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44th Canadian Parliament

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The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.

44th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
22 November 2021 – present
Parliament leaders
Prime
Minister		Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau
4 Nov 2015 – present
Cabinet29th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the
Opposition		Hon. Erin O'Toole
24 Aug 2020 – 2 Feb 2022
Hon. Candice Bergen
2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022
Hon. Pierre Poilievre
10 Sep 2022 – present
Party caucuses
GovernmentLiberal Party
OppositionConservative Party
RecognizedBloc Québécois
New Democratic Party[a]
Independent Senators Group*
Canadian Senators Group*
Progressive Senate Group*
UnrecognizedGreen Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
Speaker of the
Commons		Hon. Anthony Rota
5 Dec 2019 – 27 Sep 2023
Louis Plamondon (interim)
27 Sep 2023 – 3 Oct 2023
Hon. Greg Fergus
3 Oct 2023 – present
Government
House Leader		Hon. Mark Holland
26 Oct 2021 – 26 Jul 2023
Hon. Karina Gould
26 Jul 2023 – present
Opposition
House Leader		Gérard Deltell
2 Sep 2020 – 4 Feb 2022
John Brassard
5 Feb 2022 – 12 Sep 2022
Andrew Scheer
13 Sep 2022 – present
Members338 MP seats
List of members
Senate

Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the
Senate		Hon. George Furey
3 Dec 2015 – 12 May 2023
Hon. Raymonde Gagné
12 May 2023 – present
Government
Senate Rep.		Hon. Marc Gold
24 Jan 2020 – present
Opposition
Senate Leader		Hon. Don Plett
5 Nov 2019 – present
Senators105 senator seats
List of senators
Sovereign
MonarchElizabeth II
6 Feb 1952 – 8 Sep 2022
Charles III
8 Sep 2022 – present
Governor
General		HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon
26 Jul 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session
22 November 2021 – present
← 43rd → 45th

It is led by a Liberal Party minority government under the premiership of Justin Trudeau. Six months into the first session on 22 March 2022 it was announced that the New Democratic Party would henceforth support the government with confidence and supply measures.[1][2] The support was contingent on the government implementing a pharmacare program and a dental care program. The temporary Canada Dental Benefit was established in December 2022, and the permanent Canadian Dental Care Plan began rolling out in December 2023.[3][4]

Current leadership of the House of Commons

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Presiding officer

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Office Photo Party Officer Riding Since
Speaker of the House of Commons   Liberal Greg Fergus Hull—Aylmer 3 October 2023

Government leadership (Liberal)

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Office Photo Officer Riding Since
Leader   Justin Trudeau Papineau 14 April 2013
Deputy Leader   Chrystia Freeland University-Rosedale 20 November 2019
House Leader   Karina Gould Burlington 26 July 2023
Whip   Steven MacKinnon Gatineau 28 October 2021
Caucus Chair Brenda Shanahan Châteauguay—Lacolle 28 November 2021

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

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Office Photo Officer Riding Since
Leader   Pierre Poilievre Carleton 10 September 2022
Deputy Leaders   Melissa Lantsman Thornhill 10 September 2022
  Tim Uppal Edmonton Mill Woods
House Leader   Andrew Scheer Regina—Qu'Appelle 13 September 2022
Deputy House Leader   Luc Berthold Mégantic—L'Érable 13 September 2022
Whip   Kerry-Lynne Findlay South Surrey—White Rock 13 September 2022
Deputy Whip and question period Coordinator   Chris Warkentin Grande Prairie-Mackenzie 13 September 2022
Caucus Chair   Scott Reid Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston 13 September 2022
Caucus Party Liaison   Eric Duncan Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry 13 September 2022
Caucus Committee Coordinator   Jake Stewart Miramichi—Grand Lake 13 September 2022
Québec Lieutenant   Pierre Paul-Hus Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles 13 September 2022

Current leadership of the Senate

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Presiding officer

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Office Photo Party Officer Province Since
Speaker of the Senate   Non-affiliated Raymonde Gagné Manitoba 12 May 2023

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

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Office Officer Province Since
Government Representative in the Senate Marc Gold Quebec 24 January 2020
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate Patti LaBoucane-Benson Alberta N/A
Government Liaison in the Senate Michèle Audette Quebec 9 August 2023

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

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Office Photo Officer Province Since
Leader of the Opposition   Don Plett Manitoba 5 November 2019
Deputy leader of the Opposition   Yonah Martin British Columbia November 2015
Whip of the Opposition Judith Seidman Quebec N/A
Deputy Whip of the Opposition   Leo Housakos Quebec N/A
Chair of the Conservative Caucus Rose-May Poirier New Brunswick December 2019

Timeline

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See also: By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

2021

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2022

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2023

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2024

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Changes in MPs

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Changes in seats held (2021–present)
Seat Before Change
Date Member Party Reason Date Member Party
Spadina—Fort York 22 November 2021 Kevin Vuong █ Liberal Excluded from caucus[20] █ Independent
Mississauga—Lakeshore 27 May 2022 Sven Spengemann █ Liberal Resigned to accept a position with the United Nations[21][22] 12 December 2022[23] Charles Sousa █ Liberal
Richmond—Arthabaska 13 September 2022 Alain Rayes █ Conservative Left caucus[24] █ Independent
Winnipeg South Centre 12 December 2022 Jim Carr █ Liberal Died in office[25] 19 June 2023 Ben Carr █ Liberal
Calgary Heritage 31 December 2022 Bob Benzen █ Conservative Resigned to return to the private sector[26] 24 July 2023 Shuvaloy Majumdar █ Conservative
Oxford 28 January 2023 Dave MacKenzie █ Conservative Retired[27] 19 June 2023 Arpan Khanna █ Conservative
Portage—Lisgar 28 February 2023 Candice Bergen █ Conservative Resigned[28] 19 June 2023 Branden Leslie █ Conservative
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount 8 March 2023 Marc Garneau █ Liberal Retired[29] 19 June 2023 Anna Gainey █ Liberal
Don Valley North 22 March 2023 Han Dong █ Liberal Left caucus[30] █ Independent
Durham 1 August 2023 Erin O'Toole █ Conservative Resigned 4 March 2024 Jamil Jivani █ Conservative
Toronto—St. Paul's 16 January 2024 Carolyn Bennett █ Liberal Resigned to become ambassador of Canada to Denmark[31] 24 June 2024 Don Stewart █ Conservative
LaSalle—Émard—Verdun 1 February 2024 David Lametti █ Liberal Resigned to join law firm[32] 16 September 2024 Louis-Philippe Sauvé █ Bloc Québécois
Elmwood—Transcona 31 March 2024 Daniel Blaikie █ New Democratic Resigned to work with Premier of Manitoba Wab Kinew[33] 16 September 2024 Leila Dance █ New Democratic
Cloverdale—Langley City 27 May 2024 John Aldag █ Liberal Resigned to seek the BC NDP nomination for Langley-Abbotsford in the 2024 British Columbia general election[34]
Halifax 31 August 2024 Andy Fillmore █ Liberal Resigned to run for the mayoralty of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in the 2024 Halifax municipal election
Honoré-Mercier 19 September 2024 Pablo Rodriguez █ Liberal Left caucus █ Independent

Membership changes

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House of Commons

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Number of members
per party by date 		2021 2022 2023 2024
Sep 20 Mar 22 May 27 Sep 13 Dec 31 Jan 28 Feb 28 Mar 8 Mar 22 Jun 19 Jul 24 Aug 1 Jan 16 Feb 1 Mar 4 Mar 31 May 27 Jun 24 Aug 31 Sep 4 Sep 16 Sep 19
Liberal 159 158[b] 157 156 158 157 156 155 154 153
Conservative 119 118 117 116 115 117 118 117 118 119
Bloc Québécois 32 33
New Democratic 25 24 25
Green 2
Independent 1 2 3 4
  Total members 338 337 336 335 334 333 337 338 337 336 335 336 335 334 335 334 336
Government majority -20 -21[b] -19 -18 -19 -21 -22 -21 -22 -23 -24 -25 -26 -27 -28 -30 -31
  Government majority
with C & S measures[c][d] 		N/A[c] 30 29 31 32 31 29 28 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 N/A[d]
Vacant 0 1[b] 2 3 4 5 1 0 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 2
  1. ^ The New Democratic Party provided confidence and supply for the Liberal Party government, from March 2022 to September 2024.
  2. ^ a b c The Liberals briefly fell to 157 seats on December 12, 2022, during the period between Jim Carr's death and Charles Sousa's by-election victory in Mississauga—Lakeshore. During this period the government majority shrunk to -22, and the number of vacant seats rose to 2.
  3. ^ a b The Liberal and New Democratic (NDP) parties reach a confidence and supply agreement on 22 March 2022.
  4. ^ a b The New Democratic Party rescinds its confidence and supply agreement with the Liberal Party on September 4, 2024.

Senate

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Number of members
per group by date 		2021 2022 2023
Sep 20 Sep 27 Oct 6 Oct 7 Oct 8 Oct 18 Oct 31 Nov 20 Jan 3 Feb 4 Mar 14 Mar 18 May 6 Jun 3 Jun 27 Aug 4 Sep 26 Oct 2 Oct 24 Nov 10 Nov 21 Jan 10 Jan 12 Jan 24 Jan 31 Feb 9 Feb 21 Feb 23 Feb 28 May 3 May 12 May 15 Jul 6 Jul 11 Aug 9 Sep 7 Sep 15 Sep 19
Independent Senators Group 40 41 42 43 44 43 42 41 40 39 40 39 38 37 38 39
Conservative 18 17 16 15
Progressive Senate Group 14 13 14 13 12 13 12 11
  Canadian Senators Group 13 12 13 12 13 12 11 12 13 14 15
Non-affiliated 9 8 7 6 5 6 7 9 10 11 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 10 9 11 12 11 10
  Total members 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 90 89 90 93 91 90 89 91 90 89 91 90
Vacant 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 15 12 14 15 16 14 15 16 14 15
Number of members
per group by date 		2023 2024
Oct 25 Oct 31 Nov 8 Nov 22 Dec 14 Dec 15 Dec 20 Dec 27 Dec 30 Jan 10 Jan 15 Jan 17 Jan 22 Jan 28 Jan 30 Feb 6 Feb 12 Feb 13 Apr 10 Apr 14 Apr 18 May 2 May 13 May 28 Jun 3 Jun 4 Jun 10 Jun 28 Aug 17 Aug 20 Aug 30 Aug 31 Sep 10 Sep 25 Oct 13 Oct 16 Oct 21 Oct 22
Independent Senators Group 39 39 40 41 40 39 40 41 42 43 42 41 42 41
  Canadian Senators Group 15 16 15 16 17 16 17 18
Conservative 15 15 14 13 12
Progressive Senate Group 11 12 13 14 13 14
Non-affiliated 9 14 13 12 11 10 13 12 11 10 11 12 11 12 13 12 11 10 11 10 9 8 9 11 12 14 15 16 15 14
  Total members 89 94 94 97 96 95 96 97 96 97 96 95 96 98 97 99 100 101 100 99
Vacant 16 11 8 9 10 9 8 9 8 9 10 9 7 8 6 5 4 5 6
Number of members
per group by date 		2024
Oct 25 Nov 1 Nov 5
Independent Senators Group 42 41
  Canadian Senators Group 18 19
Progressive Senate Group 14 13
Non-affiliated 13
Conservative 12
  Total members 99 98
Vacant 6 5


Party standings

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Standings in the 44th Canadian Parliament
Affiliation House members Senate members
2021 election
results 		Current +/– On election
day 2021 		Current[35] +/–
Liberal 160 153   7 – –  
Conservative 119 119   18 12   6
Bloc Québécois 32 33   1 – –  
New Democratic 25 25   – –  
Green 2 2   – –  
Independent 0 4   4 9 13   4
Indep. Senators – –   40 41   1
Progressive Senate Group – –   14 13   1
Canadian Senators Group – –   13 19   6
Total members 338 336   2 94 98   4
Vacant – 2   2 11 7   4
Total seats 338 – 105 –


Legislation

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With the Liberal Party and NDP entering into a confidence and supply agreement on budgetary items and motions of confidence, the final component of the 2021 budget (Bill C-8) was adopted in June 2022. Among other provisions, Bill C-8 enacted the Underused Housing Tax Act, created a new tax credit to return carbon tax paid by farmers, created the COVID-19 Air Quality Improvement Tax Credit, and expanded both the School Supplies Tax Credit and the northern residents deduction amount.[36] Similarly, the 2022 budget was implemented in Bills C-19 and C-32. Among other provisions, Bill C-19 doubled the Home Accessibility Tax Credit, created the Labour Mobility Deduction for tradespeople, made vaping products subject to excise duties, removed excise duties from low-alcohol beer, removed the excise duty exemption that had applied to Canadian wine as directed by the WTO, and amended the Copyright Act as agreed to in the Canada-United States–Mexico Agreement, and criminalized Holocaust denial. Bill C-19 also enacted the Civil Lunar Gateway Agreement Implementation Act; the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act; and the Select Luxury Items Tax Act to create a new sales tax applicable to luxury cars, planes and boats; and also repealed the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act.[37] Bill C-32 created the First Home Savings Account as a new registered savings plan and the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit; made income derived from house-flipping into business income for taxation purposes; created a temporary 15% tax on the taxable income of banks that exceeded $1 billion; and, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increased maximum financial assistance that can be provided to foreign states from US$5 billion to C$14 billion.[38] In other legislation, Bill C-11 adopted the Online Streaming Act and Bill C-18 adopted the Online News Act.

On healthcare, the Canada Dental Benefit was created with Bill C-31 with the Liberals, NDP and Green Party in support, and Conservatives and Bloc opposed.[39] With all party support, Bill C-10 directed $2.5 billion be paid for COVID testing purposes; Bill C-12 amended guaranteed income supplements to exclude payments received from the Emergency Response Benefit, the Recovery Benefit and the Worker Lockdown Benefit.[40][41] With both the NDP and Conservatives opposing, Bill C-2 enacted the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act and extended various other COVID-related benefit programs.[42] On public safety and crime, with all party support, Bill C-3 inserted a new offence into the Criminal Code regarding intimidation of a person seeking health services and obstruction of lawful access to a place at which health services are provided.[43] Bill C-28 was adopted in response to R v Brown (2022) addressing self-induced extreme intoxication.[44]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ Blatchford, Andy (22 March 2022). "Trudeau will be prime minister until 2025". POLITICO.
  2. ^ Scherer, Steve; Shakil, Ismail (22 March 2022). "Canada's Trudeau strikes surprise deal to keep power until 2025". Reuters. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  3. ^ Wilson, Jim (19 January 2024). "11.4 million uninsured Canadians to be excluded from national public dental care plan: Report". Canadian HR Reporter. KM Business Information Canada. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  4. ^ Rachini, Mouhamad (12 December 2023). "Canada's new dental care plan could impact nearly 9 million Canadians — are you one of them?". CBC News. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  5. ^ Tasker, John Paul (20 September 2021). "Canadians have re-elected a Liberal minority government". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  6. ^ Catharine Tunney (25 October 2021). "Anand to defence, Joly to foreign affairs: Trudeau announces major cabinet shakeup". CBC. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  7. ^ "NewsAlert: MPs re-elect Liberal Anthony Rota to be House of Commons Speaker". INFOnews. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
  8. ^ Tasker, John Paul (2 February 2022). "Conservative MPs vote to remove Erin O'Toole as leader". CBC News. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  9. ^ Major, Darren (21 February 2022). "Emergencies Act passes crucial House of Commons vote with NDP support". CBC News. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  10. ^ "MOTION TO CONFIRM THE DECLARATION OF A PUBLIC ORDER EMERGENCY WITHDRAWN" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: Senate of Canada. 23 February 2022. p. 686.
  11. ^ Aiello, Rachel (22 March 2022). "Liberals, NDP agree to confidence deal seeing Trudeau government maintain power until 2025". CTV News. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  12. ^ Tasker, John Paul (10 September 2022). "Conservative members pick MP Pierre Poilievre to be their new leader". CBC News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  13. ^ "Leadership Contest Announcement".
  14. ^ "Former Conservative leader Erin O'Toole not seeking re-election, leaving this spring". ctvnews.ca. 31 March 2023. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023.
  15. ^ @erinotoole (31 March 2023). "A statement from the Hon. Erin O'Toole, P.C., C.D., M.P." (Tweet). Archived from the original on 31 March 2023 – via Twitter.
  16. ^ "Trudeau overhauls his cabinet, drops 7 ministers and shuffles most portfolios". CBC. 26 July 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  17. ^ a b "Anthony Rota resigns as Speaker after honouring Ukrainian veteran who fought with Nazi unit". CBC News. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  18. ^ "Liberal MP Greg Fergus elected Speaker of the House of Commons". CBC. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  19. ^ Tasker, John (30 April 2024). "Speaker kicks Poilievre out of the Commons after he calls PM a 'wacko' in tense question period exchange". CBC News. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  20. ^ Burke, Ashley (22 September 2021). "Expelled Liberal candidate says he'll sit as an Independent as angry voters call for byelection". CBC News.
  21. ^ "Mississauga Liberal MP resigns to work for United Nations less than a year after re-election". Mississauga.com. 19 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  22. ^ "Sven Spengemann – Member of Parliament – Members of Parliament". House of Commons of Canada. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  23. ^ "Liberal Charles Sousa wins federal byelection in Mississauga-Lakeshore, CBC News projects". CBC News. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  24. ^ Connolly, Amanda; Boutilier, Alex. "Quebec MP Alain Rayes leaves Conservative caucus after Poilievre victory". Global News. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  25. ^ Elections Canada (16 December 2022). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Winnipeg South Centre". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  26. ^ Elections Canada (5 January 2023). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Calgary Heritage". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  27. ^ Elections Canada (2 February 2023). "A Federal Seat is Vacant in Oxford". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  28. ^ Elections Canada (2 March 2023). "A By-Election Will Take Place in Portage–Lisgar". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  29. ^ Elections Canada (10 March 2023). "A By-Election Will Take Place in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce–Westmount". Retrieved 12 March 2023.
  30. ^ Catharine Tunney (22 March 2023). "MP Han Dong leaving Liberal caucus, denies allegations of working against release of 2 Michaels". CBC News. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  31. ^ "Carolyn Bennett, longtime Liberal MP and cabinet minister, stepping down | Globalnews.ca".
  32. ^ Merkowsky, Clare Marie (26 January 2024). "Trudeau's former Justice Minister resigns from Parliament days after Emergencies Act ruling".
  33. ^ Kives, Bartley (28 February 2024). "Winnipeg MP Daniel Blaikie resigning from Elmwood-Transcona seat to work for Manitoba premier". CBC News.
  34. ^ Paas-Lang, Christian (19 May 2024). "Liberal MP John Aldag announces resignation, looks to run for provincial NDP in B.C."
  35. ^ "Standings in the Senate". Senate of Canada. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  36. ^ Barton, Andrew; Capwell, Brett; Kachulis, Eleni; Léonard, André; Malo, Joëlle (12 January 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-8: An Act to implement certain provisions of the economic and fiscal update tabled in Parliament on December 14, 2021 and other measures". Library of Parliament.
  37. ^ Barton, Andrew; Béchard, Julie; et al. (30 May 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-19: An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on 7 April 2022 and other measures" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
  38. ^ Fleury, Sylvain; Blackshaw, Matthew; et al. (30 December 2022). "An Act to implement certain provisions of the Fall Economic Statement Tabled in Parliament on November 3, 2022 and Certain Provisions of the Budget Tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
  39. ^ Aiello, Rachel (17 November 2022). "A national dental-care benefit is now law; here's who is eligible". CTV News.
  40. ^ "Legislation to increase access to rapid testing across the country receives Royal Assent". Government of Canada. 4 March 2022.
  41. ^ "Legislation to support low-income seniors who received pandemic benefits receives royal assent". Government of Canada. 3 March 2022.
  42. ^ Kachulis, Eleni; Keenan-Pelletier, Michaela; Malo, Joëlle; Tiedemann, Marlisa; Yon, Adriane (1 February 2022). "Legislative Summary of Bill C-2: An Act to Provide Further Support in Response to COVID-19" (PDF). Library of Parliament.
  43. ^ "How Bill C-3 can work for you: What the anti-harassment law means for doctors". Canadian Medical Association. 12 January 2023.
  44. ^ Eñano, Katrina (28 June 2022). "Bill abolishing 'self-induced extreme intoxication' as legal defence receives royal assent". Canadian Lawyer. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
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