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Coalition of the Gulf War

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Under United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, a coalition of 39 countries, led by the United States, fought Iraq in the Gulf War (1990–1991).

Coalition by number of military personnelEdit

 
Multinational group (Qatari F1 Mirage & Alpha Jet, French F1 Mirage, U.S. F-16, and Canadian CF-18 Air Forces) of fighter jets during Operation Desert Shield
 
A Royal Saudi Air Force Tornado F3 during Operation Desert Storm.
 
Coalition troops from Egypt, France, Oman, Syria, and Kuwait stand for review during Operation Desert Storm.
List of Coalition forces by number of military personnel
Country Number of personnel Comments / Major events
  United States 697,000[1] Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm
Battle of Khafji
Battle of 73 Easting
Battle of Al Busayyah
Battle of Phase Line Bullet
Battle of Medina Ridge
Battle of Wadi al-Batin
Battle of Norfolk
  Saudi Arabia 60,000 – 100,000 Operation Desert Shield
Battle of Khafji
Operation Desert Storm
  United Kingdom 53,462[2] Operation Granby
Battle of Norfolk. 16 ships, 58 aircraft, 1st Armd Div HQ, 7th Armd Bde, 4th Armd Bde[3]
  Egypt 35,000 Operation Desert Storm
  France 18,000 Opération Daguet. LTG Michel Roquejoeoffre: 20,000 troops, 14 ships, 1 CV, more than 75 aircraft, 350 tanks, & 6th Armored Division.[3]
  Syria 14,500 Operation Desert Storm
  Morocco 13,000 Security Personnel
  Kuwait 9,900 Invasion of Kuwait
Operation Desert Storm
  Oman 6,300 Operation Desert Storm
  Pakistan 4,900 – 5,500 Backup team
  Canada 4,600 Operation Friction
  United Arab Emirates 4,300 Operation Desert Storm
  Qatar 2,600 Battle of Khafji
  Bangladesh 2,300[4] (Operation Moru-prantar) Security Personnel including 2 field Ambulance teams
  Italy 1,950 (Operazione Locusta) Deployed 8 Panavia Tornado strike attack aircraft, Naval deployment (Operazione Golfo 2)
4 ships, 8 Tornado fighters, 6 F-104 fighters to Turkey
  Australia 700 Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War. Australia contributed at least 1 guided missile frigate, 1 destroyer, 1 supply ship.[3]
  Netherlands 700 Naval deployment; Air Force deployments of Surface-to-Air Missiles to Turkey and Israel
  Niger 600 Patroller group. At least 480 troops guarding shrines in Mecca and Medina.[3]
  Sweden 525[5] Field hospital
  Senegal 500[3] Base Guards
  Spain 500 on the field / 3,000 off the coast Engineers, 2 corvettes and 1 destroyer patrolling near Bab al Mandeb[3]
  Argentina 450 2 frigates and 450 troops[3]Operation Bishop
  Bahrain 400 Base Guards
  Belgium 400 Base Engineers, 2 minesweepers, 1 squadron of fighters to Turkey[3]
  Romania 363 medical personnel and 21 soldiers[6] Operation Granby[6]
Medical team deployed in Al Jubayl[7][8]
  Poland 319 Operation Simoom
Naval and medical deployment
  South Korea 314 Medical and transportation support
  Norway 280 Naval vessel and field hospital + intelligence information
  Czechoslovakia 200-man chemical defence unit and 150 medical personnel [3] Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm
Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War
  Greece 200 Hellenic Air Force Pilots and ground support staff, 1 frigate in Red Sea [3]
  Philippines 200 Medical personnel
  Honduras 150 Washington Post Jan, 15, 1991: 150 troops sent, may send 350 more.[3]
  Denmark 100 HDMS Olfert Fischer (Niels Juel-class Corvette)[3]
  New Zealand 100 2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[9]
  Germany 1 squadron of fighters to Turkey [4]
  Portugal 52 Logistic support with one Military Logistic Ship and 2 Lockheed C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[10][11]
  Hungary 40 Medical team[12]

Coalition by commandEdit

Army Central CommandEdit

Marine Central CommandEdit

Joint Forces Command EastEdit

Joint Forces Command NorthEdit

Commanders of coalitionEdit

BangladeshEdit

CzechoslovakiaEdit

EgyptEdit

FranceEdit

ItalyEdit

Saudi ArabiaEdit

SyriaEdit

United KingdomEdit

United StatesEdit

Coalition by equipmentEdit

United StatesEdit

TanksEdit

Armored vehiclesEdit

  • M2A2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
  • M3A2 Bradley CFV (Cavalry Fighting Vehicle)
  • AAVP7A1 Assault Amphibian Vehicle Personnel (USMC)
  • LAV-25 Light Armored Vehicle (USMC)
  • LAV-AT Light Armored Vehicle (Anti-Tank) (USMC)
  • M113A2/A3 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)
  • TPz Fuchs APC NBC and EW variants (UOR acquisition from Germany)
  • M901A1 ITV (Improved TOW Vehicle)

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rocketsEdit

  • LAV-M Light Armored Vehicle (Mortar) (USMC)
  • M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
  • M109A2/A3/A4 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • M110A2 8 inch SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • M270 MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System

Anti-aircraftEdit

Artillery and mortarsEdit

Engineering and recovery vehicles

Command vehiclesEdit

  • M577A2 ACP (Armored Command Post) Carrier
  • AACV7A1 (Assault Amphibian Vehicle Command) (USMC)
  • LAV-25C2 Light Armored Vehicle (Command & Control) (USMC)
  • M981 FISTV (Fire Support Team Vehicle)

Other vehiclesEdit

HelicoptersEdit

AircraftEdit

Aircraft carriersEdit

BattleshipsEdit

SubmarinesEdit

Amphibious assault shipsEdit

Guided missile cruisersEdit

Destroyer tendersEdit

DestroyersEdit

Guided missile destroyersEdit

FrigatesEdit

Amphibious transport docksEdit

Ammunition shipsEdit

Dock landing shipsEdit

Tank landing shipsEdit

Fast sealift shipsEdit

  • SL-7 Type (USS Algol, USNS Bellatrix, USS Denebola, USS Pollux, USNS Altair, USS Regulus, USS Capella)

Fleet oilersEdit

  • Neosho class (USS Neosho, USS Hassayampa, USS Ponchatoula)
  • Cimarron class (USS Platte)
  • Henry J. Kaiser class (USS Joshua Humphreys, USNS Andrew J. Higgins, USS Walter S. Diehl)

Combat stores shipsEdit

Fast combat support shipsEdit

Replenishment oiler shipsEdit

  • Wichita class (USS Kansas City, USS Kalamazoo)

MinesweepersEdit

Repair shipsEdit

  • Vulcan class (USS Vulcan, USS Jason)

Rescue and salvage shipsEdit

  • Edenton class (USS Beaufort)

Sealift shipsEdit

  • Wright class (USS Wright, USS Curtiss)

Hospital shipsEdit

Amphibious cargo shipsEdit

  • Charleston class (USS Durham, USS Mobile)

Mine countermeasure shipsEdit

Survey shipsEdit

  • Chauvenet class (USS Chauvenet)

Light watercraftEdit

United KingdomEdit

TanksEdit

Armoured vehiclesEdit

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rocketsEdit

Anti-aircraftEdit

Artillery and mortarsEdit

Engineering and recovery vehiclesEdit

Command vehiclesEdit

Other vehiclesEdit

AircraftEdit

DestroyersEdit

FrigatesEdit

SubmarinesEdit

Mine countermeasure vesselsEdit

Fleet support vesselsEdit

Hospital shipEdit

  • RFA Argus - "Primary casualty reception vessel"

Saudi ArabiaEdit

TanksEdit

Armoured vehiclesEdit

Self-propelled artillery/mortars/rocketsEdit

  • M109A2 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • AMX-GCT 155 mm SPH (Self-Propelled Howitzer)
  • ASTROS-II MLRS (Multiple Launch Rocket System)
  • M106A2 Self-Propelled Mortar Carrier
  • Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 81 mm)
  • Cadillac Gage V-150 Commando (Mortar 90 mm)

Artillery and mortarsEdit

Anti-aircraftEdit

  • M163 VADS Vulcan Air Defence System
  • AMX-30SA Shahine Self-Propelled SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • AMX-30SA SPAAA (Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • MIM-23 Improved Hawk SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • Shahine Stationary SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) Launcher
  • Bofors 40 mm L/70 AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • Oerlikon-Buhrle Twin 35 mm GDF AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)

Other vehiclesEdit

HelicoptersEdit

AircraftEdit

FrigatesEdit

CorvettesEdit

Patrol shipsEdit

  • Al Sadiq class (Al-Siddiq, Al-Farouq, Abdul-Aziz, Faisal, Khalid, Amr, Tariq, Ouqbah, Abu Obadiah)

Replenishment shipsEdit

KuwaitEdit

TanksEdit

  • M-84AB MBT (Main Battle Tank)

Armoured vehiclesEdit

  • BMP-2 IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle)
  • M113A1 APC (Armored Personnel Carrier)

HelicoptersEdit

AircraftEdit

Fast attack craftEdit

  • Lürssen FPB-57 (unknown number)
  • Lürssen TNC-45 (unknown number)

FranceEdit

TanksEdit

Other armoured vehiclesEdit

  • GIAT AMX-10RC armoured car
  • Panhard AML-90 armoured car
  • Panhard ERC-90F4 Sagaie armoured car
  • GIAT VAB (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé) wheeled troop carrier
  • GIAT VAB-PC (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Poste de Commandement) command vehicle
  • GIAT VAB-VCAC/HOT (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule de Combat Anti-Char) ATGM (Anti-Tank Guided Missile) launch vehicle
  • GIAT VAB-VTM (Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé - Véhicule Tracteur de Mortier) mortar tractor

Artillery and mortarsEdit

  • TR-F1 155 mm towed howitzer
  • MO-81-61C 81 mm mortar
  • MO-120-RT-61 120 mm mortar

Anti-aircraftEdit

  • GIAT 20 mm 53T2 towed AAA (Anti-Aircraft Artillery)
  • Mistral SAM (Surface-To-Air Missile) launcher

Other vehiclesEdit

  • Peugeot P4 4WD
  • VLRA (Vehicle de Liaison et Reconnaissance de L'Armee) truck

HelicoptersEdit

AircraftEdit

Aircraft carriersEdit

Amphibious transport docksEdit

CruisersEdit

DestroyersEdit

CorvettesEdit

MinehuntersEdit

Replenishment shipsEdit

Support shipsEdit

QatarEdit

TanksEdit

  • AMX-30S MBT (Main Battle Tank)

ItalyEdit

Fighter jetsEdit

DestroyersEdit

FrigatesEdit

Replenishment shipsEdit

PolandEdit

Hospital shipEdit

Salvage shipEdit

CzechoslovakiaEdit

Other vehiclesEdit

  • Tatra T-815 (Heavy truck)
  • UAZ-4629 (All-terrain vehicle mounted with chemical reconnaissance probes)
  • ARS-12M (De-contamination truck based on Praga V3S)
  • POP (Mobile field medical truck based on Praga V3S)

CanadaEdit

DestroyersEdit

Fighter aircraftEdit

Transport aircraftEdit

HelicoptersEdit

Patrol, surveillance aircraftEdit

Supply/replenishment shipEdit

ArgentinaEdit

[14]

DestroyersEdit

  • 1 MEKO 360 (Almirante Brown class): ARA Almirante Brown (D-10) (CF A. Tierno). ARA Almirante Brown navigated 25.000 NM in the designated area for operations, as part of GT 88, together with ARA Spiro. Returned to Argentina on 25 April, 1991.

FrigatesEdit

  • 2 MEKO 140 A16 (Espora class): ARA Spiro (P-43) (CF O. Gonzalez), ARA Rosales (P-42) (CC Tebaldi / CC Rossi). ARA Spiro returned to Argentina on 23 May 1991, together with ARA Almirante Brown (D-10). It had navigated 23000 NM in the operations area during the conflict.

Amphibious cargo shipsEdit

  • 1Costa Sur class: ARA Bahia San Blas (B-5). Loaded with medicine and food, for humanitarian aid. This ship along with ARA Rosales (P-42) formed GT 88.1, and replaced GT 88.0 formed by ARA Almirante Brown and ARA Spiro.

HelicoptersEdit

  • 2 Alouette III (3-H-109 and 3-H-112), from 1° Esc. Aeronaval de Helicopteros (EA1H) (C.C. Alomar). Totalling 67 flights. Operated initially with P-43 and D-10. One of the Aluettes suffered an accident, with no casualties.

Transport aircraftEdit

AustraliaEdit

 
HMAS Sydney during January 1991

DestroyersEdit

FrigatesEdit

Replenishment shipsEdit

Transport aircraftEdit

NorwayEdit

Patrol shipsEdit

DenmarkEdit

CorvettesEdit

GreeceEdit

FrigatesEdit

SpainEdit

DestroyersEdit

CorvettesEdit

  • Descubierta-class corvettes, Descubierta, Diana, Infanta Cristina, Cazadora, Vencedora

The NetherlandsEdit

[17]

FrigatesEdit

MinehuntersEdit

Replenishment shipsEdit

Mobile field hospitalEdit

  • 53 medical personnel stationed on site

Maritime patrol aircraftEdit

BelgiumEdit

[18]

FrigatesEdit

MinehuntersEdit

Support shipsEdit

TurkeyEdit

DestroyersEdit

Militias and rebel groupsEdit

According to sources, 300 members of the anti-communist militias, Afghan mujahideen, joined the coalition towards the end of the war on 11 February 1991.[19] Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups also reportedly rebelled against Saddam.[20]

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Hyams, K. C., K. Hanson, F. S. Wignall, J. Escamilla, and E. C. Oldfield, 3rd. "The Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Health of U.S. Troops Deployed to the Persian Gulf During Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm." Reprinted with permission of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Force Health Protection & Readiness Policy & Programs, 20 June 1995. Web. 9 June 2014.
  2. ^ "1990/1991 Gulf Conflict" Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 25 March 2011 "Ministry of Defence"
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Desert Shield and Desert Storm: A Chronology and Troop List for the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf Crisis" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. 1991-03-25. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  4. ^ a b Hossain, Ishtiaq (April 1997). "Bangladesh and the Gulf War: Response of a Small State". Pakistan Horizon. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 50 (2): 42. JSTOR 41393571.
  5. ^ http://www.mil.se/sv/i-varlden/Utlandsstyrkan/Truppinsatser/Kuwait/ Archived 2009-05-27 at the Wayback Machine Field hospital deployed as part of Operation Granby (in Swedish)
  6. ^ a b Alexandrescu, Grigore; Băhnăreanu, Cristian (2007). Operații militare expediționare (PDF) (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura Universității Naționale de Apărare "Carol I". p. 33. ISBN 9789736634994.
  7. ^ "Alte misiuni și operații la care au participat militari români". misiuni.mapn.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  8. ^ Watson, Bruce W. (1993). Military Lessons of the Gulf War. Greenhill Books. p. 222. ISBN 9781853671036.
  9. ^ "RNZAF - the Post War Years". Archived from the original on 2010-05-22. Retrieved 2010-01-26. Royal New Zealand Air Force website
  10. ^ "Participação portuguesa na guerra do Golfo" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  11. ^ "A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE PORTUGAL EM OPERAÇÕES DE PAZ. ÊXITOS, PROBLEMAS E DESAFIOS" (PDF).
  12. ^ Lieutenant Colonel Joseph P. Englehardt. "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2016.
  13. ^ OP SCALPEL War Journal
  14. ^ "La Armada Argentina en el Golfo". Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
  15. ^ El TC-91, un avión con mucha historia
  16. ^ A 12 AÑOS DEL BOEING UNAG-1 EN LA GUERRA DEL GOLFO I Archived 2011-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "The Dutch contribution to the Gulf war - Historical missions - Defensie.nl". 12 September 2017.
  18. ^ "The Operation Southern Breeze".
  19. ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
  20. ^ McDowall 2004, p. 373.

Works citedEdit

  • McDowall, David (2004). A modern history of the Kurds (3rd ed.). London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-416-6.

External linksEdit

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