Community Art Center April 26". University of Virginia. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- "Education: Target of Paper's Barbs Resigns At Dartmouth". New York Times, The. Vol. 139, no. whole no. 46355. August 22, 1990. p. B7. Retrieved November 7, 2016 (also accessible via TimesMachine at link)
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: External link in
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- Gardner, Howard (2004). "Leading an Institution: How to Deal With a Uniform Population". Changing Minds – The Art and Science of Changing Our Own and Other Peoples (borrowable ebook). Leadership for the Common Good (series). Harvard Business Publishing. pp. 93–94, 96–100, 102–103. Retrieved December 29, 2011 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 2003-19437, ISBN 1-4221-0329-3, ISBN 1-5785-1709-5, OCLC 71261262 (all editions).
- "African American Studies, Syracuse University". syr.edu. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
- Ho, Fred Wei-Han (interviewer); Cole, Bill (interviewee) (2008). "Part III – Afro/Asian Arts: Catalysts, Collaborations, and the Coltrane Aesthetic – Bill Cole: African American Musician of the Asian Double Reeds" (interview-based essay). In Ho, Fred Wei-Han; Mullen, Bill V. (eds.). Afro Asia: Revolutionary Political and Cultural Connections Between African Americans and Asian Americans. Duke University Press. pp. 256–264, esp. 263f. ISBN 978-0822381174. Retrieved May 11, 2016 – via Google Books (Fred Ho interviewed Cole at his home in New Rochelle, February 22, 2002)
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:|first1=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISBN 978-0-8223-4281-6, OCLC 1226706442 (all editions).
- Monroe, Steve (September 2015). "East Washington Life: Jazz Avenues – Bill Cole Group Plays Next for Transparent Productions". East of the River Magazine. Washington, D.C.: Capital Community News, Inc.: 40. Retrieved November 7, 2016 – also accessible via ISSUU → link. ("Jazz Avenues" is a monthly column of Steve Monroe that, with some gaps, has run for ten years, ten months – since November 2013)
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- Reidinger, Paul A. (born 1959) (February 1990). "Trends in the Law – Sue U. – From Classroom to Courtroom". "Dartmouth Reviewed", pp. 82, 83. ABA Journal. 76 (2). American Bar Association: 82, 84–86. JSTOR 20760893. Retrieved December 29, 2011 – via Google Books (Paul Reidinger, a writer from North California, is a lawyer and was an assistant editor for, and frequent contributor to, the ABA Journal.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0747-0088 (publication), OCLC 5556350127 (article).
- Wilmoth, Charles Weaver (PhD as of 2010) (January 27, 2003). "Dusted Reviews: Bill Cole's Untempered Ensemble – Seasoning the Greens". Dusted Magazine. Brooklyn. Archived from the original on March 22, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2016 – via Wayback Machine (Dusted was founded in 2002 → official website. Wilmoth's bio)
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- New Bivins, Jason C., PhD (Winter 2009). "Bill Cole's Untempered Ensemble – Proverbs for Sam". Signal to Noise – the Quarterly Journal of Improvised, Experimental & Unusual Music (52). South Hero, Vermont: Peter M. Gershon. Retrieved April 1, 2021 – via ISSUU (Peter M. Gershon operated the publication in Vermont from 2002 to 2006, then in Houston in affiliation with KTRU-LP of Rice University)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) OCLC 1078026911 (all editions) (publication).
1983 Lawsuit
editPart One
In April 1983, The Dartmouth Review – an arch-conservative publication[1] not affiliated with Dartmouth College but operated by students – published an antagonistic article that harshly ridiculed Cole, personally and professionally. Laura Ingraham, then a student, was the author of one of the articles.[2][3][4][2] Andrew Pickens III was editor-in-chief of the Review in April.[5]
- (Dinesh D'Souza, also then a student, was – around that time – Editor-in-Chief of the Review.)[6]
Sequence of events
edit- Cole file suit against the Review and three students. He was the subject of three articles during the Winter of 1983, the first in mid-January written by Laura Ingraham. The suit asks for $600,000 from the
- Hanover Review, Inc.
- Edmond William Cattan, Jr., the paper's former editor-in-chief
- Dinesh D'Souza, the paper's former chairman, and
- Laura Ingraham, staff writer who wrote the article
Cole filed the suit in Burlington's U.S. District Court
- John Long was attorney for Cole; at least 40 members of the Dartmouth College community contributed money to help Cole pay for the suit.
- The Review was represented by Blair Soyster of Rogers and Wells of New York City and Hughs, Miller, and Candon of Norwich, Vermont. The New York firm was headed by former Secretary of State, William P. Rogers.
Continued
edit- Libel case
- After two local newspapers – the Rutland Herald and Valley News – cited the Review to declare Cole "incompetent", Cole sued the Review for slander.[3] Cole also sued the Review for libel, but later dropped that suit.[7][4]
- Slander case
- The slander case was settled out of court after two years without the Review admitting guilt or providing any monetary compensation, but both the Review's and Cole's reputations were damaged.[8]
- "I was taught all my life that if you get an education, things will open up. But what I learned is if you want to help your own people, it won't open up." "You have to sell yourself out enough so when you look in the mirror in the morning, you don't know who that is." – Bill Cole, reflecting on the cost of success in a White world. October 30, 1991, speaking as a guest lecturer in Bill Dixon's class at Bennington College.[9]
1985 lawsuit against the DR
editRev. Richard Allen Hyde (born 1951), a Dartmouth College chaplain since 1978, filed a $3-million libel suite, claiming that the Review libeled him in articles concerning his professional and personal life.
The suit was filed January 22, 1985, in Grafton County Superior Court, and alleged that the Review published "several articles containing false, misleading and inflammatory information about (his) personal and professional life."
Editor Laura Ingraham said the suit is based on a series of articles, one involving a satirical column on left-leaning Dartmouth faculty titled the "Dartmouth Liberation Front."[10] "That was in the context of a satire and absolutely defensible on that ground," she said.[11] Hyde's suit named the Review and two former editors, Dinesh D'Souza of Princeton, N.J., and Andrew Lee Pickens III (born 1962) (Phillips Exeter '80; Dartmouth '84; UCLA '90 JD) of Fairfield, Ohio.
The suit was settled. The Review published an apology. Among other things, the Review had published that Hyde defended a group that advocated sex with adolescents.[12][13]
Lawsuit references
edit- Crabtree, Peter (October 31, 1991). "In Shooting Aftermath, Talk of Bias". Rutland Daily Herald. Vol. 135, no. 261. Rutland, Vermont. pp. 1, 6. Retrieved April 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. LCCN sn86-71669, OCLC 11902841 (all editions).
- Farnsworth, Steve (June 10, 1983). "Review Reportedly Gets ACLU Help". Rutland Daily Herald. Vol. 129, no. 138. Rutland, Vermont. p. 6. Retrieved April 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com. LCCN sn86-71669, OCLC 11902841 (all editions).
- "Dartmouth Paper Settles Suit". Journal News, The (AP). Vol. 96, no. 18. White Plains, New York: Gannett. June 8, 1986. p. A8. Retrieved April 14, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Loeb, Paul Rogat (1995). Generation at the Crossroads: Apathy and Action on the American Campus. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 430 (note 14). ISBN 9780813522562. Retrieved April 16, 2021 – via Google Books. LCCN 94-16186, ISBN 0-8135-2144-0, OCLC 768623998 (all editions).
- "Conservative Campus Weekly Sued". UPI. February 1, 1985. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
The Dartmouth Review
edit- Lemuel Boulware gave money to the DR
- Jones, Michael Keeney (March 15, 1982). "Dis Sho' Aint No Jive, Bro". Dartmouth Review – via "Lest the Old Traditions Fail" – a critical exploration of the history and reality of structural racism at Dartmouth College. Created by the Spring 2016 #BlackLivesMatter course at Dartmouth, developed through the Dartmouth Ferguson Teaching Collective (the author names Professor Michael David Green, PhD; 1941–2013, a preeminent historian of Native Americans of the South and then Chairman of Dartmouth's Native American Studies Department)
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- "Dartmouth's Dynamic Duo of Mediocrity". Dartmouth Review. February 24, 1988. OCLC 851443691 (publication).
- Desatnick, Nicholas P. (March 31, 2014). "Correcting Misinformation". Dartmouth Review. Retrieved April 6, 2021. OCLC 851443691 (publication).
- Desatnick, Nicholas P. (April 9, 2014). "Correcting Misinformation" (PDF). Dartmouth Review. 34 (1): 2. Retrieved April 6, 2021. OCLC 851443691 (publication).
- Desatnick, Nicholas P. (October 4, 2015). "Correcting Misinformation". Dartmouth Review. 35 (7): 6. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via ISSUU. OCLC 851443691 (publication).
- see Desatnick on Fox regarding a PC Police push-back
- Debate
- [Blake Neff '13 is a writer for Tucker Carleson, as 2020]
- Timpfatnick, Katherine (February 26, 2014). "Dartmouth Students: Mandatory Sensitivity Training or We Take 'Physical Action'". Campus Reform. Leadership Institute. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via Journeys, Dartmouth's WordPress platform.
- Arnold, Peter (October 24, 1984). "Dartmouth Review: 1, Prof. Cole: 0". Dartmouth Review. Retrieved April 6, 2021. OCLC 851443691 (publication).
- Washburn, Wilcomb E. (1925–1997) (1989). "Vexatious Oral Exchange: A Talk to the Dartmouth Class of 1948". Academic Questions. 2 (1). National Association of Scholars by Springer Publishing: 64–77. doi:10.1007/BF02682782. S2CID 144333062 (Washburn's talk was given as the dinner address to his classmates of Dartmouth's class of 1948 at their fortieth reunion, Hanover, New Hampshire, June 15, 1988. Portions of this address have appeared in an edited form in The National Review.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0895-4852, OCLC 1052127436, 5656560422 (article).
- Singh, Harmeet (September 1990). "Education: 'Racism' and Free Speech". Quadrant. 34 (9). Sydney: 34–38. ISSN 0033-5002, OCLC 4934661790, 7128916098. doi InformIT 10.3316 / 139438766130121.
- Kennedy, Nandi Walker (2000). "The Case on Dartmouth College: War Between Europe vs. America, 1819" (monograph). Lynchburg Virginia: Liberty University. Retrieved April 6, 2021 – via ResearchGate.
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- Bruce M. Selya, Circuit Judge; Bailey Aldrich; Floyd R. Gibson; Senior Circuit Judges (Gibson, of the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation) (November 9, 1989). The Dartmouth Review v. Dartmouth College (case no. 89–1466). Full title → The Dartmouth Review, on behalf of its officers, staff and subscribers; Christopher Baldwin; John Sutter; John Quilhot; The Hanover Review, Inc., Plaintiffs, Appellants; v. Dartmouth College; Dartmouth College Committee on Standards; James O. Freedman, in his capacities as President and a Trustee of Dartmouth College; Edward J. Shanahan, in his capacities as the Chairman of the Dartmouth College Committee on Standards; Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College and each of the following in their capacity as a Trustee of Dartmouth College; Richard M. Bressler, Lisle C. Carter, Jr., Robert A. Danziger, Robert R. Douglass, Ann Fritz-Hackett, Robert P. Henderson, Hon. Ira Michael Heyman, Joseph D. Mathewson, Priscilla Frechette-Maynard, Norman E. McCulloch, Jr., George B. Munroe, Robert Reich, E. John Rosenwald, Jr., Ronald B. Schram, Dr. John F. Steel; Defendants, Appellees. Vol. 889. Federal Reporter, 2nd Series: United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, District of New Hampshire. Retrieved April 6, 2021. Note: Harvey Daniel Myerson, one of the attorneys for the plaintiff, was, on November 13, 1992, sentenced to 70 months in Federal prison for mail and tax fraud. ("70 Months For Lawyer In Tax Fraud". New York Times. November 14, 1992. p. L25 → via TimesMachine)
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- William Cole v. Hanover Press, Inc. (1984). $2.4 million libel
The National Review
edit- "Putting the Bite on the Dartmouth Review". National Review. 34 (12): 744–745. June 25, 1982. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 6093243 (article).
- "The Usual Fiasco at Dartmouth". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 38 (3): 20–21. February 28, 1986. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12491990 (article).
- Ingraham, Laura (March 14, 1986). "Counter-Revolution at Dartmouth, Continued". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 38 (4): 20. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12486252 (article).
- De Toledano, Ralph (March 28, 1986). "The 'Smaller' Music". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 38 (5): 66–67 (this article does not mention Bill Cole; but the author is an exponent of traditional jazz in a Panassié-esque sense, which is at the far opposite end of Cole's jazz genre spectrum. The point, here, is that the author and Buckley's publication, like Panassié, might be intolerant of free jazz. Buckley himself was a musician.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12624551 (article).
- "The Second Dartmouth College Case". National Review. 38 (6): 20. April 11, 1986. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12222329 (article).
- "Blackmail". National Review. 40 (6): 22. April 1, 1988. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12292757 (article).
- Hart, Jeffrey, PhD (May 13, 1988). "The Ivory Foxhole – Scuba Diving In the Cesspool". Item No. 4. National Review. 40 (9): 43.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12231458 (article).
- "Dartmouth: The Witch Hunt Goes On". National Review. 40 (10): 20–21. May 27, 1988. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12292900 (article).
- Boaz, David D.; Buckley, William F., Jr. (September 16, 1988). "Letters: Private Means Private". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 40 (18): 6.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12561757 (article).
- Buckley, William F., Jr. (October 14, 1988). "Right Data – Is Dartmouth Joining the Eastern Bloc?". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 40 (20): 16–17.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12231987 (article).
- Buckley, William F., Jr. (November 15, 1988). "On the Right – The Indian at Dartmouth". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 40: 60–61.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12222606 (article).
- Hart, Jeffrey (September 15, 1989). "Good News From Dartmouth". National Review. 41 (17): 18 (Sarah Sully, Cole's wife and a lecturer in French and Italian, assigned her freshmen French II class an essay on the Review. When a student failed to condemn the publication, she gave the student a D, remarking that his essay was racist. The grade was overturned by the department chair, Dean Dwight Lahr.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 11567392 (article).
- "The Cole Example". National Review. 42 (18): 18. September 17, 1990 (the article references two articles – The Boston Globe, August 22, 1990, "Embattled Teacher Quits Dartmouth" and The New York Times, August 22, 1990, "Target of Paper's Barbs Resigns at Dartmouth" – and defends the Review.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12485652 (article).
- "Dartmouth — Again". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 43 (2): 63. February 11, 1991. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 9103042942 (article).
- Hart, Jeffrey (April 16, 1990). "The Ivory Foxhole – Lethal Sensitivity". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 42 (7): 43. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 12293150 (article).
- Hart, Jeffrey (June 22, 1998). "Dartmouth Reviewed". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 50 (11): 42–44. ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 700733 (article).
- "The Week". National Review (Universal Press Syndicate). 59 (20): 14. March 5, 2007 "National Review takes a proprietary interest in Dartmouth College, thanks to senior editor Jeffrey Hart and the many veterans of the Dartmouth Review who have worked here. At long last, it looks like the game is up. Independent alumni, opposed to the liberal bureaucrats and empire-builders who run their school, managed to win four elections to the college's governing board of trustees, under a 116-year-old arrangement that allowed alums to pick half the trustees. This fall the administration packed the board, doubling the number of trustees that it could select. There will be enough rich, compliant trustees who want buildings named after them to let the administrators run the school in saecula saeculorum. The Dartmouth resistance must resign itself to being a movement of student gadflies. It is sad that principles and fun should be opposed to power, but it is not the worst trade-off in the world."
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) ISSN 0028-0038 (publication), EBSCOhost 27251754 (article).
Comments on NR
edit- Heilbrunn, Jacob (May 2006). "On Political Books – The Great Conservative Crackup – What National Review Wrought". Washington Monthly (Book review: The Making of the American Conservative Mind – National Review and it Times, by Jeffrey Hart). 38 (5): 30–32. ISSN 0043-0633 (publication), EBSCOhost 20645513 (article), OCLC 195838168, 101818402.
Criticism of DR
edit- Grove, Lloyd (November 13, 1984). "Chronicles of a Conservative". Retrieved April 16, 2021.
- Sohrabji, Sunita (January 13, 1989). "Dartmouth Review Editor Harmeet Dhillon Hopes for Bush Appointment". India-West. 14 (10). San Leandro, California: India-West Publications, Inc.: 16. ProQuest 371428065. Retrieved April 1, 2021 (Re: Harmeet Dhillon)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) LCCN sn857330, ISSN 0883-721X, ProQuest 371428065 (Ethnic NewsWatch database), OCLC 5218030 (all editions).
- Specter, Michael (October 2, 1990). "The Poisoned Pen of the Dartmouth Review". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 1, 2021 (addresses Keeney Jones' 1982 DR article, complaining about Professor Michael Green, Chairman of Dartmouth's Native American Studies Department )
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
- "Dartmouth Review Head Resigns". New England. Telegram & Gazette (AP) (AM-All ed.). Worcester, Massachusetts: © New York Times Company. October 3, 1990. p. A7 (The Review was published Friday and distributed Saturday, on Yom Kippur and carried the quotation from Hitler's Mein Kampf: "I believe today that I am acting in the sense of the Almighty Creator. By warding off the Jews, I am fighting for the Lord's work." It prompted the resignation of three members of the staff of 24: C. Tyler White, President of the Review; David W. Budd, staff; and Pang-Chun Chen, staff.)
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) ProQuest 268383417 (US Newsstream ddb), OCLC 10504184 (all editions).
- "President of Alternative Dartmouth Weekly Quits – 'I Cannot Allow the Review to Ruin My Life Any Further'". New York Times, The. Vol. 140, no. 48377 (Late ed.). October 3, 1990. p. A28. Retrieved April 17, 2021 – via TimesMachine LEAD: The president of The Dartmouth Review, a politically conservative student weekly newspaper, resigned today, denouncing the paper and its editor in chief for publishing on its masthead an anti-Semitic passage from Hitler's Mein Kampf.
Unlike previous Review controversies, the center did not hold. "I cannot allow the Review to ruin my life any further," C. Tyler White declared soon after he resigned as President of the Review, "The official Review response, which I co-signed and helped distribute, avoids the main thrust of the issue. It does not emphasize our sorrow in this dreadful act of malice, nor does it claim responsibility for letting it reach newsprint ... The editor-in-chief has failed in his job, and now we must wear the albatross of anti-Semitism because he won't take responsibility for the issue’s contents." Review contributors David Budd and Pang-Chun Chen also resigned saying, "We are conservatives, but we are not Nazis ... " Budd noted that the paper’s apology implied "let’s put the blame on someone else." link{{cite news}}
: External link in
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Conservative response to DR's Mien Kampf quote
edit- Rusher, William A. (February 8, 1991). "A Question". Editorial. Crowley Post Signal, The. Vol. 105, no. 121. Crowley, Louisiana. p. 4. Retrieved April 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- Wiener, Jon (February 27, 1989). "Racial Hatred on Campus: Reagan's Children". The Nation. 248 (8): 260–264.
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: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|lay-url=
,|lay-date=
, and|lay-source=
(help) ISSN 0027-8378 (publication), , EBSCOhost 8903130007 (article).
- Wiener, Jon (2002) [February 27, 1989]. "Racial Hatred on Campus: Reagan's Children". In Giddings, Paula (ed.). Burning All Illusions: Writings From The Nation on Race, 1866–2002 (Part Two: Reporters). New York: Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books. pp. 381–389. Retrieved April 19, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 2002-103622, ISBN 1-5602-5384-3, 978-1-5602-5384-6, OCLC 49793520 (all editions).
Conservative of the DR's 1988 lawsuit
edit- Moeller, Kurt (December 2, 1988). "Review Sues Dartmouth Over Discrimination – Against Whites". Editorial. Rice Thresher, The. Beyond the Hedges. Vol. 76, no. 12. Houston: Rice University. p. 4. Retrieved April 19, 2021 – via Portal to Texas History.
- ^ Casey, February 26, 1989. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFCasey,_February_26,1989 (help)
- ^ a b Ingraham.
- ^ a b Ho, 2008.
- ^ a b New York Times, August 22, 1990. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFNew_York_Times,_August_22,1990 (help)
- ^ Farnsworth, June 10, 1983.
- ^ Farnsworth, April 18, 1983.
- ^ Associated Press, May 30, 1985.
- ^ Gardner, 2004.
- ^ Crabree, October 31, 1991.
- ^ Dartmouth Review, April 16, 1984.
- ^ UPI, February 1, 1985.
- ^ Journal News, June 8, 1986.
- ^ Loeb, 1995.