Greater Helsinki (Finnish: Helsingin seutu, Suur-Helsinki, Swedish: Helsingforsregionen, Storhelsingfors) is the metropolitan area surrounding Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. It includes the smaller Capital Region (Pääkaupunkiseutu, Huvudstadsregionen) urban area. The term "Helsinki Metropolitan Area" and the other terms used are not firmly established and may vary in different contexts.

Greater Helsinki
Helsingin seutu – Helsingforsregionen
Metropolitan area
Helsinki skyline
Helsinki skyline
CountryFinland
RegionUusimaa
Sub-regionHelsinki sub-region
SeatHelsinki
Area
 • Land3,698.99 km2 (1,428.19 sq mi)
 • Capital Region771.04 km2 (297.70 sq mi)
Population
 (2023-12-31)
 • Total1,583,038
 • Density428/km2 (1,110/sq mi)
 • Capital Region
1,246,839
GDP
 • Metro€105.831 billion (2022)
Websitewww.helsinkiregion.fi

The smaller Capital Region consists of the central cities of Helsinki, Vantaa, Espoo, and Kauniainen and has a population of approximately 1.25 million. The Greater Helsinki region is the largest urbanised area in the country with approximately 1.58 million inhabitants (2023)[2] and is by far the most important economic, cultural, and scientific region of Finland. Five out of Finland's 14 universities,[note 1] and six universities of applied sciences, and most of the headquarters of notable companies and governmental institutions are located in Greater Helsinki, as is Finland's main airline hub and airport, Helsinki Airport, which is located in Vantaa.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

These regions are located in the south of Finland, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, which is part of the Baltic Sea. They area a part of the region of Uusimaa.

It should be noted that the Helsinki Metropolitan Area differs from the Helsinki sub-region (Finnish: Helsingin seutukunta), which also includes the municipalities of Karkkila, Lohja and Siuntio.

Terminology edit

Capital Region edit

In the strictest sense, the Finnish Capital Region consists of four municipalities with city title, Helsinki, Vantaa, Espoo and Kauniainen, whose total population is about 1.25 million[2]. This area is most often called the Capital region in English, Pääkaupunkiseutu in Finnish, and Huvudstadsregionen in Swedish, although the use of the terms is not especially consistent. The vast majority of the inhabitants live in the urban areas of the cities, but within the boundaries of these cities there are also suburban and rural areas.

Greater Helsinki edit

Commonly about ten more municipalities are considered to be part of Greater Helsinki, as they can be considered to be commuter towns and exurbs of Helsinki. When Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Kerava, Kirkkonummi, Nurmijärvi, Sipoo, Tuusula, Mäntsälä, Pornainen and Vihti are included, the number of inhabitants rises to 1.58 million. All of the municipalities belong to the region of Uusimaa. Of these, Järvenpää, Kerava, Tuusula, Nurmijärvi, Sipoo, Kirkkonummi, Mäntsälä and Vihti have parts of the urban area within them. Additionally, the cities of Porvoo, Lohja, Karkkila and to some extent Riihimäki, which have very close ties, motorway and, in the case of Riihimäki, commuter train accesses, and are fairly close to the capital, are nowadays often included in regional planning, which raises the total population to about 1.72 million.

Helsinki Region Cooperation Assembly edit

The Helsinki Region Cooperation Assembly is a cooperative body of the municipalities of the Helsinki Region, whose members are the leading elected representatives of the municipalities. Seventeen municipalities participate in cooperation in the Helsinki Region:[9]

  • Cities in the Helsinki Capital Area:[note 2] Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen.
  • The so-called KUUMA municipalities: Järvenpää, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula, Kerava, Mäntsälä, Pornainen, Hyvinkää, Kirkkonummi, Vihti and Sipoo.
  • Partnership municipalities: Porvoo, Lohja and Siuntio.

The common goal of the participating municipalities is to develop cooperation and advocacy. The cooperation is based on the common vision of the municipalities in the Helsinki region regarding the challenges facing the region and the common will to contribute to the development of the region.[9]

Other definitions edit

As a part of the "Urban audit" project, Eurostat has attempted to standardise the concept of a 'metropolitan area'. According to this study the Metropolitan area of Helsinki consists of the kernel of Helsinki: Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen. The Helsinki Larger Urban Area (Helsingin seutu in Finnish) consists of 12 cities and municipalities: the kernel of Helsinki and the aforementioned eight municipalities.[10]

Statistics Finland define the commuter belt of Helsinki (Helsingin työssäkäyntialue, Helsingfors pendlingsområde) to include a total of 27 municipalities and a population of 1.77 million.[11][12] In addition to that, there are people from as far as Lahti and even Tampere commuting to Helsinki daily.

Statistics Finland also defines the Helsinki urban area according to the official Finnish definion of an urban area (taajama in Finnish). Urban areas in Finland are defined as inhabited areas of at least 200 people with a maximum distance of 200 metres (660 ft) between buildings.[13][14] The Helsinki urban area is the largest of its kind in Finland, and encompasses land throughout Greater Helsinki, with notable gaps around forests and other less-densely populated areas.

Statistics edit

The table below lists population, area, and population density for the largest municipalities of the Greater Helsinki area. ("Helsinki Metropolitan Area" and the other terms used are not firmly established and may vary in different contexts.) The commuter towns of Lohja and Porvoo are not usually included, though, if they were (considering their proximity to Helsinki and their high commuting rate), they would raise the overall population above 1.7 million people. Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula, Mäntsälä and Pornainen, which have been designated as municipalities in Central Uusimaa in recent decades, have shown clear population growth due to their urban but also loose rural environment. These are also known as "Kuuma-kunnat" (literally means "hot municipalities").[15]

Municipality Area Population
(2023-12-31)
Population density
Helsinki 214.42 km² 674,963 3,147.85/km²
Espoo 312.35 km² 314,152 1,005.77/km²
Vantaa 238.38 km² 247,447 1,038.04/km²
Kauniainen 5.89 km² 10,277 1,744.82/km²
Capital region 771.04 km² 1,246,839 1,617.09/km²
Hyvinkää 322.69 km² 46,903 145.35/km²
Mäntsälä 580.85 km² 20,950 36.07/km²
Pornainen 146.53 km² 4,975 33.95/km²
Järvenpää 37.54 km² 46,475 1,238.01/km²
Kerava 30.63 km² 38,227 1,248.02/km²
Kirkkonummi 366.6 km² 41,160 112.27/km²
Nurmijärvi 361.9 km² 44,773 123.72/km²
Sipoo 339.66 km² 22,590 66.51/km²
Tuusula 219.53 km² 41,334 188.28/km²
Vihti 522.02 km² 28,812 55.19/km²
Commuter towns 2,927.95 km² 336,199 114.82/km²
Metropolitan area (Greater Helsinki) 3,698.99 km² 1,583,038 427.96/km²

Municipalities edit

Coat of
arms
Municipality Population Land area
(km²)
Density
(/km²)
Finnish
speakers
Swedish
speakers
Other
speakers
  Espoo 314,152 312 1,006 70 % 6 % 21 %
  Helsinki 674,963 214 3,148 75 % 5 % 18 %
  Hyvinkää 46,903 323 145 92 % 1 % 7 %
  Järvenpää 46,475 38 1,238 90 % 1 % 7 %
  Kauniainen 10,277 6 1,745 59 % 31 % 10 %
  Kerava 38,227 31 1,248 83 % 1 % 14 %
  Kirkkonummi 41,160 367 112 73 % 15 % 11 %
  Mäntsälä 20,950 581 36 94 % 1 % 5 %
  Nurmijärvi 44,773 362 124 91 % 1 % 7 %
  Pornainen 4,975 147 34 95 % 2 % 4 %
  Sipoo 22,590 340 67 64 % 28 % 6 %
  Tuusula 41,334 220 188 89 % 1 % 7 %
  Vantaa 247,447 238 1,038 72 % 2 % 24 %
  Vihti 28,812 522 55 92 % 2 % 7 %
Total 1,554,226 2,939 539 77 % 5 % 17 %

Economy edit

In 2020 Helsinki's gross metropolitan product was €94.2 billion (US$100 billion). This puts Helsinki in 23rd place among cities in European Union.[16]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ These are Aalto University, the University of Helsinki, the University of the Arts Helsinki, the Hanken School of Economics, and the National Defence University.
  2. ^ The official Finnish and Swedish conventions use the term "capital" (Finnish: pääkaupunkiseudun kaupungit, Swedish: huvudstadsregionens städer), although the unofficial English translation uses the term "metropolitan".

References edit

  1. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu.
  2. ^ a b "Immigration record high in Finland in 2023". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Campuses - Laurea University of Applied Sciences". www.laurea.fi. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  4. ^ "About Haaga-Helia | Haaga-Helia". www.haaga-helia.fi. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  5. ^ "Helsinki". Diaconia University of Applied Sciences. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  6. ^ "Campuses | Our campuses create an attractive learning environment". www.metropolia.fi. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  7. ^ "On campus your future starts now! | Arcada". www.arcada.fi. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
  8. ^ "Humak University of Applied Sciences".
  9. ^ a b "Helsinki Region Cooperation Assembly". Information of Helsinki. City of Helsinki. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  10. ^ http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/dsis/urbstat/library?l=/urban_audit_reports/urban_audit_2006/final_reportpdf_18/_EN_1.0_&a=d[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Statistics Finland; The correspondence table between municipalities and travel-to-work areas in 2023
  12. ^ National Land Survey of Finland; pdf-file 'Pinta-alatilasto', downloadable from page. Archived 2011-05-20 at archive.today Areas of municipalities in Finland. Accessed on 2008-09-08.
  13. ^ "Taajamissa asuu 84 prosenttia väestöstä". Statistics Finland (in Finnish). 15 January 2008. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  14. ^ Facta (encyclopedia) part 16, page 203, finnish
  15. ^ Kuuma.fi
  16. ^ "EU regions by GDP, Eurostat".

External links edit