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| Kingdom of Mewar - Delhi Sultanate conflict(1326 to 1518) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Greatest extent of the Kingdom of Mewar, 15th Century [1][2] | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Kingdom of Mewar |
 Delhi Sultanate | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Maharana Hammir Baruji Sauda Junsi Kachhwaha Kshetra Singh Lakha Singh Mokal Singh Rana Sanga (WIA) Medini Rai |
Firuz Shah Tughluq Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty) Ibrahim Lodi Maldev Songara Jaiza Songara | ||||
Kingdom of Mewar - Delhi Sultanate Conflict (1326 to 1518) was a series of military engagements between the Kingdom of Mewar under Sisodiya dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate from the regime of Tuqhlaq Dynasty to the succeding ones. The conflict erupted when Sisodiya dynasty took the reigon of Mewar from Delhi Sultanate's rule. The conflict was fought in what is today the Indian states of Rajasthan,Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
The conflict started in the reign of Rana Hammir against the Tuqhlaq dynasty at the Battle of Singoli[3].Further carried out by Rana Kshetra and his succesor Rana Lakha with the Sayyid dynasty in conquests of Bakrol and Badnor.[4][5] A invasion by the latter was also succesful repelled at Raipur.[6]The conflict took a short break when Rana Kumbha ascended the throne of Mewar. As he was busy throughout his life with the Islamic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat.[7] The conflict resumed again when Lodi dynasty when the latter tried to counter the growing heghemony of Mewar at the Battle of Khatoli and at Battle of Dholpur [8][9]
Prelude edit
In the year 1303, Sultan Allauddin Khilji of Delhi Sultanate put an end to the Guhila Dynasty of Mewar when he besiged and occupied Chittorgarh, the capital of Mewar. After which the reigon of Mewar came into the hands of the Delhi Sultanate. Allauddin appointed his son Khizr Khan as the governor of the place.[10] However Khizr Khan remained there for a period of ten years as he was removed from Mewar soon afterwards. Then Maldeo Songara, belonging to the Songara Chahuhan Dynasty was given the vasslage of Mewar. At the same time another branch of Guhilas known as Sisodiyas started to take the keypoints of Mewar under their new king Maharana Hammir.He in coming years was able to take the reigon of Mewar and the capital Chittorgarh by expelling Maldeo[11]Jaiza(Son of Maldeo)fled to the Delhi court for help. Starting the series of millitary standoffs which would continue the succeding two centuries.[12]
Conflict edit
Maldeo's Son Jaiza had fled to the court of Muhammed Bin Tuqhlaq for help which he got as a large muslim army head out by some general of Delhi Sultanate attacked Mewar and both sides met each other at the Battle of Singoli where Delhi Sultanate's forces were decisively defeated and were compelled to retreat. Hammir with this battle secured the independence of the Rajputana region.[3] After Hammir his son and succesor Maharana Kshetra captured the district of Bakrol from the forces of Delhi Sultanate.[4] Maharana Lakha the next Rana of Mewar was engaged in millitary standoffs against the Sayyiad Dynasty of Delhi in which the district of Badnor was captured.[5] In the reign of Maharana Mokal succesor of Lakha a invasion by the Sayyid dynasty was reverted at Raipur.[6]The conflict from thereafter took a break as Maharana Kumbha the succesor of Maharana Mokal throughout his life was busy in affairs with Malwa Sultanate and Gujarat Sultanate. Hence no major millitary standoff was fought between this period. After the assasination of Maharana Kumbha.[7] The conflict took its peak when Rana Sanga became the new Rana of Mewar and he by enjoying the strong position of Mewar in the North - Western India started the policy of expansion. Sanga captured some parts of the North Eastern Rajputana which were at that time were vassals of Delhi Sultanate. Meanwhile the new Sultan of Delhi Ibraihm Lodi was busy in queling local rebeliions in his realm. After succesfulling dealing of the rebllion he attacked Rana Sanga in the battle of Khatoli which resulted in the defeat of the Sultan.[8] To counter his past defeat he soon raised another force and attacked kingdom of Mewar at the battle of Dholpur only to be humbled again.[9] The victory at the battle of Dholpur made Mewar the master of all the land from bayana to Chanderi which was conquered by Sultan Sikandar against the Malwa Sultanate.[13] Sultan Ibraihm was further defeated by Rana Sanga at the Battle of Ranthambore[14]
Aftermath edit
The succesful war unders the various Maharana's of Mewar paved the way for Kingdom of Mewar to become one of the greatest powers in Northern India.[15] Chanderi was given to Medini Rai as a gift.[16]
List of Battles edit
| Name of Conflict(time) | Maharana/ Commander | Sultan/Commander | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recovery of Mewar (1321–36) | Maharana Hammir | Maladeva & Jaiza
(first under Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and later Muhammad bin Tughluq) |
Mewar Victory[11]
|
| Battle of Singoli (1336) | Maharana Hammir | Unknown | Mewar Victory[3]
|
| Battle of Bakrol | Maharana Kshetra | Firuz Shah Tughlaq | Mewar Victory[4]
|
| Battle of Badnor | Maharana Lakha | Firuz Shah Tughlaq | Mewar Victory[5]
|
| Battle of Raipur | Maharana Mokal | Mubarak Shah | Mewar Victory[6]
|
| Battle of Khatoli (1517) | Maharana Sanga
(WIA) |
Ibrahim Khan Lodi | Mewar Victory[8]
|
| Battle of Dholpur (1519) | Maharana Sanga | Ibrahim Khan Lodi | Mewar Victory[9] |
| Battle of Ranthambhore | Maharana Sanga | Ibrahim Khan Lodi | Mewar Victory[14]
|
References edit
- ^ Hooja, RIma (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Jaipur: Rupa and Co. p. 452. ISBN 9788129115010.
- ^ Chandra, Satish (2007). History of Medieval India: 800-1700. Orient BlackSwan. p. 174. ISBN 9788125032267.
- ^ a b c Majumdar, R.C (1967). History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate. Public Resource. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- ^ a b c Sarda, Har Bilas (1918). Maharana Kumbha: Soveringn, Soldier, Scholar. pp. 4"Kumbha's great grandfather, Rana Kshetra Singh, who ruled Mewar from A.l). 1364 to A.l). 1382, was the son and successor of the celebrated Rana Hammir. He greatly enlarged the kingdom. He captured Ajnier and Jahazpur, re-annexed Mandalgarh, Mandsor, and the whole of the Chappan to Mewar. He obtained a victory over the King of Delhi, who was utterly defeated at Bakrole".
- ^ a b c Ahluwalia, Manjit Singh (1978). Muslim Expansion in Rajasthan: The Relations of Delhi Sultanate with Rajasthan, 1206-1526. Yugantar Prakashan. pp. 168. "Lakshman Simha (Rana Lakha) is said to have defeated the Sultan of Delhi near Badnor and got exemption from the pilgrimage tax imposed on the Hindus for their visits to holy places like Kashi, Gaya and Paryag.".
- ^ a b c Hooja, Rima (2006). A Histoy of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. pp. 335–336. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
- ^ a b Chandra, Satish (2005). History of Medival India(800-1700). Orient Blakckswan (published 2007). pp. 173"The conflict with Gujarat and Malwa occupied Kumbha throughout his reign. ". ISBN 9788125032267.
- ^ a b c Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar; from earliest time to 1751 A.D. C.L Ranka. pp. 158"Maharana Sanga wrested some territory of eastern Rajasthan belonging to the Sultans of Delhi and annexed the same to his state, Nirodbhushan Roy", while editing the history of Afghans, written by ‘Niamatullah, observes that both Sanga and Ibrahim were not free to contest a battle immediately after the accession of the later, But this statement does not seem to be correct, A battle was fought near the village Khatoli (District Bundi), wherein the Rajputs emerged victorious, A prince of Lodi family was also made captive, ".
- ^ a b c Sarda, Har Bilas (1970). Maharana Sāngā, the Hindupat: The Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. pp. 61"When this army reached the Maharana's territory the Maharana advanced with his Rajputs. As the two armies came in sight of each other near Dholpur, 1 Mian Makhan made dispositions for the battle. Said Khan Furat and Haji Khan with 7, 000 horsemen, were placed on the right, and Daulat Khan, Allahdad Khan and Yusuf Khan commanded the centre. The Sultan's army was fully prepared to give the Maharana a warm reception. The Rajputs, with their accustomed valour, advanced and fell on the Sultan's army, and in a short time put the enemy to flight.".
- ^ Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar; from earliest time to 1751 A.D. pp. 100 "After reducing the stronghold of Chittor, Alauddin assigned it to his heir—apparent Khizrakhan by renaming it as Khizrabad.".
- ^ a b Mankekar, Mankekar (1976). Mewar Saga. Vikas Publishing House. pp. 27 "Khizar Khan had to give up Chittor and live in the security of .Ajmer, even though he was nominally in command of that fort for ten years, until the sultan passed on the governorship of Chittor to a Jalor Chauhan, Maldeo. Hamir Singh soon, by a stratagem, wrested Chittorgarh from Maldeo, and embarked on a career of re-establishing and consolidating his ancestral kingdom.". ISBN 978-0-7069-0416-1.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C (1960). The History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 6. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 70 "The Chauhan ruler Jaiza, son of Maldev, who was ruling Mewar as a feudatory of the Sultan, fled to Muhammad Tughluq at Delhi. Thereupon the latter marched against the Maharana, ".
- ^ Sarda, Har Bilas (1970). Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race. pp. 62"By this victory all that part of Malwa which had been usurped by Muhammad Shah (Sahib Khan), younger brother of Sultan Mahmud Khilji II of Mandu, during his rebellion against his brother, and had subsequently been taken possession of by Sultan Sikander Lodi, father of Sultan Ibrahim, now fell into the hands of the Maharana. Chanderi was one of the many places which fell into the hands of the Maharana, ".
- ^ a b Hooja, Rima (2005). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and Co. pp. "Sultan Ibrahim Lodi's bid to annex Ranthambore and Ajmer to the Delhi Sultanate led Rana Sanga to make peace with the sultan of Gujarat...Rana Sanga inflicted a defeat on Ibrahim Lodi when the latter attacked Ranthambore.". ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
- ^ Bhatnagar, V. S. (1974). Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743. pp. Impex India. p. 6." Mewar's grand recovery commended under Lakha and later under Kumbha and most notably under Sanga it became one of the greatest powers in the northern India in first quarter of 16th century".
- ^ Sarda, Har Bilas (1970). Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race. Ajmer, Scottish Mission Industries. pp. 62 "Chanderi was one of the many places which fell into the hands of the Maharana, who bestowed it on Medni Rai.