The Hanlin Academy (Vietnamese: Hàn lâm viện; Hán-Nôm: 翰林院) of the Nguyễn dynasty was an academic and administrative institution of higher learning, as an agency of its government it was in charge of drafting the emperor's books and documents, oversee the festivities and rituals of the mandarins, issue subpoenas (thư trát dùng) used in diplomatic affairs, and other related documents.[1] The Hanlin Academy was also incharge of sacrifices (tế tự), erecting steles (dựng bia), honours (tuyên dương), and accolades (khen thưởng).[1]
History
editUnder previous dynasties
editUnder the Nguyễn dynasty
editOrganisation
editThe term Hàn lâm viện
editacadémie
Academy members
editSome of the more famous academicians of the Hanlin Academy were:
Before the Nguyễn
edit- Mạc Hiển Tích (1060-?)
- Lê Văn Hưu (1230-1322) – Historian
- Trương Hán Siêu (?-1354)
- Hồ Tông Thốc (?-?)
- Nguyễn Phi Khanh (1355-1428)[2] – Philosopher
- Nguyễn Trãi (1380-1442) – Scholar, poet, politician, and military strategist
- Thân Nhân Trung (1419-1499)
- Lương Thế Vinh (1441-1496) – Scholar and mathematician
- Lương Đắc Bằng (1472-1522)
- Nguyễn Hữu Dật (1603-1681) – Public servant, Văn chức[a]
- Đặng Công Chất (1622-1683)
- Ngô Thì Sĩ (1726-1780) – Scholar, historian, and government official
- Lê Quý Đôn (1726-1784) – Poet, encyclopedist, and government official
- Trần Danh Án (1754-1794)
- Phan Huy Ích (1751-1822) – Poet
- Lê Quang Định (1759-1813)
- Trịnh Hoài Đức (1765-1825)
- Ngô Tùng Châu (?-1801)
During the Nguyễn dynasty period
edit- Phạm Đình Hổ (1768-1839)
- Phan Huy Chú (1782-1840) – Mandarin, scholar, and historian
- Trương Đăng Quế (1793-1865)
- Phan Thanh Giản (1796-1867) – Mandarin and ambassador to France
- Trần Tiễn Thành (1813-1883)
- Nguyễn Hữu Độ (1813-1888)
- Nguyễn Khuyến (1835-1909) – Scholar, poet and teacher
- Nguyễn Trọng Hợp (1834-1902)
- Cao Xuân Dục (1843-1923)[3] – Mandarin and historian
- Cao Đắc Minh (1887-1918) – Aviator, posthumous
Notes
edit- ^ At the age of 16 Nguyễn Hữu Dật was promoted to the rank of Văn chức, which is equivalent to the being a member of the Hanlin Academy. This was due to the Nguyễn lords separating their institutions from Đàng Ngoài in 1558. The Nguyễn lords avoided the seem like they were usurping the emperor's power, so they did not establish a Hanlin Academy in Đàng Trong, so in lieu of having a Hanlin Academy they promoted esteemed members to the position of Văn chức.
References
edit- ^ a b Huỳnh Công Bá và Huỳnh Văn Nhật Tiến (2014), Định chế hành chính và quân sự triều Nguyễn (1802-1885), NXB Thuận Hóa, pages: 209-210. (in Vietnamese).
- ^ Thái Mai Đặng (1978). Thơ văn Lý-Trần. Khoa học xã hội.
- ^ "Cao Xuân Dục - Tác giả Hán Nôm cuối thế kỷ XIX". 2021-06-15. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016.
Sources
edit- A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China, Charles Hucker, 1985, Stanford University Press.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hàn lâm viện (Nguyễn dynasty).
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Category:Government of the Nguyễn dynasty Category:1907 establishments in Vietnam
Sources to use
edit- http://baochi.nlv.gov.vn/baochi/cgi-bin/baochi?a=q&hs=1&r=1&results=1&txq=H%C3%A0n+L%C3%A2m+vi%E1%BB%87n&txf=txIN&ssnip=img&o=20&dafdq=&dafmq=&dafyq=&datdq=&datmq=&datyq=&puq=&e=-------vi-20--1--img-txIN-B%E1%BB%99+T%C6%B0+ph%C3%A1p+1933----- (Nguyễn Dynasty's Hanlin Academy).
- http://lemanhchien41.blogspot.com/2013/08/luoc-khao-ve-cac-ten-goi-vien-han-lam.html?m=1 (Online backup of an article published in a scientific journal, try to find the original journal).