Wikipedia

Rosablanca Formation

The Rosablanca Formation (Spanish: Formación Rosablanca, Kir) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes and the Middle Magdalena Basin. The formation consists of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with at the upper part sandstones. The formation dates to the Early Cretaceous period; Valanginian epoch and has a thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the valley of the Sogamoso River.

Rosablanca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Valanginian
~136–133 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesPaja Fm., Ritoque Fm.
OverliesCumbres Fm., Girón Fm., Los Medios Fm.
Thickness~470 m (1,540 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherShale
Location
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
RegionAltiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country Colombia
Type section
Named byWheeler
LocationMesa de Los Santos
Year defined1929
Coordinates4°27′07″N 74°03′20″W / 4.45194°N 74.05556°W / 4.45194; -74.05556
RegionBoyacá, Santander
Country Colombia

Definition edit

The formation was first defined by Wheeler in 1929.[1]

Description edit

Lithologies edit

The Rosablanca Formation is characterised by a sequence of grey limestones, dolomites and shales with a maximum thickness of 425 metres (1,394 ft) in the Sogamoso River valley.[1]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment edit

The Rosablanca Formation overlies the Arcabuco Formation and is overlain by the Ritoque Formation. The age has been estimated to be Valanginian. Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Macanal Formation.[1]

Fossils edit

Fossils of the decapod crustacean Diaulax rosablanca have been found in and named after the Rosablanca Formation.[2] In 2019, fossils of brachiopodSellithyris elizabetha were described from the formation.[3] In 2020 remains of indeterminate pterosaurs were described from the formation, including pterodactyloids and non-Pteranodontian ornithocheiroids.[4] In 2005 the remains of Platychelyid sea turtle Notoemys zapatocaensis were described,[5] and in 2023 the limbs and shell elements of protostegids were described as some of the largest Early Cretaceous turtles.[6]

Outcrops edit

 
 
class=notpageimage|
Type locality of the Rosablanca Formation in Santander

The Rosablanca Formation is found, apart from its type locality on the Mesa de Los Santos, Santander, in Boyacá and the Middle Magdalena Basin.

Regional correlations edit


Stratigraphy of the Llanos Basin and surrounding provinces
Ma Age Paleomap Regional events Catatumbo Cordillera proximal Llanos distal Llanos Putumayo VSM Environments Maximum thickness Petroleum geology Notes
0.01 Holocene
 
 Holocene volcanism
Seismic activity		 alluvium Overburden
1 Pleistocene
 
 Pleistocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
Glaciations		 Guayabo Soatá
Sabana		 Necesidad Guayabo Gigante
 Alluvial to fluvial (Guayabo) 550 m (1,800 ft)
(Guayabo)		 [7][8][9][10]
2.6 Pliocene
 
 Pliocene volcanism
Andean orogeny 3
GABI		 Subachoque
5.3 Messinian Andean orogeny 3
Foreland		 Marichuela Caimán Honda [9][11]
13.5 Langhian Regional flooding León hiatus Caja León Lacustrine (León) 400 m (1,300 ft)
(León)		 Seal [10][12]
16.2 Burdigalian Miocene inundations
Andean orogeny 2		 C1 Carbonera C1 Ospina Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C1) 850 m (2,790 ft)
(Carbonera)		 Reservoir [11][10]
17.3 C2 Carbonera C2 Distal lacustrine-deltaic (C2) Seal
19 C3 Carbonera C3 Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C3) Reservoir
21 Early Miocene Pebas wetlands C4 Carbonera C4 Barzalosa Distal fluvio-deltaic (C4) Seal
23 Late Oligocene
 
 Andean orogeny 1
Foredeep		 C5 Carbonera C5 Orito Proximal fluvio-deltaic (C5) Reservoir [8][11]
25 C6 Carbonera C6 Distal fluvio-lacustrine (C6) Seal
28 Early Oligocene C7 C7 Pepino Gualanday Proximal deltaic-marine (C7) Reservoir [8][11][13]
32 Oligo-Eocene C8 Usme C8 onlap Marine-deltaic (C8) Seal
Source		 [13]
35 Late Eocene
 
 Mirador Mirador Coastal (Mirador) 240 m (790 ft)
(Mirador)		 Reservoir [10][14]
40 Middle Eocene Regadera hiatus
45
50 Early Eocene
 
 Socha Los Cuervos Deltaic (Los Cuervos) 260 m (850 ft)
(Los Cuervos)		 Seal
Source		 [10][14]
55 Late Paleocene PETM
2000 ppm CO2		 Los Cuervos Bogotá Gualanday
60 Early Paleocene SALMA Barco Guaduas Barco Rumiyaco Fluvial (Barco) 225 m (738 ft)
(Barco)		 Reservoir [7][8][11][10][15]
65 Maastrichtian
 
 KT extinction Catatumbo Guadalupe Monserrate Deltaic-fluvial (Guadalupe) 750 m (2,460 ft)
(Guadalupe)		 Reservoir [7][10]
72 Campanian End of rifting Colón-Mito Juan [10][16]
83 Santonian Villeta/Güagüaquí
86 Coniacian
89 Turonian Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event La Luna Chipaque Gachetá hiatus Restricted marine (all) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Gachetá)		 Source [7][10][17]
93 Cenomanian
 
 Rift 2
100 Albian Une Une Caballos Deltaic (Une) 500 m (1,600 ft)
(Une)		 Reservoir [11][17]
113 Aptian
 
 Capacho Fómeque Motema Yaví Open marine (Fómeque) 800 m (2,600 ft)
(Fómeque)		 Source (Fóm) [8][10][18]
125 Barremian High biodiversity Aguardiente Paja Shallow to open marine (Paja) 940 m (3,080 ft)
(Paja)		 Reservoir [7]
129 Hauterivian
 
 Rift 1 Tibú-
Mercedes		 Las Juntas hiatus Deltaic (Las Juntas) 910 m (2,990 ft)
(Las Juntas)		 Reservoir (LJun) [7]
133 Valanginian Río Negro Cáqueza
Macanal
Rosablanca		 Restricted marine (Macanal) 2,935 m (9,629 ft)
(Macanal)		 Source (Mac) [8][19]
140 Berriasian Girón
145 Tithonian Break-up of Pangea Jordán Arcabuco Buenavista
 Saldaña Alluvial, fluvial (Buenavista) 110 m (360 ft)
(Buenavista)		 "Jurassic" [11][20]
150 Early-Mid Jurassic
 
 Passive margin 2 La Quinta
Noreán		 hiatus Coastal tuff (La Quinta) 100 m (330 ft)
(La Quinta)		 [21]
201 Late Triassic
 
 Mucuchachi Payandé [11]
235 Early Triassic
 
 Pangea hiatus "Paleozoic"
250 Permian
 
300 Late Carboniferous
 
 Famatinian orogeny Cerro Neiva
()		 [22]
340 Early Carboniferous Fossil fish
Romer's gap		 Cuche
(355-385)		 Farallones
()		 Deltaic, estuarine (Cuche) 900 m (3,000 ft)
(Cuche)
360 Late Devonian
 
 Passive margin 1 Río Cachirí
(360-419)		 Ambicá
()		 Alluvial-fluvial-reef (Farallones) 2,400 m (7,900 ft)
(Farallones)		 [19][23][24][25][26]
390 Early Devonian
 
 High biodiversity Floresta
(387-400)
 Shallow marine (Floresta) 600 m (2,000 ft)
(Floresta)
410 Late Silurian Silurian mystery
425 Early Silurian hiatus
440 Late Ordovician
 
 Rich fauna in Bolivia San Pedro
(450-490)		 Duda
()
470 Early Ordovician First fossils Busbanzá
(>470±22)
 Guape
()		 Río Nevado
()		 [27][28][29]
488 Late Cambrian
 
 Regional intrusions Chicamocha
(490-515)		 Quetame
()		 Ariarí
()		 SJ del Guaviare
(490-590)		 San Isidro
()		 [30][31]
515 Early Cambrian Cambrian explosion [29][32]
542 Ediacaran
 
 Break-up of Rodinia pre-Quetame post-Parguaza El Barro
()		 Yellow: allochthonous basement
(Chibcha Terrane)
Green: autochthonous basement
(Río Negro-Juruena Province)		 Basement [33][34]
600 Neoproterozoic Cariri Velhos orogeny Bucaramanga
(600-1400)		 pre-Guaviare [30]
800
 
 Snowball Earth [35]
1000 Mesoproterozoic
 
 Sunsás orogeny Ariarí
(1000)		 La Urraca
(1030-1100)		 [36][37][38][39]
1300 Rondônia-Juruá orogeny pre-Ariarí Parguaza
(1300-1400)		 Garzón
(1180-1550)		 [40]
1400
 
 pre-Bucaramanga [41]
1600 Paleoproterozoic Maimachi
(1500-1700)		 pre-Garzón [42]
1800
 
 Tapajós orogeny Mitú
(1800)		 [40][42]
1950 Transamazonic orogeny pre-Mitú [40]
2200 Columbia
2530 Archean
 
 Carajas-Imataca orogeny [40]
3100 Kenorland
Sources
Legend
  • group
  • important formation
  • fossiliferous formation
  • minor formation
  • (age in Ma)
  • proximal Llanos (Medina)[note 1]
  • distal Llanos (Saltarin 1A well)[note 2]


See also edit

  Geology of the Eastern Hills
  Geology of the Ocetá Páramo
  Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

Notes and references edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[43], García González et al. (2009),[44] and geological report of Villavicencio[45]
  2. ^ based on Duarte et al. (2019)[43] and the hydrocarbon potential evaluation performed by the UIS and ANH in 2009[46]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Galvis & Valencia, 2009, p.17
  2. ^ Gómez et al., 2015
  3. ^ Rojas & Sandy, 2019
  4. ^ Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Unwin, David M.; Martill, David M. (2020-10-01). "Lower Cretaceous pterosaurs from Colombia". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104526. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104526. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 224886977.
  5. ^ E. A. Cadena Rueda, E. S. Gaffney (2005). "Notoemys zapatocaensis, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira: Platychelyidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia". American Museum Novitates. 3470: 1-19. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2005)470<0001:NZANST>2.0.CO;2.
  6. ^ Cadena, Edwin-Alberto; Combita-Romero, Diego A (2023-07-12). "The onset of large size in Cretaceous marine turtles (Protostegidae) evidenced by new fossil remains from the Valanginian of Colombia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad053. ISSN 0024-4082.
  7. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.27
  8. ^ a b c d e f García González et al., 2009, p.50
  9. ^ a b García González et al., 2009, p.85
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barrero et al., 2007, p.60
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Barrero et al., 2007, p.58
  12. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.29
  13. ^ a b Plancha 177, 2015, p.39
  14. ^ a b Plancha 111, 2001, p.26
  15. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.24
  16. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.23
  17. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.32
  18. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.30
  19. ^ a b Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.21-26
  20. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, p.28
  21. ^ Correa Martínez et al., 2019, p.49
  22. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.27
  23. ^ Terraza et al., 2008, p.22
  24. ^ Plancha 229, 2015, pp.46-55
  25. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.26
  26. ^ Moreno Sánchez et al., 2009, p.53
  27. ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.43
  28. ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
  29. ^ a b Plancha 303, 2002, p.24
  30. ^ a b Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
  31. ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
  32. ^ Plancha 350, 2011, p.49
  33. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001, pp.17-21
  34. ^ Plancha 111, 2001, p.13
  35. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.23
  36. ^ Plancha 348, 2015, p.38
  37. ^ Planchas 367-414, 2003, p.35
  38. ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
  39. ^ Plancha 303, 2002, p.21
  40. ^ a b c d Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
  41. ^ Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
  42. ^ a b Bonilla et al., 2016, p.22
  43. ^ a b Duarte et al., 2019
  44. ^ García González et al., 2009
  45. ^ Pulido & Gómez, 2001
  46. ^ García González et al., 2009, p.60

Bibliography edit

Maps edit

External links edit

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