Wikipedia

Sauber Motorsport

(Redirected from Sauber F1)
"Sauber" redirects here. For other uses, see Sauber (disambiguation).

Sauber Motorsport AG currently competing in Formula One as Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber and also known simply as Kick Sauber or Sauber, is a Swiss motorsport engineering company. It was founded in 1970 (as PP Sauber AG) by Peter Sauber, who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993. Sauber operated under their own name from 1993 until 2005 and from 2011 until 2018. They were known as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2010 and as Alfa Romeo from 2019 to 2023 in partnership deals with BMW and Alfa Romeo, respectively. Sauber returned in 2024 as Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber,[1] and is set to be the Audi works team from 2026 onwards, with the German outfit planning to acquire the Swiss team.

Switzerland Kick Sauber-Ferrari
Full nameStake F1 Team Kick Sauber[1]
BaseHinwil, Zürich, Switzerland
Team principal(s)Alessandro Alunni Bravi (Team Representative)
Chief Technical OfficerMattia Binotto[2][3]
Technical directorJames Key
Founder(s)Peter Sauber
Previous nameAlfa Romeo F1 Team
Next nameAudi F1 Team
2024 Formula One World Championship
Race drivers24. China Zhou Guanyu
77. Finland Valtteri Bottas
Test driversFrance Théo Pourchaire
Barbados Zane Maloney
ChassisC44
EngineFerrari 066/12
TyresPirelli
Formula One World Championship career
First entry1993 South African Grand Prix
Last entry2024 São Paulo Grand Prix
Races entered486 (483 starts)[N 1]
EnginesSauber, Mercedes, Ford, Petronas, BMW, Ferrari
Constructors'
Championships		0
Drivers'
Championships		0
Race victories1[N 2]
Podiums27[N 4]
Points865[N 5]
Pole positions1[N 3]
Fastest laps5[N 6]

Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent, the team was rebranded to BMW Sauber in 2006 and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009, finishing second in 2007 and third in 2008 in the Constructors' Championship, and scoring their lone grand prix victory at the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix. At the end of a less successful 2009 season, BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team's future remained uncertain for several months until total control was handed back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry. Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement, the team remained as "BMW Sauber" for the 2010 season.[4][5] In March 2010, Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season.[6] At the beginning of the 2011 season, the team dropped BMW from their name.

Until mid-2016, Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team, with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW's withdrawal.[7] The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A, with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber's role as chairman of the board and president.[8] Audi bought a minority stake in the team in January 2023 in preparation of their Formula One entry.[9] The team operates in a 15,600 m2 (168,000 sq ft) facility in Hinwil, Switzerland.[10]

Sports cars

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Sauber Motorsport AG
FormerlyPP Sauber AG
Red Bull Sauber AG
BMW Sauber AG[11]
Company typePrivate
IndustryMotor racing
Founded1970
FounderPeter Sauber
HeadquartersHinwil, canton of Zürich, Switzerland
Key people
Mattia Binotto (COO & CTO)
Gernot Döllner (Chairman)
OwnerAudi AG

Peter Sauber began building sports cars in the 1970s. After using turbocharged Mercedes V8 engines in the 1980s, his team became the official factory team of Mercedes-Benz, reviving the Silver Arrow legend. The Swiss-German team[12] won the 24 hours of Le Mans (in 1989) as well as the World Sports Prototype Championship (both in the 1989 season and 1990 season), competing against Jaguar and Porsche. Among others, drivers such as Michael Schumacher, Karl Wendlinger, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Jochen Mass, Jean-Louis Schlesser and Mauro Baldi raced for Sauber.

 
Team Sauber-Mercedes achieved victory at the 1989 24 Hours of Le Mans with the Sauber-Mercedes C9.

Sauber participated in a number of other racing series before its involvement in Formula One, including the Swiss Sportscar Championship and the World Sportscar Championship. The first Sauber car, C1, was built in 1970. Sauber, in partnership with Mercedes, won the Le Mans 24-hour race in 1989 and the World Sports Prototype Championship in 1989 and 1990 with the Sauber C9 and Mercedes-Benz C11, respectively. Sauber also built a Group 5 version of the BMW M1.

Formula One

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Sauber (1993–2005)

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Beginning and partnership with Mercedes-Benz (1993–1994)

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See also: Mercedes-Benz in Formula One

The first 'turbo era' of Formula One ended with the 1988 season. The 1.5-litre turbocharged engines were phased out in favour of naturally aspirated 3.5-litre engines. Massive demand for engine suppliers and a constant influx of new teams saw car manufacturers like Subaru, Porsche and Lamborghini enter Formula One as engine suppliers and sometimes buying out existing teams. Other projects never progressed beyond design studies, such as one carried out by Simtek for BMW. It was a turbulent time that led to the withdrawal of many small teams and even more famous marques such as Brabham and Lotus.

A planned Mercedes collaboration with Sauber to enter their own Formula One team was shelved, although behind closed doors Mercedes continued to fund Sauber's Formula One project. The team was to be powered by V10 Ilmor engines in a chassis dubbed the C12, a continuation of Sauber's naming policy from sports car construction (the 'C' was a reference to Peter Sauber's wife Christine). It was to be driven by JJ Lehto and Karl Wendlinger.

 
The Sauber team's first Formula One car, the Sauber C12
 
The traditional Sauber "S" logo which has evolved through different sponsors over the years

The car's racing debut took place in the first race of 1993, in South Africa. The car was soon turning heads not only for its sharp FW14-like lines and striking black livery but its impressive performance, claiming fifth place (two points under the scoring system at the time) on its Grand Prix debut. Despite this impressive entrance to the Grand Prix scene, over the remainder of the season the team rarely saw the finish line due to unreliability and racing accidents. However, they proved their form was not a flash in the pan recording a slow stream of points finishes and rarely finishing outside the top ten when they actually completed a race distance. Despite not achieving a podium, they ended the season with twelve points, seventh out of the thirteen original entries.

The team went into the 1994 season as Sauber Mercedes, now officially Mercedes's factory-backed team with a new car in the Sauber C13 and the Ilmor engine rebadged the Mercedes 3.5 V10. New team Pacific Grand Prix Ltd took a customer supply of more dated Ilmor units. Between seasons Lehto had signed to Mild Seven Benetton Ford. Former Sauber sports car driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen took up the role as Karl Wendlinger's teammate.

Early signs showed the team was, rather disappointingly, delivering similar performances to the previous year, scoring a small tally of points in the opening rounds. The season took a turn for the worse after a fourth place by Wendlinger following the tragic deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix. Just two weeks later, Wendlinger was seriously injured after crashing in practice for the Monaco Grand Prix; losing control of his car under braking for the Nouvelle Chicane. He suffered serious head injuries which left him in a coma for weeks and he was sidelined for the rest of the season. He was replaced by Andrea de Cesaris and a returning Lehto who had been replaced at Benetton after injury complications.

The Wendlinger accident was a pivotal moment in Formula One history. Together with the death of Ayrton Senna, it later prompted the mandatory implementation of head protection for drivers in the form of high cockpit sides. Sauber voluntarily pioneered prototypes of these to protect their drivers.

They would finish the season with the same points tally as the previous year but finished only eighth out of the fourteen original entrants. Mercedes was dissatisfied with the progress and left the team at the end of the year, enticed by an offer from the McLaren team which was still looking for a new works deal since Honda withdrew from the sport and an also-disappointing partnership with Peugeot (whose engines went to Jordan). The partnership would see Team McLaren Mercedes take their first win in 1997 and both titles in 1998 but left Sauber to pick up the works Ford engine deal from Benetton.

Red Bull alliance and Ford engines (1995–1996)

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Frentzen driving for Sauber at the 1995 British Grand Prix

The 1995 season and Sauber C14 marked the beginning of a ten-year sponsorship deal with energy drink giant Red Bull. Entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz had purchased a majority share in the team and Fritz Kaiser joined as commercial director.[13] They landed a factory supply of Ford ECA Zetec-R V8 engines from Benetton. The 1995 season saw the return of Karl Wendlinger partnering Heinz-Harald Frentzen. Unfortunately, the Austrian's serious accident in 1994 seemed to have taken a lot out of his driving potential and he was replaced after two races by rookie Jean-Christophe Boullion.

The season, for Frentzen at least, went surprisingly well. The team finished with a record eighteen points despite the underperforming Ford engine and Jean-Christophe Boullion, who was again dropped, allowing Wendlinger to make his final Formula One appearance. They also climbed back up to seventh in the Constructors' Championship.

1995 also saw Petronas become Sauber's presenting sponsor. They renewed their association in 2006, by which time the team had changed ownership.[14]

1996 saw Sauber's worst Formula One season in terms of points despite a promising driver line-up in Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Johnny Herbert, a revised C15 and the new V10 Cosworth JD engine. Despite again holding seventh spot on a shrinking list of constructors, they only scored 11 points and had not impressed for much of the season. For the next season they announced a customer deal to receive Ferrari V10 engines while they worked with new sponsors Petronas to construct their own engines. Unfortunately, due to a major economic crash in Asia the engines were never completed.

Sauber-Petronas Engineering (1997–2005)

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Jacques Villeneuve driving for the Sauber team at the 2005 Canadian Grand Prix

Sauber used Ferrari designed customer engines (from 1997 to 2005) and gearboxes built by Sauber Petronas Engineering, a company founded for the sole purpose of building these engines, that were nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari as Sauber was relegated to being a customer team after four years as an independent works partner team. Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff. Many[who?] pointed out suspicious similarities[example needed] between Ferrari and Sauber chassis, but no formal accusations were ever made (FIA rules required each team to design their own chassis).

In 2001, Sauber brought a virtually unknown and very inexperienced Kimi Räikkönen into Formula One, despite the protests of a few drivers and influential members of the FIA, including Max Mosley, that he would pose a danger to other drivers. His performances that year, however, more than vindicated their decision (he would later go on to win the 2007 Drivers' Championship with Ferrari). It also caused Red Bull to sell their majority share in the team to Credit Suisse in protest (Red Bull wanted Enrique Bernoldi to take the seat but he wound up at Arrows). In 2004, Sauber spent a large sum of money on a new wind tunnel at Hinwil, and a high performance supercomputer (called Albert) to help refine the aerodynamics of their cars. The state-of-the-art infrastructure Sauber has built up is one aspect that attracted BMW Motorsport to Sauber.

In its later years, Sauber's links with Ferrari became weaker. They sided with the non-Ferrari teams over planned rule changes at the end of the 2004 season and also joined up with the GPWC. Then they decided to switch to Michelin tyres, while Ferrari continued to use Bridgestone tyres. Meanwhile, beverage company Red Bull left Sauber in 2005 as they bought their own team, Red Bull Racing. Sauber had secured a deal with BMW for a supply of their engines from 2006, initially expected to be on a customer relationship but following BMW's decision to split from Williams at the end of 2005, BMW agreed to take ownership of the team from 1 January 2006, having bought Credit Suisse's shares in the team. Sauber's final Grand Prix before BMW takeover was the 2005 Chinese Grand Prix, with Massa, in his final race for the team having been promoted to Ferrari for the 2006 season, scoring a welcome sixth place to round off the team's history. Sauber had finished its independent run in F1 with six third places and two front-row starts being their best results. Among notable Sauber drivers were Jean Alesi, 2008 Drivers' Championship runner-up Felipe Massa, Johnny Herbert, and 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve. Two former Sauber drivers drove for the new BMW Sauber team in 2006: Nick Heidfeld who was a Sauber driver from 2001 to 2003, and Villeneuve who drove for the team in 2005.

BMW factory team (2006–2009)

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See also: BMW in Formula One
 
Nick Heidfeld took BMW's first podium finish at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix.
 
BMW Sauber put "Thanks Michael" messages on the back of their cars for what was then Michael Schumacher's last Grand Prix in Brazil.

At the end of the 2005 season, the team's majority shareholding previously owned by Credit Suisse was bought by BMW, with Peter Sauber retaining a 20% stake, and was renamed BMW Sauber. BMW sold its part back to Peter Sauber after the end of the 2009 season, but the team formally used the name BMW Sauber until the end of the 2010 season. The team held a German licence from 2006 to 2009, then reverted to a Swiss licence in 2010.[15]

2006

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For the 2006 season the team re-signed Nick Heidfeld from Williams to be their lead driver (Heidfeld drove for Sauber in 2001–2003), while 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve had his existing Sauber contract confirmed. Pole Robert Kubica was signed as the team's third driver. The team continued to use Sauber's facilities, mostly for chassis construction and wind tunnel testing, while BMW's headquarters in Munich were responsible for building the new P86 V8 engine.

Former Sauber title sponsor Petronas renewed their contract with the new team after BMW Sauber snubbed BP-Castrol, despite them being BMW's official commercial gasoline and motor oil partner. Credit Suisse also continued their sponsorship. For the new season BMW Sauber announced a technical partnership with Intel and O2, claiming that it will eventually lead to technological improvements available on BMW road cars.[16]

The new livery, unveiled in Valencia on 17 January 2006, was the traditional BMW M blue and white with red flashes.

Jacques Villeneuve scored the team's first points with a seventh-place finish at the 2006 Malaysian Grand Prix, after Heidfeld retired from fifth with an engine failure late in the race. Over the first two-thirds of the season the drivers picked up points with a succession of seventh- and eighth-place finishes.

The team ran a radical "twin towers" aero enhancement on the front of the car for the race in Magny-Cours, France, which was meant to direct airflow to the rear and thus improve performance.[17] This unconventional add-on was promptly banned by the FIA as it was adjudged to impede the drivers' vision and thus compromise safety.[18]

Heidfeld scored the team's first podium at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix from tenth on the grid. Kubica stood in for Villeneuve, BMW stating that Villeneuve could not drive due to medical complications following his accident at the German Grand Prix. Kubica finished seventh, although he was later disqualified for an underweight car.[19] After the Hungarian Grand Prix, BMW announced that Kubica would complete the season for the Swiss team, spelling the end of former world champion Villeneuve's F1 career.[20]

Kubica scored BMW Sauber's second podium of the season at the Italian Grand Prix, after running in third place for most of the race and leading briefly during the first round of pit stops. Heidfeld struggled in the race and barely earned a point by finishing eighth. The team's fifth place in the Constructors' Championship was cemented by Heidfeld's two further points at the 2006 Chinese Grand Prix, and Toyota's early double retirement from the 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix.

2007

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Nick Heidfeld took BMW Sauber's best result of 2007 with second place at the Canadian Grand Prix.

On 19 October 2006, it was announced that Robert Kubica would partner Nick Heidfeld for the 2007 season with Sebastian Vettel taking the test and reserve driver role. On 21 December, it was announced that Timo Glock had been signed as the team's second test driver.[21] The team launched their 2007 car, the F1.07, on 16 January 2007.[22]

The new car showed promising form throughout the winter testing, topping the times sheets on occasions. However, team principal Mario Theissen declared some reliability concerns before the season's opening race in Melbourne. Kubica duly retired from fourth place mid-race with gearbox trouble, but Nick Heidfeld proved their pace in winter testing was no fluke as he raced to fourth place. Heidfeld continued this success with two more fourth places in Malaysia and Bahrain respectively. Kubica finished sixth in Bahrain after retiring in Australia and mechanical trouble in Malaysia.

Their performance thus far had been such that many were saying a race win was likely after firmly establishing themselves as the best team behind championship leaders Ferrari and McLaren. Although the perceived performance gap between the two leaders and BMW Sauber was a fair amount, it was still less than that between BMW Sauber and the teams behind them.[23]

The Canadian Grand Prix brought mixed fortunes for the team. While Nick Heidfeld scored a second-place finish, Robert Kubica suffered a huge crash that resulted in a long safety car period. The media was initially told Kubica had broken his leg, but it later emerged that he had escaped with only a sprained ankle and concussion.[24]

Sebastian Vettel took his place in the US Grand Prix, finishing in eighth place and therefore becoming the youngest driver to score a Formula One World Championship point. After the European GP, however, it was announced by Scuderia Toro Rosso that Vettel would take the second driver seat from Scott Speed.

2008

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BMW Sauber took a podium finish in the first race of the 2008 season, courtesy of Nick Heidfeld.
 
The 2008 Canadian Grand Prix saw Robert Kubica win his and BMW Sauber's only race.

On 21 August 2007, BMW confirmed its driver line-up of Heidfeld and Kubica for the 2008 season.[25] Their 2008 car, the F1.08 was officially launched in Munich at BMW Welt on 14 January 2008. It made its track debut at Valencia the next day, with Robert Kubica driving.

The BMW Sauber team also introduced a new scheme for the team as a whole, with every individual getting "fit for pole",[26] from the boss to the cleaners, meaning that the team would be in optimum fitness for the 2008 season. Team principal Mario Theissen targeted the team's first Formula 1 victory for 2008.

BMW Sauber started the season well with Kubica narrowly missing out on pole after a mistake in his main qualifying lap in Melbourne. He later retired after being hit by Kazuki Nakajima but Heidfeld finished second. Kubica took second in Malaysia, with Heidfeld in sixth setting the fastest lap of the race. The team's points total of 11 was their largest score up to that time. In Bahrain, Kubica scored his and the team's first ever pole position, beating Felipe Massa by just under three hundredths of a second. The team went on to finish third and fourth in the race, equalling their highest round points total and promoting them to first place in the Constructors' Championship for the first time.

The team also attained a second-place finish in the Monaco Grand Prix with Robert Kubica, beating both Ferraris and only trailing the McLaren of Lewis Hamilton by three seconds.

BMW Sauber's first race victory came in the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix, the team achieving a one-two finish with Robert Kubica's first race win and Nick Heidfeld taking second place. The victory came after Lewis Hamilton collided with Kimi Räikkönen in the pitlane, ending the race for both drivers. Kubica was on a different refuelling strategy from Heidfeld, who also briefly led the race before securing the one-two finish for BMW Sauber in comfortable fashion. This was the first Formula One victory for a BMW engine since the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix.

After the team's breakthrough win, development was switched to the 2009 season where new regulations come into play. This greatly annoyed Kubica, (who was leading the championship after the Canadian Grand Prix), as he felt they could have had a realistic chance of taking at least one title. The lack of development was reflected with a drop of form throughout the second half of the season, causing BMW to be outpaced by Renault, Toyota and even Toro Rosso (who started the season as one of the slowest teams) by the end of the season. Despite this, Kubica remained with an outside chance of taking the Drivers' Championship until the Chinese Grand Prix, the 17th round out of 18.

2009

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In a disappointing final year for BMW, Nick Heidfeld took the first of the team's two podiums during the season at the 2009 Malaysian Grand Prix.

In October 2008, the team confirmed that they would stick with Robert Kubica and Nick Heidfeld as their drivers for the 2009 season.[27]

Although BMW Sauber targeted the 2009 season as the year they would challenge for the title, their start to the season was a disappointment. Kubica was in third place in the opening round, when he collided with Vettel while battling for second place and was forced to retire. Heidfeld then secured the team's first podium of the year in Malaysia, but after six races BMW Sauber had collected a mere six points, and occupied eighth place in the Constructors' Championship out of ten teams. A raft of upgrades were set for Turkey, including an improved regenerative braking system (KERS) and a double deck diffuser. While the new diffuser was implemented, the KERS could not be made to fit the new car and both drivers raced without the device. After the qualifying session for the British Grand Prix Mario Theissen announced that the team had decided to halt further development of KERS; of which BMW had been one of the strongest proponents, and focus instead on improving the car's aerodynamics. This left Ferrari and McLaren as the only remaining users of the KERS system. In the European Grand Prix at Valencia, Kubica scored the team's first points since the race in Turkey.

Following a meeting of the BMW board on 28 July, the company held a press conference the following morning in which it confirmed the team's withdrawal from Formula One at the end of 2009. Chairman Dr. Norbert Reithofer described the decision as a strategic one.[28] The Formula One Teams Association released a statement in response pledging its support to help the team remain in F1.[29]

On 15 September 2009, it was announced that BMW Sauber had secured a buyer, Qadbak Investments Limited which turned out to be a shell company. However, Lotus Racing had been given the 13th and final slot in the 2010 season. The team were awarded what was termed a 14th entry, which hinged either on another team dropping out or all the other teams agreeing to allow 28 cars to enter the 2010 Championship.[30][31]

Sauber (2010–2018)

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Independent return with Ferrari engines (2010–2017)

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Kamui Kobayashi racing during the 2010 German Grand Prix
2010

On 27 November 2009, it was announced that Peter Sauber would repurchase the team conditional upon the team receiving a FIA entry for the 2010 season.[32]

On 3 December 2009, the FIA confirmed that Sauber had been granted the entry vacated by Toyota Racing following their withdrawal[33] and would be using Ferrari engines.[34] Peter Sauber had previously announced, on 29 November, that the team's chassis for the 2010 season would be designated Sauber C29, while the Swiss newspaper Blick reported that the team will be called Team Sauber F1.[35] However, in January 2010, Peter Sauber had said that he had not yet applied for a change of name, so therefore they remained for the season as BMW Sauber F1 Team despite zero BMW components.[36] Kamui Kobayashi was announced as their first signed driver for the 2010 season on 17 December 2009. Pedro de la Rosa was signed as Sauber's second driver on 19 January 2010.[37]

Before the Singapore Grand Prix, it was announced that Nick Heidfeld would replace de la Rosa for the remaining five races of the season. Esteban Gutiérrez later joined the team as a reserve driver, and drove during young drivers' testing after the end of the season.

Despite promising pace in winter testing, the team struggled with technical problems in the early rounds of the season, with no points from the first six races. After running a blank livery for the first four races of the 2010 season, the team finally announced a sponsorship deal with the Burger King fast food franchise at the Spanish and European Grands Prix.[38] During frustrations, Peter Sauber admitted that his decision to rescue the team had been emotionally driven, but insisted that it was proper.[39] Finally, in Turkey, Kobayashi finished tenth, collecting the team's first championship point for the season.

At the European Grand Prix in Valencia, after qualifying in 18th place, Kobayashi spent a vast proportion of the race in third position defending from Jenson Button who was following closely behind in fourth. After entering the pits during the closing stages of the race to switch tyres, Kobayashi exited the pit in ninth. In the last few laps of the race, Kobayashi overtook the Ferrari of Fernando Alonso and the Toro Rosso of Sébastien Buemi for a seventh-place finish. The impressive drive from Kobayashi received much acclaim and was Sauber's best result of the season to-date. Pedro de la Rosa meanwhile, despite originally crossing the line in tenth position to secure 1 point, was relegated to 12th place after a penalty, stripping away a double points finish. Both drivers went on to score points at the Japanese Grand Prix and Korean Grand Prix.

The second half of the season gave more productive and consistent results; The drives of Kobayashi, Heidfeld and de la Rosa combined earned 44 points, giving the team eighth place in the Constructors' Championship. Kobayashi performed the team's season-best finish of sixth at the British Grand Prix.

2011
 
Sergio Pérez at the 2011 Malaysian Grand Prix

Kobayashi was retained for 2011; he was joined by teammate Sergio Pérez and his compatriot Esteban Gutiérrez as reserve driver. The team debuted their 2011 car – the C30 – on 31 January,[40] with testing beginning the following day.

At the start of the season in Australia, both Pérez and Kobayashi were later disqualified due to technical infringements. Pérez suffered a major collision at the Monaco Grand Prix, resulting in concussion and a sprained thigh.[41] Despite being passed fit for the Canadian Grand Prix, Pérez withdrew from the weekend after the first free practice session due to illness, he was replaced by 2010 Sauber driver Pedro de la Rosa for the remainder of the weekend.[42]

For the remainder of the season, the team obtained regular top-10 finishes, and overall finished seventh in the Constructors' Championship.

On 28 July, it was announced that Kobayashi, Pérez and Gutiérrez would all remain in the Sauber setup for the 2012 season.[43]

2012
 
Sergio Pérez at the 2012 Canadian Grand Prix

Sauber started the 2012 season with a double points-scoring finish – Kobayashi sixth and Pérez eighth – in Australia, before Pérez finished second the following week, at the Malaysian Grand Prix; the team's best result as an independent team.[44] Kobayashi then started third at the Chinese Grand Prix behind the two Mercedes cars of Nico Rosberg and Michael Schumacher; although Kobayashi finished the race in tenth position, he recorded the fastest lap of the race, his first in Formula One.

Prior to the Spanish Grand Prix, Sauber announced a sponsorship deal with English Premier League team Chelsea.[45] After the race, in which Kobayashi equalled his career-best result of fifth, Peter Sauber announced that he had transferred ownership of a third of the team to CEO Monisha Kaltenborn.[7] Pérez achieved his second podium of the season at the Canadian Grand Prix with third place, while Kobayashi added a ninth place to help Sauber move up to sixth place in the Constructors' Championship.[46]

For the German Grand Prix, Sauber achieved their best result of the season. After starting in twelfth position, Kobayashi finished fifth, equalling his best result at the time, before a time penalty for Sebastian Vettel pushed him up into fourth, giving him the best result of his career. Meanwhile, after starting down in 17th due to a penalty, Pérez managed to work a great tyre strategy and finished just behind Kobayashi – prior to Vettel's penalty – in sixth position, giving the team a total points haul of 20, their best since splitting with BMW, and giving them a 53-point advantage over Williams for sixth in the Constructors' Championship.[47] At the Belgian Grand Prix, Kobayashi started second and Pérez fourth, the best grid positions in Sauber's history. At the start of the race, Romain Grosjean caused a spectacular crash taking himself, Pérez, championship leader Fernando Alonso and Lewis Hamilton out of the race. Kobayashi's Sauber was also damaged and he finished the race in 13th place.

At the Italian Grand Prix, Sauber scored 20 points; Pérez used a one-stop strategy to move from twelfth on the grid to take his third podium of the season with second place, while Kobayashi finished in ninth place.[48] Kobayashi took his first podium finish and the team's fourth of the season at the Japanese Grand Prix; the following week, it was announced that Peter Sauber was stepping back from the daily management of his team, handing the role of team principal to Kaltenborn.[49]

 
Nico Hülkenberg racing during the 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix
2013

On 23 November 2012, it was announced that Nico Hülkenberg, Esteban Gutiérrez and Robin Frijns would make up the team's line-up for the 2013 season; Hülkenberg and Gutiérrez as part of the race team and Frijns as reserve driver.[50] The team's car for the season, the C32, was launched in Hinwil on 2 February 2013.[51] The livery was changed and the car is now grey, similar to the Sauber cars in the early 1990s.[52] Despite a promising eighth place for Hülkenberg at the second round of the season, the Malaysian Grand Prix, it was clear soon that the C32 was far from the competitiveness shown by its predecessor, with Hülkenberg unable to obtain better than a tenth-place finish in subsequent races and rookie Gutiérrez having been unable to score as of the Belgian Grand Prix. Despite this, Hülkenberg caused a shock by putting his car third on the grid for the Italian Grand Prix, outqualifying both Ferraris in the process.[53]

On 15 July 2013, Sergey Sirotkin joined Sauber as a development driver as part of a tie-in with Russian investors with a view to promoting him to a race seat as early as 2014.[54]

At the Singapore Grand Prix both Hülkenberg and Gutiérrez were in the points, running sixth and seventh respectively due to pitting under the safety car, but as their tyres went away Hülkenberg managed ninth place and Gutiérrez only 12th. Hülkenberg showed some impressive driving in Korea, finishing in fourth place and allowing Sauber to pass Toro Rosso in the standings. The Japanese Grand Prix saw the team's first double points finish of the 2013 season with Hülkenberg sixth after running most of the race in fourth, and Gutiérrez seventh after an impressive battle with Nico Rosberg's Mercedes. Hülkenberg scored again in the last two rounds and Sauber finished seventh in the WCC with 57 points.

2014
 
Esteban Gutiérrez at the 2014 Singapore Grand Prix

In February 2014, IndyCar Series driver Simona de Silvestro was signed by Sauber as an "affiliated driver", with the intent of racing in F1 by 2015.[55] However, by the end of 2014, de Silvestro was no longer part of the team.[56] For the 2014 season, Gutiérrez was retained and joined by Adrian Sutil, following Hülkenberg's decision to return to Force India. The team struggled throughout the season, often going out in the first round of qualifying and failing to score a single point for the first time in team history.

 
Felipe Nasr driving the Sauber C34 at the 2015 Malaysian Grand Prix
2015

On 1 November 2014, it was announced that Marcus Ericsson would drive for Sauber in 2015.[57] On 5 November 2014, Felipe Nasr was announced as a Sauber driver to complete the 2015 line-up.[58] Ferrari Driver Academy member Raffaele Marciello acted as reserve driver. The team also underwent a livery change in accordance to their new sponsor Banco do Brasil.[59][60]

Driver's contractual dispute

The start of the season saw Sauber become involved in legal action commenced by their 2014 reserve driver, Giedo van der Garde. On 5 March 2015, van der Garde received a partial award under international arbitration by the Swiss Chambers' Arbitration Institution, upholding the driver's contract for a race seat in 2015.[61] Sauber breached the contract when the team instead signed Felipe Nasr and Marcus Ericsson as announced in November 2014. Despite the Swiss arbitrator ordering Sauber to "refrain from taking any action the effect of which would be to deprive Mr. van der Garde of his entitlement to participate in the 2015 Formula One season as one of Sauber's two nominated race drivers", further legal action was required to see the award enforced.[62] Just prior to the Australian Grand Prix held on 13 to 15 March 2015, van der Garde applied to an Australian court who ordered, at first instance on 11 March and on 12 March following Sauber's failed appeal, that he be permitted to race in Melbourne.[63] Due to the risk of having its assets seized for not obeying Court orders,[62] Sauber opted to abort participation in Friday morning's first practice session[64] pending an outcome in contempt of court proceedings against Sauber's team principal, Monisha Kaltenborn.[65]

Based on media speculation, however, thanks to an intervention by Bernie Ecclestone to avoid further negative publicity on the sport,[66] Ericsson and Nasr were able to take part in Friday afternoon's second practice session.[67] The matter was temporarily resolved on Saturday, 14 March 2015, following an announcement by van der Garde that he would forego racing in Melbourne,[68] with a view to finding a more permanent solution in the future.[69] The Sauber team and its new drivers for 2015, Ericsson and Nasr, were thus able to complete the Saturday qualifying session and point-scoring race on the Sunday. Three days later, on 18 March 2015, van der Garde confirmed that he and Sauber had reached, by mutual consent, a settlement that would see him relinquish, once and for all, his rights to race in Formula One with the team in return for compensation in the amount of US$16 million.[66][70] The controversy, however, continued due to a statement released by van der Garde revealing further background and indicating that his intention had also been that of promoting the rights of racing drivers, whose contracts are often dishonoured. In response, the Sauber team expressed surprise at van der Garde's post-settlement statement opting to not comment further on the matter.[71]

After the resolution of the dispute, Sauber underwent an improvement from the previous year, finishing fifth in the race, their best result all year. They finished the season eighth, ahead of McLaren and Marussia.

 
Sauber drivers Felipe Nasr and Marcus Ericsson racing for position at the 2016 Bahrain Grand Prix
2016

On 23 July 2015, Sauber confirmed that Ericsson and Nasr would be retained for 2016.[72]

Mid 2016 sale to Longbow Finance S.A.

On 20 July 2016 it was announced that Swiss based investment firm Longbow Finance had bought both Peter Sauber and Monisha Kaltenborn's shares in the company, which made Longbow Finance the sole owner of Sauber. Pascal Picci was announced to take Peter Sauber's role as chairman of the board and president. Monisha Kaltenborn remained as Team principal and CEO of Sauber. The acquisition by Longbow Finance followed a series of speculation about the future of Sauber. The team had been in financial trouble for years before the change of ownership, often being unable to pay salaries to team members on time.[8][73] Longbow's owners are said to include Swedish billionaires Finn Rausing,[74][75] Stefan Persson and Karl-Johan Persson.[75]

During the season, the team only scored points on one occasion; Felipe Nasr's ninth-placed finish in the Brazilian Grand Prix scored two points for the team, who finished tenth in the Constructors' Championship, one point ahead of Manor.[76]

2017
 
Pascal Wehrlein competing for Sauber at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix

On 11 November 2016, Sauber announced Ericsson would remain with the team in 2017.[77] On 16 January 2017, the team announced the signing of Pascal Wehrlein, replacing Nasr.[78] After Wehrlein was injured in a crash at the 2017 Race of Champions, Ferrari third driver Antonio Giovinazzi took his place for the first winter test.[79] Despite Wehrlein being fit to take part in the Australian Grand Prix, he later withdrew after participating in the first two practice sessions, with Giovinazzi replacing him for the rest of the race weekend.[80] Giovinazzi again replaced Wehrlein for the following race in China.[81] Days before the 2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix, it was confirmed that the first ever female F1 team principal Monisha Kaltenborn would be stepping down from the team. Her role was replaced by former Renault team principal Frédéric Vasseur.

Partnership with Alfa Romeo (2018)

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Marcus Ericsson driving an Alfa Romeo Sauber C37 during pre-season testing at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
2018

In April 2017, it was confirmed Sauber would end their engine deal with Ferrari and begin a new contract with Honda.[82] However, on 27 July 2017, it was announced that Sauber had cancelled their planned partnership with Honda for 2018 onwards for "strategic reasons".[83] The following day Sauber confirmed their new multi-year agreement with Ferrari for up-to-date engines starting in 2018.[84] On 29 November 2017, Sauber announced that they had signed a multi-year technical and commercial partnership contract with Alfa Romeo, therefore the team was renamed to Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team for the 2018 season onwards.[85]

 
Charles Leclerc driving the Sauber C37 during the first free practice session of the 2018 Chinese Grand Prix at the Shanghai International Circuit

On 2 December 2017, it was announced that Charles Leclerc and Marcus Ericsson would be racing for the team in 2018.[86] Tatiana Calderón was promoted to the role of test driver, having been a development driver for the team in 2017.[87] On 8 April at the Bahrain Grand Prix, Ericsson placed ninth and picked up 2 points for the team using a one-stop strategy. Two races later, Leclerc finished sixth in the Azerbaijan Grand Prix which was the team's highest position since the 2015 Australian Grand Prix. The race that followed in Spain saw Leclerc finish in tenth and score back to back points finishing results. It was the first time Sauber finished in the points in back to back races since 2015. Over the course of the season, Sauber would finish in the points on 12 occasions and would get both cars in the points twice.

 
Antonio Giovinazzi driving the Alfa Romeo C38 during the 2019 Hungarian Grand Prix at the Hungaroring

Sauber finished the season with a respectable 48 points, finishing in eighth position on the Constructors' Championship. Following the season's conclusion, Ericsson was not retained for the following season and Leclerc departed for Scuderia Ferrari.[88]

Alfa Romeo Racing/F1 Team (2019–2023)

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Main article: Alfa Romeo in Formula One § Partnership with Sauber (2019–2023)

2019

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In September 2018, Sauber confirmed that Kimi Räikkönen would be swapping places with Charles Leclerc for the 2019 season.[89] Also announced in September 2018 was that Ericsson would stay with the team, but as third driver and brand ambassador.[90] Antonio Giovinazzi would replace Ericsson and drive alongside Räikkönen for the 2019 season.[91] On 1 February 2019, Sauber announced that it would compete in the 2019 season as Alfa Romeo Racing[92] although the ownership, Swiss racing licence,[93] and management structure would remain unchanged.[94]

The 2019 season was a good season for Alfa Romeo – they managed to score 57 points and finished eighth in the Constructors' Championship.[95] Räikkönen managed nine point finishes over the 2019 season, with four consecutive top-10 finishes in the first four races.[96] Giovinazzi only managed four point finishes over the season.

Highlight of the season for the team came in Brazil. After an action packed race, a collision between Alexander Albon and Lewis Hamilton saw both Alfa Romeo's promoted into the top 5. Räikkönen finished P4 and Giovinazzi finished P5,[97][98] securing 22 points for the team and solidifying eighth in the Constructors' Championship.

2020

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Kimi Räikkönen driving the Alfa Romeo C39 at the 2020 Pre-Season testing session at Circuit de Cataluyna

Räikkönen and Giovinazzi stayed on for the team after an impressive 2019 season.[99] Ericsson decided to focus fully on IndyCar rather than being Alfa Romeo's reserve driver.[100] Ericsson ensured that he will maintain links with Alfa Romeo and Sauber.[101] Alfa Romeo signed Robert Kubica to replace Ericsson after he was released by Williams.[102] This also meant that PKN Orlen would become the co-title sponsors of Alfa Romeo.[103][104]

After an investigation was launched against Ferrari's power unit, the FIA reached an unknown agreement with Ferrari, Haas and Alfa Romeo.[105] The details of this agreement are unknown, but it was done to hinder the performance of the Ferrari power unit.[106]

The 2020 season was not a good season for Alfa Romeo. While they did manage to retain eighth in the Constructors' Championship, they only managed to get eight points, 49 points below what they got in 2019. Throughout the season, Räikkönen managed only two point finishes, with Giovinazzi got three. Both drivers ended up with four points and ended in 16th and 17th in the drivers' standings respectively.

2021

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Alfa Romeo retained both Räikkönen and Giovinazzi with Kubica as the reserve driver for the 2021 season. Ahead of the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, Alfa Romeo confirmed that Callum Ilott would become their test driver. The Ferrari power unit agreement with the FIA had finished, meaning the power unit should be back to normal use.

Alfa Romeo finished ninth in the Constructors' Championship with 13 points. Räikkönen scored 10 points by finishing in top 10 on four occasions, while Giovinazzi scored twice to collect the remaining three points. Räikkönen tested positive for COVID-19 ahead of the Dutch Grand Prix, forcing him to sit out of the event as well as the Italian Grand Prix a week later. Kubica stood in, finishing 15th and 14th respectively.

2022

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After Räikkönen announced his retirement and the team elected not to retain Giovinazzi, former Mercedes driver Valtteri Bottas and rookie Zhou Guanyu were signed for the 2022 season. The team entered the season as Alfa Romeo F1 Team.[107] Bottas had a best result of fifth at Imola and finished 10th in the overall standings, whereas Zhou scored points in three races and ranked 18th in the drivers' standings.

2023

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Sauber ended their relationship with Alfa Romeo at the end of 2023 season after deciding not to renew the agreement.[108] The driver pairing of Bottas and Zhou were retained for the season. On 13 December 2022, Andreas Seidl was announced as Sauber's new chief executive officer from January 2023, replacing Frédéric Vasseur.[109] In January 2023, Alfa Romeo announced a multi-year title sponsorship agreement with online casino Stake, renaming the team as Alfa Romeo F1 Team Stake.[110][111] The team also signed a partnership agreement with live streaming platform Kick,[112] which is invested by Stake co-founder and owner Eddie Craven.[113] Kick's name and logo will replace Stake's in countries where gambling and sports betting advertisements are not allowed as Alfa Romeo F1 Team Kick.[114]

Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber (2024–2025)

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2024

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Bottas and Zhou on the grid for Sprint Race, 2024 Chinese Grand Prix

Sauber officially lost Alfa Romeo sponsorship due to transitioning to Audi Sport from 2026 onwards. While Zhou and Bottas stayed on for the 2024 season,[115][116] Sauber entered the season as Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber (but will go as Stake F1 Team on a day-to-day basis), continuing the sponsorship deals signed by Alfa Romeo with Stake and Kick in the previous season. In countries where gambling advertisement is disallowed, the team will present as Kick F1 Team, and will replace all Stake sponsors on their car with Kick logos, just as they had done in 2023.[117][118] Kick has also acquired the naming rights of the chassis for two seasons, with the 2024 car named as Kick Sauber C44.[119] On 5 February the car launch event was held at London's Guildhall which was hosted by Naomi Schiff.[120]

2025

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On 26 April 2024, Kick Sauber announced that Nico Hülkenberg would return to the team starting from 2025, coming from Haas F1 Team.[121]

Audi factory team (from 2026)

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Main article: Audi in Formula One

On 26 October 2022, it was announced that Sauber will compete as the Audi factory team from 2026, using Audi's power unit.[122] In January 2023, Audi announced the acquisition of a minority stake in the Sauber Group.[9] On 8 March 2024, the Audi Group confirmed a full takeover of Sauber. Former McLaren team principal Andreas Seidl was planned continue as CEO, additionally taking over the role principal from Alessandro Alunni Bravi.[123] However, he was replaced by former Ferrari team principal Mattia Binotto starting from 1 August 2024.[124] Additionally, Red Bull sporting director Jonathan Wheatley will join in 2026 after he left Red Bull in 2024 and is planned to go on gardening leave in 2025.[125]

Sauber Academy

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Main article: Sauber Academy

In November 2018, Sauber entered a partnership with Czech team Charouz Racing System to form the Sauber Junior Team, followed by the creation of a karting team in March 2019.[126][127] In 2020, Sauber relaunched the junior team as Sauber Academy and parted ways with Charouz.[128][129]

Racing record

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Main article: Sauber Grand Prix results
Formula One results
Year Name Car Engine Tyres No. Drivers Points WCC
Sauber
1993   Team Sauber Formula 1 C12 Sauber 2175A 3.5 V10 G 29.
30. 		  Karl Wendlinger
  JJ Lehto 		12 7th
1994   Broker Sauber Mercedes
  Sauber Mercedes[N 7] 		C13 Mercedes 2175B 3.5 V10 G 29.
29.
29.
30. 		  Karl Wendlinger
  Andrea de Cesaris
  JJ Lehto
  Heinz-Harald Frentzen 		12 8th
1995   Red Bull Sauber Ford C14 Ford ECA Zetec-R 3.0 V8 G 29.
29.
30. 		  Karl Wendlinger
  Jean-Christophe Boullion
  Heinz-Harald Frentzen 		18 7th
1996   Red Bull Sauber Ford C15 Ford JD Zetec-R 3.0 V10 G 14.
15. 		  Johnny Herbert
  Heinz-Harald Frentzen 		11 7th
1997   Red Bull Sauber Petronas C16 Petronas SPE-01 3.0 V10 G 16.
17.
17.
17. 		  Johnny Herbert
  Nicola Larini
  Gianni Morbidelli
  Norberto Fontana 		16 7th
1998   Red Bull Sauber Petronas C17 Petronas SPE-01D 3.0 V10 G 14.
15. 		  Jean Alesi
  Johnny Herbert 		10 6th
1999   Red Bull Sauber Petronas C18 Petronas SPE-03A 3.0 V10 B 11.
12. 		  Jean Alesi
  Pedro Diniz 		5 8th
2000   Red Bull Sauber Petronas C19 Petronas SPE-04A 3.0 V10 B 16.
17. 		  Pedro Diniz
  Mika Salo 		6 8th
2001   Red Bull Sauber Petronas C20 Petronas 01A 3.0 V10 B 16.
17. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Kimi Räikkönen 		21 4th
2002   Sauber Petronas C21 Petronas 02A 3.0 V10 B 7.
8.
8. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Felipe Massa
  Heinz-Harald Frentzen 		11 5th
2003   Sauber Petronas C22 Petronas 03A 3.0 V10 B 9.
10. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Heinz-Harald Frentzen 		19 6th
2004   Sauber Petronas C23 Petronas 04A 3.0 V10 B 11.
12. 		  Giancarlo Fisichella
  Felipe Massa 		34 6th
2005   Sauber Petronas C24 Petronas 05A 3.0 V10 M 11.
12. 		  Jacques Villeneuve
  Felipe Massa 		20 8th
BMW Sauber
2006   BMW Sauber F1 Team F1.06 BMW P86/6 2.4 V8 M 16.
17.
17. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Jacques Villeneuve
  Robert Kubica 		36 5th
2007   BMW Sauber F1 Team F1.07 BMW P86/7 2.4 V8 B 9.
10.
10. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Robert Kubica
  Sebastian Vettel 		101 2nd
2008   BMW Sauber F1 Team F1.08 BMW P86/8 2.4 V8 B 3.
4. 		  Nick Heidfeld
  Robert Kubica 		135 3rd
2009   BMW Sauber F1 Team F1.09 BMW P86/9 2.4 V8 B 5.
6. 		  Robert Kubica
  Nick Heidfeld 		36 6th
2010   BMW Sauber F1 Team[N 8] C29 Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 B 22.
22.
23. 		  Pedro de la Rosa
  Nick Heidfeld
  Kamui Kobayashi 		44 8th
Sauber
2011   Sauber F1 Team C30 Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 P 16.
17.
17. 		  Kamui Kobayashi
  Sergio Pérez
  Pedro de la Rosa 		44 7th
2012   Sauber F1 Team C31 Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 P 14.
15. 		  Kamui Kobayashi
  Sergio Pérez 		126 6th
2013   Sauber F1 Team C32 Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 P 11.
12. 		  Nico Hülkenberg
  Esteban Gutiérrez 		57 7th
2014   Sauber F1 Team C33 Ferrari 059/3 1.6 V6 t P 21.
99. 		  Esteban Gutiérrez
  Adrian Sutil 		0 10th
2015   Sauber F1 Team C34 Ferrari 060 1.6 V6 t P 9.
12. 		  Marcus Ericsson
  Felipe Nasr 		36 8th
2016   Sauber F1 Team C35 Ferrari 061 1.6 V6 t P 9.
12. 		  Marcus Ericsson
  Felipe Nasr 		2 10th
2017   Sauber F1 Team C36 Ferrari 061 1.6 V6 t P 9.
36.
94. 		  Marcus Ericsson
  Antonio Giovinazzi
  Pascal Wehrlein 		5 10th
2018   Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team C37 Ferrari 063 1.6 V6 t P 9.
16. 		  Marcus Ericsson
  Charles Leclerc 		48 8th
Alfa Romeo
2019   Alfa Romeo Racing C38 Ferrari 064 1.6 V6 t P 7.
99. 		  Kimi Räikkönen
  Antonio Giovinazzi 		57 8th
2020   Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen C39 Ferrari 065 1.6 V6 t P 7.
99. 		  Kimi Räikkönen
  Antonio Giovinazzi 		8 8th
2021   Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen C41 Ferrari 065/6 1.6 V6 t P 7.
88.
99. 		  Kimi Räikkönen
  Robert Kubica
  Antonio Giovinazzi 		13 9th
2022   Alfa Romeo F1 Team Orlen C42 Ferrari 066/7 1.6 V6 t P 24.
77. 		  Zhou Guanyu
  Valtteri Bottas 		55 6th
2023   Alfa Romeo F1 Team Stake C43 Ferrari 066/10 1.6 V6 t P 24.
77. 		  Zhou Guanyu
  Valtteri Bottas 		16 9th
Kick Sauber
2024   Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber C44 Ferrari 066/12 1.6 V6 t P 24.
77. 		  Zhou Guanyu
  Valtteri Bottas 		0* 10th*

Notes

  • * – Season still in progress.

Footnotes

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  1. ^ The total tally includes 70 races in which the team competed as BMW Sauber and 21 races in which the team competed as Kick Sauber. It does not include 60 races in which the team competed as Alfa Romeo Racing and 44 races in which the team competed as Alfa Romeo.
  2. ^ The team won its only race as BMW Sauber.
  3. ^ The team achieved its only pole position as BMW Sauber.
  4. ^ The total tally includes 17 podiums achieved as BMW Sauber.
  5. ^ The total tally includes points achieved as BMW Sauber.
  6. ^ The total tally includes 2 fastest laps achieved as BMW Sauber.
  7. ^ Sauber dropped Broker as title sponsor mid-season.
  8. ^ BMW remained in the team's official title due to issues with the Concorde Agreement.

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